Chapter XV: Preface: 55 (8)

As for Aiai, he went to a cave in a low precipice, where he remained in seclusion until found by Pilihawawa, who took him as a friend to his house where they remained together. During their companionship their occupation was cultivating the land, but though they obtained food there was no fish. Aiai told his friend to weave baskets for the catching of hinalea. [169] So they wove the baskets, and when finished they went down to the rocky seashore and placed them in position. Then Aiai called on his parents for fish:

O Kuula and Hina,
Send the fish in,
The young hinalea and the opule. [170]

Hina said to Kuula: “Give some fish for our son.” At this time the basket was standing in place and the fishes came into it until it overflowed, the basket being quite full. So the friend Pilihawawa collected the fish and placed them on dry land. Kuula, however, sent in the surfs which, breaking, carried all the fish back into the sea, the fish which were placed in the container only remained. That was the method of fishing and the origin of [Kuula] fishermen which continues to this day. Hina is a real stone, which exists to this day. It controls certain fishes. Here are the names: the aku, [171] the akule, [172] the oio, [173] the moi, [174] the a’u, [175] the manini. [176]

Kuula and Aiai are in the same class; they are both fish stones, [177] and have certain sacredness to this day. Reddish things are sacred to Kuula, such as the red dye, and the red waist cloth, and everything of a reddish hue, and so on. Therefore through Kuula all the different methods of fishing and the fishes became established throughout these islands; hence, the instructor in fishing.

There are many various methods and divisions in fishing; a different method in shallow water, and in deep water, and a different method again in the fishing grounds midocean. There are also various ways of catching fish in the vocation of fishing, that of the night differing from that of the day; of the morning from that of the evening, as hahamau, iniiniki, kikomo, kamakoi, kiolaola, hoauau, hooluuluu, o, moemoe; by canoe fishing with net; hiaku, kapae, kakauhu, squid catching, and so forth; by bait, with hook and line, rod, stone, wood and so forth.

The fishing seasons varied during the year, and were not always on the same time; there were auguries by which the proper time for fishing might be discerned, and not go fishing without any foreknowledge. Certain kinds of fishing were under restrictions, while others were unrestrained; single-handed fishing and fishing in parties; some with canoe, and some without canoe.

FISHING AND METHODS OF FISHING.—DRY (OR SHORE) FISHING.

1. Hahamau. [178] This method of fishing is done on moonlight nights. When the moon rises the tide ebbs; then the women go fishing along the shore; along the rocky ledges and boulders, and coral reefs where the surf breaks. This mode of fishing is by feeling with the hands, with the fingers curved. [179] These are the fishes caught: heepali, [180] olali, [181] hou, [182] awela, [183] niholoa, [184] mananalo, [185] paolakei, [186] paokauwila,[186] paoluahine.[186]

2. Holoholo. [187] Fishing with a net, going to and fro along shore. The name of the net is holoholo, [formed of] a piece of wood two fathoms long with the net tied in a circular manner to the wood, which is flexible, called alahee. [188] The place where the sea ebbs swiftly is the place where the net is to be let down. One person holds the net and one drives the fish. Fishes to be [thus] caught are: Uhu, [189] kala, [190] uwouwoa, [191] manini, [192] nenue. [193]

3. A standing aloiloi net. There is no place where it can not be cast, being adapted to both deep and shallow sea fishing. The fisherman stands on the shore and casts the net. These are the fishes of this net: Aloiloi, hinalea, [194] lauhau. [195]

4. Eel snatching. Here is the method: It is hand fishing, the bait being held in the right hand, the left hand snatching [the eel]. These are the baits: Aama, [196] paiea (rock crabs), and heepali. The place for this kind of fishing is along the black rocky seashore, the same as Kohala’s coast. There the fishing is done at high tide and when the sea is boisterous. The only fish to be caught is the eel.

5. The kikomo. [197] It is a hook placed at the head of a short rod one fathom in length. The place for fishing is a cleft in the rocks. Eels also are the fish to be caught.

6. Angling. The fishing rod is three fathoms long, made of bambu, and of hau. The cord is also three fathoms long. Aama, ina (sea eggs), pea (starfish), and heepali is the bait used. The place of fishing is at a headland or other suitable place. Fishes to be caught by this method of fishing are: uhu, halahala, [198] hou, aawa, [199] oopukai, [200] hinalea, aniholoa, [201] awela. [202]

7. Kaee. The net is called nae, a net of very small mesh, and the place of fishing is the rocky floors covered with a very thin sheet of water. All kinds of small fishes are taken in by this net, such as ohua, [203] paoo, [204] aholehole, [205] baby maninis, and so forth.

8. Basket. This is woven in the manner of wicker chairs, with the opening on the top, and standing about one foot high. Wana, [206] ina and haukeuke [207] are used as bait. The place of this method of fishing is in the sea, in coral, flat bottom and rocky places. The basket is placed in position and the man swims away. When the fishes enter [the basket] the man collects them. The fish caught is hinalea only, and no other kind.

9. Basket with a large opening. A large basket, two feet high, for deep sea fishing. These are the fishes caught: Panuhunuhu, [208] halahala, uhu.

10. Uluulu net. Two sticks each a yard long, the net a yard wide. The place for fishing is in the sea. The fishes are in holes; there is where this net is used. One man holds the net on one side of the hole, and another man with a pole stirs up the water in the hole to drive the fish into the net. The fish to be caught are the kumu, [209] the uhu, and so forth.

11. The sea net. This net is called by fishermen, the “mouth of a shark;” the uluulu net (No. 10) the “belly of the shark,” and the hinalea fishing basket (No. 8) the “eye of the shark.” In these kinds of fishing fishermen are liable to be eaten by sharks, hence the expressions. The placing of the net is done down in the deep sea. One dives down, clears away the rocks and places the net in position, then the fish enter.

12. Spearing. It is a long pole, three yards long, with a very sharp-pointed piece of iron [210] half an arm’s length at one end. This method of fishing is not suited to those who do not know how to dive, but only to those who are long-winded in diving and know how to spear. A fisherman dives and stays down, and the way he stays down is by grasping the bottom with one hand, while the other holds the spear, watching for a fish to come around, and when it does come in sight it is speared; all kinds of fish in the ocean. The length of time it takes to stay down is about half an hour, but in case a shark is encountered, fully one whole hour may be taken in staying down in the deep. How wonderful! [211]

13. Drawing net. It is a large net eighteen fathoms long and seven feet wide. It is a net drawn through the sea, two men holding it, while four men drive in the fish.

14. A hulihuli [212] net. It is taken and placed in position in the sea. Then the rocks are turned over, thus driving the fish into the net.

15. Pakuikui (thrashing) net. A man swims seaward drawing the net, while another man thrashes the sea from the land side. On account of the noise the fishes run into the net.

16. Squid spearing. [The fisherman] takes a pole in the sea with which to thrust in the hole, thereby killing the squid.

17. The turtle net. It is forty fathoms long and four fathoms wide. Ten men are necessary to handle this net to despatch a turtle. Not, however, until a turtle is seen floating on the surface of the sea is the net cast. Sometimes from one to five turtles are taken at one haul. All these different methods of fishing are done in the sea by diving and wadings in actual person, without canoe. This is a summary of all the different methods of fishing in the sea, except by canoes.

FISHING FROM CANOE.

1. Squid fishing. The cowrie shell is the bait, together with a stone. Spurs which are curved [forming the hook] are fitted behind the shells whereby the squid is caught. The shell and the stone are both alike, the squid will not seize it if the stone is not identical with the shell; the stone underneath, the shell on top. A stone is cut to resemble the shell [in size and shape]; if the shell is spotted the stone must be spotted, and so in all other particulars. If the stone and shell are good and exactly alike, the squid will seize it. The man who is in the canoe shakes the line in order to move the shell and stone, which the squid pursues to grip. If the shell is a good attraction the catch may amount to forty squids, or perhaps a little less.

2. Looking for squid. The squid is the fish. A hook with a stone attached forming the bait are the things that catch it. When fishing, chew the kukui [213] [nuts] and blow it on the sea to calm it whereby the bottom is made clear, and when the squid is located the hook is let down. There are several varieties of this fish (the squid), and it has a body which it can transform in various ways; that is why the kukui is blown over the sea, to calm it and [permit] the squid [to be] plainly seen. Here are the different forms of the squid at different times: In the morning the form resembles that of breadfruit, that is, the skin. Toward noon it is red. In the afternoon it is brown, similar to seaweed. In the evening it is dark like the coral. All squid, both large and small, change in the same way. Therefore those who are not learned in discerning the squid are not fit to go out on this kind of fishing.

3. The lau [net]. This net is fourteen fathoms long and is of two kinds. If the net is fourteen fathoms long many people will take part in the fishing. It means this: Three times forty fathoms is the length of the rope to which ki leaves are fastened in small bundles. If the net is nine fathoms long the leaf rope is six times forty fathoms. The dry leaves of the ki plant are used for the purpose, and the bark of the hau [214] is the rope. This is done to scare the fishes of the sea. [215] The method of fishing is done in this way: The ki leaves and net are placed in two canoes. Most of the people are on shore pulling the ki leaf rope, and some in canoes. Thus the fish are driven to a suitable place where the net is payed out. Many kinds of fish are caught by this method of fishing.

4. Kawaa net. It is a large net, and three are used in this method of fishing. Each is twenty fathoms long. Three canoes are employed; one canoe is loaded with stones and two with nets. One canoe pays out its net, and so does the other, in opposite direction. Then the canoes curve and go inland as the big stones are being thrown down. In this method many fishes are caught.

5. Large-mouth net. This has appliances called pula, [216] which means, a rope twenty fathoms long, the hala [217] leaves and akia [218] being the pula, which are set one foot apart. These pulas are forty in number, and in some cases more are used. These are used to drive the fish to where the net is located. With this net of the fisherman, the resourcefulness of man is made apparent. The net is first located at rough or bad places, where the fish mainly gather, and left there. Then the pula is drawn, and the fish, on seeing it, run to the rough place and are all caught in the net.

6. Hanging net. Three canoes are employed for this net, one for actual fishing and two to carry the nets. One canoe, which is the one on the right-hand side, carries the bag, the other canoe is the one on the left-hand side. [In setting the nets] the belly of the net forms the juncture of the two nets. At the mouth of the side nets the fishermen dive toward the middle, driving the fish away back in the bag and are thus caught.

7. Pakuikui net. It is the same net as above, with a bag, but with different operations. Poles four fathoms long are used. When the net is cast at its located place, then the poles are thrust in the sea. The fish are thereby frightened into the net in an angry and mighty rush. Such is the method of this fishing.

8. Flying-fish net. This is a large net, being eighteen fathoms long and six fathoms high, and the mouth is twelve fathoms long. This is a fine-meshed net. These are the names of the different kinds of these nets: nukunuku a ula, single mesh, double mesh, triple mesh. Many canoes carry this net, about thirty. Sometimes one canoe carries the net; sometimes five, and so on. The net canoe leads with six men aboard; the paddle-men are called “flying-fish paddlers.” The canoes are paddled uniformly when encompassing [the fish] without one slacking backward; when near the net the canoes are backed, then the net is drawn in. There are two canoes allotted for receiving the fish, a younger and an elder [219] canoe. The younger canoe is the one belonging to the net owner; the elder canoe is that belonging to the paddle men. The tally fish belongs to the wife of the net owner. In the net canoe there are three apportionments; the steersman in the stern of the canoe, the paddler in the bow of the canoe, and the midship paddler. These are the different men who share their apportionment [220] with the net owner.

9. The kapae. This method of fishing is done during windy days. The fish is the flying-fish. The line is twenty-seven fathoms long. This fish is caught with hook baited with lobster, or flying-fish meat. The wind and tide bear these. This fish, the flying-fish is buoyant on the sea, and so is the line; thus this fish is caught. Thirty and less of these flying-fish are caught in this method of fishing.

10. The koheoheo. Koheoheo is a piece of wiliwili wood with a live flying-fish attached. The line is five fathoms long, the object is to allure the dolphin, and when it becomes ferocious the line and hook is thrown. When the fish bites the paddling of the canoe ceases. The dolphin is a very game fish when caught with a hook, it is a great struggler and snorts when leaping up. A large fish is a fathom and over, long, and a small fish is muku (four and a half feet). A large fish is called a lapalapa, also ao, having a breadth of a yard from the forehead to the mouth. Here are the different names of the dolphin: Lapalapa, oa and papaohe. The principal food of this fish, the dolphin, are flying-fish, lelepo and puhikii.

11. Kahala [221] fishing. Five times forty fathoms is the length of the line. This fish requires an abundance of line, and hooks also. The abode of this fish is a koa [station or ground]. This fish does not live in any other part of the sea, only at a koa. This is a small mound in the bottom of the ocean; a deep pit is different from this. It is a plain mound not fully cognizant to the fisherman, but by letting down the hook and line it is learned that the koa is good, the hook does not entangle.

The koa (station) is a place of great enjoyment by all the kahalas. The size of the station is about the same as that of a small village with houses standing and the people gathered in crowds. According to the depth to the koa, so is the length of the line. Forty hooks are attached to a line when letting down, some less, some more. A stone as large as a poi pounder is at the lowermost end, and from the stone to the [nearest] hook is a distance of one fathom. As the line hangs perpendicularly so the hooks hang, a yard from one hook to another, and so on till all the forty hooks are fastened. These hooks are called kaka, ulaula, koae, lehe, mokuleia. These are the fishes caught on the lower hooks, and on the uppermost hook are the kahala caught.

Muhee, opelu, and squid, are the baits for the kahala fish when the line is let down for the fish to eat. The shaking of the line indicates the biting of the kahala. In this method of fishing, landmarks are necessary to properly identify the station. It could not be found merely by seeking without certain objects on land. The landmarks to be looked for are as follows: Hapuu is the most noted koa in the sea of Alenuihaha, north of Kohala, Hawaii. Hukiaa is the land to which this station belongs, and there is a wide extent from the land to this koa of Hapuu, about three miles distant perhaps. It is over five times forty fathoms in depth. [222]

The landmark to be looked for is Hapuu, in the lowlands of Halawa, which is six miles distant. It is a temple, built by Kamehameha, called “House of Kaili.” The mark to be looked for in the uplands is Puuiki, a toboggan slide, which is Upolo, west of Hukiaa. When these come in line, the fishing ground (koa) is located, and that is the only proper mode of fishing for the kahala.

12. Kakauhu. A narrow net not deep, a fathom long, four sticks, the opening being rectangular in shape. An uhu, a live one, is used as a decoy to ensnare the stranger uhu. [223] It is kept secured by a line, and when it becomes tamed the net is cast. That is the way this fish is caught.

13. Maomao [224] fishing. The maomao net is three fathoms long. Lobster is the bait for the maomao, and sometimes pohue is used. The pohue bait is a piece of bitter calabash, made in a circular shape and blackened in the fire, and tied to the opening of the net, thus: there are four sticks encircling the mouth [of the net], and on this mouth the pieces of pohue are placed, floating on the sea. The maomao on seeing the pohue floating takes it for bait and is thus ensnared.

14. Long loose net. It has a circular mouth, and across the center of the net is a string to which the bait is fastened. In the bottom of the net is a stone which holds it down, thus is this method of fishing.

15. Kala basket fishing. Basket is its net, plaited as the basket in the basket fishing. Kala [225] is a nourished fish, fed with sea-weed, with taro and with squash. This continues until the fish fattens, then a basket with food is let down. After the fish have become accustomed to the treatment the catching net is let down. That is the method of its catching.

16. Of the ahi. Four hundred fathoms is the length of the line. Large hooks are required, with aku and opelu as bait. A nice flat stone is used as a sinker and when two times forty fathoms of line have been payed out into the deep, it is pulled up, then the weight drops and the ahi is caught by the hook. Then the fish dives carrying many forty lengths with it. The ahi [226] is a very ferocious and powerful fish, and of prolonged vitality. The ahi will bear away three times before it dies. It has a very large body, fat and full of meat. Its meat is like that of a pig in thickness.

17. Opelu fishing. The net is six fathoms long, with squash as bait.

18. The holahola [227] (poison) net. Here is the method: Surround the fish hole with the net, then scatter the poison, thus killing the fishes.

19. The iao. A nae net is used for its catching, a very fine-meshed net. It is exactly two fathoms long. Here is the description: [the net] two fathoms; two men to handle it, the beaters coming towards the front of the net. Two kinds of fish are caught with this net, the iao [228] and the nehu. [229]

20. The aku. [230] A fishing pole is used for securing this fish, with iao as bait. The iao is a decoy, it allures the aku then the hook and line is thrown whereby the aku is secured.

21. The kolo net. This net is made of very strong-fibered rushes, four times forty fathoms long, and three fathoms in height. Many people are required to draw it, some in canoes and some on dry land.

OF NIGHT FISHING.

1. Ku kaula. The catch is the ulua, [231] the kahala, and so forth. The line and sinker is let down, the line being forty fathoms long. Flying-fish, lobster, lelepo and so forth are used for bait. In the afternoon [the fisherman] sets sail, arriving [at the fishing grounds] in the evening. When the weight is let down it is dark; the ulua and other fish are caught during the night.

2. Kapapa ulua. The canoe is paddled along, at the same time making a noise by striking the paddles against the canoe. The ulua hears it and follows the canoe, then the line and hook is payed out and the ulua is caught.

3. Welea. [232] The line is nine fathoms long, with a hook; hinalea, aawa, moano [233] and so forth being its bait.

4. Aweoweo. [234] Its fish line is six fathoms long, with a hook; paoo being its bait.

5. Shark fishing. It is an entangling, large net, forty fathoms long and four fathoms high. Many sharks are caught in this net.

6. The awa net. This net is called mahae, the meaning thereof being four fingers in a bunch may be run through a mesh. It is three times forty fathoms long and three fathoms high. Encircling is the method applied in this kind of fishing, with a canoe at either end and moving in a circle until the fish which collect at one place are caught, because it is the habit of this fish, the awa, [235] to eat sea moss together at the same place; and while feeding indifferently on sea moss was the time of its being surrounded. The awa is a large fish, its body being a muku (four and a half feet), or a yard, and so on in length.

7. The thrashing net. Four times forty fathoms is the length of this net and six yards high. Its method of fishing is to place the net mainly in a straight line, but curving at one end. The reason for that is, that when the fish is going parallel to the net on turning back they will be caught at that place. One man splashes the sea from the front with the paddle, to stir the sea and scare the fish. Many fishes may be caught in this net.

8. The alihilele net. It is six fathoms long, with leaves on either. Two men are engaged with the net. Large mullet are the fish caught in this net.

9. Ani net. It is ten fathoms long, two men being employed, the feet being the splash, hence the name ani. Mullet, weke, oama, uouoa are the fishes caught.

10. Ohua palemo net. It is one fathom in length; ten men are employed in fishing with this net. The ohua and the akilolo [236] are the fishes of this net. [237]

This is the end of the narrative on nets and fishes. [238] But one thing more: about endurance men in ocean diving and fishing. They are very famous until this day, and there are records about them which are preserved with this people.

HE MOOLELO NO KA LAWAIA.

He Mau akua ko ka lawaia, mai ka hoomaka ana o ka lawaia a hiki i keia la, mai ka poe lawaia mua a ka poe lawaia o keia mau la, a ke malama nei no na lawaia o keia mau la, i pono no ka lakou hana. Eia na inoa o na akua lawaia: O Kuula ke kane, o Hina ka wahine, o Aiai ke keiki; o Alea, ma Hana, Maui, ka aina noho. I loko o ia kau e alii ana o Kahoalii no Hana, a o kona wahi noho, o ka puu o Kauiki, a o kana mau lawaia, o Kuula ma. Hoouna aku la o Kahoalii i kona mau kahu e kii i ia; pela no ka hana mau ana a ke ’lii a hiki i kona huhu ana i na lawaia.

I ka hele ana aku a na kahu i mua o Kuula a me Hina, haawi mai la laua i ka ia he kahala. A olelo mai laua me ka pololei i na kahu penei: “E hoi olua a ke ’lii olelo aku, e kaha ka ia, e kopi ka io, e kalua ka iwi i ka umu, a moa, ai, no ka mea, he au-pehu.”

E kai e Kama,
Ka ia o lanakila,
Eia o Hana la,
He aina au pehu.

Oia na olelo a na lawaia, i na kahu o Kahoalii. A hiki na kahu i mua o ke ’lii, o Kahoalii, olelo aku la me ka hoopunipuni, a me ka epa. Eia ka olelo a na kahu: “Olelo mai nei au lawaia, e kopi ko io, e hoolua ko poo a me ko iwi i ka umu.”

I ka lohe ana o ke ’lii i keia mau olelo epa a kona mau kahu, huhu iho la ia, a kena aku la e make na lawaia, oia o Kuula a me Hina. Hele aku la na kanaka ma ke kauoha a ke ’lii, e puhi i ka hale o Kuula i ke ahi. Eia nae, he ano akua ko Kuula a me Hina, a ua lohe no i keia make o lakou i ke ’lii. Nolaila, hoomakaukau iho la ia i ekolu uli-liilii, (oia he ipu liilii) i mea hoopahu i ke ahi, i ole lakou e make.

O Kuula, o Hina, o Aiai, i loko no lakou o ka hale. Puhia ka hale i ke ahi, pani ia na puka a paa o ka hale. Nolaila, olelo aku o Kuula i ke keiki: “E! o oe ke ola, o maua ke make. Ina i moe ka uwahi o ke ahi ma uka, malaila oe e hele ai a kahi e noho ai, o maua hoi, e hoi maua i loko o ke kai e noho ai.”

I ka wa i a ai ke ahi a puni o waho o ka hale, moe aku la ka uwahi ma aku. Hele aku la o Aiai a noho i ke ana, he wahi e aku, a o na makua hoi, hoi aku la laua ma ka uwahi e moe ana i loko o ke kai, a loko o ka moana noho. O na uliuli ekolu i hoomakaukau ia ai, oia ka mea i poha i loko o ke ahi, a manao iho la ke ’lii ua make o Kuula ma i ke ahi, ma ke pahu ana o keia mau mea.

Ma keia hele ana o Kuula a me Hina, Aiai, ua lawe ia na ia a pau loa, aohe ia koe o ke kai a me ka moana, e pili ana me Hana. Aole loaa iki ka ia i na lawaia a Kahoalii, no ka mea, he kino ia o Kuula a me Hina.

O Aiai hoi, hele aku la ia a he wahi ana i ke kipapali kahi i pili ai. Malaila oia i noho pio ai a loaa ia Pilihawawa. Lawe aikane ia e ia a hiki i kona hale, noho iho la laua. Mahope o keia noho ana he mahiai ka laua hana, a loaa ka ai, aohe ia. Olelo aku o Aiai i ke aikane, e ulana hinai hooluuluu hinalea. Ulana iho la laua a paa, iho aku la laua a hiki i kaheka kai, kukulu iho la i ka hinai, a kahea aku la o Aiai i ka ia i na makua:

E Kuula a me Hina
E hookomo mai olua i ka ia.
O ka pua hinalea, a me ka opule.

I aku o Hina ia Kuula: “E haawi ae oe i ia na ka kaua keiki.” I loko o keia wa e ku ana ka hinai, ua komo ka ia a hu i waho, ua piha loa i ka ia. Nolaila, ohi ae la ke aikane o Pilihawawa i ka ia a waiho i ke one maloo. Hoouna mai la no o Kuula i ka nalu, popoi iho la no pau loa ka ia i ka moana. O na ia i malama ia i loko o ka ipu koe. Pela ke ano o ka lawaia ana a me ka hoomaka ana o ka poe lawaia a hiki i keia la. He pohaku maoli o Hina e waiho nei a hiki i keia la, a he mau ia kona, eia na inoa: O ke aku, o ke akule, o ka oio, o ka moi, o ke au, o ka manini.

Pela no o Kuula a me Aiai, he mau pohaku ia no, a he mau kapu no ko lakou a hiki i keia la. He kapu na mea ulaula ia Kuula, oia ka puakai, ka pukohukohu, kela mea ula keia mea ula, a pela aku no. Nolaila, ma o Kuula ala i laha ai na lawaia a pau loa a me na ia ma keia mau mokupuni; a no loko mai o laila na kumu o ka lawaia.

He nui ke ano a me na mahele ana o ka lawaia, he okoa ko ka papau, he okoa ko ka hohonu, he okoa ko na koa o ka moana loa. He nui no hoi na mahele e make ai ka ia maloko o ka lawaia, he okoa ko ka po i ko ke ao, o ke kakahiaka i ke ahiahi; he hahamau, he iniiniki, he kikomo, he kamakoi, he kiolaola, he hoauau, he hooluuluu, he o, he moemoe, he lawaia waa, he upena, he hiaku, he kapae, he kaka uhu, he luhee, a pela aku; he maunu, he makau, he aho, he makoi, he pohaku, he laau, a pela aku no.

He loli na kau e lawaia ai i loko o ka makahiki, aohe mau ma ka manawa hookahi, he mau hoailona kekahi e maopopo ai ka wa kupono e lawaia ai, aole e lawaia me ka maopopo ole mamua. He kapu kekahi lawaia ana, a he noa kekahi; hookahi kanaka e lawaia ai, a he nui ma kekahi lawaia ana; he waa kekahi he waa ole kekahi.

KA LAWAIA A ME NA IA.—NA LAWAIA O KA MALOO.

1. Hahamau. I ka po mahina e lawaia ai. Ina puka ka mahina, kai make ke kai, alaila, hele na wahine e lawaia ma uka ma ka pa ala a ma kaheka, a me na papa holo a ka nalu. O keia lawaia, he haha me na lima, he pupuu na manamana, eia na ia e loaa: heepali, olali, hou, awela, niholoa, mananalo, paolakei, paokauwila, paoluahine.

2. Holoholo. He lawaia mauka me ka upena e holoholo ai, o ka inoa o ia upena, holoholo. Elua anana ka loa o ka laau, me ka upena ma ke poo i haku poepoe ia i ka laau, olu ke hoopio ae. He alahee ka inoa. O kahi e mio ana ke kai o ke kaheka, oia kahi e kuu ai ka upena. Hookahi kanaka me ka upena, hookahi ma ke kapeku i ka ia. Na ia e loaa. He uhu, he kala, he uwouwoa, he manini, he nenue.

3. He upena kukulu aloiloi. Aohe wahi kuu ole, ua pono keia i kahi hohonu a me ka papau. I uka no e ku ai lawaia, hoolei aku ka upena. Eia na ia o keia upena: He aloiloi, hinalea, lauhau.

4. Ka inikiiniki puhi. Penei ke ano: I ka lima ka lawaia ana, i ka lima akau ka maunu, i ka lima hema ka iniki. Eia na maunu: Aama, paiea, heepali. O kahi e lawaia ai, o ka pa ala uliuli, e like me ko Kohala ano. Malaila e lawaia ai i ka wa hohonu a kaikoo o ke kai. O ka ia e loaa; o ka puhi wale no.

5. O ke kikomo. He makau i kau ia ma ke poo o kekahi laau pokole, hookahi anana ka loa. O kahi e lawaia ai, o ka mawae o ka ala. He puhi no ka ia e loaa.

6. Ke kamakoi. Ekolu anana ka loa o ke kamakoi (he laau) ohe, a he hau. Ekolu no hoi anana ka loa o ke aho, he aama, he ina, he pea, he heepali, ka maunu. O kahi e lawaia ai, he lae, he wahi e ae no hoi e kupono ana. Na ia e loaa i keia lawaia ana: He uhu, he halahala, he hou, he aawa, he oopukai, he hinalea, he aniholoa, he awela.

7. Kaee. He nae ka upena, he upena makalii loa, ma ke kaheka e lawaia ai. O na ia liilii a pau loa ka ia upena e ohi ai. Eia na inoa: Ohua, paoo, aholehole, pua manini, a pela aku no.

8. Hinai. He mea i ulana ia e like me ka noho ie, a hamama ka waha i luna, hookahi kapuai ke kiekie, “He wana, he ina, he haukeuke, o ia na maunu.” O kona wahi e lawaia ai, malalo o ke kai, ma kahi pukoakoa, ma kahi papa, ma kahi pa ala. Kukulu ka hinai, au ke kanaka ma kahi e, a komo ka ia, kii aku ke kanaka. Eia ka ia, he hinalea wale no, aohe ia e ae.

9. Hinai puka nui. He hinai nui, elua kapuai ke kiekie, no ka hohonu ia, eia na ia: He panuhunuhu, he halahala, he uhu.

10. Upena uluulu. Elua laau, he iwilei ka loa, he iwilei no ka laula o ka upena. O kahi e lawaia ai, i loko no o ke kai, he lua kahi o na ia e noho ai, malaila keia upena. Hookahi kanaka me ka upena ma kekahi aoao o ka lua, hookahi kanaka me ka pula e oo ai i ka lua, i holo mai na ia, a komo i ka upena; o na ia e loaa, o ke kumu, ka uhu, a pela aku.

11. Ka upena kai. O keia upena, ua kapa ia e na lawaia ka waha o ka mano. O ka upena uluulu hoi he opu no ka mano, o ka hinai hinalea, he maka no ka mano. O keia mau lawaia he pau i ka mano, nolaila, olelo ia pela. O kahi e ku ai o ka upena, o lalo o ka hohonu, luu a lalo, ohi ae ke “a” a kaawale, kukulu iho ka upena, alaila komo ka ia.

12. Ke o. He laau loihi, ekolu iwilei ka loa, he hao winiwini oioi loa, hookahi hai lima ka loa. O keia lawaia, aohe pono i ka poe ike ole i ka luu, aia wale no o ka poe aho loa i ka luu ana a me ke o. Luu a lalo noho, o ke ano o ka noho ana, he kaomi kahi lima i lalo, hookahi lima i ke o. Nana o ka ia holo ae, a ike, ia wa e o ai. O na ia a pau loa o ka moana. O ka loihi o ka noho ana i lalo, he hapa hora paha. Ina halawai me ka mano, hookahi hora okoa e noho ai i lalo o ka hohonu, kupanaha maoli.

13. Upena kuu. He upena nui no ia, he 18 anana ka loa, ehiku iwilei ka laula. He upena au ia ma ke kai, elua kanaka ia ia ka upena, eha kanaka kapeku i ka ia.

14. He upena hulihuli. Lawe aku la a loko o ke kai kukulu, huli i ke aa, alaila, holo mai a komo i loko o ka upena.

15. He upena pakuikui. Ma kai ka upena e au ai o ke kai me ke kanaka. Mauka kekahi me ka laau e pakuikui ai. No neia koele holo ka ia a komo i ka upena.

16. Ka o hee. Me ka laau e hele ai i loko o ke kai, e o ai i ka lua, alaila, make ka hee.

17. Ka upena honu. He kanaha anana ka loa, eha anana ka laula, he umi kanaka ka pono o keia upena, alaila, make ka honu. Aia nae a ike ia ka honu e lana ana maluna o ke kai, alaila, kuu ka upena. Mai ke kahi o na honu a ka elima honu, alaila pau i ka hei i ka upena. O keia mau lawaia a pau, maloko o ke kai e luu ai me ke kino maoli, aohe waa. O ka pau keia o na lawaia a pau loa i loko o ke kai, koe na lawaia ma ka waa.

NO KA LAWAIA WAA.

1. Luhee. He leho ka maunu a me ka pohaku, he mau kala mahope o na leho, ua hoopio ia a kekee, oia ka mea e make ai ka hee. O ka leho a me ka pohaku ua like loa laua, aole e ai ka hee ke like ole ka pohaku me ka leho. Malalo ka pohaku maluna ka leho. Ua kalai ia ka pohaku a like loa me ka leho; he onionio ka leho, he onionio ka pohaku, pela no na ano a pau loa. Ina maikai ka pohaku me ka leho, a like loa, alaila, hahai ka hee. O ke kanaka hoi o luna o ka waa, he lulu i ke aho, i oni ka leho me ka pohaku, alaila, hahai ka hee e puliki. Ina he leho ai, alaila, hiki ka nui o na hee i ka kanaha, a emi mai.

2. Okilo hee. He hee no ka ia, he kakala a me ka pohaku, ua hoopili ia i ka maunu, oia kona mea e make ai. I ka wa e lawaia ai, mama ke kukui a pupuhi i ke kai i malino, a ike ia o lalo, a ike ia ka hee, alaila, kuu iho ke kakala. He nui na ano o keia ia o ka hee, a he nui kona mau kino ke hoololi mai, a oia ke kumu i puhi ia ai ke kukui i malino ke kai, a maopopo ka hee. Eia na ano o ka hee, a me na manawa: I ke kakahiaka, he ulu ke ano, pela ka ili. A awakea ae, he ula. Aui ka la, eleele ano limu kala. A ahiahi, ano eleele, pukoa. O na hee a pau loa, mai ka hee nui a ka hee liilii, pela ke ano. Nolaila, pono ole ka poe ao ole ia i ka okilo hee.

3. Ka lau. He umikumamaha anana ka loa o keia upena, elua ano o keia upena. Ina umi-kumamaha anana ka loa o ka upena, he lau lele ka lau. Eia ke ano, he ekolu lau anana ka loa o ke kaula pua i ka laki. Ina eiwa anana ka loa o ka upena, eono kanaha ka loa o ka lau. He lau maloo o ka laki ka lau, he ilihau ke kaula. Ua hana ia keia mea, i mea e makau ai na ia o ke kai. O ka lawaia ana, maluna o na waa ka laki me ka upena, elua waa. Mauka ka nui o na kanaka e huki ai i ka laki. Ma ka waa kekahi. Pela no e a ai i ka ia a kahi maikai, kuu ka upena. He nui loa na ia e make i loko o keia upena lawaia.

4. Upena kawaa. He upena nui ia, ekolu upena o keia lawaia, he iwakalua anana ka loa o ka upena hookahi, pela na upena ekolu. Ekolu waa, hookahi waa pohaku elua waa upena. Kuu kekahi waa, a pela kekahi waa, alaila, wehe na waa a holo i uka, me ke kiola o na pohaku nui i lalo. Ma keia hana ana ua make na ia he nui.

5. Upena waha nui. He pula ko keia, eia ke ano, he iwakalua anana ka loa o ke kaula, he lauhala me ka akia ka pula. He kapuai ke akea mai kekahi pula a kekahi pula, he kanaha ka nui o na pula, a he oi loa aku kekahi. O keia mea i hana ia ai i holo ka ia i kahi o ka upena. Ma keia upena a ka lawaia, ua ike ia ko ke kanaka noonoo. Ua lawe mua ia ka upena a kahi ino, kahi o na ia e noho nui ai, alaila, waiho ka upena. Ia wa e au ai ka pula, a ike na ia i ka pula, alaila, holo i kahi ino. Ia wa, pau lakou i ka hei i ka upena.

6. Upena hoolewalewa. Ekolu waa o keia upena, hookahi waa lawaia, elua waa upena. I kekahi waa ka eke, oia ka waa akau, a o kekahi waa hoi, he waa hema. O ka eke ma waena, oia ka opu o ka upena, he huina ia o na upena a elua. A ma ka waha o na upena pa e luu ai ke kanaka, a mawaena hoi, alaila, holo ka ia a komo loa i loko o ke eke, pela e make ai.

7. Upena pakuikui. O kela upena hookahi no, he eke, aka, he okoa na hana, he laau loihi, eha anana ka loa. A paa ka upena i kahi i kukulu ia ai, maua, o na laau ilalo o ke kai, makau holo i loko o ka upena, me ka hele huhu ikaika loa, pela ke ano o keia lawaia ana.

8. Upena malolo. He upena nui keia, he umi kumamawalu anana ka loa, eono anana ke kiekie. He umi kumamalua anana ka loa o ka waha, he upena makalii keia. Eia na inoa i loko o keia upena. He nukunuku a ula, he makahi, he makalua, he makolu. He nui loa na waa o keia upena, he kanakolu i kekahi wa hookahi waa upena, a i kekahi wa elima waa upena, a pela aku. O ka waa upena mamua e hoe ai, eono kanaka o luna; ua kapa ia ka poe hoewaa, “he pahoe malolo.” He hoe like na waa i ka hoopuni ana, me ka emi ole i hope o kekahi waa, a kokoke i ka upena, alaila, hoemi na waa i hope, alaila huki ka waha o ka upena, pela kona lawaia ana. Elua waa ia, he waa pokii, he waa hiapo. O ka waa pokii, oia ko ka mea upena, o ka waa hiapo, oia ko ka pahoe. O na ia helu, na ka wahine a ka mea upena. I luna o ka waa upena, ekolu mahele: He pale hope, mahope o ka waa; he pale ihu mamua o ka waa; he honua ma waena. He mau kanaka okoa no keia, he mahele nae ka ia me ka mea upena.

9. Ke kapae. I loko o ka wa makani keia lawaia ana. He malolo ka ia, o ka loihi o ke aho he iwakalua-kumamahiku anana ka loa. He makau ko keia ia, he ula ka maunu, he io malolo. O ka makani ka mea nana e lawe keia me ke au pu, o keia ia o ka malolo, he ia lana i luna o ke kai, a pela ke aho ka lana i luna, pela e make ai keia ia. He kanakolu malolo o keia lawaia e loaa a emi mai no hoi.

10. Koheoheo. He laau wiliwili ke koheoheo, a he malolo ola no hoi. Elima anana ka loa o keia aho. O keia hana he hoowalewale i ka mahimahi, a hae ka mahimahi, alaila kuu ke aho me ka makau. A ai ka ia, alaila pau ka hoe ana o ka waa. He ia hae ka mahimahi ke paa i ka makau, he ia ahai, a he ia puoho e lele ai i luna. He anana a puehu ka ia nui, a he muku ka ia liilii. He lapalapa ka ia nui, a he ao kekahi, he iwilei ka palahalaha mai ka lae a ka waha. Eia na inoa o ka mahimahi: He lapalapa, he ao, papaohe. O ka ai a keia ia o ka mahimahi, o ka malolo, o ka lelepo, o ke puhikii.

11. Lawaia kahala. Elima kaau anana ka loa o ke aho, he nui ke aho o keia ia, a pela no ka makau, a o kahi noho o keia ia he “koa.” Aole e noho keia ia ma na wahi e ae o ke kai, aia wale no ma ke koa. No ke koa. He wahi ahua i lalo o ka moana, he okoa ka hohonu, he okoa keia. He ahua waiho wale, aole nae i ike pono ia e na lawaia, aka, ma ke kuu ana i na makau, a me ke aho i maopopo ai he maikai ke koa, aohe mau o ka makau.

He wahi lealea nui loa ia ke koa e na kahala a pau loa. Ua like ka nui o ke koa me kekahi kulanakauhale uuku, e ku ana na hale me ka mumulu o na kanaka. E like me ka hohonu o ke koa, pela ka loihi o ke aho. He kanaha makau o ke aho hookahi ke kuu, a he emi mai kekahi, a he oi aku kekahi. He pohaku ma ka pikoi o lalo loa, ua like ka nui me ka pohaku kui poi, mai ka pohaku a ka makau hookahi anana ke akea. E like me ka pii pololei ana o ke aho i luna, pela ka makau e kau ai, he iwilei ke kowa mai kekahi makau a kekahi makau, pela no e pii ai a pau na makau he kanaha. O ka inoa o keia mau makau, he kaka, he ulaula, he koae, he lehe, he mokuleia, oia ka ia o na makau malalo. Ka makau o luna loa, he kahala ka ia.

He muhee, he opelu, he hee ka maunu o ke kahala i ka wa e kuu ia ai o ke aho a ai ka ia. Ma ka oni o ke aho e ike ia ai ua ai ke kahala. He maka ko keia lawaia, e pono ai ke hana; aole e loaa wale ke koa ke huli me na hoike ole ma ka aina. Aia a loaa na hoike penei: O Hapuu, he koa kaulana loa, aia ma ka akau o Kohala i Hawaii, ma ke kai o Alenuihaha. O Hukiaa, ka aina nona ua koa nei, ua akea loa mai ka aina o uka, a ke koa o Hapuu, ekolu mile paha ka loa. Elima kaau anana a helelei aku kona hohonu, (o ke ano o ke kaau a me ka helelei,) he kanaha anana i ke kaau, helelei, he mau anana keu mawaho o ka umi, a pela aku.

O ka maka o uka e nana ai, o Hapuu i kai o Halawa. Eono mile ka loa. He heiau ia na Kamehameha, o Hale o Kaili. O ka honua o uka e nana ai, o Puuiki, he holua, aia i Upolu ma ke komohana o Hukiaa. A kupono keia mau mea, alaila, loaa ke koa e lawaia ai, a pela wale no e pololei ai ka lawaia ana o ke kahala.

12. Kakauhu. He upena pananai, aohe hohonu, he anana ka loa, eha laau, he huinaha ke ano o ka waha. O kekahi uhu no ka maunu, he uhu ola, he uhu hoowalewale i ka uhu malihini. Ua hana ia i ke aho a paa, aia a laka ia uhu, alaila, kuu ka upena. Pela e make ai ia ia.

13. Lawaia maomao. Ekolu anana ka loa o ka upena maomao. He ula ka maunu o ka maomao, he pohue kekahi. No ka maunu pohue, oia ka apana ipu awaawa i hana ia a poepoe, kunikuni ia a eleele i ke ahi, e kau ana ma ka hanai o ka upena. Eia ke ano, eha laau ma ka waha a puni, a ma ia waha e kau ai na apana pohue me ke kilepalepa i ke kai. Ma ka ike ana o ka maomao i keia hana a ke pohue, kuhi oia he maunu, pela kona hei ana.

14. He upena luelue. He poepoe kona waha a puni, ma waena ka piko o ka upena, e paa ai ke aho, a malaila no ka maunu. Malalo o ka okole o ka upena ka pohaku, oia ka mea nana e kaohi ka upena i lalo; pela kona lawaia ana.

15. Hinai pai kala. He ie kona upena, ua ulana ia a me he hinai hooluuluu la. He ia hanai ia ke kala, i ka limu kala, i ka ai, i ka ipu pu. Pela no e hanai ai a momona, alaila kuu ka hinai me ka ai no. A walea, alaila, kuu ka hinai e make ai ke kala, pela kona lawaia ana.

16. No ke ahi. Hookahi lau anana ka loa o ke aho, he makau nunui kona, he aku, he opelu ka maunu. He pohaku maikai palahalaha ka paka, elua kaau anana o ke aho e komo i ka hohonu, alaila huki, ia wa haule ka paka, a make ke ahi i ka makau. Ia wa, ahai ka ia i lalo, nui loa na kaau e lilo i ka huki ia e ka ia. He ia huhu a ikaika loa ke ahi, he ia ola loihi, ekolu ahai ana, alaila, make ke ahi. He nui loa kona kino, he ia momona, a he ia io nui. Ua like kona io me ko ka puaa ka manoanoa.

17. He aei opelu. Eono anana ka loa o ka upena, he palaaipu kona maunu.

18. He upena holahola. Penei ke ano, he pa i ka lua ia ka upena a puni, alaila, hola i ka auhuhu, pela e make ai na ia.

19. He iao. He nae kona upena, he upena makalii loa, he lua paa ka loa. Eia ke ano, elua anana; elua kanaka o ia upena, o na pai mai mamua o ka upena, elua ia o keia upena, he iao, he nehu.

20. Ke aku. He makoi ko keia ia, he iao ka maunu. (He mea hooluuluu ka iao.) Nana e hoowalewale ke aku, alaila, kuu i ka makau me ke aho, alaila, make ke aku.

21. Upena kolo. He ahu awa ka upena, eha kaau anana ka loa, ekolu anana ke kiekie, he nui na kanaka ke huki, ma ka waa kekahi, ma kahi maloo kekahi.

NO KA LAWAIA PO.

1. Ku kaula. He ulua ka ia, he kahala, a pela aku no. He paka a me ke aho ka mea e kuu ai, hookahi kaau anana ka loa o ke aho, he malolo ka maunu, he ula, he lelepo, a pela aku no. Aia a aui ka la, holo, a ahiahi hiki. Kuu ka paka, poeleele, ai ka ulua a me na ia e ae, pela a ao ka po.

2. He kapapa ulua. Hoe ka waa, me ka hookoele i ka hoe i ka waa. Lohe ka ulua, hahai i ka waa. Ia wa, kuu ke aho me ka makau, make ka ulua.

3. Welea. Eiwa anana ka loa o ke aho, he makau kona, he hinalea, he aawa, he moano, a pela aku, kona maunu.

4. Aweoweo. He eono anana kona aho ka loihi, he makau no, a he paoo ka maunu.

5. Lawaia mano. He hihi kona upena, he upena nui, he kanaha anana ka loa, eha anana ke kiekie. He nui na mano e make i keia upena.