Chapter XII

THE PROGRESS OF THE NATION DURING THE REIGNS OF GEORGE IV.
AND WILLIAM IV.

Increase of Population--Nature of its Employment--Wealth
of the Nation--The Cotton Trade--Hosiery--The Silk and
Woollen Trades--Linen Goods--Minerals and Coal--Hardware and
Cutlery--Roads--Railways--Steamboats--The Coasting Trade--Traffic
between England and Ireland--Imports and Exports--Coffee and
Tea--The Revenue--Houses and Carriages--Real Property and
Savings-banks--Popular Education--Amelioration of Criminal
Legislation--Effect of Education on Crime--The Religious
Bodies--The Irvingites--Religious Leaders in England, Scotland,
and Ireland--Progress of Science--Mathematicians--Astronomers:
Herschel and Lord Rosse--Discoveries in Light by Brewster and
others--Irish Men of Science--Mrs. Somerville, Wheatstone,
Daguerre, and Fox Talbot--Cavendish and Dalton--Mechanicians:
Sir Marc Brunel--Babbage--The Fine Arts: Turner--Lawrence and
Wilkie--Haydon--Sculpture--Architects: Soane, Barry, and the
Pugins--Historians: Mackintosh, Lingard, and Hallam--Napier
and Gurwood--Biographers: Moore and Lockhart--Miscellaneous
Writers--Cheap Literature--Sir Walter Scott--Lady Blessington
and Lady Morgan--Mrs. Hemans--L. E. L.--Pollok--Professor Wilson
("Christopher North")--Sheridan Knowles and Bulwer Lytton--Manners
and Morals--Almack's--Other Amusements--English Cookery--Hyde
Park--Male and Female Costume 416