Chapter IX: Part 9

‘that in cutting down some timber in Birkland and Billagh, in
Sherwood Forest, letters have been found cut or stamped in the body
of the trees, denoting the king’s reign in which they were so marked.
The cyphers were of the reign of James I., of William and Mary, and
one of King John. The mark of John was eighteen inches within the
tree, and something more than a foot from the centre; it was cut down
in 1791. But the middle year of John’s reign was 1207, from which, if
we subtract 120--the number of years requisite for a tree of two feet
in diameter to arrive at that growth--it will make the date of its
planting 1085, or about twenty years after the Conquest.’

J. T. F. in the same issue of _Notes and Queries_ tells us:

‘that a bit of oak bearing the two Roman letters I.R., was given to
his grandfather, William Fowler, of Winterton, some sixty years ago,
by a gentleman in the neighbourhood of Newark. The letters, which are
a little over an inch in height, are cut or branded directly across
the grain of the wood. Attached to the fragment is a label inscribed
as follows:--

‘This piece of wood was found in an Oak tree, 15 inches below the
bark, and contained the Initials of King John, who died at Newark 600
years ago.’

_Aylmer’s Field._

JOHN.

St. John the Evangelist. Columbus considered the words in the Book of Revelation, chap. i, verse 1, referred to him.

_Columbus._

JOHN.

Let them go.
They go like those old Pharisees in John
Convicted by their conscience, arrant cowards,

= The Gospel of St. John.

_Queen Mary._

JOHN.

Prince John, afterwards king of England.

_The Foresters._

JOHN. JOHN OF OXFORD.

Bishop of Norwich; president of the Council of Clarendon in 1164; in November of the same year--after Becket’s flight--was sent with other bishops, to the French king requesting that he would not receive the archbishop. In 1166 Becket while at Veselay formally excommunicated him, but he obtained absolution from Alexander III. In 1175 he was appointed bishop of Norwich by Henry II. His latter years appear to have been spent in retirement. He died in 1200.

_Becket._

JOHN. JOHN OF SALISBURY.

Bishop of Chartres; secretary to archbishop Theobald for some years; fell into disgrace with Henry II and appealed to Becket to intercede for him; left England in 1164 but returned in 1170 after Becket’s interview with Henry at Freteval. Was in the company of Becket when the four knights made their appearance in Canterbury Cathedral, and advised Becket to be prudent in his dealings with them; when the actual attack began he fled and hid himself. After the murder he supported the inclusion of Becket’s name in the calendar of martyrs and wrote a biography of him with a view of securing his canonization. In 1176 he was appointed bishop of Chartres. He died on October 25, 1179, and was buried in the monastery of Josaphat.

_Becket._

JOHN (Prester).

_See_ =Prester John=.

JOHN, ST.

_See_ =St. John=.

JOHN THE SWEARER.

_See_ =John of Oxford=.

JONAH.

‘I am the Jonah, the crew should cast me into the deep,

_The Wreck._

JONAH.

I had liefer that the fish had swallowed me,
Like Jonah, than have known there were such devils.

_Harold._

JONAH’S GOURD.

In us true growth, in her a Jonah’s gourd,
Up in one night and due to sudden sun:

_See Jonah iv. 6._

_The Princess._

JOSEPH.

of Arimathæa. The story is that after Joseph of Arimathæa had begged the body of Christ he followed Philip to Gaul as a preacher, and being sent across the Channel to carry the gospel into Britain landed with his boat at Glastonbury.

And finds himself descended from the Saint
Arimathæan Joseph; him who first
Brought the great faith to Britain over seas;

Arviragus, a heathen king at that time welcomed Joseph and gave him land upon which to build a church, and he erected a wattle church on the site of St. Mary’s Chapel, Glastonbury, which is supposed to have been destroyed by fire about 1180.

‘From our old books I know
That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury,
And there the heathen Prince, Arviragus,
Gave him an isle of marsh whereon to build;
And there he built with wattles from the marsh
A little lonely church in days of yore,

Joseph brought with him from the land of Aromat the Holy Grail, the cup in which he is said to have caught some of the blood of Christ, as He hung upon the cross.

but now--the Quest,
This vision--hast thou seen the Holy Cup,
That Joseph brought of old to Glastonbury?

Upon landing he planted his pilgrim’s staff into the ground, which took root and grew into a Holy Thorn, which miraculously blossomed every old Christmas eve until it was cut down by a puritan soldier who was wounded in the act. A graft of the thorn is however supposed to exist.

the good saint
Arimathæan Joseph, journeying brought
To Glastonbury, where the winter thorn
Blossoms at Christmas, mindful of our Lord.

He is the reputed founder of Glastonbury Abbey--which includes in the north transept the Chapel of St. Mary (otherwise known as St. Joseph’s), and he is said to lie buried on a hill known as Chalice Hill.

_Balin and Balan_;
_Holy Grail_.

JOSHUA.

Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua’s moon in Ajalon!

The successor of Moses as the leader of the Israelites. In the valley of Ajalon, the scene of a battle between the Israelites and five Canaanitish kings, he commanded the sun and the moon to stand still. _Joshua x. 12._

_Locksley Hall._

JOSHUA.

What fame? I am not Raphaël, Titian--no,
Nor even a Sir Joshua, some will cry.

= Sir Joshua Reynolds, the English painter.

_Romney’s Remorse._

JUDAH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born:

_See Matthew ii._

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

JUDITH.

_See_ =Holofernes=.

_The Princess._

JUDITH.

But your Judith--but your worldling--_she_ had never driven me wild.

Judith was the woman who had jilted the grandson of the speaker.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

JULIAN.

Cousin and foster-brother of Camilla, for whom he conceived a silent love.

I did not speak: I could not speak my love.
Love lieth deep: Love dwells not in lip-depths.

When Camilla told him of her love for his friend Lionel his heart was broken and he lived a life of solitude. Camilla married Lionel, but died within the year. She was buried in an open coffin in the family vault, where she was visited by Julian who embraced her in death.

He rose and went, and entering the dim vault,
And, making there a sudden light, beheld
All round about him that which all will be.
The light was but a flash, and went again.
Then at the far end of the vault he saw
His lady with the moonlight on her face;
Her breast as in a shadow-prison, bars
Of black and bands of silver, which the moon
Struck from an open grating overhead
High in the wall, and all the rest of her
Drown’d in the gloom and horror of the vault.

As he held her to him, he felt her pulse beat, she was alive; and taking her into his arms carried her to her mother’s house, where immediately afterwards her child was born. Then Julian made a feast to which Lionel was invited. At the end of the feast, in accordance with a Persian custom which showed the guests the richest treasure of his host, he brought Camilla and the babe into the room. She was reunited to Lionel.

Then taking his dear lady by one hand,
And bearing on one arm the noble babe,
He slowly brought them both to Lionel.
And there the widower husband and dead wife
Rush’d each at each with a cry, that rather seem’d
For some new death than for a life renew’d;

And Julian, magnanimous at the spectacle of their happiness, without bidding farewell, rushed from the scene:

‘It is over: let us go’--
There were our horses ready at the doors--
We bad them no farewell, but mounting these
He past for ever from his native land;
And I with him, my Julian, back to mine.

_Lover’s Tale._

JULIET.

_Gardener’s Daughter._

JULIUS (the Third).

Pope of Rome from 1550 to 1555. As a cardinal he was one of the papal legates at the Council of Trent, and on being appointed pope sent cardinal Pole to England to arrange with Mary as to the best means of bringing the kingdom again in subjection to the papal see.

_Queen Mary._

JUMIÉGES.

_See_ =Robert of Jumiéges=.

JUNO.

In Italian mythology the wife of Jupiter and queen of heaven. Her temple at Rome, which was in the Capitol close to Jupiter, was one of the most ancient and venerated. As queen of the heavens, she presided over marriage, and particularly patronised the most faithful and virtuous of the sex, and severely punished lewdness in matrons. She was the goddess of power and empire, and is represented sitting on a throne with a diadem on her head and a golden sceptre in her right hand. In another form of worship she is represented as clad in a mantle of goat-skin, bearing a shield and an uplifted spear, and accompanied by a sacred serpent. In Greek mythology she was identified with Herè. Paris (_q.v._), the shepherd-prince of Troy, was appointed arbiter to decide which of the three goddesses (Juno, Pallas Athene and Venus) was the most beautiful, and to which should be awarded the golden apple, the prize of beauty. On appearing before Paris she made an attempt to bribe him, promising him sovereignty.

She to Paris made
Proffer of royal power, ample rule
Unquestion’d, overflowing revenue
Wherewith to embellish state, ‘from many a vale
And river-sunder’d champaign clothed with corn,
Or labour’d mine undrainable of ore.

* * * * *

Still she spake on and still she spake of power,
‘Which in all action is the end of all;
Power fitted to the season; wisdom-bred
And throned of wisdom--from all neighbour crowns
Alliance and allegiance, till thy hand
Fail from the sceptre-staff.’

Paris however decided in favour of Venus.

_A Character_;
_The Cup_.

JUPITER.

In Italian mythology the lord of heaven, identified with the Greek Zeus. His chief seat of worship was the Capitol at Rome, an earthenware image being enthroned in the temple, with a thunderbolt in his right hand. After existing for 400 years the temple was burnt down, but was rebuilt with increased magnificence in +B.C.+ 83. It was again destroyed by fire +A.D.+ 70, and scarcely had it been rebuilt by Vespasian when it was again burnt down +A.D.+ 80; but in +A.D.+ 82 Domitian erected a temple which stood as late as the ninth century.

_The Cup._

KALIFA.

Those cobras ever setting up their hoods--
One Alla! one Kalifa!

A title given to the successors of Mahomet.

_Akbar’s Dream._

KAPIOLANI.

A great chieftainess who lived in the Sandwich islands at the beginning of the eighteenth century. She won the cause of Christianity by openly defying the priests of the terrible goddess Peelè. In spite of their threats of vengeance she ascended the volcano Mauna-Loa, then clambered down over a bank of cinders 400 feet high to the great lake of fire (nine miles round)--Kilauēä--the home and haunt of the goddess, and flung into the boiling lava the consecrated berries which it was sacrilege for a woman to handle. _Poet’s Note._

_Kapiolani._

KARNAC.

Hong-Kong, Karnac, and all the rest.

= The temple of Karnac in Egypt.

_To Ulysses._

KATE.

Friend of a little girl Alice, who is to be ‘Queen of the May.’

_May Queen._

KATE.

A girl who according to the description given of her by the poet bears a very strong resemblance to Shakespeare’s Kate--the Shrew. She is described as woman-soldier.

My woman-soldier, gallant Kate,
As pure and true as blades of steel.

Her lover expresses a wish that he were an armed and far-famed knight. Then he thinks that Kate would accept his love:

Kate loves well the bold and fierce;
But none are bold enough for Kate,
She cannot find a fitting mate.

_Kate._

KATE.

An attendant on Maid Marian.

_The Foresters._

KATEKIN.

_Little John._ I have lodged my pretty Katekin in her bower.

_The Foresters._

KATIE WILLOWS.

Daughter and only child of Philip Willows, and born and bred amid country surroundings.

A daughter of our meadows, yet not coarse,
Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand;
Her eyes a bashful azure, and her hair
In gloss and hue the chestnut,

She was betrothed to James Willows, her cousin, with whom she quarrelled. James was supposed to be jealous of a certain Lawrence Aylmer, who afterwards engaged the attention of Katie’s father in conversation concerning the farm, so that she and James had an opportunity of making up their quarrel. Lawrence related how at the conclusion of his conversation with Philip, he

found the sun of sweet content
Re-risen in Katie’s eyes, and all things well.

_The Brook._

KATTY’S.

The name of the proprietor of a grog-shop.

_Tomorrow._

KAY.

A Knight of the Round Table; son of sir Ector and foster-brother of king Arthur. He was a rude and boastful knight, and delighted in giving nicknames. He called sir Brewnor the ‘Shocking Bad Coat’ and sir Gareth he nicknamed ‘Beaumains’ on account of his large hands.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Last Tournament_.

KEMBLE.

John Mitchel Kemble, Anglo-Saxon scholar; son of Charles Kemble. Editor of writings of the Anglo-Saxon period, his chief works being _Codex Diplomaticus aevi Saxonici_ and _The Saxons in England_. Made the acquaintance of Tennyson whilst at Cambridge and soon afterwards the poet visited him in London.

_To W. C. Macready._

KENDAL CHURCH.

Have I not met you somewhere long ago?
I am all but sure I have--in Kendal church--
O yes!

Kendal is a town in Westmorland.

_Romney’s Remorse._

KENT.

_Edwin Morris_;
_A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_.

KESTREL.

A small species of falcon allied to the sparrow-hawk.

_Boädicea._

KHAN.

A title of a Tartar sovereign or prince.

_Columbus._

KILAUĒÄ.

A lake of fire (nine miles round) in the island of Hawaii, the home of the goddess Peelè. It was into this lake that Kapiolani, the chieftainess of the Sandwich islands, defied the goddess by descending and flinging into the boiling lava the consecrated berries which it was sacrilege for a woman to handle.

_Kapiolani._

KINGCUP.

= The common buttercup.

_Queen Mary_;
_A Dirge_;
_City Child_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Progress of Spring_.

KINGSTON.

_Wyatt._ Be happy, I am your friend.
To Kingston, forward!

= Kingston-upon-Thames.

_Queen Mary._

KINGSTON BRIDGE.

we must round
By Kingston Bridge.

A bridge over the river Thames.

_Queen Mary._

KITE.

A rapacious bird of the hawk kind.

_Boädicea_;
_Promise of May_;
_Harold_.

KITTEN.

A young cat.

_Merlin and Vivien._

KNUT.

Or Athelstan, or English Ironside
Who fought with Knut, or Knut who coming Dane
Died English.

King of Denmark, Norway and England. After succeeding his father as king of Denmark he landed in England and was chosen king at Southampton. Edmund Ironside who had been elected king in 1016 on the death of Edward the Confessor however opposed him so bravely that an agreement was entered into at Olney, an island in the Severn, by which the kingdom was divided, but Edmund being assassinated a few weeks afterwards Knut obtained the whole of the kingdom. A famous story is told of him that seated in a chair on the seashore at Southampton he rebuked his flattering courtiers by showing to them how regardless the waves were of his kingly power, and bade them to remember that the Great Being only was the One whom the waters and winds obeyed. In 1027 he made a pilgrimage to Rome and founded the monasteries of St. Bennet at Holme, and St. Edmund’s Bury. He died at Shaftesbury and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. Knutsford (‘Canute’s ford’) a town in Cheshire is supposed to have derived its name from this king (995-1035).

_Harold._

KNYVETT.

_See_ =Antony, Antony Knyvett=.

KORAN.

The Mohammedan bible.

_Akbar’s Dream._

KRAKEN.

Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea,
His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep
The Kraken sleepeth:

A fabulous sea-monster, supposed to have been seen in the Norwegian seas.

_The Kraken._

KYPRIS.

Ay, and this Kypris also--

= Venus.

_Lucretius._

LABURNUM.

A small tree with beautiful flowers, a native of the Alps.

_In Memoriam._

LACTANTIUS.

Some cited Old Lactantius: could it be
That trees grew downward, rain fell upward, men
Walk’d like the fly on ceilings?

A Christian apologist in the fourteenth century.

_Columbus._

LADY-FERN.

A pretty British fern.

_Balin and Balan._

LADY OF SHALOTT.

A beautiful lady who dwelt in a castle on the island of Shalott.

On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And thro’ the field the road runs by
To many-tower’d Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.

In this castle she sat and sang, and wove a web of beautiful silk embroidery in many colours. In front of her hung a large mirror, through the medium of which she viewed the outside world, as a curse would fall upon her if she looked through the window.

There she weaves by night and day
A magic web with colours gay.
She has heard a whisper say,
A curse is on her if she stay
To look down to Camelot.
She knows not what the curse may be
And so she weaveth steadily,
And little other care hath she,
The Lady of Shalott.

One night a bride and bridegroom passed down the winding road to Camelot, and as they strolled along the road in the moonlight, and she saw the happiness that shone in their eyes, a longing sprang into her heart, and she cried out in a passionate voice: ‘I am half sick of shadows.’

Or when the moon was overheard,
Came two young lovers lately wed;
‘I am half sick of shadows,’ said
The Lady of Shalott.

Eventually on the path leading to Camelot came a figure of a knight. It was sir Lancelot, one of the Knights of the Table Round. On his shield was the figure of a red-cross knight kneeling to a fair lady.

A bow-shot from her bower-eaves,
He rode between the barley-sheaves,
The sun came dazzling thro’ the leaves,
And flamed upon the brazen greaves
Of bold Sir Lancelot.
A red-cross knight for ever kneel’d
To a lady in his shield,
That sparkled on the yellow field,
Beside remote Shalott.

As sir Lancelot approached the magic island, singing ‘Tirra lirra,’ his reflection fell on the magic mirror, and the lady who could no longer resist the temptation, leaned upon the sill of the window, and looked down to Camelot.

Immediately she did so, she heard a fearful crash, and looking behind her saw the magic mirror was cracked from side to side. ‘Alas, for my disobedience!’ she exclaimed, ‘the mirror is broken. The web has gone! The curse is upon me! Where shall I go, or what shall I do?’

She left the web, she left the loom,
She made three paces thro’ the room,
She saw the water-lily bloom,
She saw the helmet and the plume,
She look’d down to Camelot.
Out flew the web and floated wide;
The mirror crack’d from side to side;
‘The curse is come upon me,’ cried
The Lady of Shalott.

Coming to herself she noticed how differently everything around her had become, and leaving the castle, proceeded to the river where she found a boat beneath the willows, on whose prow she wrote in clear letters:--The Lady of Shalott.

Down she came and found a boat
Beneath a willow left afloat,
And round about the prow she wrote
The Lady of Shalott.

Stepping into the boat, she gazed for a moment on Camelot, and knew her end was near.

And down the river’s dim expanse
Like some bold seër in a trance,
Seeing all his own mischance--
With a glassy countenance
Did she look to Camelot.

Lying down in the boat she crossed her hands upon her breast, and singing a beautiful song, allowed the boat to drift down the stream to Camelot.

And at the closing of the day
She loosed the chain, and down she lay;
The broad stream bore her far away,
The Lady of Shalott.

Lying, robed in snowy white
That loosely flew to left and right--
The leaves upon her falling light--
Thro’ the noises of the night
She floated down to Camelot:
And as the boat-head wound along
The willowy hills and fields among,
They heard her singing her last song,
The Lady of Shalott.

As the boat approached the city of Camelot no song was heard, and the curiosity of the people being aroused at the boat gliding along by itself they drew it ashore, only to find in it the dead body of the princess. As sir Lancelot drew near and beheld the beautiful form of the lady he exclaimed:--‘How peaceful and lovely a face! God grant mercy to her and to us too, that we also may lead pure and noble lives.’

But Lancelot mused a little space;
He said, ‘She has a lovely face;
God in his mercy lend her grace,
The Lady of Shalott.’

_Lady of Shalott._

LADY OF THE LAKE.

A mysterious personage. She gave to king Arthur the sword Excalibur, in recompense for which she asked for the head of Balin (_q.v._) because he had slain her brother, but the king refused the request. ‘Ye would have my head,’ said Balin, ‘therefore ye shall lose thine own,’ and smote off her head in the presence of king Arthur. She was denoted by the sacred fish on her breast.

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

LAIS.

_Becket._ Where, my liege? With Phryne,
Or Lais, or thy Rosamund, or another?

_Henry._ My Rosamund is no Lais,
Thomas Becket;

The name of two Greek courtesans of extraordinary beauty. One is said to have been born in Corinth and flourished during the Peloponnesian war. The other was a native of Sicily, but went to Corinth when a child and is said to have been stoned to death by the Thessalian women out of jealousy.

_Becket._

LAMB.

= The Saviour of the World.

_St. Agnes’ Eve_;
_Columbus_.

LAMBERT.

and there was Lambert
Who can foresee himself?

John Lambert; became a convert to protestantism; chaplain to the English factory at Antwerp; imprisoned 1532, but released on the death of archbishop Wareham in the same year; condemned and burnt to death for denying the doctrine of transubstantiation.

_Queen Mary._

LAMBETH. LAMBETH PALACE.

A London municipal and parliamentary Borough. The Palace is the official residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

_Queen Mary._

LAMECH.

An old song vexes my ear;
But that of Lamech is mine.

_See Genesis iv. 23._

_Maud._

LAMMAS.

Nay--and she will not marry till Richard come,
And that’s at latter Lammas--never perhaps.

= The Greek Kalends, never.

_The Foresters._

LANCASTER.

And York’s white rose as red as Lancaster’s,

= Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster.

_Aylmer’s Field._

LANCELOT.

The son of king Ban and Helen, and the father of sir Galahad, the chastest of the 150 knights, who was allotted the ‘Siege Perilous.’ He was stolen in infancy by Vivian, the Lady of the Lake, who threw him into the water, in consequence of which he was called sir Launcelot du Lake. He was the bravest of all the knights and was honoured by king Arthur more than all the rest.

Then Arthur charged his warrior whom he loved
And honour’d most, Sir Lancelot, to ride forth
And bring the Queen;--

He fell in love with Guinevere (_q.v._) who ordered him to slay the knights who kept the door, but sir Modred escaping informed king Arthur, who condemned Guinevere on account of her unfaithfulness to be burnt, but when at the stake she was rescued by Lancelot. In consequence of this guilty passion for the queen he was commanded to avoid the court, and as king Arthur refused to be reconciled to him he left the realm and retired to Benwick. Going one day to joust at Astolat he left his blazoned shield in charge of Elaine (_q.v._), the fair maid of Astolat. Being wounded in the encounter, he was carefully nursed by Elaine. Upon being restored to health he claimed his shield and bid the damsel good-bye, whereupon she confessed her love for him; but being told that his love was another’s, pined away and died.

When the news of the ‘last weird battle in the west,’ in which king Arthur received his mortal wound, reached Lancelot, he made haste to see his noble master to seek his pardon for the injury he had done him. Upon his arrival he found the king had passed away, and kneeling down on the earth wept and prayed heartily for his soul. Going in search of Guinevere he found the queen in a nunnery at Almesbury (_q.v._), and after taking farewell of her withdrew into solitude, and for six years led a life of prayer and fasting. In a vision he was told that Guinevere was no more, and hastening to Almesbury found the news too true. With reverence and out of love and gratitude for Arthur he took the body of the queen and laid it by the side of king Arthur in Glastonbury Abbey, after which he again withdrew to his lonely cell; and some weeks later the spirit of this bold warrior passed away and he was buried in Joyous Guard.

_Lady of Shalott_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_.

LANDBIRD.

at length
The landbird, and the branch with berries on it,
The carven staff

A reference of the nearness of land which Columbus sighted on October 11, 1492.

_Columbus._

LANE (Miriam).

_See_ =Miriam, Miriam Lane=.

LAPIDOTH.

there on the roofs
Like that great dame of Lapidoth she sang.

Has reference to the Hebrew prophetess Deborah, wife of Lapidoth. She joined Barak in a campaign to deliver Israel from the tyranny of Jabin, king of Canaan, and utterly defeated the Canaanites under Sisera near the brook Kishon. After the victory Deborah and Barak sang a song of triumph known as the song of Deborah. _See Judges iv. and v._

_The Princess._

LAPWING.

A bird of the plover family called also peewit.

_Locksley Hall_;
_Queen Mary_.

LAR AND LUCUMO.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke of those
That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo;

Two titles of honour borne respectively by priests and nobles among the inhabitants of Etruria, an ancient country in central Italy.

_The Princess._

LARCH.

A genus of coniferous trees, distinct from firs, with erect and regularly tapering stem, and small branches.

_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_.

LARIANO.

Name of the vessel which conveyed the poet and his wife while spending a holiday in Italy, to the various Italian ports.

As on the Lariano crept
To that fair port below the castle
Of Queen Theodolind, where we slept;

_The Daisy._

LARI MAXUME.

The rich Virgilian rustic measure
Of Lari Maxume, all the way,

= ‘O great Larius’ _i.e._ ‘O great Lake of Como.’

_The Daisy._

LARK.

A well-known singing bird of the genus _Alauda_.

_Rosalind_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_Audley Court_;
_Talking Oak_;
_Day Dream_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_The Princess_;
_The Window_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_First Quarrel_;
_Northern Cobbler_;
_Voyage of Maeldune_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_The Flight_;
_Tomorrow_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_The Cup_;
_The Falcon_;
_Promise of May_;
_The Foresters_.

LATANGOR.

The King Brandagoras of Latangor,
With Anguisant of Erin, Morganore,
And Lot of Orkney.

_Coming of Arthur._

LATERAN.

A celebrated church in Rome, so called from its occupying the site of the palace of the Laterani family; and which was until 1308 the residence of the popes of Rome. No fewer than five Œcumenical councils have met within its walls.

_Harold_;
_Becket_.

LATIMER.

Bishop of Worcester, son of a Leicestershire yeoman. At the beginning of the Reformation was an earnest advocate of popery, but eventually became a convert to the reformed faith. Received permission to preach throughout England, and his fame reaching Henry VIII he was commanded to preach before that monarch, who conferred upon him the bishopric of Worcester in 1535, which See he resigned in 1539 because he could not support the Act of the Six Articles. Twice under Henry VIII he was committed to the Tower, but was released on the accession of Edward VI, who would have restored him to his diocese but he refused; assisted Cranmer in framing the Homilies and in completing the work of the Reformation. In 1555, upon the accession of Mary, he was again committed to the Tower, whence he was with Cranmer sent to Oxford to defend his views before a Commission, and being found guilty of heresy was condemned--and with bishop Ridley (_q.v._) burnt to death opposite Balliol College, Oxford, 1555. After commending his soul to God he turned to his companion and exclaimed, ‘Be of good cheer, Master Ridley, and play the man; we shall this day light such a candle in England, which by God’s grace will never be put out.’

_Queen Mary._

LAUDAMUS.

And then the great ‘Laudamus’ rose to heaven.

The _Te Deum Laudamus_. A hymn which forms part of the morning service in the English Church. The authorship is unknown, though tradition ascribes it to St. Ambrose.

_Columbus._

LAUNCELOT.

_See_ =Lancelot=.

LAURENCE.

Not thrice your branching limes have blown
Since I beheld young Laurence dead.

A former lover of lady Clara Vere de Vere, whom she first loved, and afterwards rejected. His grief at her conduct probably hastened his death.

_Lady Clara Vere de Vere._

LAVAINE.

A Knight of the Round Table, brother of Elaine, and son of sir Bernard, baron of Astolat. Displayed great bravery in battle on behalf of King Arthur; and afterwards departed to Brittany with Lancelot who created him earl of Arminak.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

LAWRENCE.

_See_ =St. Lawrence=.

LAWRENCE.

Voice of the dead whom we loved, our Lawrence the best of the brave:

Sir Henry Lawrence, brigadier-general, and chief commissioner in Oudh. At the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny he was appointed in command of the troops in Oudh, and was killed while holding Lucknow against the mutineers. His death was a blow to the little garrison, but they held out until relieved by sir Colin Campbell.

_Defence of Lucknow._

LAWRENCE AYLMER.

Lawrence and Edmund Aylmer were brothers. Edmund on account of ill health left for Italy where he died. The brothers parted by a certain brook known to both since childhood. Near the brook Lawrence met Katie Willows, a farmer’s only child. She had quarrelled with her lover James Willows. Lawrence asked who had angered James and found out from Katie’s manner that he himself was the cause of some little jealousy. He however succeeded in putting an end to the quarrel, by engaging her father in conversation, while Katie and her lover met.

_The Brook._

LAZARUS.

When Lazarus left his charnel-cave,
And home to Mary’s house return’d,
Was this demanded--if he yearn’d
To hear her weeping by his grave?

Has reference to the raising from the dead of Lazarus, brother of Martha and Mary. _John xi._

_In Memoriam._

LAZARUS.

When Dives loathed the times, and paced his land
In fear of worse,
And sanguine Lazarus felt a vacant hand
Fill with _his_ purse.

Has reference to the beggar in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. _Luke xvi. 19-31._

_To Mary Boyle._

LAZARUS (Saint).

By St. Lazarus, no!
I am confounded by thee. Go in peace.

Brother of Martha and Mary, and reputed first bishop of Marseilles.

_Becket._

LEA (Sir Richard).

_See_ =Richard, Richard Lea, Richard of the Lea=.

LEA (Walter).

_See_ =Walter, Walter Lea=.

LEAR.

A legendary British king, hero of one of Shakespeare’s tragedies. In his old age he divided his kingdom between two of his elder daughters, on condition that each should alternately, month by month, provide him with a home. They however showed him very scant hospitality, whereupon the youngest daughter Cordelia--who had been disinherited, and who had married the king of France, raised an army in order to dethrone her sisters, but was defeated and put in prison where she died. The elder sister then murdered her younger sister from jealousy, after which she committed suicide herself.

_Promise of May._

LEBANON.

O, art thou sighing for Lebanon
In the long breeze that streams to thy delicious East,
Sighing for Lebanon,

The lofty mountain-range in the southern part of Syria.

_Maud._

LEBANONIAN CEDAR.

‘Madam, he the wisest man
Feasted the woman wisest then, in halls
Of Lebanonian cedar:

A mountain range in Palestine. Originally the mountains were covered with trees, but are now almost bare, only a few of the famous cedars remaining.

_The Princess._

LEE (Annie).

_See_ =Enoch, Enoch Arden=.

LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN.

I read, before my eyelids dropt their shade,
_The Legend of Good Women_, long ago
Sung by the morning star of song, who made
His music heard below;

A poem by Chaucer, consisting of nine legends and a prologue, celebrating the faithfulness of the brides of ancient song: Cleopatra, Thisbe, Dido, Hypsipyle and Medea, Lucrece, Ariadne, Philomela, Phillis, and Hypermnestra.

_Dream of Fair Women._

LEICESTER.

The Duke hath gone to Leicester; Carew stirs
In Devon:

The capital of Leicestershire.

_Queen Mary._

LEICESTER (Lord).

Robert de Beaumont, first earl of Leicester. Was present at the council of Northampton, 1164.

_Becket._

LENNOX (Lady).

_Courtenay._ --made you follow
The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox?--
You,
The heir presumptive.

Lady Margaret Douglas, niece of Henry VIII, who in 1544 married Matthew Stewart, earl of Lennox; planned marriage between her son lord Darnley and Mary queen of Scots; imprisoned for treasonable intentions by Elizabeth in 1562; released, but again imprisoned in 1565; released immediately after the murder of Darnley, and at the court of Elizabeth denounced Mary queen of Scots for the crime. Her ambition was realized in 1567 by the accession of her grandson, James VI, to the throne of England. She died in 1578.

_Queen Mary._

LENT-LILY.

= the daffodil, as flowering in Lent.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Progress of Spring_.

LEODOGRAN.

King of Cameliard, and father of Guinevere. King Arthur rescued him from king Rience of North Wales. Uther gave him the famous Round Table which would seat 150 knights, and when king Arthur married Guinevere, Leodogran gave him the table with 100 knights as a wedding gift.

_Coming of Arthur._

LEOFRIC.

Abbot Alfwig,
Leofric, and all the monks of Peterboro’
Strike for the king;

A nephew of earl Leofric, and abbot of Peterborough 1053-66. Was present at the battle of Senlac.

_Harold._

LEOFWIN.

Son of earl Godwin; accompanied his father in exile in 1051, and returned with him and was made earl of the present counties of Kent, Surrey, Essex and Middlesex. Accompanied his brother Harold to the battle of Stamford-bridge in 1066, and in the same year fought at Senlac where he was slain.

_Harold._

LEOLIN.

A barrister, brother of Averill the rector of the parish in which Aylmer’s hall was situated; he was in love with Edith, daughter and heiress of sir Aylmer and lady Aylmer (_q.v._).

_Aylmer’s Field._

LEONARD.

A poet who was spending a holiday in Llanberis, but was sought out by his friends. His morning had been spent in writing lines concerning a Golden Age that was to be brought about by the peaceful growth of commerce binding the nations together. He said that in the Golden Year wealth will be more equally distributed, but men will not all be reduced, as in socialistic schemes, to one dead level.

_Golden Year._

LEONARD.

Son of Edith and of the boy lover in _Locksley Hall_. He was drowned at sea when quite a young man. The speaker, talking to his grandson, says:

Gone our sailor son thy father, Leonard early lost at sea;
Thou alone, my boy, of Amy’s kin and mine art left to me.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

LEOPARD.

A rapacious quadruped of the cat tribe, a native of Southern Asia and Africa.

_The Princess._

LETTY. LETTY HILL.

Millionaire’s daughter, who fell in love with a visitor to the lake, but on being found in his company was forced by trustees and aunts and uncles to forsake him and marry Sir Robert (_q.v._).

_Edwin Morris._

LEVERET.

A hare in its first year.

_Audley Court._

LEWES.

Were those your sires who fought at Lewes?

Battle of Lewes, 1264, between Henry III and the barons under Simon de Montfort.

_Third of February._

LIBYAN.

‘We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit
Lamps which out-burn’d Canopus. O my life
In Egypt!

A district in north Africa.

_Dream of Fair Women._

LIGHT BRIGADE.

Consisted of the 13th Light Dragoons, the 17th Lancers, the 11th Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars commanded by lord Cardigan, who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

_Charge of the Light Brigade._

LILAC.

A shrub bearing flowers of a delicate purple tint.

_On a Mourner_;
_The Princess_.

LILIA.

One of the young ladies engaged at the college founded by princess Ida, and supposed to be chaperoned by a certain aunt Elizabeth. A very lively sort of person. At the time of speaking, Lilia with others was spending a day at the house of sir Walter Vivian, and during the afternoon aunt Elizabeth was slightly offended at the frivolous behaviour of Lilia and a certain Walter.

_The Princess._

LILIAN.

The subject of a short poem written in praise of her. She is described by the poet as resembling a fairy with her vivacious manner:

Airy, fairy Lilian,
Flitting, fairy Lilian,

_Lilian._

LILY.

A genus of plants of many species, producing flowers of beauty and variety of colour.

_Supposed Confessions of a Second-rate Sensitive Mind_;
_Ode to Memory_;
_Adeline_;
_Lady of Shalott_;
_Œnone_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_Sir Galahad_;
_Lady Clare_;
_To E. L._;
_The Princess_;
_City Child_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Voyage of Maeldune_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_;
_The Foresters_.

LILY MAID OF ASTOLAT.

Elaine the fair, Elaine the loveable,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat,
High in her chamber up a tower to the east
Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot;

= Elaine (_q.v._).

_Lancelot and Elaine._

LIME.

The linden tree.

_Margaret_;
_Lady Clara Vere de Vere_;
_On a Mourner_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_Talking Oak_;
_The Princess_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_;
_To Ulysses_.

LIMOURS.

= Doorm (_q.v._).

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_.

LINNET.

A singing bird of the finch family.

_Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere_;
_The Princess_;
_Minnie and Winnie_;
_The Window_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Guinevere_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Progress of Spring_.

LINTWHITE.

= Linnet.

_Claribel._

LION.

A fierce quadruped of the genus _Felis_ found in southern Asia and in many parts of Africa.

_Lady Clara Vere de Vere_;
_Dream of Fair Women_;
_Locksley Hall_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Princess_;
_The Daisy_;
_Maud_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_The Revenge_;
_Tiresias_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_St. Telemachus_;
_The Foresters_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_The Cup_.

LIONEL.

_See_ =Julian=.

LIONESS.

A female lion.

_The Princess_;
_Demeter and Persephone_;
_The Foresters_.

LISBON.

The capital of Portugal.

_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington._

LITTLECHESTER.

_Promise of May._

LITTLE JOHN.

Robin Hood’s lieutenant. His name is supposed to have been John Little, but standing over seven feet in height, his companion Will Stutely in merry mood reversed the names.

O, here is my hand, the stranger reply’d,
I’ll serve you with all my whole heart;
My name is John Little, a man of good mettle;
Ne’re doubt me, for I’ll play my part.

* * * * *

He was, I must tell you, but seven foot high,
And, may be, an ell in the waste;

* * * * *

Brave Stutely came then, with seven yeomen,
And did in this manner proceed:
This infant was called John Little, quoth he;
Which name shall be changed anon:
The words we’ll transpose; so wherever he goes,
His name shall be call’d Little John.

Ritson: _Robin Hood, Vol. II._

He lies buried in the churchyard of Hathersage in Derbyshire, the grave being over seven feet in length. His ‘goode stout bowe of best yew tree’ is preserved at Cannon hall, near Barnsley.

_The Foresters._

LIZARD.

A family of four-footed reptiles.

_Œnone_;
_Enoch Arden_.

LIZARD-POINT.

May never saw dismember thee,
Nor wielded axe disjoint,
Thou art the fairest-spoken tree
From here to Lizard-point.

Headland on the south coast of Cornwall.

_Talking Oak._

LLANBERIS.

we that day had been
Up Snowdon; and I wish’d for Leonard there,
And found him in Llanberis:

A small town at the foot of mount Snowdon.

_Golden Year._

LLANBERRIS.

Yet once when first
I came on Lake Llanberris in the dark,
A moonless night with storm--

_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)._

LOCKSLEY.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

LOCKSLEY HALL.

An imaginary place.

_Locksley Hall_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_.

LOCKSLEY SHIELD.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

LOCKSLEY TOWER.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

LODI.

A town in Lombardy, famous for the victory of Buonaparte over the Austrians, 1796.

_The Daisy._

LOMBARDY.

_Queen Mary._

LONDON (City of).

_Edwin Morris_;
_Locksley Hall_;
_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington_;
_Boädicea_;
_Maud_;
_To the Queen, II_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_The Dawn_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_;
_The Foresters_;
_To E. Fitzgerald_.

LONDON (Bishop of).

_Becket._

LONDON BRIDGE.

The first bridge is said to have been built by the Romans. In 1008 it was broken down in the fighting which took place between Ethelred and the Danes who had gained possession of the city of London. This incident is the subject of a Scandinavian poem

London Bridge is broken down--
Gold is won and bright renown.
Shields resounding,
War-horns sounding,
Hildur shouting in the din!
Arrows singing,
Mail-coats ringing--
Odin makes our Olaf win!’

Under William Rufus the bridge was repaired, but during the Kentish rising in 1471 it was attacked by the Kentish men under the leadership of Thomas Fauconberg. During the last 700 years it has been destroyed and rebuilt on several occasions; the present structure dating from 1831.

There is an old song entitled _London Bridge_, the authorship of which is unknown. Several versions of this song are given. Rodwell’s version in his _Old London Bridge_ commences:--

London Bridge is broken down;
Dance o’er, Lady Lea.
London Bridge is broken down
With a gay La-dee.

while John o’ London’s translation in his _London Stories_ is:

London Bridge is broken down;
Dance over, my Lady Lee.
London Bridge is broken down
With a gay Ladye.

A later version is as follows:--

London Bridge is broken down;
Dance over my Lady Lee.

Old King Lud he built it first,
Built it firm of posts and planks;
Julius Cæsar built it next;
Cæsar marched through London Town,
When Duke Brutus killed him dead.
Good St. Olave dinged it down;
So he saved us from the foe;
So we built his holy shrine.
Norman William built it up,
Built it strong of wood and iron;
He was crowned in London Town.
London Bridge is broken down;
Who will build it up again?
We must build it up again.
How shall we build it up again?

_Queen Mary._

LOT.

King of Orkney, married Bellicent, daughter of Gorloïs, lord of Tintagel Castle, Cornwall. Father of sir Gawain and sir Modred. Made war on king Arthur on several occasions, notably that of the great battle of the kings. Allied himself with Nero, brother of King Rience of North Wales against Arthur and in the battle which ensued was slain by Pellinore. In Geoffrey of Monmouth he is called king of Norway.

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_.

LOTOS--LOTUS.

A low thorny shrub, a native of Northern Africa, fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it to forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it.

_Œnone_;
_Lotos-Eaters_;
_Akbar’s Dream_.

LOTOS-EATERS.

And round about the keel with faces pale,
Dark faces pale against that rosy flame,
The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.

A race of people who lived in Cyrenaica, a district on the north and north-east coast of Africa (Tripoli and Tunis), who lived on the fruit of the lotos tree.

_Lotos-Eaters._

LOTOS-LAND.

In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie reclined
On the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind.

The north and north-east coast of Africa.

_Lotos-Eaters._

LOT’S WIFE.

see how you stand
Stiff as Lot’s wife,

_See Genesis xix. 26._

_The Princess._

LOTUS.

_See_ =Lotos=.

LOUIS. LOUIS OF FRANCE.

Son of Louis VI, whom he succeeded in 1137. Engaged in a crusade but was defeated by Saladin. Having divorced his wife Eleanor, she married Henry II of England by which the provinces of Poitou and Guienne were annexed to the English crown. This produced war between England and France which lasted twenty-one years (1120-1180).

_Becket._

LOVER’S BAY.

_Lover’s Tale._

LOVER’S LEAP.

_Lover’s Tale._

LUCILIA.

_See_ =Lucretius=.

LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS.

Son of Junius and Tarquinia, sister of Superbus. When Tarquin put his brother to death Brutus pretended to be an idiot, hence his name, meaning ‘stupid.’ When the public indignation was aroused on account of the foul outrage on Lucretia by Tarquin’s son, he raised a revolt and expelled the tyrant from Rome. In 509 he became the first consul of Rome and sentenced to death his two sons found guilty of conspiring to restore the monarchy and in the same year was killed in an attack led on by Aruns, son of Tarquin.

_The Princess._

LUCKNOW.

City in British India, and capital of the district of Lucknow and of the old province of Oudh. During the Indian Mutiny it underwent a siege of six months at the hands of the mutineers. It was relieved by sir Colin Campbell.

_Defence of Lucknow._

LUCRETIUS.

Lucilia, wedded to Lucretius, found
Her master cold;

The poem portrays the ravings of the maddened Lucretius. His wife, Lucilia, not being satisfied with her husband’s conduct towards her, mixed a love-philtre and mingled it with his drink. At one moment he cursed, and the next revelled in, the animal passion.

--how the sun delights
To glance and shift about her slippery sides,
And rosy knees and supple roundedness,
And budded bosom-peaks--

He raved against love and the gods, and lashing himself into a frenzy committed suicide.

_Lucretius._

LUCULLUS.

that Lucullus or Apicus might have sniffed it in their Hades of
heathenism,

A Roman general and epicure, who distinguished himself in the war against Mithridates, and who was celebrated for the luxurious life he lived at Rome. For placing before him one day a less sumptuous feast than usual he reprimanded his servant, remarking:

‘Are you aware, sirrah, that Lucullus dines with Lucullus to-day?’

_Becket._

LUCUMO.

_See_ =Lar=.

LUCY.

Daughter of the village squire. She was supposed to have an ungainly deportment.

An’ Lucy wur laäme o’ one leg, sweet-’arts she niver ’ed none--
Straänge an’ unheppen Miss Lucy! we naämed her ‘Dot an’ gaw one!’

_Village Wife._

LUDGATE.

A famous London gateway supposed to have been built by Lud, king of the Britons, who lies buried beneath the gate.

_Queen Mary._

LUNNON (London).

_Northern Farmer, Old Style_;
_Promise of May_.

LURE.

Yet while they rode together down the plain,
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

A decoy, used in falconry for training the hawk.

_Merlin and Vivien._

LUSCOMBE.

A farm labourer.

_Promise of May._

LUSITANIAN.

But such whose father-grape grew fat
On Lusitanian summers.

= Lusitania, the ancient name for Portugal.

_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue._

LUTHER.

The ghosts of Luther and Zuinglius fade
Into the deathless hell which is their doom
Before my star!

Has reference to Martin Luther, the protestant reformer.

_To J. M. K._;
_Queen Mary_.

LUTTERWORTH.

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born;
Nor thou in Britain, little Lutterworth,
Least, for in thee the word was born again.

A town in Leicestershire, the church of which John Wycliffe was Rector from 1374 till his death in 1384. He was buried there, but in 1428 his remains were exhumed and burned, and the ashes cast into the river Swift that flows through Lutterworth on its course to the Avon.

‘the little river conveyed Wycliff’s remains into the Avon, Avon into
the Severn, Severn into the narrow seas, they to the main ocean. And
thus the ashes of Wycliffe are the emblem of his doctrine, which now
is dispersed all the world over.’

_Thomas Fuller._

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

LYCIAN CUSTOM.

Appraised the Lycian custom, spoke of those
That lay at wine with Lar and Lucumo:

The ‘custom’ referred to here is that the Lycians, inhabitants of the country of Lycia in Asia Minor took their names from their mothers and not their fathers, and always reckoned their ancestry in the female line.

_The Princess._

LYDIAN CARPETS.

Lay down the Lydian carpets for the king.

Lydia was a country of Asia Minor and as early as 700 +B.C.+ was a powerful empire and a centre of religion and culture. It was noted for its music, its purple dyes, and the weaving of carpets in colours and patterns.

_The Cup._

LYDIAN LAUGHTER.

as we wander’d to and fro
Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda Lake below
Sweet Catullus’s all-but-island,

= Soft, melodious, as the ancient Greek mode of music known as Lydian.

_Frater Ave Atque Vale._

LYNETTE.

Sister to the lady Lyonors. She was a high-spirited girl and exceedingly proud, a fact of which she was reminded by the peacock in his pride that ladies should be of a loving and gentle disposition.

And there they placed a peacock in his pride
Beside the damsel, and the Baron set
Gareth beside her, but at once she rose.

Lynette went to king Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her sister Lyonors (_q.v._) from the tyranny of four knights who held her prisoner in Castle Perilous.

_Gareth and Lynette._

LYNX.

An animal resembling the common cat; with a short tail and ears tipped with pencils of hair.

_Becket._

LYONESSE--LYONNESSE.

Considered to have been a country uniting the Scilly islands with western Cornwall, and now covered by the sea. The ‘last weird battle in the west’ between king Arthur and sir Modred is supposed to have been fought here.

Then rose the King and moved his host by night,
And ever push’d Sir Modred, league by league,
Back to the sunset bound of Lyonnesse--
A land of old upheaven from the abyss
By fire, to sink into the abyss again;
Where fragments of forgotten peoples dwelt,
And the long mountains ended in a coast
Of ever-shifting sand, and far away
The phantom circle of a moaning sea.

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Guinevere_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

LYONORS.

The lady of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by four knights. Her sister, the lady Lynette, went to king Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her from the tyrants. The king gave the quest to sir Gareth (_q.v._) who overcame the knights and liberated the lady, whom according to Malory he married. Tennyson however makes Gareth marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times
Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors,
But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

_Gareth and Lynette._

MACAW.

A tropical bird of the parrot tribe, with long tail and a hooked jaw.

_Day-Dream._

MACHREE.

An’ shure thin ye’ll meet me tomorra?’
‘Tomorra, tomorra, Machree!’

_Tomorrow._

MACREADY.

A famous tragedian; was manager of Covent Garden, and afterwards of Drury Lane Theatres. He was a friend of Tennyson, and on his retirement from the stage the poet addressed the following sonnet to him:

Farewell, Macready, since to-night we part
Full-handed thunders often have confessed
Thy power, well used to move the public breast.
We thank thee with our voice and from the heart.
Farewell, Macready, since this night we part.
Go, take thine honours home; rank with the best,
Garrick and statelier Kemble, and the rest,
Who made a nation purer thro’ their art.
Thine is it that our drama did not die,
Nor flicker down to brainless pantomime,
And those gilt gauds men-children swarm to see.
Farewell, Macready; moral, grave, sublime;
Our Shakespeare’s bland and universal eye
Dwells pleased, thro’ twice a hundred years, on thee.

_To W. C. Macready._

MADELINE.

Described by the poet as a person of an ever-changing mood. He speaks of her as ‘Ever-varying Madeline,’ and remarks that her smiles and frowns seem to be part of each other.

Thy smile and frown are not aloof
From one another,
Each to each is dearest brother;

_Madeline._

MAELDUNE.