Chapter IV: Part 4

his own head
Began to droop, to fall; the man became
Imbecile; his one word was ‘desolate;’
Dead for two years before his death was he;
But when the second Christmas came, escaped
His keepers, and the silence which he felt,
To find a deeper in the narrow gloom
By wife and child.

* * * * *

Then the great Hall was wholly broken down,
And the broad woodland parcell’d into farms:
And where the two contrived their daughter’s good,
Lies the hawk’s cast, the mole has made his run,
The hedgehog underneath the plantain bores,
The rabbit fondles his own harmless face,
The slow-worm creeps, and the thin weasel there
Follows the mouse, and all is open field.

_Aylmer’s Field._

AYLMER-AVERILL.

A combination of the names of Aylmer and Averill; Aylmer being the family name of the pompous squire, and Averill the name of the rector of the parish in which Aylmer hall was situated.

Where Aylmer followed Aylmer at the Hall
And Averill Averill at the Rectory
Thrice over; so that Rectory and Hall,
Bound in an immemorial intimacy,
Were open to each other;

In years gone by an Aylmer had married an Averill.

There was an Aylmer-Averill marriage once,
When the red rose was redder than itself.

_Aylmer’s Field._

AZORES.

A group of nine volcanic islands in the Atlantic of which Flores is one. It was near these islands that sir Richard Grenville (_q.v._) in the reign of queen Elizabeth was attacked by the Spanish Fleet.

_The Revenge._

AZRAEL.

I saw thee fall before me, and then
Me too the black-wing’d Azrael overcame,
But Death had ears and eyes;

The Angel of Death. According to Mahomet the angel appointed to inflict the death penalty on all unbelievers.

_Akbar’s Dream._

BAAL.

The principal god of the Canaanites and Phœnicians. In Biblical times the priests, in honour of their god, cut themselves with knives. _1 Kings xviii. 28._

_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Becket_.

BABEL.

till a clamour grew
As of a new-world Babel, woman-built
And worse-confounded:

Signifies confusion. Has reference to the building of the tower of Babel. _Genesis xi. 1-9._

_The Princess._

BABYLON.

_Sea Dreams_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_;
_The Dawn_.

BABYLONIAN WALL.

and she
The foundress of the Babylonian wall,

Semiramis, wife of Ninus, king of Assyria and the founder of Nineveh. She was the daughter of Derceto, the Syrian fish-goddess, and married Onnes one of Ninus’ generals; but after her heroic capture of Bactra, the king married her, and Onnes committed suicide. After Ninus’ death she ruled and founded many cities, including the city of Babylon. After reigning forty-two years she abdicated in favour of her son and ascended to heaven in the form of a dove.

_The Princess._

BACCHANAL.

Then those who led the van, and those in rear,
Rush’d into dance, and like wild Bacchanals
Fled onward to the steeple in the woods:

= A noisy or riotous person.

_Lover’s Tale._

BACCHANTE.

Cassandra, Hebe, Joan,
Or spinning at your wheel beside the vine--
Bacchante, what you will;

= A female disciple of Bacchus.

_Romney’s Remorse._

BACCHUS.

In Roman mythology the god of wine, son of Zeus and Semele.

_Dream of Fair Women._

BACON (Lord).

_See_ =Verulam=.

BADGER.

A burrowing nocturnal animal.

_Holy Grail_;
_The Foresters_.

BADON.

The twelfth great battle of king Arthur with the Saxons was fought near Badon Hill, 520 +A.D.+ It was the greatest of all his victories, it being computed that ‘nine hundred and sixty men fell before Arthur’s single onset.’

‘and on the mount
Of Badon I myself beheld the King
Charge at the head of all his Table Round,
And all his legions crying Christ and him,
And break them; and I saw him, after, stand
High on a heap of slain, from spur to plume
Red as the rising sun with heathen blood,’

The locality of Badon has been a matter of dispute. It has been identified with Badon Hill, in Linlithgow, but is now generally thought to be Bradbury Hill, in Dorset.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

BAGDAT.

or Bagdad, on the river Tigris, was founded in 762 to be the capital of the Caliphate. Under Haroun Alraschid (_q.v._) it became famous as a seat of learning, and contained over 100 mosques, the domes and minarets of which were ornamented with glazed tiles in green and white.

By Bagdat’s shrines of fretted gold,
High-walled gardens green and old;
True Mussulman was I and sworn.
For it was in the golden prime
Of good Haroun Alraschid.

_Recollections of the Arabian Nights._

BAGENHALL.

_See_ =Ralph, Ralph Bagenhall=.

BAILEY-GATE.

Storm at the Water-gate! storm at the Bailey-gate! storm.

_Defence of Lucknow._

BALA.

A Welsh lake, out of which flows the river Dee. The south-west wind blows from end to end of the lake, and as it drives the water to north-east it fills the river.

As the south-west that blowing Bala lake
Fills all the sacred Dee.

_Geraint and Enid._

BALAN.

A Knight of the Round Table; brother of Balin (_q.v._).

_Balin and Balan._

BALE (John).

Bishop of Ossory. Born in Suffolk, and educated at a Carmelite monastery, Norwich, and Jesus College, Cambridge, he became a convert from popery. In 1540, on the fall of Cromwell, he fled to Germany, but in 1547 was recalled by Edward VI, made rector of Swaffam in 1551, and two years later bishop of Ossory. On the accession of Mary he fled to Basle, where he lived until 1559, but returned in the reign of Elizabeth, and was made a prebendary of Canterbury. He wrote the first literary history of England, and in 1849 his select works were published by the Parker Society (1495-1563).

_Queen Mary._

BALIN.

A knight of the Round Table called ‘The Savage.’ He was a Northumberland knight and being taken captive by king Arthur, was imprisoned for six months. When he was released, a damsel came to Camelot girded with a sword, and told the king that no one tainted with ‘treachery’ could draw it. King Arthur and all his knights tried and failed, but sir Balin drew it easily. The damsel begged for the sword but Balin refused, whereupon she said that it would be a plague to him, for with it he would slay his best friend, and would also prove his own death. The Lady of the Lake next demanded the sword, but Balin cut off her head with it and he was banished from court. Going one day to a castle to joust, he met a knight in red, accompanied with a shield, and rode forth to meet him. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were wounded, each living long enough to learn that his antagonist was none other than his brother.

‘O brother,’ answered Balin, ‘woe is me!
My madness all thy life has been thy doom,
Thy curse, and darken’d all thy day; and now
The night has come. I scarce can see thee now.
Goodnight! for we shall never bid again goodmorrow--

* * * * *

Goodnight, true brother.
Balan answer’d low,
‘Goodnight, true brother here! goodmorrow there!
We two were born together, and we die
Together by one doom:’ and while he spoke,
Closed his death-drowsing eyes, and slept the sleep
With Balin, either lock’d in either’s arm.

Thus was fulfilled the damsel’s prophecy. Merlin buried the two brothers in one tomb, and

‘the scabbard of Balin’s sword Merlin left it on this side the island
that Galahad should find it,’ also he put ‘Balin’s sword in a marble
stone standing upright as great as a millstone, and the stone hoved
always above the water, and did many years, and so by adventure it
swam down the stream to the city of Camelot, that is in English
Winchester.’

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book II. chap. xix._

_Balin and Balan._

BALLIOL.

A college at Oxford founded in 1263 by John de Baliol father of John de Baliol king of Scotland.

_To the Master of Balliol._

BALM-CRICKET.

A cicada.

_A Dirge._

BALTIC.

O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile,

Has reference to Lord Nelson’s victory at the battle of Copenhagen, April 2, 1801.

_Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington._

BALTIC (Sea).

_Maud._

BAMBOO.

A gigantic Indian reed or grass, with hollow jointed stem, which are used for poles, walking sticks, etc.

_To Ulysses._

BARA.

A Welsh word meaning ‘bread.’

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

BARABBAS.

Why should this Rome, this Rome,
Still choose Barabbas rather than the Christ.

_Becket._

BARBARIAN.

Till that o’ergrown Barbarian in the East
Transgress his ample bound to some new crown:--

= Russia.

_Poland._

BARBAROSSA.

Surname of Frederick I, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Succeeded his father duke Frederick II of Swabia in 1147, and his uncle Conrad III as emperor in 1152. The great struggle of his reign was with Lombardy. Honorius III prepared to support the Lombardy cities, and Gregory IX began the struggle between the papacy and the emperor.

I, true son
Of Holy Church--no croucher to the Gregories
That tread the kings their children underheel--
Must curb her, and the Holy Father, while
This Barbarossa butts him from his chair.

Died in 1190 in the crusade against Saladin (1123-1190).

_Becket._

BARCELONA.

At Barcelona--tho’ you were not then
So bearded. Yes. The city deck’d herself
To meet me, roar’d my name; the king, the queen
Bad me be seated, speak, and tell them all
The story of my voyage,

A seaport and capital of the province of Barcelona. On his return from his first voyage Columbus arrived at Barcelona, where every preparation had been made to give him an enthusiastic reception, and where Ferdinand and Isabella, seated under a rich canopy, awaited his arrival. As Columbus approached the king and queen rose from their seats, and Columbus falling on his knees requested to kiss their hands. The sovereigns however ordered him to seat himself in their presence, and at their request Columbus gave an account of the voyage and a description of the land he had discovered.

_Columbus._

BARLOW (William).

A native of Essex, canon of St. Osith monastery Essex, and afterwards prior of the canons at Bisham. Appointed bishop of London, 1509, and bishop of St. Asaph, 1535, being transferred to St. David’s in the following year. In 1547 he was translated to Bath and Wells, and became a zealous preacher of the reformed faith. On the accession of Mary he was deprived of his bishopric, and committed to the Tower, but escaping, fled to Germany.

our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--Poinet, Barlow,
Bale, Scory, Coverdale;

Elizabeth having succeeded, he returned, was created bishop of Chichester, 1559, and in 1560 prebendary of Westminster, and died the same year.

_Queen Mary._

BARTON (Elizabeth).

_See_ =Joan of Kent=.

BASILISK.

A fabulous creature, resembling a dragon.

_Holy Grail._

BASLE.

A city in the north-west of Switzerland. Was a centre of influence in Reformation times, and for several years the home of Erasmus.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle--our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--

_Queen Mary._

BASSA.

Supposed to mean Bashall Brook, which joins the river Ribble near Clitheroe, in Lancashire. It was the scene of king Arthur’s sixth victory over the Saxons.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

BAT.

An animal with a body like a mouse, but which flies on wings attached mainly to its fore-feet.

_Mariana_;
_The Princess_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Despair_;
_The Foresters_.

BATHS.

His wife a faded beauty of the Baths,

= Lady Aylmer. Had formerly been a belle at the fashionable watering-places, but had now lost her good looks.

_Aylmer’s Field._

BATHS, THE.

The Baths, the Forum gabbled of his death,

In great cities of the Roman Empire the Baths were popular lounges where amusements were provided for the people; consequently centre of gossip.

_St. Telemachus._

BATTLE-TWIG.

= an earwig.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

BAY.

= the laurel-tree.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Poets and their Bibliographies_.

BAYEUX.

An ancient city of Normandy. The ancient cathedral in Gothic said to be the oldest in Normandy, was rebuilt, after a fire, by William the Conqueror in 1077, but the present structure dates mainly from 1106 to the thirteenth century. Bayeux is noted for its celebrated tapestry, preserved in the Bayeux public library. It is 230 feet long, by 20 inches wide, worked in coloured worsted, and divided into seventy-two scenes connected with the life of William the Conqueror. It is considered to have been the work of queen Matilda. William’s half-brother, Odo, was appointed bishop of Bayeux in 1048, a see which he held for fifty years.

_Harold._

BEAR.

= an animal of many varieties.

_The Princess_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_.

BEAR.

A constellation of seven stars in the northern hemisphere, called also the Plough, the Wagon, and Charles’s Wain. In Welsh it is called the Chariot of Arthur, as the name Arthur originally denoted a Bear; while the Round Table was suggested by the movement of the constellation round the pole star.

Now poring on the glow-worm, now the star,
I paced the terrace, till the Bear had wheel’d
Thro’ a great arc his seven slow suns.

_The Princess, iv._

and thro’ the gap
The seven clear stars of Arthur’s Table Round--

_Holy Grail._

_The Princess._

BECKET (Gilbert).

_See_ =Gilbert Becket=.

BECKET (Thomas).

_See_ =Thomas, Thomas Becket=.

BEDINGFIELD (Henry).

_See_ =Henry Bedingfield=.

BEDIVERE.

The first made and the latest left of all the Knights of the Round Table. He is described as the ‘bold sir Bedivere,’ being always ready to defend king Arthur’s right to the throne.

For bold in heart and act and word was he,
Whenever slander breathed against the King--

He was one of the three knights sent by king Arthur to king Leodogran, to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere; and in the last weird battle in the west the only knight of Arthur’s who escaped alive. When Arthur lay dying he commanded sir Bedivere to return his sword Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake.

‘But now delay not: take Excalibur,
And fling him far into the middle mere:
Watch what thou seëst, and lightly bring me word.’

Twice did sir Bedivere go to the pool and twice did his heart fail him, for thinking it a pity to throw away so valuable a weapon he hid it among the waterflags about the marge. Returning to the dying king and being questioned as to what he had seen he replied:

‘I heard the ripple washing in the reeds,
And the wild water lapping on the crag.’

but the dying monarch detecting the knight’s deception, threateningly commanded him to fulfil his wishes.

‘Unknightly, traitor-hearted! Woe is me!
Authority forgets a dying king,

* * * * *

get thee hence:
But, if thou spare to fling Excalibur,
I will arise and slay thee with my hands.’

whereupon the knight rose, and going down to the mere, clutch’d the sword and threw it in the water.

But ere it dipt the surface, rose an arm
Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful,
And caught him by the hilt, and brandish’d him
Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

Returning to the king sir Bedivere told him what he had seen, and taking the king upon his back went to the waterside and placed him in a barge in which were three queens, all of whom wept. Rowing from the land sir Bedivere cried:

‘Ah, my lord Arthur, what shall become of me now ye go from me,
and leave me here alone among thine enemies. Comfort thyself, said
the king, and do as well as thou mayest, for in me is no trust for
to trust in. For I will into the vale of Avilion, to heal me of my
grievous wound. And if thou hear never more of me, pray for my soul.’

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book XXI. chap. v._

And as soon as the bold sir Bedivere lost sight of the barge he wept, and taking to the forest became a hermit.

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

BEE.

A four-winged insect that makes honey.

_Claribel_;
_A Dirge_;
_Eleänore_;
_Two Voices_;
_Œnone_;
_Amphion_;
_A Farewell_;
_Enoch Arden_;
_The Princess_;
_Northern Farmer, New Style_;
_The Window_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_Vastness_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_Romney’s Remorse_.

BEEÄ.

= Bee.

_Northern Cobbler._

BEECH.

A tree with smooth silvery-looking bark.

_On a Mourner_;
_Talking Oak_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_Edwin Morris_;
_Amphion_;
_The Brook_;
_Prologue to General Hamley_;
_The Cup_.

BEELZEBUB.

_The Foresters._

BEETLE.

An insect, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up.

_Claribel._

BEL.

The British god of the underworld.

_Boädicea._

BELLEROPHON.

Name of a horse.

_The Brook._

BELLICENT.

Daughter of Gorloïs, duke of Cornwall, and his wife Ygernê. As a widow married Uther the pendragon, and was therefore the mother of Arthur. Tennyson says that she was the wife of Lot, king of Orkney, and mother of Gawain and Modred:

there came to Cameliard,
With Gawain and young Modred, her two sons,
Lot’s wife, the Queen of Orkney, Bellicent;

Geoffrey of Monmouth says ‘that Lot’s wife was Anne, the sister of Arthur;’ but Malory, in his _Morte d’Arthur_, says: ‘And king Lot of Lothian and of Orkney then wedded Margawse that was Gawaine’s mother: and king Nentres of the land of Garlot wedded Elaine.’

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_.

BENEDICT.

Founder of the religious order of the Benedictines. Born at Nursia of wealthy parents, he became convinced of the necessity of leading a life of meditation and prayer, and lived for three years as a hermit. Appointed abbot of the monastery of Vicovaro, he left it on account of the rules not being severe enough and founded the monastery of Monte Cassino, near Naples (480-543).

_Becket._

BENGAL.

A presidency of British India.

_The Brook._

BERKELEY (Maurice).

_See_ =Maurice, Maurice Berkeley=.

BERKHAMSTEAD.

A castle erected by the Saxons, but in the time of Henry I was ordered to be razed to the ground. It is probable, however, that the demolition was only partial, as we find it some years later fitted up as a royal residence. In the twelfth century it was given to Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, by Henry II, and since was granted by the Crown from time to time to various noble families, until the time of Edward III, when it descended from the Crown to the successive Princes of Wales as heirs apparent to the throne and possessors of the dukedom of Cornwall.

_Becket._

BERKSHIRE.

and as now
Men weed the white horse on the Berkshire hills
To keep him bright and clean as heretofore,

The figure of the White Horse on the Berkshire Hills is said to have been executed by king Alfred to celebrate his victory over the Danes at Ashdown in 871. The figure, which is 374 feet long, can be seen at a distance of fifteen miles, and is formed by cutting away the turf and leaving the chalk bare. A ceremony called the ‘Scouring of the White Horse’ was formerly held once a year; and for this purpose it was customary for the neighbouring inhabitants to assemble with picks and shovels, and after they had rendered more distinct the form of the horse, were entertained by the lord of the manor.

The owld White Harse wants zettin to rights,
And the Squire hev promised good cheer,
Zo we’ll gee un a scrape to kip un in shape,
And a’ll last for many a year.

A was made a lang lang time ago
Wi’ a good dale o’ labour and pains,
By King Alferd the Great when he spwiled their consate
And caddled thay wosbirds the Danes.

The Bleawin Stwun in days gone by
Wur King Alferd’s bugle harn,
And the tharnin tree you med plainly zee
As is called King Alferd’s tharn.

There’ll be backsword play, and climmin the powl,
And a race for a peg, and a cheese,
And us thenks as hisn’s a dummell zowl
As dwont care for zich spwoorts as theze.

Hughes: _Scouring of the White Horse._

The festival, which concluded their labours, included horse-racing, foot-races, backsword-play, and other old English games, and prizes were distributed to the successful competitors. The ceremony was suspended in 1780, only, however, to be renewed with great pomp in 1857. Appended is a copy of the hand-bills announcing the ceremony for the years 1776 and 1857; from _The Scouring of the White Horse_, by Hughes.

+White Horse Hill, Berks, 1776.+

‘The scowering and cleansing of the White Horse is fixed for Monday
the 27th day of May; on which day a Silver Cup will be run for near
White Horse Hill, by any horse, etc., that never run for anything,
carrying 11 stone, the best of 3 two-mile heats, to start at ten
o’clock.

‘Between the heats will be run for by Poneys, a Saddle, Bridle and
Whip; the best of 3 two-mile heats, the winner of 2 heats will be
entitled to the Saddle, the second best the Bridle, and the third the
Whip.

‘The same time a Thill harness will be run for by Cart-horses, etc.,
in their harness and bells, the carters to ride in smock frocks
without saddles, crossing and jostling, but no whipping allowed.

‘A flitch of Bacon to be run for by asses.

‘A good Hat to be run for by men in sacks, every man to bring his own
sack.

‘A Waistcoat, 10_s._ 6_d._ value, to be given to the person who shall
take a bullet out of a tub of flour with his mouth in the shortest
time.

‘A Cheese to be run for down the White Horse Manger.

‘Smocks to be run for by ladies, the second best of each prize to be
entitled to a Silk Hat.

‘_Cudgel-playing_ for a _gold-laced Hat_ and a pair of buckskin
Breeches, and _Wrestling_ for a pair of silver Buckles and a pair of
pumps.

‘The horses to be on the White Horse Hill by nine o’clock.

‘No less than four horses, etc. or asses to start for any of the
above prizes.’

+Pastime.+

_To be held on the occasion of the Scouring of the White Horse,
September 17 and 18, 1857._

At a meeting held at the Craven Arms, Uffington, on the 20th day of
August, 1857, the following resolutions (amongst others) were passed
unanimously:--

First. That a pastime be held on the White Horse Hill, on Thursday
and Friday, the 17th and 18th of September, in accordance with
the old custom at the time of ‘The Scouring of the Horse.’

2dly. That E. Martin Atkins, Esq., of Kingston Lisle, be appointed
Treasurer.

3dly. That prizes be awarded for the following games and sports,
That is to say--

Backsword Play. { Old gamesters, £8
{ Young gamesters, £4

Wrestling. { Old gamesters, £5
{ Young gamesters, £4

A jingling match.

Foot races.

Hurdle races.

Race of cart-horses in Thill harness (for a new set of harness).

Donkey race (for a flitch of bacon).

Climbing pole (for a leg of mutton).

Races down ‘the Manger’ (for cheeses).

A pig will be turned out on the down, to be the prize of the man
who catches him (under certain regulations); and further prizes
will be awarded for other games and sports as the funds will
allow.

4thly. That no person be allowed to put up or use a stall or booth
on the ground, without the previous sanction of Mr. Spackman, of
Bridgecombe Farm [the occupier], who is hereby authorized to make
terms with any person wishing to put up a stall or booth.

Signed, +E. Martin Atkins+,
_Chairman_.

The White Horse was the emblem of Hengist, and represented Odin, the war-god of the Teutonic Tribes.

_Geraint and Enid._

BESS.

The wife of a farmer, a native of the north of England.

_Owd Roä._

BESS.

Servant girl to an old spinster, who named her cats after her former admirers.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

BESSY MARRIS.

A person of rather doubtful character. She accused an old farmer of being the father of her child. In order to deal fairly he decided to look after Bessy and her child.

I done moy duty boy ’um as I ’a done boy the lond.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

BETHLEHEM.

Not least art thou, little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born;

_See Matthew ii. v._

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

BEVERLEY (John).

Carmelite: doctor and professor of divinity at Oxford; canon of St. John’s Church, Beverley; burnt to death, 1414.

Burnt--good Sir Roger Acton, my dear friend!
Burnt too, my faithful preacher, Beverley!

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

BIDEFORD.

A town on the north coast of Devonshire, and in the time of Elizabeth a port of some importance. It was the birthplace of sir Richard Grenville (_q.v._), commander of _The Revenge_; and we may assume the greater part of his crew belonged to this place:

But Sir Richard bore in hand all his sick men from the land
Very carefully and slow,
Men of Bideford in Devon.

Here Kingsley wrote part of his _Westward Ho!_

_The Revenge._

BILLY.

Name of a horse.

_Village Wife._

BILLY-ROUGH-UN.

Name of a horse.

_Village Wife._

BINDWEED-BELL.

= the convolvulus, a genus of plants so-called from their twining or binding, with showy bell-like flowers.

_The Brook._

BIRCH.

A tree of several species.

_Prologue to General Hamley._

BIRK.

= Birch.

_A Dirge_;
_Progress of Spring_.

BISCAY.

A bay between the west coast of France and the north coast of Spain. Navigation is much impeded by the heavy seas produced by the north-west winds.

_Enoch Arden._

BITHYNIA.

A country in the north-west of Asia Minor, its inhabitants being of Thracian origin. In the seventh and sixth centuries +B.C.+ it was part of the kingdom of Lydia, and afterwards became a part of the Persian empire under Cyrus. During the decline of the Persian empire it became an independent kingdom under a dynasty of native princes, which lasted until 74 +B.C.+, when Nicomedes III bequeathed it after his death to the Romans and it became a province of the empire.

_The Cup._

BLAISE (Saint).

Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia, suffered martyrdom, 316. In 1070 a chapel in the north transept of Canterbury Cathedral was dedicated to St. Blaise which stood intact until 1379, when, in the course of rebuilding the nave the chapel was done away with. The staircase and passage leading to it is however preserved in the existing wall.

To the crypt? no--no,
To the chapel of St. Blaise beneath the roof!

_Becket._

BLACK.

An inland sea bounded by Russia, Asia Minor and European Turkey, Bulgaria and Roumania.

_Maud._

BLACK BESS.

Name of a horse.

_The Brook._

BLACKBIRD.

A species of thrush, a well-known singing bird.

_The Blackbird_;
_Audley Court_;
_Early Spring_.

BLACKCAP.

A small European bird, so-called from its black crown.

_Progress of Spring._

BLACKTHORN.

A dark-coloured thorn; the sloe.

_May Queen._

BLANCHE.

Lady Blanche, mother of Melissa, and a widow. She was a woman of narrow and jealous disposition. Was engaged by the princess Ida in the college founded by the princess for women. She regarded the institution as a means for ignoble self-aggrandisement, and was willing to desert it when she conceived that her end might be more effectively secured elsewhere. Envious, self-centred, treacherous, she lacked even the redeeming feature of love for her child or respect for the memory of her dead husband.

_The Princess._

BLESSED ISLES.

Row to the blessed Isles! the blessed Isles!
Sinnatus!

Name given to the Canary Islands off the coast of north-west Africa.

_The Cup._

BLEYS.

The historian of Arthur’s court. Malory tells us how Merlin, after Arthur’s great battle against the kings, ‘he took leave of Arthur and of the two kings, for to go and see his master Bleise that dwelt in Northumberland. Merlin gave Bleise an account of the fight, and so Bleise wrote the battle, word by word, as Merlin told him.... All the battles that was done in Arthur’s days Merlin did his master Bleise do write.’

and one
Is Merlin’s master (so they call him) Bleys,
Who taught him magic; but the scholar ran
Before the master, and so far, that Bleys
Laid magic by, and sat him down and wrote
All things and whatsoever Merlin did
In one great annal-book, where after-years
Will learn the secret of our Arthur’s birth.’

_Coming of Arthur._

BLIND FATE.

Tho’ Sin too oft, when smitten by Thy rod,
Rail at ‘Blind Fate’ with many a vain ‘Alas!’

Has reference to a man who, for his evil deeds, and his violation of the Divine Law, is overtaken by God’s judgments, but refuses to see in them anything more than the operation of ‘Blind Fate.’

_Doubt and Prayer._

BLUEBELL.

A plant which bears blue bell-shaped flowers.

_A Dirge_;
_Adeline_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_.

BLUEBOTTLE.

A plant which grows in grain fields, so called from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.

_Promise of May._

BOÄDICEA.

Queen of the Iceni in Britain who inhabited Norfolk and Suffolk. Being treated with indignity by the Romans, she--during the absence of the Roman governor in Anglesey--assembled an army, captured and burnt the Roman colonies of London, Colchester, and Verulam and slew 70,000 Romans. Upon his return Suetonius Paulinus attacked and defeated her and in despair she poisoned herself, +A.D.+ 61. This victory secured the Roman dominion in Britain. Cowper makes her the subject of one of his poems.

She, with all a monarch’s pride,
Felt them in her bosom glow,
Rushed to battle, fought and died,
Dying, hurled them at the foe.

Cowper: _Boadicea, 37-40._

_Boädicea._

BOANERGES.

A declamatory parson, who consigns to perdition all except his own followers.

Our Boanerges with his threats of doom,
And loud-lung’d Antibabylonianisms.

_Sea Dreams._

BOAR.

= the wild boar.

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_The Foresters_.

BOAZ.

A brass pillar, signifying strength, at the entrance to Solomon’s Temple. _1 Kings vii. 21._

I have built the Lord a house--sing, Asaph! clash
The cymbal, Heman! blow the trumpet, priest!
Fall, cloud, and fill the house--lo! my two pillars
Jachin and Boaz!--

_Harold._

BOBOLI.

At Florence too what golden hours,
In those long galleries, were ours;
What drives about the fresh Cascinè,
Or walks in Boboli’s ducal bowers.

Giardino di Boboli, a garden behind the Pitti Palace, Florence. The walks, bordered with evergreens, attract crowds of pleasure-seekers.

_The Daisy._

BOGGLE.

= a ghost.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

BOLEYN.

Second queen of Henry VIII, and mother of Elizabeth. After a three years’ residence at the French court became maid-of-honour to queen Catherine; attracted the admiration of Henry, and the king having instituted proceedings with a view of his divorce from Catherine of Aragon married her secretly on January 3, 1533; charged with adultery and conspiracy she was condemned to death and beheaded on Tower Hill, 1536 (1507-1536).

_Queen Mary._

BOLINGBROKE (Harry).

_See_ =Harry Bolingbroke=.

BONNER (Edmund).

Bishop of London. Chaplain to cardinal Wolsey 1539; appeared before the pope at Marseilles in 1533 to appeal for the excommunication of Henry VIII; appointed to the living of East Dereham, 1534; bishop of Hereford and ambassador to the French court, 1538. In 1540 he was made bishop of London; and was appointed ambassador to the emperor, 1542; fell into disgrace under Edward VI, who imprisoned him in Fleet; reprimanded for neglecting to enforce use of the new prayer book, and imprisoned at Marshalsea, 1540-53; deprived of his bishoprick; restored on the accession of Mary, 1553; refused to take the oath of supremacy under Elizabeth and was again imprisoned in the Marshalsea where he died (1500-1569).

_Queen Mary._

BONNY DOON.

where the waters marry--crost,
Whistling a random bar of Bonny Doon,

Air or tune to which the song of _The Banks o’ Doon_ is sung. The song is by Robert Burns, and begins:

Ye banks and braes o’ bonnie Doon,
How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair,

Doon is the name of a river in Ayrshire.

_The Brook._

BOOR-TREE.

= Elder-tree.

_Tomorrow._

BORS.

A Knight of the Round Table, called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionel and nephew of sir Lancelot. He was ‘a square-set man and honest;’ and represented those who have sinned and effectually repented. When sir Bors went to the castle of Corbin and saw Galahad, the son of Lancelot and Elaine, he ‘wept for joy, and he prayed to God it might prove as good a knight as his father was,’ and forthwith the Holy Grail appeared unto him:

And so came in a white dove, and she bare a little censer of gold in
her mouth, and there was all manner of meats and drinks, and a maiden
bare that Sancgreal, and she said openly, Wit you well Sir Bors that
this child is Galahad, that shall sit in the siege perilous, and
achieve the Sancgreal, and he shall be much better than ever was Sir
Launcelot du Lake, that is his own father. And then they kneeled down
and made their devotions.... And then the dove took her flight, and
the maiden vanished with the Sancgreal as she came.

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book XI. chap. iv._

Sir Bors accompanied sir Galahad and sir Percivale in the quest of the Holy Grail, and was present when it appeared. After the death of Galahad, sir Bors departed with sir Lancelot from Cardiff and sailed to Benwick, and was crowned king of all king Claudus’ lands.

_Holy Grail._

BOS.

when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and Bos,

Represents the rocky coast of Cornwall. Bos, now called Boscastle, is a village near Tintagil Head.

_Guinevere._

BOSHAM.

A seaport in Sussex. It was for some time the residence of king Harold, and the place from which he started on his journey to Normandy. In the church is the tomb of Bosham, secretary to Thomas Becket. King Canute built a castle here, and his daughter lies buried in the church.

_Harold_;
_Becket_.

BOUNTEOUS ISLE.

_See_ =Maeldune=.

BOURNE (Gilbert).

Son of Philip Bourne and brother of sir John Bourne, Secretary of State in the time of Mary. In 1531 we find him Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford, and ten years’ later was made prebendary of Worcester and of St. Paul’s. In the meantime he had become chaplain to bishop Bonner, and was in 1553 sent to preach at Paul’s Cross; and denouncing Edward VI for having imprisoned Bonner in the Marshalsea, the crowd became so exasperated that a dagger was hurled at him, and had it not been for the interference of Courtenay, earl of Devon, would have undoubtedly paid for his rashness with his life.

Son Courtenay, wilt thou see the holy father
Murdered before thy face? up, son, and save him!
They love thee, and thou canst not come to harm.

In 1553 he was created bishop of Bath and Wells, and soon afterwards was made president of Wales, but in the reign of Elizabeth was deprived (1559) for refusing to take the oath of supremacy, and was committed to the Tower; afterwards being committed to ‘free custody.’ He died at Silverton, Devonshire, 1569.

_Queen Mary._

BOVADILLA (Francisco de).

An official of the royal household of Ferdinand and Isabella; appointed Commissioner to investigate the state of affairs that existed in the island of Hispaniola under the vice-regency of Christopher Columbus. Armed with authority to take complete possession of the island he sailed from Spain in July 1500, and entered the harbour of San Domingo on August 23 of the same year. Landing on the following day he demanded from James Columbus--brother of the navigator, who was left in command during Christopher’s absence in Vega Real--the release of all the prisoners in the fortress, and upon James refusing took the fortress by storm. He then occupied Columbus’ house and seized all his public and private papers. Hearing of Bovadilla’s arrival, Columbus set out for San Domingo, and upon his arrival was--with his brothers James and Bartholomew--arrested, placed in chains and sent home to Spain, Bovadilla remaining in command of the island. He however failed to reduce the colony to order, and in 1501 was superseded by Nicholas de Ovando. Upon the latter’s arrival in the island, Bovadilla embarked for Spain, but encountering a hurricane immediately upon leaving the shore was shipwrecked and consequently lost his life.

_Columbus._

BOX.

A tree or shrub remarkable for the hardness and smoothness of its wood.

_A Spirit haunts._

BRAMBLE.

A prickly shrub.

_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_.

BRANDAGORAS.

King of Latangor, subdued by king Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

_Coming of Arthur._

BRASTIAS.

A Knight of the Round Table: one of the three knights sent by king Arthur to king Leodogran to ask for the hand of his daughter Guinevere. Brastias became a hermit and retired to a hermitage in the forest of Windsor, where he was visited by sir Lancelot when the latter was commanded by Guinevere to avoid the court.

_Coming of Arthur._

BRENDAN.

An Irish saint of the sixth century. He lived an ascetic life and was Abbot over 100 monks. Said to have visited certain islands in the eastern ocean where he--with his Irish monks--preached.

And we came to the Isle of a Saint who had sail’d with St. Brendan
of yore.

The islands of St. Brendan are supposed to be to the west of the Canary Islands. Brendan visited St. Columbia at Iona in 563. He is the hero of the _Navigation of St. Brendan_, a popular tale of the mediæval ages.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

BRETON (Brittany).

_Maud_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Last Tournament_.

BRETT (Captain).

Joined sir Thomas Wyatt in insurrection to prevent the marriage of Mary with Philip of Spain, and was in charge of the London deserters; taken prisoner by sir Maurice Berkeley at Temple Bar, and executed.

_Queen Mary._

BRIAR.

= Brier.

_Day-Dream_;
_Promise of May_.

BRIER.

A plant with a stem bearing prickles.

_Buonaparte_;
_You might have won_;
_The Princess_;
_The Window_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Lover’s Tale_.

BRIGADE, Heavy.

_See_ =Heavy Brigade=.

BRIGADE, Light.

_See_ =Light Brigade=.

BRIGADE, Scarlett’s.

_See_ =Scarlett’s Brigade=.

BRIONY.

On a sudden a low breath
Of tender air made tremble in the hedge
The fragile bindweed-bells and briony rings;
And he look’d up.

A wild climbing plant common in English hedgerows; its _rings_ are its spiral tendrils.

_Talking Oak_;
_The Brook_.

BRITAIN.

_You ask me why_;
_The Princess_;
_Third of February_;
_A Welcome to Her Royal Highness Marie Alexandrovna_;
_Boädicea_;
_Maud_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_;
_To the Queen, II_;
_Defence of Lucknow_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_;
_Battle of Brunanburh_;
_Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition_;
_To Marquis of Dufferin and Ava_;
_Harold_;
_Queen Mary_.

BRITO (Richard de).

_See_ =De Brito=.

BRITTANY.

The north-western peninsula of France. It was conquered by the Romans in 57-56 +B.C.+, and in the fifth and sixth centuries was invaded and christianized from England and Ireland. From the end of the tenth to the middle of the fifteenth centuries it was independent of the French king, being governed by dukes, but in 1532 was united to the French crown.

_Last Tournament_;
_Harold_;
_The Foresters_.

BROC.

_See_ =De Broc=.

BROCELIANDE.

A forest supposed to have been Brittany. At one end of the forest stands the fountain of Baranton, and near by is the tomb of Merlin surmounted by a cross of wood. From the fountain flows a mineral spring, which bubbles up when a piece of iron or copper is thrown into it.

And chased the flashes of his golden horns
Until they vanish’d by the fairy well
That laughs at iron--as our warriors did--
Where children cast their pins and nails, and cry,
‘Laugh, little well,’ but touch it with a sword,
It buzzes fiercely round the point;

_Merlin and Vivien._

BROOKS.

William Henry Brookfield, son of Charles Brookfield, a Sheffield solicitor. Curate of Maltby (1834), St. James’, Piccadilly, London (1840), and St. Luke’s, Berwick Street (1841); chaplain-in-ordinary to queen Victoria (1860). Whilst at Trinity College, Cambridge, made the acquaintance of Tennyson, who in 1875 wrote for Lord Lyttelton’s preface to _Sermons_ by the late Rev. William Henry Brookfield, the following:

Old Brooks, who loved so well to mouth my rhymes,
How oft we two have heard St. Mary’s chimes!
How oft the Cantab supper, host and guest,
Would echo helpless laughter to your jest!
How oft with him we paced that walk of limes,
Him, the lost sight of those dawn-golden times.

_Life of Tennyson._

_To Rev. W. H. Brookfield._

BRUNANBURH.

The scene of a bloody battle in 937, where Athelstan (_q.v._) and his brother Edmund Atheling (_q.v._) gained a decisive victory over Anlaf the Dane, Constantine of Scotland, and the Northumbrian Danes, which victory practically established the unity of England. The site of the battle is uncertain, but it has been variously located in Northumberland, Dumfriesshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire.

_Battle of Brunanburh_;
_Harold_.

BRUNELLESCHI.

A famous Italian architect, born at Florence. He built the Pitti Palace, the churches of San Lorenzo, and Spirito Santo, as well as the Duomo of the Cathedral, the latter being his principal title to fame.

My dearest brother, Edmund, sleeps,
Not by the well-known stream and rustic spire,
But unfamiliar Arno, and the dome
Of Brunelleschi:

_The Brook._

BRUSSELS.

The capital of Belgium.

_Queen Mary._

BRUTUS (Lucius Junius).

_See_ =Lucius Junius Brutus=.

BUBLIN’.

= a young unfledged bird.

_Owd Roä._

BUCKINGHAM.

Edward Stafford, third duke of Buckingham, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second duke. On April 16, 1521, he was committed to the Tower for treason, and on May 13 was tried by seventeen peers, presided over by the duke of Norfolk; condemned and executed on Tower Hill on the 17th of the same month, his body being buried in the church of the Austin Friars (1478-1521).

_Queen Mary._

BUDE.

when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and Bos,

The rocky coast of Cornwall. Bude is a small port on the north coast of that county.

_Guinevere._

BULBUL.

A Persian word much used in Persian poetry. Though there is much dispute as to the bird to which it refers, it is generally considered to be the nightingale.

The living airs of middle night
Died round the bulbul as he sung;

_Recollections of the Arabian Nights_;
_The Princess_.

BULL.

An inn sign.

The Bull, the Fleece are cramm’d, and not a room
For love or money.

_Audley Court._

BULL (Edward).

A curate.

_Edwin Morris._

BULLINGHAM (Nicholas).

Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford, 1536; chaplain to archbishop Cranmer; prebendary of Lincoln, 1547; and rector of Thimbleby, 1551; deprived on account of being married in 1553, and on the outbreak of the Marian persecution fled to Germany. In the reign of Elizabeth he returned, was appointed to the vacant See of Lincoln rendered vacant by the deprivation of bishop Watson, and was one of the bishops appointed to draw up the _Articles_. In 1571 he was translated to Worcester, and appointed one of the Commissioners for the enforcement of the _Book of Common Prayer_. He died in 1576 and was buried in the chapel at Worcester cathedral. On his tomb appears the following epitaph:

Here born, here bishop, buried here,
A Bullyngham by name and stock,
A man twice married in God’s fear,
Chief pastor, late of Lincolne flock,
Whom Oxford trained up in youth,
Whom Cambridge doctor did create,
A painful preacher of the truth,
Who changed this life for happy fate
18 April, 1576.

_Dictionary of National Biography._

_Queen Mary._

BURDOCK.

A broad-leaved, prickly plant.

_Holy Grail._

BURGUNDY.

An old duchy of France.

_Harold._

BURLEIGH.

Deeply mourn’d the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

_Lord of Burleigh._

BURLEIGH-HOUSE.

‘Burleigh-house by Stamford-town’ is the county residence of the marquis of Exeter, the descendant of the famous Cecil, lord Burleigh, who was Secretary of State to queen Elizabeth. In the Civil War it was taken by the Parliamentarians.

_Lord of Burleigh._

BUTTER-BUMP.

= Bittern, a bird of the heron family.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

BUTTERFLY.

The name of an extensive group of beautiful winged insects.

_Adeline_;
_Talking Oak_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Promise of May_.

BUZZARD.

A rapacious bird of prey of the falcon family.

_Queen Mary._

BUZZARD-CLOCK.

= Cockchafer, a beetle, called also the May-bug.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

CADE (Jack).

And Thomas White will prove this Thomas Wyatt,
And he will prove an Iden to this Cade.

An Irish adventurer, and the leader of an insurrection in Kent in the reign of Henry VI (1450), against the oppressive taxation of the government. With a force of 15,000 men marched on London, and encamped at Blackheath; and defeating the royal army sent against him entered London on July 2, 1450. The citizens however retaliated and a struggle took place between them and Cade on the night of July 5. As a result terms were arranged, and the Kentish men retired from the city. A price being set upon Cade’s head, he attempted to reach the coast, but was pursued by a Kentish squire named Alexander Iden (_q.v._), who fought and killed him in a garden at Heathfield in Sussex, for which service he was knighted.

_King Henry._ The head of Cade!--Great God, how just art thou!--
O, let me view his visage, being dead.

* * * * *

_King Henry._ How art thou call’d? and what is thy degree?

_Iden._ Alexander Iden, that’s my name;
A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.

* * * * *

_King Henry._ Iden, kneel down. Rise up a knight.

Shakespeare: _2 King Henry VI. Act V. Scene i._

On the side of the road opposite the garden where he was killed stands a monumental stone bearing the following inscription:

Near this spot was slain the notorious Rebel
Jack Cade
By Alexander Iden, Sheriff of Kent, +A.D.+ 1450.
His body was carried to London, and his head
fixed on London Bridge.
This is the success of all rebels,
And this fortune chanceth ever to traitors.

_Queen Mary._

CADMEAN.

A citadel of Thebes, built by Cadmus (_q.v._), son of Agenor, king of Phœnicia.

_Lucretius._

CADMUS.

In Greek mythology son of Agenor, king of Phœnicia by Telephassa or Agriope. Was ordered by his father to go in quest of his sister Europa whom Jupiter carried away, and he was never to return to Phœnicia if he did not bring her back. His search proving fruitless, he consulted the Delphic oracle, who ordered him to build the Cadmean, afterwards the citadel of Thebes. Here he killed a dragon which guarded the well of Arês, and sowed its teeth which sprang up as armed men, who immediately fought and slew each other, except five. For this act Cadmus made reparation to Arês for a period of eight years.

The great God, Arês, burns in anger still
Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre,
Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found
Beside the springs of Dircê, smote, and still’d
Thro’ all its folds the multitudinous beast
The dragon,

Afterwards he married Hermione, the mother of Venus, and both of them being changed into serpents by Zeus were removed to Elysium. Cadmus was the first to introduce the alphabet into Greece.

_Tiresias._

CAER-ERYRI.

= Snowdon. The latter part of the word means ‘eagle’s nest.’

Or if some other told
How once the wandering forester at dawn,
Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas,
On Caer-Eryri’s highest found the King,

_Gareth and Lynette._

CAERLEON.

An ancient town in Monmouthshire on the river Usk. The name Caerleon-upon-Usk distinguished it from Chester, which was Caerleon-on-Dee. This ‘City of Legions’ with its golden domes and magnificent churches, and its gorgeous palace, with its giant tower

from whose high crest, they say,
Men saw the goodly hills of Somerset,
And white sails flying on the yellow sea;

is supposed to have equalled Rome in splendour. It was one of the principal residences of king Arthur, where he lived in splendid state, surrounded by his knights, and where he held his court.

For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before
Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.

King Arthur’s ninth great battle against the Saxons was fought here. Roman remains have been found, as walls, bath, and an amphitheatre (16 feet high and 222 by 192 feet) called king Arthur’s Round Table.

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_.

CAERLYLE.

The city of Carlisle in Cumberland.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

CÆSAR.

nor tame and tutor with mine eye
That dull cold-blooded Cæsar.

Octavian Augustus Cæsar, the adopted son of Julius Cæsar.

_Dream of Fair Women._

CÆSAR.

And King Leodogran
Groan’d for the Roman legions here again,
And Cæsar’s eagle:

_Coming of Arthur._

CÆSAR.

And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun,
Flur, for whose love the Roman Cæsar first
Invaded Britain, But we beat him back,

= Julius Cæsar.

_Marriage of Geraint._

CÆSAR.

Rome of Cæsar, Rome of Peter, which was crueller?

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

CÆSAR.

Now thy Forum roars no longer,
Fallen every purple Cæsar’s dome--

_To Virgil._

CÆSAR.

Lightning may shrivel the laurel of Cæsar, but mine would not
wither.

_Parnassus._

CÆSAR.

Of ‘Render unto Cæsar.’... The Good Shepherd!
Take this, and render that.

_Harold._

CAIAPHAS-ARUNDEL.

These Pharisees, this Caiaphas-Arundel,
What miracle could turn?

Has reference to archbishop Arundel, who examined and condemned to death sir John Oldcastle.

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

CAIN.

_Maud_;
_Forlorn_;
_Happy_;
_Becket_;
_Queen Mary_.

CALABER (Quintus).

_See_ =Quintus Calaber=.

CALAIS.

A French seaport on the straits of Dover. It was captured by Edward III in 1347 after a heroic defence, and remained under the English crown until the time of Mary (1558), when it was taken by the duke of Guise. It was the last town held by the English on French soil, and its loss was a blow to the English nation, queen Mary declaring that on her death ‘Calais’ would be found written on her heart.

_Queen Mary._

CALIPHAT.

The government or empire of the Caliphs.

_Recollections of the Arabian Nights._

CALIXTUS.

The first pope of Rome; elected 219 +A.D.+ and martyred 223 +A.D.+ He is known as the constructor of the celebrated catacombs on the Appian Way at Rome.

_Harold._

CALLIOPE.

A daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, and the first and noblest of the nine Muses (_q.v._). She is represented as presiding over epic poetry and eloquence. Her attributes are a tablet and stylus; sometimes a scroll.

Rather, O ye Gods,
Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called
Calliope to grace his golden verse--

_Lucretius._

CALPE.

The rock of Gibraltar, and one of the pillars of Hercules--the other being Abyla. It is supposed these two were originally one mountain, but Hercules tore them asunder and the sea poured between them.

Last with wide arms the solid earth He tears,
Piles rock on rock, no mountain mountain rears;
Heaves up huge Abyla on Afric’s sand,
Crowns with him Calpe Europe’s salient strand,
Crests with opposing towers the splendid scene,
And pours from urns immense the sea between,

Darwin: _Botanic Garden: Part I. Economy of Vegetation._

_The Poet._

CAMA.

In Hindu mythology the god of love and marriage, represented as riding across the sky on the back of a parrot accompanied by the cuckoo and the humming-bee.

Or over hills with peaky tops engrail’d,
And many a tract of palm and rice,
The throne of Indian Cama slowly sail’d
A summer fann’d with spice.

_Palace of Art._

CAMBALU.

The mediæval name of Pekin, the city of the Great Khan.

His eye might there command wherever stood
City of old or modern fame, the seat
Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls
Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,

Milton: _Paradise Lost, xi. 385-388._

_Columbus._

CAMBRIDGE.

The capital of Cambridgeshire, and the seat of one of the English Universities.

_Becket._

CAMEL.

A large ruminant quadruped, much used in Asia and Africa as a beast of burden, and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking.

_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lover’s Tale_.

CAMELEON.

A small lizard famous for changing its colour.

_Queen Mary._

CAMELIARD.

The realm of Leodogran, father of Guinevere, wife of king Arthur. Brecknock--three miles from which town is a hill known as Arthur’s hill--was considered to have marked one of its borders, and its capital is said to have been Carohaise, a city as yet undiscovered.

Leodogran, the King of Cameliard,
Had one fair daughter, and none other child;
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

With the assistance of king Arthur he cleared his realm of wild beasts and heathen hordes that swarmed from overseas, after which his daughter Guinevere became Arthur’s queen.

_Coming of Arthur._

CAMELOT.

The place where king Arthur chiefly held his court.

As it fell out on a Pentecost day,
King Arthur at Camelot kept his court royall,
With his faire queene dame Guenever the gay;
And many bold barons sitting in hall;
With ladies attired in purple and pall;
And heraults in hewkes, hooting on high,
Cryed, _Largesse, Largesse, Chevaliers tres-hardie_.

Percy’s _Reliques_. _King Ryence’s Challenge._

Caxton in his preface to Malory’s _Morte d’Arthur_ speaks of it as if it were in Wales, probably meaning Caerleon-upon-Usk, where the Roman amphitheatre is still called Arthur’s Round Table. The place referred to by Shakespeare in his _King Lear_ is considered to be in Cornwall.

Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain,
I’d drive ye cackling home to Camelot.

Shakespeare: _King Lear, Act II. Scene ii._

But the Camelot of the Arthurian romance is supposed to be the city of Winchester.