Chapter XII: Part 12

The first Marian martyr, was born at Birmingham. Was rector of Holy Trinity Church, London, 1532-34, after which he lived for some years at Antwerp, where he became intimate with Tyndale, and became a convert to Protestantism; published at Antwerp in 1637 what is known as _Matthew’s Bible_. Returned to England in 1548, and was appointed rector of St. Margaret’s Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre’s, London. In 1555, upon the accession of Mary, he preached at St. Paul’s Cross against Romanism; was deprived of his benefice, and imprisoned in Newgate; and after a long term of imprisonment was sentenced to death for heresy and burnt at Smithfield, February 1555.

_Queen Mary._

ROLF.

A Ponthieu fisherman.

_Harold._

ROME.

_Lucretius_;
_The Princess_;
_Boädicea_;
_Maud_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Passing of Arthur_;
_Columbus_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_To Virgil_;
_Freedom_;
_The Ring_;
_Romney’s Remorse_;
_St. Telemachus_;
_The Dawn_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_The Cup_.

RONALD (LORD).

Betrothed to lady Clare. On the eve of his marriage he was told by the lady that he was the heir to all her lands, as she was not the daughter of the late earl, but,

I am a beggar born,’ she said,
‘And not the Lady Clare.’

Lord Ronald laugh’d ‘a laugh of merry scorn,’ and assured her that even if she were not the heiress-born, on her marriage on the morrow she would still be lady Clare.

_Lady Clare._

ROOD.

_See_ =Holy Rood=.

ROOK.

A species of crow, so called from its croak. It is black, with purple and violet reflections.

_May Queen_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_The Ring_.

ROSA.

_See_ =Monte Rosa=.

ROSALIND.

The subject of a mournful song by a man in a depressed mood. He says ‘that Hesperus all things bringeth, soothing the wearied mind:’ that Hesper comes in the morning, but his Rosalind cometh not morning nor evening. He concludes by saying:

False-eyed Hesper, unkind, where is my sweet Rosalind?

_Leonine Elegiacs._

ROSALIND.

The writer likens a girl--Rosalind--to a bright-eyed falcon. She is a very high-spirited girl, untamed, and also untameable.

_Rosalind._

ROSALIND.

Lo, the face again,
My Rosalind in this Arden--Edith--all
One bloom of youth, health, beauty, happiness,

The charming daughter of the banished duke in Shakespeare’s _As You Like it_. Dressed in male attire and accompanied by her cousin Celia, she seeks her exiled father in the forest of Arden.

_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)._

ROSAMUND. ROSAMUND DE CLIFFORD.

Jane Clifford, ‘Rosamund the Fair,’ daughter of Walter, lord Clifford, and mistress of Henry II. She is supposed to have been a nun in Godstow nunnery, where Henry met her; and to keep her from the eyes of queen Eleanor kept her in a bower of Woodstock, which was surrounded by a labyrinth. Here she was, by a silken thread, supposed to have been discovered and poisoned by queen Eleanor, +A.D.+ 1177.

But nothing could this furious queen
Therewith appeased bee:
The cup of deadlye poyson stronge
As she knelt on her knee,

She gave this comelye dame to drinke;
Who took it in her hand,
And from her bended knee arose,
And on her feet did stand.

And casting up her eyes to heaven,
She did for mercye calle;
And drinking up the poyson stronge,
Her life she lost withalle.

Her body was buried in the chapel of Godstow nunnery, where candles were kept continually burning over her tomb until the bishop of Lincoln in 1191 caused them to be removed.

_Dream of Fair Women_;
_Becket_.

ROSE.

The daughter of a gardener who was loved by an artist. The latter gives an elaborate description of her in her youth. In conclusion he says

Behold her there,
As I beheld her ere she knew my heart,
My first, last love; the idol of my youth,
The darling of my manhood,

_Gardener’s Daughter._

ROSE.

Rose, on this terrace fifty years ago,
When I was in my June, you in your May,
Two words ‘_My_ Rose’ set all your face aglow
And now that I am white, and you are gray.

Sister of Mary Boyle.

_Roses on the Terrace._

ROSE. ROSETREE.

A fragrant flower and shrub of the genus _Rosa_ of many species and varieties. It is the favourite of poets and the national emblem of England.

_Ode to Memory_;
_A Spirit Haunts_;
_A Dirge_;
_Adeline_;
_Two Voices_;
_Œnone_;
_Palace of Art_;
_Lotos-Eaters_;
_Gardener’s Daughter_;
_Day-Dream_;
_Lady Clare_;
_Vision of Sin_;
_Enoch Arden_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Lucretius_;
_The Princess_;
_City Child_;
_Hendecasyllabics_;
_The Window_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham_;
_Voyage of Maeldune_;
_The Wreck_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_Tomorrow_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria_;
_Vastness_;
_The Ring_;
_Happy_;
_Romney’s Remorse_;
_Roses on the Terrace_;
_The Snowdrop_;
_Akbar’s Dream_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_Promise of May_;
_The Foresters_.

ROSE-CAMPION.

A garden plant with handsome crimson flowers.

_Last Tournament._

ROSE-CARNATION.

A carnation striped with rose colour.

_In Memoriam._

ROSEMARY.

A small fragrant evergreen shrub of a pungent taste growing in the countries round the Mediterranean. It is used as an emblem of fidelity or constancy.

There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance;

Shakespeare: _Hamlet, Act IV. Scene v._

_Gareth and Lynette._

ROSE OF LANCASTER.

Rose of Lancaster,
Red in thy birth, redder with household war,
Now reddest with the blood of holy men,
Redder to be, red rose of Lancaster--

= Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster.

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

ROUND TABLE.

A Table made by Merlin the magician for Uther the pendragon. Uther gave it to king Leodogran, and when king Arthur married Guinevere Leodogran gave him the table with a hundred knights as a wedding present, which tradition says is still preserved at Winchester. The Table would seat 150 knights and Arthur instituted an order of Knighthood called ‘the Knights of the Round Table’ and each seat was appropriated. One of the seats was called the ‘Siege Perilous’ and was reserved for sir Galahad the Pure, the only knight who could occupy it with safety. Some accounts say that the Round Table was made in token of the roundness of the world, suggested by the movement of the Great Bear round the polar star.

But now the whole +ROUND TABLE+ is dissolved
Which was an image of the mighty world;

and others, that it was constructed in imitation of the table used by our Lord and His disciples at the Last Supper. Round Tables were not unusual in the feudal age, for it is placed on record that one of the kings of Ireland had his ‘Knights of the Round Table.’ Roger de Mortimer established at Kenilworth a Round Table, and Edward III had his Round Table at Windsor said to be 200 feet in diameter. Tradition affirms that the earliest use of the Round Tower at Windsor Castle was as a meeting-place for the knights of the Garter.

_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

RUNNYMEDE.

A meadow on the banks of the river Thames where king John signed the Magna Charta, June 15, 1215.

_Third of February._

RUSSIA.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

RUTH.

Fairer than Ruth among the fields of corn,

_See Ruth ii._

_Aylmer’s Field._

SAÄTAN (Satan).

Heer wur a fall fro’ a kiss to a kick like Saätan as fell
Down out o’ heaven i’ Hell-fire--thaw theer’s naw drinkin’ i’ Hell;

_Northern Cobbler._

SABÆAN.

Dripping with Sabæan spice
On thy pillow, lowly bent
With melodious airs lovelorn,
Breathing Light against thy face,

= the region of Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

_Adeline._

SABINE.

but she
That taught the Sabine how to rule,

Has reference to Egeria, a nymph of ancient Italy who taught Numa the Sabine, king of Rome, the way to govern. He used to meet her in a grove, in which was a well, afterwards dedicated by him to the Camenæ.

_The Princess._

SAGRAMORE.

A knight of the Round Table.

_Merlin and Vivien._

SAHIB.

An Indian term to a person of rank.

_Aylmer’s Field._

ST. ANDREW.

One of the Apostles, brother of St. Peter. Suffered martyrdom by crucifixion at Patræ in Achaia.

_Queen Mary._

ST. JAMES.

they led
Processions, chanted litanies, clash’d their bells,
Shot off their lying cannon, and her priests
Have preach’d, the fools, of this fair prince to come;
Till, by St. James, I find myself the fool.

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of John. Was the first martyr among the Apostles, being put to death by Herod Agrippa. _Acts xii. 2._

_Queen Mary._

ST. JOHN.

What saith St. John:--
‘Love of this world is hatred against God.’

One of the Apostles, son of Zebedee and brother of James. Was banished to the Isle of Patmos, where he wrote the Gospel, the Epistles and the Apocalypse.

_Queen Mary._

ST. LAWRENCE.

The patience of St. Lawrence in the fire.

A deacon of the Church at Rome who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on a gridiron in the time of Valerian, 258 +A.D.+

_Queen Mary._

ST. MARY’S. ST. MARY’S CHURCH.

A church in Oxford where archbishop Cranmer was taken to read his recantation in public, but instead of complying denounced the errors of the Church of Rome.

_Queen Mary._

ST. PAUL.

_Gardiner._ Word of God
In English! over this the brainless loons
That cannot spell Esaïas from St. Paul,
Make themselves drunk and mad, fly out and flare
Into rebellions.

Originally called Saul; the Apostle of the Gentiles.

_Queen Mary._

ST. PETER.

Has reference to St. Peter, the Apostle, originally called Simon.

_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_.

ST. VALERY.

St. V.-sur-Somme, mouth of the river Somme. The port from which William duke of Normandy sailed for England.

_Harold._ Well then, we must fight.
How blows the wind?

_Gurth._ Against St. Valery
And William.

_Harold._

SAL.

A girl who drowned herself in a pond in Gigglesby Wood because she had been disgraced.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

SALADDEEN.

Nay, ev’n the accursed heathen Saladdeen--

Refers to Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, the Saracen leader in the third crusade.

_Becket._

SALAMANCA.

Were _you_ at Salamanca?

Has reference to the conference held in the Convent of St. Stephen at Salamanca, in 1486, to consider the proposals of Columbus. Famous for the victory won by the duke of Wellington over the French, July 22, 1812.

_Columbus._

SALEEM.

thou knowest how deep a well of love
My heart is for my son, Saleem, mine heir,--

Son of Akbar, the Mogul emperor.

_Akbar’s Dream._

SALIQUE.

till warming with her theme
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique
And little-footed China,

The _Laws Salique_ forbad the succession to pass through the female line. The laws originated amongst the Salic or Salian Franks, a German tribe in the fifth century. The accession of Philip the Long to the throne of France in 1337 seems to be the first time on which it received public sanction, Edward III claiming the crown of France in right of his mother Isabella, daughter of the late king Philip V, which claims resulted in the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France.

_The Princess._

SALISBURY (John of).

_See_ =John of Salisbury=.

SALISBURY (Bishop of).

_See_ =Jocelyn=.

SALLY.

The wife of a northern cobbler, who had turned to drink and ruined his home. Sally was obliged to take in washing to ‘keep the wolf from the door,’ and during her absence her husband found her earnings and spent it in drink. Matters got worse, and when drunk one evening he kicked his wife. Good seemed to come out of evil, for when the cobbler saw Sally walking as if lame, he was ashamed and made a promise to touch drink no more.

_Northern Cobbler._

SALLY.

The dead wife of a northern farmer, who must have exerted a great deal of influence over him, for his own words are:

An’ I hallus coom’d to ’s church afoor moy Sally wur deäd,

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

SALLY. SALLY ALLEN.

A servant to farmer Dobson.

_Promise of May._

SALTWOOD. SALTWOOD CASTLE.

A castle near Hythe, in Kent. When Henry II confiscated the property of the See of Canterbury during the time Thomas Becket (_q.v._) was an exile in France, the castle was granted by the king to Randulf de Broc. Upon Becket’s return to England in 1170 he denounced and excommunicated De Broc, and hurled a candle to the floor in Canterbury Cathedral as a symbol of the extinction of the man whom he had cursed. This castle was the destination of the four knights--murderers of Becket--upon their arrival in England from Normandy in 1170, and the place where they laid their plans for the murder of the archbishop, and having accomplished their task, rode back to the castle where they remained during the night of December 30, 1170.

They rode to Saltwood the night of the deed; the next day to South
Malling. On entering the house they threw off their arms and
trappings on the dining-table, which stood in the hall, and after
supper gathered round the blazing hearth. Suddenly the table started
back and threw its burthen to the ground. The attendants, roused
by the crash, rushed in with lights, and replaced the arms. But a
second and still louder crash was heard, and the various articles
were thrown still further off. Soldiers and servants with torches
scrambled in vain under the solid table to find the cause of its
convulsions, till one of the conscience-stricken knights suggested
that it was indignantly refusing to bear the sacrilegious burthen of
their arms--the earliest and most memorable instance of a rapping,
leaping, and moving table.

Stanley: _Memorials of Canterbury._

In the reign of John the castle reverted once more to the possessions of the Church, and during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was in the occupation of various knights as tenants of the archbishop of Canterbury. At the dissolution of the monasteries it was voluntarily presented to Henry VIII by archbishop Cranmer.

_Becket._

SAM. SAMMY.

Foolish son of a modern northern farmer, who, giving him advice as to marriage, says:

‘Doänt thou marry for munny, but goä wheer munny is!’

His father also promised him that if he married ‘a good ’un’ he would leave the land to him.

_Northern Farmer, New Style._

SAMIAN.

whene’er she moves
The Samian Herè rises and she speaks
A Memnon smitten with the morning Sun.’

Refers to Samos an island off Asia Minor, where a large temple in honour of Herè the queen of Heaven was erected, of which remains still exist.

_The Princess._

SANDERS.

A man in a crowd who was rebuked by Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, for wearing his cap before the queen Mary. He offered an explanation that he was so ‘squeezed among the crowd’ he could not lift his hands to his head. He refused at first to give his name to Gardiner, but afterwards said his name was Sanders, and he lived in Cornhill at the Sign of the Talbot.

_Queen Mary._

SANGUELAC.

= A bloody fountain.

According to tradition a Sanguelac, or a bloody fountain, is said to have sprung up on the hill of Senlac after the battle, which prompted William the Conqueror to found Battle Abbey as an atonement for the blood that had been shed, as well as for a commemoration of his victory.

_Harold._

SAN PHILIP.

The flagship of the Spanish fleet in the battle with sir Richard Grenville (_q.v._) off the Azores in 1591.

_The Revenge._

SAN SALVADOR.

An island in the West Indies on which Columbus landed on October 12, 1492. The native name was Guanahani, but Columbus changed it to San Salvador.

and last the light, the light
On Guanahani! but I changed the name;
San Salvador I call’d it;

_Columbus._

SAPPHO.

arts of grace
Sappho and others vied with any man:

A poetess of ancient Greece of the seventh century +B.C.+ She was a native of Mitylene in Lebos and a contemporary of Alcæus and of Pittacus, who banished her from Lebos. Of her poetry only a few fragments remain.

_The Princess._

SARACEN.

Whatever wealth I brought from that new world
Should, in this old, be consecrate to lead
A new crusade against the Saracen,
And free the Holy Sepulchre from thrall.

A name given by the Crusaders to the Mohammedans in the Holy Land.

_Columbus_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_.

SASSENACH WHATE.

‘Ochone are ye goin’ away?
‘Goin’ to cut the Sassenach-whate’ he says ‘over the say’--

= English Wheat.

_Tomorrow._

SATRAP.

when her Satrap bled
At Issus by the Syrian gates,

A governor of a province in ancient Persia.

_Alexander._

SATURN.

Still as, while Saturn whirls, his stedfast shade
Sleeps on his luminous ring.’

The planet of the solar system which revolves on its own axis in about 10½ hours. It is surrounded by a bright ring which, when the shadow Saturn is cast upon it, appears motionless, though the body of the planet revolves.

_Palace of Art._

SAUL.

They say the gloom of Saul
Was lighten’d by young David’s harp.

The first king of Israel, son of Kish of the tribe of Benjamin.

_Queen Mary._

SAUL.

_See_ =Paul=.

SAVOY.

A duchy to the north-east of France.

_Queen Mary._

SCARBORO’ CASTLE.

The Castle, now a ruin, was built in the reign of Stephen, and has been the scene of many stirring events. Piers Gaveston, the favourite of Edward II, sought refuge here from the barons in 1312, but the earl of Pembroke compelled him to surrender and he was beheaded. In the Pilgrimage of Grace it was unsuccessfully besieged by sir Robert Aske. During Wyatt’s rebellion in the reign of Mary, sir Thomas Stafford, grandson of the duke of Buckingham who was an exile in France, sailed from Dieppe with two vessels manned by thirty Englishmen and landing in Yorkshire, surprised and captured the castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his men were executed.

Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull-headed ass,
Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen,
Hath taken Scarboro’ Castle, north of York;

It was in this castle that George Fox, the first of the people called Quakers, was imprisoned for his religious opinions, in the reign of Charles I.

_Queen Mary._

SCARLET.

Will Scarlet, one of the companions of Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest.

_The Foresters._

SCARLETT.

Sir James Yorke Scarlett, son of James Scarlett, first baron Abinger. Appointed General and Leader of the Heavy Brigade in the Crimea, and on October 25 led the famous charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava. In 1855 he was appointed to command the entire British Cavalry in the Crimea.

_Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava._

SCARLETT’S BRIGADE.

The brigade commanded by sir James Yorke Scarlett (_q.v._) at Balaclava, October 25, 1854.

_Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava._

SCIZZARS.

Name of a horse.

Scizzars an’ Pumpy was good uns to goä
Thruf slush an’ squad
When roäds was bad,
But hallus ud stop at the Vine-an’-the-Hop,
Fur boäth on ’em knawed as well as mysen
That beer be as good fur ’erses as men.

_Promise of May._

SCORY (John).

A Dominican Friar born at Acle in Norfolk. On the dissolution of the monasteries he became Chaplain to archbishop Cranmer. Created bishop of Rochester in 1551, and translated to Chichester in the following year. On the accession of Mary he was deprived of his living on account of being married; was compelled by Gardiner to renounce his wife; did penance, and received absolution; and soon afterwards fled to Germany; but returned in the reign of Elizabeth (1558), and was created bishop of Hereford.

_Queen Mary._

SCOTLAND.

_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_The Foresters_.

SCOTS, MARY, QUEEN OF.

Only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise; became queen when only a week old. The more important years of her early life were spent in France, and in 1558 she was married to the Dauphin. On the death of Mary she formally claimed the English crown on the ground that Elizabeth was illegitimate, and in 1560 on the death of her husband returned to Scotland, having escaped the English ships of war sent out by Elizabeth to intercept her. Some years later, in spite of protest, she married her cousin lord Darnley, a man with lack of character and ability, who found himself superseded in the Queen’s counsels by David Rizzio, an Italian and court favourite, who was subsequently murdered in the presence of the queen on March 9, 1566. Three months later her only son (afterwards James VI of Scotland and I of England), was born in Edinburgh Castle. In February 1567, as Darnley was lying ill in a small mansion in Edinburgh it was blown up by the earl of Bothwell; and the queen’s subsequent marriage with the earl lent suspicion that she herself was not wholly ignorant of the plot. The nobles rose in rebellion and the queen escaped to Dunbar, but surrendering at Carberry was conveyed to Loch Leven, where she was compelled to abdicate in favour of her son who was--a few days later--crowned at Stirling. Escaping from Loch Leven castle, she found herself at the head of an army of 6,000 men, which was defeated near Glasgow, and a few days later fled to England, only to find herself a prisoner. Catholic plots were formed to liberate her and place her on the English throne, the chief of which was the Babington plot, which had for its object the assassination of Elizabeth. Letters in Mary’s handwriting approving of the assassination were found, and in September 1586 she was brought to trial. Sentence of death was passed on October 25 of the same year, but it was not until February 1, 1587, that Elizabeth signed the death warrant. The execution took place on the 8th of the same month and her body was buried at Peterborough. In 1612 it was removed to Henry VIII’s chapel at Westminster, where it now lies in a tomb erected by her son James.

_Queen Mary._

SCOTT.

Sir Walter Scott, the Scottish novelist, to whom the poem _The Bandit’s Death_ is dedicated.

_Bandit’s Death._

SCRATBY.

He’ll niver swap Owlby an’ Scratby fur owt but the Kingdom o’
Heaven;

_Church-warden and the Curate._

SCRITCH-OWL.

= the Barn or screech-owl, so called from its screeching cry, and superstitiously regarded as a bird of evil men.

_The Foresters._

’SDEATH.

= An exclamation of anger. Corrupted from _God’s death_.

_The Princess._

SEAL.

I cannot cease to follow you, as they say
The seal does music;

An aquatic carnivorous mammal of the family _Phocidæ_. Like other animals, the seal is said to be strongly attracted by musical sounds.

_The Princess._

SEAMEW--SEA-MEW.

= The sea-gull.

_In Memoriam_;
_Harold_.

SEA-SNAKE.

= A sea-serpent.

_The Mermaid._

SEELING.

Yet while they rode together down the plain
Their talk was all of training, terms of art,
Diet and seeling, jesses, leash and lure.

Has reference to the custom of closing the eyes of a hawk by sewing the eyelids together. This custom was in time superseded by hoods.

_Merlin and Vivien._

SEINE.

Proclaiming social truth shall spread,
And justice, ev’n tho’ thrice again
The red fool-fury of the Seine
Should pile her barricades with dead.

= The Red Republicanism of France.

_In Memoriam._

SENESCHAL.

= A steward. An officer in the house of a prince in the Mediæval ages who had the superintendence of functions, etc.

_The Falcon_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Last Tournament_.

SENLAC. SENLAC HILL.

A hill near Hastings where the battle of Senlac--between Harold and William of Normandy--was fought on October 14, 1066. Battle Abbey, which stands upon the spot where Harold fell, was founded by William to commemorate this battle.

_Harold._

SENS.

A French town. Its original building is the Gothic cathedral of St. Stephen, where are preserved the vestments of Thomas Becket.

_Becket._

SERPENT.

A general term for any reptile of the order _Ophidia_.

_Alexander_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_Demeter and Persephone_.

SEVERN.

The Danube to the Severn gave
The darken’d heart that beat no more:
They laid him by the pleasant shore,
And in the hearing of the wave.

Arthur Henry Hallam died at Vienna on the Danube, and was buried at Clevedon on the Severn.

_In Memoriam._

SEVERN.

but, last,
Allowing it, the Prince and Enid rode,
And fifty knights rode with them, to the shores
Of Severn, and they past to their own land:

King Arthur’s Court being held at Caerleon-upon-Usk, it was necessary for the knights who attended to cross the Severn when returning to their homes.

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_.

SEVILLE.

Let us bang these dogs of Seville, the children of the devil,

A city of Spain and the port from which the squadron which fought sir Richard Grenville off the Azores in 1591 was fitted out.

_The Revenge._

SHAKESPEARE.

A famous English poet, and the greatest of dramatists.

_Palace of Art_;
_You might have won_;
_In Memoriam_;
_To E. Fitzgerald_;
_To W. C. Macready_.

SHALOTT, ISLAND OF.

The enchanted island on which was situated the castle in which dwelt the lady of Shalott (_q.v._).

_Lady of Shalott._

SHALOTT, LADY OF.

_See_ =Lady of Shalott=.

SHAMUS. SHAMUS O’SHEA.

Friend of Danny O’Roon, both of whom were frequent visitors to Katty’s shebeen. Shamus loved Molly Magee and

’Ud ’a shot his own sowl dead for a kiss of ye, Molly Magee.

_Tomorrow._

SHEBA.

No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.’

Refers to the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. _1 Kings x. 1-13._

_The Princess._

SHEBEEN.

= A grog-shop.

_Tomorrow._

SHE-GOAT.

= A female goat.

_Becket._

SHELLEY.

My Shelley would fall from my hands when he cast a contemptuous
glance
From where he was poring over his Tables of Trade and Finance;

= The poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley.

_The Wreck._

SHEPHERD-DOG.

A dog specially trained to help in tending sheep.

_Leonine Elegiacs._

SHERWOOD. SHERWOOD FOREST.

Originally a royal forest situated in the west of the county of Nottingham, but is now almost disafforested, being occupied by gentlemen’s residences, the town of Mansfield, and several villages. It was the scene of the exploits of the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his merry men, and of several conflicts during the Wars of the Roses.

_The Foresters._

SHIAH.

And warms the blood of Shiah and Sunnee,
Symbol the Eternal!

On the death of Mahomet the Church which he had founded was divided into two sections, the Shiahs and the Sunnees. The former are the champions of Ali, the fourth Califf, Mahomet’s nephew, and recognized the right of succession to the prophet to rest with him and his descendants. The Persians belong to this sect. The Sunnees, or Sunnites, accept the teaching of the Prophet as of the same authority as the _Koran_, as their rule of faith and manners, and accept the four Califs--Abu Beker, Omar, Othman and Ali--as the true successors of Mahomet. To this sect the Turks belong.

_Akbar’s Dream._

SHREW.

A small animal resembling a mouse, but having a longer and more pointed nose.

_Gareth and Lynette._

SHRIKE.

A bird of the family _Laniidæ_ having a strong hooked bill. It impales its prey on thorns, hence it is called also the _butcher bird_.

_Maud._

SHUSHAN.

O Vashti, noble Vashti! Summon’d out
She kept her state, and left the drunken king
To brawl at Shushan underneath the palms.

_See Esther iii. 15._

_The Princess._

SICILIAN.

Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called
Calliope to grace his golden verse--

Theocritus, the bucolic poet of Greece, born at Syracuse, in the third century, +B.C.+ His poems, some thirty in number, are pictures of Sicilian life, and are much admired for their beauty and elegance. The date of his death is not known, but it is supposed that for having written some satire of Hiero, king of Syracuse, he was by this king ordered to be strangled in 300 +B.C.+

_Lucretius._

SICILY.

_Queen Mary._

SIEGE PERILOUS.

The Round Table made by Merlin contained 150 sieges. One of these was called the ‘Siege Perilous’ and was reserved for the knight who achieved the quest of the Holy Grail. The Round Table is supposed to have been an imitation of the Table of the Holy Grail made by Joseph of Arimathæa, but whether the vacant seat represented the one in which Christ Himself sat, or the traitor Judas, opinions differ. Every seat at the table was inscribed with the name of its occupant, and the name on the ‘Siege Perilous’ was ‘Galahad the Pure.’

_Holy Grail._

SIGN OF THE TALBOT.

An Inn sign.

_Queen Mary._

SILENT ISLE.

_See_ =Maeldune=.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

SIMEON. SIMEON STYLITES.

A famous monk--founder of a class of recluses, called ‘Pillar-saints’--who lived in extreme seclusion in a Syrian monastery for nine years. At the end of that time he retired to the Syrian desert, where he lived for thirty years on the top of a pillar seventy-two feet high, engaged in prayer and preaching. He died on his pillar at the age of seventy-two and was buried at Antioch. Gibbon’s _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_ gives an account of this monk.

_St. Simeon Stylites._

SIMOIS.

A river of Troy which has its origin in mount Ida. It joins the Scamander, which also has its source in the same mountain, in the plain of Troas, and flowing north-east falls into the Hellespont.

_Œnone._

SIMON. SIMON RENARD.

Spanish ambassador to the English court, time of queen Mary.

_Queen Mary._

SINAÏ.

But in the darkness and the cloud,
As over Sinaï’s peaks of old,
While Israel made their gods of gold,
Altho’ the trumpet blew so loud.

= True Faith is enveloped with perplexity, as God was hidden in the cloud of fire and smoke on Mount Sinai. _Exodus xix. 16._

_In Memoriam._

SINNATUS.

Sinnatus was a libertine, tetrarch of Galatia, but being suspected of infidelity to Rome Antonius, a Roman General, was sent to investigate his honour, and was accompanied by an ex-tetrarch, named Synorix. Some time before he held the tetrarchy, Synorix had become enamoured with Camma, the beautiful wife of Sinnatus, a priestess of Artemis, but being unable to win her by persuasion or force, perpetrated a dreadful deed. He sent to Camma a golden cup embossed with the figure of Artemis, and then by chance fell in with Sinnatus in a hunting expedition. At the end of the day’s sport Sinnatus invited Synorix to his house; where the traitor excited Camma’s fear by swearing that Antonius knew Sinnatus to be false to Rome, and begged her to ask for mercy for her husband at the hands of the Roman General. Camma presented herself at the camp, but instead of Antonius she found Synorix. Drawing her dagger against him, she was disarmed, and Sinnatus rushing to the rescue was slain by Synorix. Camma fled to the Temple for safety, and was subsequently installed Priestess, and Synorix who had been appointed Prince of Galatia, asked for her hand. She accepted him, and crowned herself queen of Galatia; but Camma, learning how treacherously Synorix had deceived her, poisoned the libation in the cup which Synorix had handed to her; and after she had drunk a portion of the liquid she bade him drink the rest; after he had done so she burst into a fierce thanksgiving that she had been permitted to avenge the death of her murdered husband, and she and her would-be betrayer died together.

_The Cup._

SIRENS.

O sister, Sirens tho’ they be, were such
As chanted on the blanching bones of men?

In Greek mythology, the Sirens were sea-nymphs, the virgin daughters of Phorcys. They dwelt on the shores of an island between Circe’s isle and Scylla, and sang with such sweetness that they allured and infatuated all who passed by to draw near, but only to meet with death. In Homer there are two, in later writers three, their names being Ligeia, Parthenope, and Leucothea.

_The Princess._

SIRIUS.

A dog-star, the brightest star in the heavens and one of the stars of the southern Constellation.

_The Princess._

SIRMIO.

The ancient name of modern Sirmione, on the Lago di Garda.

_Frater Ave Atque Vale._

SIRMIONE.

Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda Lake below
Sweet Catullus’s all-but-island, olive-silvery Sirmio!

A promontory which projects from the southern shore of Lake Garda, and still contains the ruins of a villa said to have been the country-house of Catullus, who wrote his poems there. Here Tennyson wrote his _Frater Ave Atque Vale_.

_Frater Ave Atque Vale._

SIX HUNDRED.

Consisted of the 13th Light Dragoons, the 17th Lancers, the 11th Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars, known as the Light Brigade who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava.

Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
‘Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns!’ he said:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.

_Charge of the Light Brigade._

SKIPWORTH.

A farm labourer.

_Promise of May._

SKYLARK.

A lark that mounts towards the sky, and sings on the wing.

_Miller’s Daughter._

SLEUTH-HOUND.

A hound that tracks game by the scent; a bloodhound.

_Gareth and Lynette._

SLOE. SLOE-TREE.

= The Blackthorn.

_The Flight_;
_To Mary Boyle_;
_Amphion_.

SLOW-WORM.

= the blind-worm, a reptile that feeds on earth-worms. According to Skeat a _slay-worm_.

_Aylmer’s Field._

SMITH (Dan).

_See_ =Dan Smith=.

SNAKE.

= a serpent.

_Queen Mary_;
_Œnone_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_The Princess_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Death of Œnone_;
_St. Telemachus_;
_Becket_.

SNIPE.

A bird of the family _Scolopacidæ_, having a long, straight, flexible bill.

_On a Mourner._

SNOWDON.

A mountain in North Wales.

_Golden Year._

SNOWDROP.

A bulbous plant with a white bell-shaped flower, which often appears while the snow is on the ground.

_May Queen_;
_St. Agnes’ Eve_;
_The Princess_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Early Spring_;
_Progress of Spring_.

SOLECISMS.

A name given to the incongruity of language in the combination of a sentence. Supposed to have been derived from the city of Soli in Cilicia, whose inhabitants--in consequence of their intercourse with the natives--spoke very bad Greek.

_The Princess._

SOLENT.

So Harry went over the Solent to see if work could be found;

Separates the Isle of Wight from the mainland.

_First Quarrel._

SOLOMON.

No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.’

Refers to the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. _1 Kings x. 1-13._

_The Princess._

SOLOMON.

but _had_ I brought
From Solomon’s now-recover’d Ophir all
The gold that Solomon’s navies carried home
Would that have gilded _me_?

_See 1 Kings x. 2._

_See_ =Ophir=.

_Columbus._

SOMERSET--SOMERSETSHIRE.

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Promise of May_.

SOOMERSET (Somerset).

_Promise of May._

SOUDAN.

Warrior of God, man’s friend, and tyrant’s foe,
Now somewhere dead far in the waste Soudan,

Refers to the death of general Gordon at Khartoum.

_Epitaph on General Gordon._

SOUTHWARK.

_Queen Mary._

SPAIN.

_The Revenge_;
_Columbus_;
_The Wreck_;
_The Ring_;
_Queen Mary_.

SPANIEL.

A sporting dog, having long and thick hair and large drooping ears.

_Promise of May._

SPARHAWK.

= the sparrow-hawk.

_Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere._

SPARROW.

A small bird of the family _Fringillidæ_.

_Mariana_;
_Amphion_;
_The Window_;
_Maud_;
_Marriage of Geraint_.

SPARROW-GRASS.

A corruption of _Asparagus_.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

SPARROW-HAWK.

= A small European hawk.

_Marriage of Geraint._

SPARTAN.

and why should I not play
The Spartan Mother with emotion, be
The Lucius Junius Brutus of my kind?

Has reference to the idea prevalent among the Spartans that man lived for his country’s welfare and must make any sacrifice in its behalf.

_The Princess._

SPEEDWELL.

A plant with blue, white, or pink flowers.

_Promise of May_;
_In Memoriam_.

SPHINX.

and that smooth rock
Before it, altar fashion’d, where of late
The woman-breasted Sphinx, with wings drawn back,
Folded her lion paws, and look’d to Thebes.

A monster, the daughter of Chimera, represented with the body of a winged lion and breast and head of a maiden. Juno sent her to Thebes, and taking up her abode upon a rock near the city asked every passer-by the following conundrum: ‘What creature walks upon four legs in the morning, upon two at noon, and upon three in the evening?’ and all those who were unable to answer it she punished by throwing them from the rock. Œdipus, son of Laius, however, succeeded in solving the riddle rightly, whereupon she flung herself from the rock and was dashed to pieces.

_Tiresias._

SPIDER.

A web-spinning, apterous insect of the class _Arachnida_.

_The Princess_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

SPLUGEN.

What more? we took our last adieu,
And up the snowy Splugen drew,
But ere we reach’d the highest summit
I pluck’d a daisy, I gave it you.

An Alpine pass in the Grisons.

_The Daisy._

SQUIRREL.

A reddish-brown rodent animal, with a long tufted tail.

_The Princess_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Prologue to General Hamley_;
_The Foresters_.

STAFFORD (Sir Thomas).

_See_ =Thomas Stafford=.

STAG.

A male red-deer.

_Becket_;
_The Cup_;
_The Foresters_.

STAG-TUCKEY.

= A turkey-cock.

_Church-warden and the Curate._

STAMFORD-BRIDGE.

A village on the river Derwent, where king Harold defeated Harold Hardrada (_q.v._) king of Norway on September 25, 1066.

_Harold._

STAMFORD-TOWN.

Weeping, weeping late and early,
Walking up and pacing down,
Deeply mourn’d the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

A town in Lincolnshire.

_Lord of Burleigh._

STANDARD.

= A tree not supported or attached to a wall.

_The Blackbird._

STATES.

He’s gone to the States, aroon, an’ he’s married another wife,
An’ ye’ll niver set eyes an the face of the thraithur agin in life!

= United States.

_Tomorrow._

STEER.

A farmer.

_Promise of May._

STEER (Dora).

_See_ =Dora, Dora Steer=.

STEERS (Family of).

_Promise of May._

STEEVIE.

Name of a man and a cat.

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

STEPHEN (Saint).

The first martyr of the Christian church, stoned to death, +A.D.+ 33. _See Acts vii._

_Two Voices._

STEPHEN.

Name of the lover of the speaker in the poem.

_The Wreck._

STEPHEN.

King of England, son of Stephen, earl of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror; crowned at Westminster 1135. Matilda (_q.v._) daughter of Henry I, and wife of emperor Henry IV, was the legitimate heir to the throne, but Stephen, taking advantage of her absence, obtained possession of it. Matilda landed in England in 1139 and in 1142 Stephen was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln by the earl of Gloucester, and sent to Bristol, but was subsequently released in exchange for Gloucester--who had been captured by the friends of Stephen--and again crowned 1141. Eventually peace was concluded by which it was agreed that Matilda’s son Henry should be Stephen’s successor. For several years he was in conflict with Rome, whereby an interdict was laid upon the kingdom in 1148, and some years later failed to obtain the pope’s sanction to the crowning of his son Eustace. He died in 1154, and was buried in Feversham Abbey, which he had founded.

_Becket._

STEPHEN GARDINER.

_See_ =Gardiner=.

STIGAND.

Archbishop of Canterbury. A Saxon prelate who was created bishop of the East Angles in 1038 by Edward the Confessor. Soon after was deprived, but reinstated in 1044. Created bishop of Winchester in 1047 and in 1052 was translated to Canterbury, but although pope Benedict sent him the Pall, his appointment was generally looked upon as uncanonical.

Old uncanonical Stigand--ask of _me_
Who had my pallium from an Antipope!

On the death of Harold he supported Edgar Atheling, but eventually submitted and crowned William I at Westminster. Some years later he was deprived and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. He died shortly afterwards and was buried in Winchester Abbey.

_Harold._

STOAT.

An animal of the weasel tribe, called the ermine when in its winter dress.

_Gareth and Lynette._

STOCK-DOVE.

A wild pigeon, so called from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees.

_Promise of May._

STORK.

A long-necked and long-legged wading-bird, allied to the heron.

_Talking Oak._

STRASBURG.

_Cranmer._ To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle--our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--

The capital of Alsace-Lorraine.

_Queen Mary._

STRATO.

A Greek name assumed by Synorix.

_The Cup._

STYLITES.

_See_ =Simeon, Simeon Stylites=.

SUCCORY.

A plant of the genus _Cichorium_, having bright blue flowers. Corrupted from chicory.

_Promise of May._

SUFFOLK (Duke of).

Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, marquis of Dorset, father of lady Jane Grey. Supported lady Jane Grey’s accession to the throne, but relinquishing her cause was pardoned by Mary; joined the insurrection against the Spanish marriage and was executed for treason, 1554.

_Queen Mary._

SUFFOLK (Lady).

_Courtenay._ --made you follow
The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox?--
You,
The heir presumptive.

_Queen Mary._

SUMNER-CHACE.

_Talking Oak._

SUMNER-PLACE.

_Talking Oak._

SUNFLOWER.

A plant of the genus _Helianthus_, so-called from its flower, which is a large disc, with yellow rays.

_A Spirit Haunts_;
_In Memoriam_.

SUNNEE.

_See_ =Shiah=.

SUSSEX.

_Harold_;
_Prologue to General Hamley_.

SÚTTEE.

Nor in the field without were seen or heard
Fires of Súttee, nor wail of baby-wife,
Or Indian widow;

A custom prevalent in India for about two thousand years, by which a widow upon the death of her husband burned herself on his funeral pyre.

The Emperor Akbar decreed that every widow who showed the least
desire not to be burnt on her husband’s funeral pyre should be let
free and unharmed.’

_Poet’s Note._

The custom was prohibited in 1829 under lord William Bentinck’s administration.

_Akbar’s Dream._

SWALE.

= A river.

_Harold._

SWALLER.

= A swallow.

_Promise of May._

SWALLOW.

A migratory bird of the family _Hirundinidæ_, with long pointed wings.

_Dying Swan_;
_May Queen_;
_Edwin Morris_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_The Brook_;
_The Princess_;
_The Window_;
_Maud_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_The Ring_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

SWAN.

A large aquatic fowl of the genus _Cygnus_, having a long neck, and noted for its graceful movements in the water.

_Dying Swan_;
_Palace of Art_;
_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Tithonus_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Passing of Arthur_;
_Queen Mary_.

SWEET-GALE.

A shrub having bitter fragrant leaves that grows in marshy places.

_Edwin Morris._

SWIFT.

A bird resembling the swallow.

_Coming of Arthur._

SYCAMORE.

A large tree, allied to the common fig.

_Becket_;
_Audley Court_;
_In Memoriam_.

SYLLA.

I thought that all the blood by Sylla shed
Came driving rainlike down again on earth,

Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a Roman of patrician birth and leader of the aristocratic party in Rome. In 93 +B.C.+ he was prætor, and in 92 +B.C.+ governor of Cilicia. Marcus having revolted against the Senate, Sulla marched to Rome, outlawed Marcus and re-established the power of the Senate. After taking part in several campaigns in Epirus and at Orchomenus, he won the battle of the Colline Gate, outside the walls of Rome, and for having been proscribed he set himself to extirpate his political opponents and caused himself to be proclaimed Dictator in 81 +B.C.+; resigned the dictatorship in 79 +B.C.+, and retired into private life (138-79 +B.C.+)

_Lucretius._

SYLVESTER.

And rail’d at all the Popes, that ever since
Sylvester shed the venom of world-wealth
Into the church, had only prov’n themselves
Poisoners, murderers.

Sylvester the first, pope of Rome from 314-335 +A.D.+

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

SYNORIX.

An ex-Tetrarch of Galatia. _See_ =Sinnatus=.

SYRIAN GATES.

A Pass across mount Taurus by which Alexander the Great entered Cilicia.

_Alexander._

TAÄTE.

= potato.

_Northern Cobbler_;
_Village Wife_.

TABLE, ROUND.

_See_ =Round Table=.

TABOO.

A Polynesian word meaning ‘To forbid.’

_The Princess_;
_Kapiolani_.

TABOR.

A mountain in Galilee which, according to tradition, was the scene of the Transfiguration, but has little evidence in its favour. A church--now in ruins--built by the Crusaders to commemorate the event crowns the summit.

_Queen Mary._

TALBOT.

A large-eared hound, usually white.

_Holy Grail._

TALIESSIN.

A celebrated Welsh Poet who lived in the sixth century. The village of Taliesin, in Cardiganshire, is supposed to be built on the site of his grave. Was one of the first poets to celebrate the deeds of king Arthur.

_Holy Grail._

TALLYHO.

Name of a horse.

_The Brook._

TAMESA.

Bloodily flow’d the Tamesa rolling phantom bodies of horses and men;

The ancient name of the river Thames.

_Boädicea._

TANTIVY.

Name of a horse.

_The Brook._

TARANIS.

Till the face of Bel be brighten’d, Taranis be propitiated.

A god to whom the ancient Britons did sacrifice. Equated with the Roman Jupiter.

_Boädicea._

TARQUIN.

When, brooking not the Tarquin in her veins,
She made her blood in sight of Collatine
And all his peers,

‘The Tarquin’ here = Sextus, the blood of Sextus.

_Lucretius._

TARQUIN.

That your own people cast you from their bounds,
For some unprincely violence to a woman,
As Rome did Tarquin.

Tarquin the second, seventh king of Rome. He was, together with his family, expelled about 510 +B.C.+, on account of the outrage committed by his son Sextus on Lucretia, wife of Tarquinius Collatinus. He made several attempts to regain his throne, but being finally defeated fled to Cumæ, where he died.

_The Cup._

TEL-EL-KEBIR.

The scene of a memorable victory by the British forces under sir Garnet Wolseley over the Egyptian troops of Arâbi Pasha, September 13, 1882.

_Prologue to General Hamley._

TELEMACHUS.

Son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was an infant when his father went to the Trojan war, and after twenty years’ absence Telemachus went to seek him. Having visited Pylos and Sparta he returned to Ithaca, where his mother’s suitors conspired to murder him, but under the guidance of Pallas Athene he discovered his father, and they together succeeded in slaying the suitors. Upon his father’s death he married Cassiphone, and some time after had the misfortune to kill his mother-in-law; he fled to Italy and founded Clusium.

_Ulysses._

TELEMACHUS (Saint).

An eastern monk, who went to Rome +A.D.+ 404 to protest against the cruelties of the amphitheatre. He sprang into the arena, and endeavoured to separate the gladiators, but was stoned to death by the spectators. His act and death led to the abolition of the exhibitions.

_St. Telemachus._

TEMPLE BAR.

A famous London gateway. Rebuilt after the great fire by Wren in 1660-73, it was removed in 1878-79, and re-erected in Theobald’s Park, Cheshunt, in 1888.

_Queen Mary._

TENERIFFE.

The great flame-banner by Teneriffe,

Has reference to the Pico-de-Teyde, a famous volcanic mountain in the island of Teneriffe, which was in eruption when Columbus sailed past the island on the night of August 23-24, 1492.

_Columbus._

TETRARCH.

A governor of the fourth part of a country under the Roman empire. Herod Antipas and Philip were called Tetrarchs because they ruled the fourth part of the former kingdom of their father Herod the Great. _See_ _Matthew xiv._ and _Luke iii._

_The Cup._

TETRARCHY.

Part of a province under a Tetrarch.

_The Cup._

THAMES.

_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_.

THANE.

In Anglo-Saxon times a title of a dignitary.

_Harold._

THEBES.

An ancient city of Greece. The walls of Thebes were anciently believed to have arisen to the music of fairy harps. _See_ =Amphion=. The city was besieged and taken by Alexander the Great. The walls were broken down, and not a single building was left standing, except the house of Pindar, the Greek poet, whose songs Alexander had always admired.

_Tiresias._

THEOBALD.

Archbishop of Canterbury; of Norman blood. Appointed to Canterbury in 1137 and joined Matilda against Stephen, but on the latter’s release from prison submitted and crowned him at Canterbury; attended the pope’s council at Rheims in 1148, although forbidden by Stephen; upon his return was deprived and fled to France; returned and became reconciled to Stephen; refused to crown Stephen’s son Eustace, was imprisoned, but escaping fled to Flanders; recalled and brought about a peace between Matilda and Stephen, and on his deathbed recommended to Henry II Thomas Becket as his successor.

_Becket._

THEODOLIND.

Queen of the Lombards, and wife, first of king Authari (+A.D.+ 589), and then of Agilulf.

_The Daisy._

THERMOPYLÆ.

= ‘the hot gates.’ A famous pass in Greece, leading from Thessaly into Locris and Phocis. Celebrated for a battle which was fought there +B.C.+ 480, between Xerxes and the Greeks; also of Greece’s struggles against Brennus and the Gauls, +B.C.+ 279.

_Third of February._

THESSALIAN.

And I will work in prose and rhyme,
And praise thee more in both
Than bard has honour’d beech or lime,
Or that Thessalian growth,

Has reference to the oracular oaks of Dodona in Epirus. Dodona was an ancient Greek religious centre with a temple dedicated to Zeus, and the priests interpreted the will of the god by the wind rustling through the leaves of the oak or beech trees.

_Talking Oak._

THIMBLEBY.

A notorious character who was with Noäks when a keeper was shot dead. For the crime Noäks was hanged.

Noäks or Thimbleby--toäner ’ed shot ’um as deäd as a naäil.
Noäks wur ’anged for it oop at ’soize--but git ma my aäle.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

THIRLBY.

Thomas Thirlby, the only bishop of Westminster, and successively bishop of Norwich and Ely; as prolocutor to Canterbury Convocation he signed the decree annulling Henry VIII’s marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1540; and the same year was created bishop of Westminster. In 1543 and 1545 he was ambassador to the emperor Charles V of Spain; opposed the Act of Uniformity; appointed to Norwich 1550, and in 1554 translated to Ely by Mary; presided at the trial of bishop Hooper; ambassador to the pope 1555; assisted at the degradation of Cranmer in 1556. On the accession of Elizabeth he refused to take the oath of supremacy, deposed 1559; and continuing to preach against the Reformation was imprisoned 1560 (1506-1570).

_Queen Mary._

THISTLE.

A genus of prickly plants. The national emblem of Scotland.

_Amphion_;
_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_;
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts_;
_Riflemen form!_

THOMAS. THOMAS BECKET.

Son of Gilbert Becket. He was educated at Merton Priory and in 1142 entered the household of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; promoted the cause of Henry II against Stephen’s son Eustace; and thus won the favour of that king who in 1155 made him Lord Chancellor; supported Henry’s campaign in Toulouse where he displayed great valour. Upon the death of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, he was appointed to the vacant See, and resigned the office of Lord Chancellor. Like all the Norman kings Henry endeavoured to keep the clergy subordinate to the State and called upon the bishops to sign the ‘customs.’ Becket refused, but afterwards upon an order from pope Alexander III submitted, but refused to seal the Constitution of Clarendon in 1164. In the same year he was summoned to a council at Northampton, to account for various sums of money received by him during his capacity as Chancellor. He appeared at the Council arrayed in his robes, and holding in his hand his cross appealed to the pope; but judgment being given against him he left the palace, stole away by night, and reaching Sandwich put off in a little boat and reached the Flemish coast. During his six years’ exile in France he resided at Pontigny Abbey and at Sens, while Henry confiscated the property of his See. In 1170 he had an interview with Henry at Freteval, in which the king promised to give him the ‘kiss of peace’ when they met in England, and on December 1 of the same year Becket landed at Sandwich and immediately excommunicated the archbishop of York and the bishops of London and Salisbury for having crowned Henry’s son king. Fresh quarrels broke out and Henry, in a fit of passion, exclaimed ‘of all the cowards that eat my bread, is there none will rid me of this turbulent priest?’ Four knights--Reginald Fitzurse (_q.v._), William de Tracy (_q.v._), Hugh de Morville (_q.v._) and Richard de Brito (_q.v._) overheard these hasty words and leaving Normandy entered Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170, and demanded from Becket the absolution of the bishops whom he had excommunicated and an acknowledgment of the king’s supremacy; and upon Becket’s refusal slew him before the altar of St. Benedict in the North Transept. Two years afterwards he was canonized, and in 1220 his bones were exhumed from the nave in the crypt and enshrined in a chapel in the cathedral, where they were for three centuries a favourite object of pilgrimage.

_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_.

THOMAS GRESHAM.

Sir Thomas Gresham, son of sir Richard Gresham and founder of the Royal Exchange and the Gresham College.

_Queen Mary._

THOMAS HOWARD.

Lord Thomas Howard, first earl of Suffolk; distinguished himself against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and commanded the squadron which was attacked by the Spanish Fleet off the Azores in 1591; created earl of Suffolk in 1603 by James I; lord high treasurer in 1614, and in 1618 was fined and imprisoned for embezzlement.

_The Revenge._

THOMAS OF CANTERBURY.

_See_ =Thomas, Thomas Becket=.

THOMAS STAFFORD.

Son of lord Stafford and a relative of cardinal Pole; opposed the Spanish marriage and was compelled to seek refuge in France. During the Wyatt insurrection sailed from Dieppe with two ships manned by thirty Englishmen, and landing in Yorkshire surprised and captured Scarborough Castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of Westmorland, and Stafford and all his followers were executed.

Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull-headed ass,
Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen,
Hath taken Scarboro’ Castle, north of York.

_Queen Mary._

THOMAS WHITE.