Chapter VII: Part 7

the fifth of Aragon, second of Aragon and Sicily, and third of Naples, born at Sos in Aragon; married Isabella of Castile, sister of Henry IV, a step by which these ancient kingdoms were united. It was during his reign that Columbus sailed from Spain on his voyages of discovery, Ferdinand granting him three ships for the purpose.

_Columbus._

FERIA.

A Spanish count who came to England with Philip II as one of his ministers. Married in 1558 to Jane Dormer, second daughter of sir William Dormer. He was a bigoted Catholic, and an enemy of Elizabeth, and notwithstanding his apparently friendly speeches, urged Philip to an armed interference in England. In a letter full of friendliness Philip announced to Elizabeth that Feria’s services were required in Flanders, and accordingly he left England. He died in August 1571.

_Queen Mary._

FERN.

The popular name of the order of cryptogamic plants called _Filices_.

_Edwin Morris_;
_Talking Oak_;
_Enoch Arden_;
_The Brook_;
_The Princess_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)_;
_Harold_.

FERRAR (Robert E.)

Bishop of St. David’s. Was an Augustinian Canon and monk of St. Mary’s Priory, Oxford; became a convert to the reformed religion, but was compelled to recant; created bishop of St. David’s by Edward VI; deprived 1554, and being charged by Gardiner with having violated his monastic vow was burnt to death, 1555.

let ’em look to it
Cranmer and Hooper, Ridley and Latimer,
Rogers and Ferrar, for their time is come
Their hour is hard at hand, their ‘dies Iræ’
Their ‘dies Illa,’ which will test their sect.

_Queen Mary._

FIGTREE.

A small tree, with lobed, rough and deciduous leaves, cultivated in warm climates for the sake of its fruit.

_The Princess._

FILIPPO.

Foster-brother to count Federigo degli Alberighi.

_The Falcon._

FINE-FACE.

According to Tennyson sir Kay was addressing sir Lancelot, but referring to sir Gareth, who was a kitchen-scullion at the palace of king Arthur.

fair and fine, forsooth!
Sir Fine-face, Sir Fair-hands? but see thou to it
That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day
Undo thee not--and leave my man to me.’

_Gareth and Lynette._

FINN.

And we wallow’d in beds of lilies, and chanted the triumph of Finn,

According to tradition an Irish leader of the third century, and the son of Cumall the hero of the _Ossianic tales_. After his defeat in County Meath he escaped, but was slain soon afterwards at Athbrea. Other authorities say he did not die but passed to the blessed land. In this, as in many other respects, he resembled the British king Arthur.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

FIR.

The name of several species of cone-bearing trees, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lover’s Tale_.

FIRE-FLY.

A name applied to many phosphorescent insects, some giving forth a steady light, others flashing light intermittently.

_Locksley Hall_;
_The Princess_.

FISHER (JOHN).

Bishop of Rochester, born at Beverley; was distinguished at Cambridge and became chaplain to the mother of Henry VIII who had him appointed first lady Margaret professor of divinity in 1503. In the following year he was elected Chancellor of the University and bishop of Rochester; fined for denying the validity of the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, 1534; and in the same year was with sir Thomas More sent to the Tower for refusing to swear to the Act of Supremacy; deprived and beheaded by order of the king, 1535. He was beatified in 1886.

_Queen Mary._

FITZ.

Edward Fitzgerald, English poet and translator, and a friend of Tennyson; first met at the home of James Spedding, in the Lake District. Upon his death in 1883, Tennyson wrote the following lines:

Gone into darkness, that full light
Of friendship, past, in sleep, away
By night, into the deeper night!
The deeper night? A clearer day
Than our poor twilight dawn on earth--
If night, what barren toil to be!
What life, so maim’d by night, were worth
Our living out? Not mine to be
Remembering all the golden hours
Now silent, and so many dead,
And him the last.

_Life of Tennyson._

Some years later his widow wrote to the poet thanking him for dedicating _Tiresias_ to the memory of her late husband.

_To E. Fitzgerald._

FITZURSE.

_See_ =Reginald, Reginald Fitzurse=.

FLAG-FLOWER.

= the Iris; an original of the _fleur-de-lys_ in the arms of France.

_Miller’s Daughter._

FLANDERS.

A former name of a country of Europe extending along the North Sea from the Straits of Dover to the river Scheldt.

_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_.

FLEA.

An insect remarkable for its great agility.

_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Queen Mary_.

FLEECE, THE.

Name of an Inn.

‘The Bull, the Fleece are cramm’d; and not a room
For love or money.

_Audley Court._

FLEUR-DE-LYS.

The flower of the lily. A bearing in the French Arms of the house of Bourbon, represented by three lilies, as emblematic of royalty.

_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._

FLORA.

A famous portrait by Titian, the famous Italian painter, and representation in Roman mythology of the goddess of Flowers and the Spring.

‘will you climb the top of Art,
You cannot fail but work in hues to dim
The Titianic Flora.

_Gardener’s Daughter._

FLORA.

The lady Flora, to whom is related by a young man deeply in love with her, the familiar fairy tale of the _Sleeping Beauty_. At the time she was working in the drawing room at her embroidery. In conclusion, he told her that he would gladly slumber for a hundred years if at the end of that time he could awake her with a kiss.

_The Day-Dream._

FLORENCE.

A famous Italian city, in the valley of the Arno. It is the city of Dante, Petrarch, Angelo and many more of Italy’s great men.

_The Brook_;
_The Daisy_;
_Maud_;
_To Dante_;
_The Falcon_.

FLORES.

One of the Azores islands. Discovered in 1439 by Vanderberg, it was near this island that sir Richard Grenville in the reign of Elizabeth fought his famous sea-fight.

At Flores in the Azores Sir Richard Grenville lay,
And a pinnace, like a flutter’d bird, came flying from far away:

_The Revenge._

FLORIAN.

A friend of prince Arac, one of the three who gained admission to princess Ida’s college. He was described by prince Arac as

my other heart,
And almost my half-self, for still we moved
Together, twinn’d as horse’s ear and eye.

_The Princess._

FLORIDA.

Ev’n as the warm gulf-stream of Florida
Floats far away into the Northern seas
The lavish growths of southern Mexico.

_Mine be the strength._

FLORIO.

Only child of the lady Giovanna, who married count Federigo deghli Alberighi.

_The Falcon._

FLOWERING ISLE.

And we hated the Flowering Isle, as we hated the isle that was mute,

_Voyage of Maeldune._

_See_ =Maeldune=.

FLUR.

The daughter of Mygnach Gorr and the betrothed of Cássivëlaún (_q.v._), a king of Britain. Mwrchan, a Gallic chief carried her away to Gaul, but Cássivëlaún invaded Gaul with 60,000 men and gaining a victory, rescued her.

_Marriage of Geraint._

FOLIOT (Gilbert).

_See_ =Gilbert Foliot=.

FONSECA (Juan Rodriguez de).

Archdeacon of Seville; appointed commissioner to superintend the fitting-out of Columbus’ second voyage from Spain. A capable man, but of a very crafty disposition, he objected to the number of footmen which Columbus proposed for his domestic household, and the matter being referred to Ferdinand he was ordered to carry out Columbus’ wishes. Fonseca subsequently became archbishop of Toledo and Patriarch of the Indies.

_Columbus._

FORGET-ME-NOT.

A small herb, with beautiful blue flowers, and considered the emblem of fidelity.

_Miller’s Daughter_;
_The Brook_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Promise of May_.

FORTUNE.

And affluent Fortune emptied all her horn.

In Roman mythology the goddess of good luck. She was worshipped at a great number of shrines under various titles; but is represented here as holding in her hand the horn of plenty.

_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington._

FORUM, THE.

The Baths, the Forum, gabbled of his death,

Was originally the marketplace of the city, but afterwards the centre of the religious, civil and political life of the city.

_The Princess_;
_St. Telemachus_;
_To Virgil_.

FOX.

An animal of the dog family, remarkable for cunning.

_Walking to the Mail_;
_Day-Dream_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Village Wife_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Promise of May_.

FOXGLOVE.

= a plant, whose leaves are used as a medicine.

_Two Voices_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)_;
_The Foresters_.

FRANCE.

_Dream of Fair Women_;
_The Captain_;
_The Princess_;
_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington_;
_Aylmer’s Field_;
_In Memoriam_;
_To the Queen, II_;
_In the Children’s Hospital_;
_Columbus_;
_To Victor Hugo_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_.

FRANCHE-COMTE.

An ancient province in East France, added to the crown of France at the peace of Nimeguen in 1671. It extends from the Saône to the Jura mountains.

_Queen Mary._

FRANCIS. FRANCIS ALLEN.

Friend of Everard Hall who had written an _Epic_ about king Arthur. At the house of Francis on Christmas eve, four college friends sat round the fire talking of Christmas customs. Everard was asked what he had done with his _Epic_. Francis replied that Everard had burnt it, but he had been fortunate enough to save the eleventh book from the flames and forthwith produced it.

_The Epic_;
_Morte d’Arthur_.

FRANCIS. FRANCIS HALE.

A farmer’s son, who lived at Torquay, and a friend of Everard Hall. Was present with him at a picnic at Audley Court as

‘The Bull, the Fleece are cramm’d, and not a room
For love or money. Let us picnic
At Audley Court.’

They spent an enjoyable evening, eating homely fare, discussing politics, the king and matters nearer home, and ended the picnic by entertaining each other with a song.

He sang his song, and I replied with mine:

and returned in the dusky moonlight to Torquay.

_Audley Court._

FRANCIS OF ASSISI.

Founder of the Franciscan order, born at Assisi in Umbria (1182). Began life as a soldier, but at the age of twenty-four he gave himself up entirely to religious life. He died in 1226 and was canonized in 1228.

_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._

FRANK.

_See_ =Francis, Francis Allen=.

FRANKFORT.

On-the-Main, one of the old free cities of Germany.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle--our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--

_Queen Mary._

FRIAR TUCK.

Robin Hood’s chaplain. He is represented as being fat and very self-indulgent, and a very humorous character. He was a monk of Fountains Abbey, which was of the Cistercian order, and wore a red corded girdle ornamented with gold twist, red stockings and a wallet. He was nick-named ‘Tuck’ on account of his dress being tucked at the waist by a girdle.

In this our spacious Isle, I thinke there is not one,
But he hath heard some talke of him and Little _John_;
And to the end of time, the Tales shall ne’er be done,
Of _Scarlock_, _George a Greene_ and _Much_, the Millers sonne,
Of _Tuck_, the merry Frier, which many a Sermon made,
In praise of _Robin Hood_, his Out-lawes, and their Trade.’

Drayton: _Polyolbion. Five and twentieth Song._

_The Foresters._

FROG.

An amphibious animal of the genus _Rana_, remarkable for its activity in swimming and leaping.

_On Translations of Homer._

FROTHFLY.

Also called froth-worm and frog-fly; a small insect which in its larva state is found on plants, enveloped in a frothy liquid.

_Aylmer’s Field._

FULVIA.

The first wife of Mark Antony and a woman of dissolute character. In 40 +B.C.+, during Antony’s absence from Rome, she raised a revolt in Italy against Augustus, and was besieged in Perusia. On its fall she escaped and fled to Antony. Cleopatra likens her to Eleanor, the queen of Henry II, hence:

You should have clung to Fulvia’s waist, and thrust
The dagger thro’ her side.’

_Dream of Fair Women._

FURY--FURIES.

The three Greek goddesses of vengeance: named Alecto (She who rests not); Tisiphone (avenger of murder); and Negara (the jealous one). They were the daughters of Gaia and Uranus, and resided at the court of Pluto. They punished without mercy all wicked doers, haunting them on earth and scourging them in hell.

_Vision of Sin_;
_Lucretius_;
_In Memoriam_;
_Maud_;
_Sisters (Evelyn and Edith)_.

FURZE.

A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers.

_Becket._

FUZZ.

= Furze.

_Northern Farmer, Old Style._

GABRIEL.

The archangel, who announced to the Virgin Mary the solemn intimation that God had elected her to be the mother of the Messiah. _Daniel vii. 15-27._ _Luke i. 26._

By the Mohammedans he is called the ‘Holy Spirit’ and ‘Spirit of Truth’ and is believed to have dictated the _Koran_ to Mahomet.

_Milton._

GAD-FLY.

A fly which deposits its eggs in the skin of cattle.

_The Princess_;
_The Foresters_.

GAFFER.

Then yelp’d the cur, and yawl’d the cat;
Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gammer.
The goose flew this way and flew that,
And filled the house with clamour.

= A rustic.

_The Goose._

GAFFER DEATH.

but if
You starve me I be Gaffer Death himself.

= A Goodman.

_The Foresters._

GALAHAD.

Son of sir Lancelot and Elaine and a Knight of the Round Table. Famous in Arthurian legend for his success in the quest of the Holy Grail. Malory says: ‘and he was named Galahad because sir Launcelot was so named at the fountain-stone; and after that, the Lady of the Lake confirmed him sir Launcelot du Lake.’ He was known as the knight of the ‘long isles’ and was always clad in white armour. His sword was the one which Balin released from the scabbard brought by the damsel to the court of king Arthur, and his shield was snow-white on which Joseph of Arimathæa made a cross with his blood. Sir Galahad was called the ‘perfect knight,’ being the only knight who could sit in the ‘Siege Perilous,’ a seat reserved for the knight who was successful in his search for the Holy Grail. Sir Galahad, with sir Bors and sir Percivale went in quest of the Grail, but only Galahad was permitted to see the vision with the bodily eyes after which his soul was borne to heaven.

_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Becket_.

GALATIA.

An ancient district of Asia Minor. It derived its name from the Gauls who took possession of it in the third century +B.C.+ In 25 +B.C.+, during the reign of Augustus, Galatia was made a Roman province.

_The Cup._

GALATIAN ARTEMIS.

_See_ =Ephesian Artemis=.

GALAXY.

Like to some branch of stars we see
Hung in the golden Galaxy.

The Milky Way, or the luminous band of stars stretching across the heavens.

_Lady of Shalott._

GALEN.

_See_ =Court-Galen=.

GALILEE.

for she walks,
Wearing the light yoke of that Lord of love
Who still’d the rolling wave of Galilee!

Has reference to Christ rebuking the storm on the Sea of Galilee. _Matthew viii. 26_; _Mark iv. 39_; _Luke viii. 24_.

_Aylmer’s Field._

GAMA.

Father of princess Ida. Prince Arac says:

His name was Gama; crack’d and small his voice,
But bland the smile that like a wrinkling wind
On glassy water drove his cheek in lines;
A little dry old man, without a star,
Not like a king:

Prince Arac visited him, and reminded him of the former compact. Gama explained to Arac the new ideas of Ida concerning the college for women, and said his chance of winning her was almost as nothing. Gama suggested war, but the prince objected to its almost inevitable accompaniments, and wished to win his bride in some better way.

_The Princess._

GAMEL.

A Northumberland Thane, son of Orm. Was by treachery murdered by earl Tostig, who had invited him into his room on pretence of peace.

_Harold._

GAMMER.

Then yelp’d the cur, and yawl’d the cat;
Ran Gaffer, stumbled Gammer.
The goose flew this way and flew that,
And fill’d the house with clamour.

= An old woman.

_The Goose._

GANYMEDE.

A beautiful youth, son of Tros, king of Dardania, whom Zeus, attracted by his beauty, carried off disguised as an eagle to heaven, and conferring immortality upon him, made him cup-bearer to the gods in place of Hebe. As a compensation to Tros, Zeus presented him with four immortal horses for his chariot.

Or else flush’d Ganymede, his rosy thigh
Half-buried in the Eagle’s down,
Sole as a flying star shot thro’ the sky
Above the pillar’d town.

_Palace of Art_;
_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_The Princess_.

GARCIA (Villa).

_See_ =Villa Garcia=.

GARDA. GARDA LAKE.

An Italian lake on the edge of the plain of Lombardy.

_Queen Mary_;
_Frater Ave Atque Vale_.

GARDINER (Stephen).

Bishop of Winchester, born 1483. Private secretary to Wolsey; in 1528 sent as ambassador to pope Clement VII, he obtained a second commission on the royal divorce question; after Wolsey’s fall acted as secretary to Henry VIII; created bishop of Winchester 1531; ambassador in France 1531-32; falling into disfavour he was ousted from the council and the chancellorship of Cambridge, deprived of his see, and was imprisoned in the Tower during the whole of the reign of Edward VI. On Mary’s accession he was liberated, reinstated, and made Lord Chancellor; opposed the Spanish marriage and advocated severe measures against Elizabeth, whom he caused to be declared illegitimate by Act of Parliament. He died in 1555.

_Queen Mary._

GARETH.

A Knight of the Round Table, who ‘underwent the sooty yoke of kitchen-vassalage.’ Malory says that he

‘was the youngest son of Lot, king of Orkney and Morgawse, Arthur’s
sister,’

but according to Tennyson he was

‘the last and tallest son of Lot king of Orkney and of Bellicent his
wife.

In order to please his mother he concealed his name and served as kitchen-knave at Arthur’s court for a twelve-month and a day, and on account of his large hands was by sir Kay nicknamed Fair-hands:

And since he hath no name, I shall give him a name that shall be
Beaumains, that is Fair-hands.

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book VII. chap. i._

At the end of the twelve-month he was knighted, and a maiden called Lynette (_q.v._) went to king Arthur to ask for a knight to deliver her sister Lyonors (_q.v._), who was held captive in Castle Perilous. The king gave the quest to Gareth, but Lynette became indignant and treated him with indignity, calling him ‘a master of dishes and a kitchen knave.’ He bravely endured her insults, and eventually won her admiration by his courageously slaying the four knights who kept the passage to Castle Perilous and liberating her sister, whom, according to Malory, he married. Tennyson however makes him marry Lynette.

And he that told the tale in older times
Says that Sir Gareth wedded Lyonors,
But he, that told it later, says Lynette.

Gareth was slain by sir Lancelot in the rescue of Guinevere from the stake.

_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_.

GARGARUS.

Behind the valley topmost Gargarus
Stands up and takes the morning:

The highest peak of the Ida range rising about 4,600 feet above the level of the sea.

_Œnone._

GARLON.

A Knight of the Round Table. He was a man of secrecy, and went about invisible inflicting wounds. He was slain at a feast by Balin in revenge for having slain two of his (Balin’s) knights.

Soon Balin asked a knight. Is there not a knight in this court
whose name is Garlon? Yonder he goeth, said a knight, he with the
black face; he is the marvellest knight that is now living, for he
destroyeth many good knights, for he goeth invisible.... Therewith
this Garlon espied that this Balin behind him, and then he came and
smote Balin on the face with the back of his hand.... Give me the
truncheon, said Balin to his lady, wherewith he slew your knight ...
and therewith Balin smote him through the body, and said openly, With
that truncheon thou hast slain a good knight, and now it sticketh in
thy body.

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book II. chap. xiv._

_Balin and Balan._

GARRICK.

David Garrick, dramatist, born at Hereford, 1717; was a pupil of Samuel Johnson, whom he accompanied to London in 1737. Four years later he commenced his career as an actor and in 1747 became, with Lacy, joint-proprietor of Drury Lane Theatre, which he continued to direct until his retirement from the stage in 1776, when he sold his half-share for £35,000. He died in 1779, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. In all Saints Church, Hereford, a brass plate bears the following inscription: ‘In memory of David Garrick, who was born in this parish, and baptized in this Church, 28th February 1717, and was interred in Westminster Abbey.’

_To W. C. Macready._

GASCON.

and most amorous
Of good old red sound liberal Gascon wine:

= Wine from Gascony, a province of France.

_Becket._

GAWAIN.

A Knight of the Round Table, son of king Lot, nephew of king Arthur, and brother of Modred and Gareth. He was the second of the fifty knights created by Arthur, and was considered to be the most reckless and irreverent of them all. He fought with, and struck off the head of sir Priamus, but the headless knight picked up his head again and walked away, requesting sir Gawain to meet him twelve months hence. Gawain kept the appointment and was sumptuously entertained by Priamus. Gawain counselled king Arthur not to be over hasty in punishing Guinevere for her unfaithfulness. Gawain was considered at first to be the hero of the quest of the Holy Grail, but was deprived of that honour by Malory. According to the prophecy of Merlin Gawain fell in fighting for king Arthur against sir Lancelot in Benwick; and previous to the ‘last weird battle in the west’ Arthur is represented as seeing the ghost of Gawain ‘blown along a wandering wind’ and crying out.

Then, ere that last weird battle in the west,
There came on Arthur sleeping, Gawain kill’d
In Lancelot’s war, the ghost of Gawain blown
Along a wandering wind, and past his ear
Went shrilling, ‘Hollow, hollow all delight!
Hail, King! to-morrow thou shalt pass away.
Farewell! there is an isle of rest for thee.
And I am blown along a wandering wind,
And hollow, hollow, hollow all delight.’

To which sir Bedivere replied:

‘O me, my King, let pass whatever will,
Elves, and the harmless glamour of the field;
But in their stead thy name and glory cling
To all high places like a golden cloud
For ever: but as yet thou shalt not pass.
Light was Gawain in life, and light in death
Is Gawain, for the ghost is as the man;
And care not thou for dreams from him, but rise--
I hear the steps of Modred in the west,

_Coming of Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

GEMINI.

The Twins, two stars in the southern hemisphere, named Castor and Pollux.

_Maud_;
_The Foresters_.

GENEVA.

A city of Switzerland.

To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle--our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--

_Queen Mary._

GEOFFREY (of Monmouth).

A Welsh monk and celebrated chronicler and ecclesiastic of the twelfth century, born in Monmouth, where he was educated in a Benedictine monastery. In this monastery there is a chamber--with a projecting window, called ‘Geoffrey’s window’--said to have been used by the monk as a study. Chaplain till 1128 to count William of Normandy; archdeacon of Monmouth, 1140; created bishop of St. Asaph 1152. His chief work is _Chronicon sive Historia Britonum_, which was the basis of a number of works of the Arthurian cycle (1100-1154).

_To the Queen, II._

GEOFFREY. GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET.

Son of Rosamund and Henry II.

_Becket._

GEORGE.

Patron Saint of England, represented on horseback slaying a dragon. He is supposed to have sprung from Cappadocia, and to have suffered martyrdom under Diocletian, +A.D.+ 303. The historian Gibbon identifies him with George of Cappadocia the Arian archbishop of Alexandria, who, for his tyranny and oppression was massacred by the people, December 24, 361. Clapton in his _Life of St. George_, says:

It is unfortunate that the life history of this saintly martyr has
been absurdly mixed up, even by the historian Gibbon, with that of
the Arian George of Cappadocia, who lived more than half a century
later, became by fraud archbishop of Alexandria, and turned out so
great a villain that he was lynched by his own people, and his body
cast into the sea.

The historical reason for the introduction of the saint in England is this:--In the wars of the Crusades he is said to have appeared at the head of a large army, carrying a banner with a red cross engraved upon it, to help Godfrey de Bouillon against the Saracens at the siege of Antioch.

A bloodie Crosse he bore,
The deare remembraunce of his dying Lord.

In a vision Richard Cœur de Lion was bidden to take for his battle-cry ‘Saint George for England.’ This he did, and won the day, and St. George was adopted by Richard as his patron saint.

By the decree of the Council of Oxford, in 1222, the festival of St. George assumed a national character, but it was not until 1349, in the reign of Edward III, that he was definitely recognized as the nation’s patron saint.

About 126 churches are dedicated to his honour, and it was under the flag of St. George that Nelson won the battle of the Nile. The Union Jack, the national flag of Great Britain and Ireland, consists of a combination of the three crosses of St. George, St. Andrew and St. Patrick, denoting the union of England, Scotland and Ireland.

At St. Neot in Cornwall, the life of the saint is depicted in twelve panels of stained glass, beneath each of which is a Latin scroll:

1. S. George fights against the Gauls.

2. He is captured by them and slain at the shrine of the Blessed
Virgin, who

3. brings him back to life from the grave, and

4. arms him.

5. He rescues Princess Cleodolinda and slays the dragon.

6. He is arrested for treason and brought before the king.

7. His body is torn with rakes.

8. On hands and knees he is ridden by the emperor’s son.

9. He is heavily weighted and hung by the wrists.

10. He is set in boiling lead.

11. He is dragged by a wild horse.

12. He is beheaded.

_The Foresters._

GERAINT.

A tributary prince of Devon, and brother of Gareth and one of the Knights of the Round Table. He was married to Enid (_q.v._) only child of Yniol. Overhearing the latter part of her speech, he charged her with unfaithfulness, and commanded her to put on her meanest dress and follow him silently through the world. Being wounded in fighting against the Saxons, Enid nursed him with such devotion that he could no longer doubt her fealty, confessed his error, and they lived together happily.

nor did he doubt her more,
But rested in her fealty, till he crown’d
A happy life with a fair death, and fell
Against the heathen of the Northern Sea
In battle, fighting for the blameless King.

_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_.

GERMANY.

_On Translations of Homer_;
_Becket_.

GHOUL.

An imaginary eastern demon, who was supposed to subsist on human flesh.

_Ancient Sage._

GIDEON.

The Israelite judge, who was appointed by God to destroy the altar and groves of Baal. With a small army of 300 men he gained a complete victory over the Midianites. _See Judges, chap. vii._ The reference here is to Napoleon, who with a mighty army thought to conquer the world, but was defeated by the British both in Egypt and at Trafalgar--

‘at Trafalgar yet once more
We taught him: late he learned humility
Perforce, like those whom Gideon school’d with briers.

_Buonaparte._

GIGGLESBY GREEÄN.

But wa boäth was i’ such a clat we was shaämed to cross Gigglesby
Greeän,

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

GIGGLESBY HINN.

Sa we boäth on us kep out o’ sight o’ the winders o’ Gigglesby
Hinn--

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

GIGGLESBY WOOD.

By the claäy’d-oop pond, that the foälk be sa scared at, i’
Gigglesby wood,

_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._

GILBERT BECKET.

A London merchant and a native of Rouen; father of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury.

_Becket._

GILBERT FOLIOT.

Bishop of London, prior of Clugny and Abbeville and afterwards abbot of Gloucester; created bishop of Hereford in 1147, and translated to London in 1163; opposed election of Becket to the archbishoprick of Canterbury, and refused to yield him obedience; excommunicated by Becket in 1167, and again in 1169, but was absolved at Rouen in the following year; consecrated Henry II’s eldest son for which act he was again excommunicated and again absolved in 1172.

_Becket._

GILEADITE.

The daughter of the warrior Gileadite,
A maiden pure; as when she went along
From Mizpeh’s tower’d gate with welcome light,
With timbrel and with song.

Has reference to Jephthah, one of the Judges of Israel. _See Judges xi._

_Dream of Fair Women._

GILLYFLOWERS.

A name given by old writers to the clove pink.

_Aylmer’s Field._

GIOVANNA (The Lady).

_See_ =Federigo degli Alberighi=.

GLASTONBURY.

A city in Somerset, built in the form of a cross and situated on the peninsula formed by the river Brue called the Isle of Avalon. It was one of the earliest centres of Christianity in Britain; its abbey is supposed to have been founded by Joseph of Arimathæa, and the place where he is represented to have landed in his boat with the Holy Grail. On setting foot on land he planted his pilgrim’s staff which took root, and grew into a holy thorn which miraculously blossomed every old Christmas-eve until it was cut down by a puritan soldier, who was maimed in the act. A graft of the thorn is however supposed to exist. King Arthur is supposed to have been buried in the abbey.

_Balin and Balan_;
_Holy Grail_.

GLIMMER-GOWK.

= An owl.

_Village Wife._

GLO’STER (Gloucester).

_Becket._

GLOW-WORM.

A beetle of the genus _Lampyris_, having phosphorescent structures on the abdomen.

like a glow-worm in the night
The which hath fire in darkness, none in light:

Shakespeare: _Pericles, Act II. Scene iii._

_Vision of Sin_;
_The Princess_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

GNAT.

A genus of troublesome winged insects of numerous species.

_Caress’d or Chidden_;
_Day-Dream_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Vastness_;
_Harold_.

GNOME.

An imaginary creature, represented as a protector of mines and quarries.

_Merlin and the Gleam._

GOAN PADRE.

And when the Goan Padre quoting Him,
Issa Ben Mariam, his own prophet, cried
‘Love one another little ones,’ and ‘bless’
Whom? even ‘your persecutors’!

_Goan_: a place in India. _Padre_: a priest.

_Akbar’s Dream._

GOAT.

A ruminating quadruped, allied to the sheep.

_Œnone_;
_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Locksley Hall_;
_The Princess_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Passing of Arthur_.

GODIVA.

Wife of Leofric, earl of Mercia and lord of Coventry. About 1040, in order to save Coventry from excessive taxation, she consented to ride naked through the streets of that city. The deed is commemorated by a stained-glass window in St. Michael’s Church, Coventry, bearing the inscription:

I Luriche, for the love of thee,
Doe make Coventre tol-free.

The legend of the prying, inquisitive tailor, who looked out of a window being struck blind was also commemorated in an effigy of ‘Peeping Tom of Coventry’ which long protruded from an upper window in High Street, adjoining the King’s Head Tavern.

_Godiva._

GODSTOW. GODSTOW NUNNERY.

He bad me put her into a nunnery--
Into Godstow, into Hellstow, Devilstow!
The Church! the Church!
God’s eyes!

A nunnery on the banks of the Isis, two miles from Oxford, the ruins of which may still be seen. It was founded in the reign of Henry I by Editha, a lady of Winchester. Rosamund de Clifford (_q.v._), the mistress of Henry II, was buried here in 1177.

_Becket._

GODWIN.

Earl of the West Saxons, being appointed by Canute; married a daughter of Ulf, Canute’s brother-in-law. In 1042 took a prominent part in raising to the English throne Edward the Confessor, to whom he married his daughter Edith, and headed the national party against the Norman favourites. On the accession of Jumiéges to the See of Canterbury the old charge of having caused the death of Alfred the Atheling was revived, and in 1051 was, with his sons, outlawed and took refuge with count Baldwin of Flanders. He returned in the following year and was restored to favour, and died in 1054 of apoplexy while dining with the king.

_Harold._

GOLDEN FLEECE.

and five days after that
He met the bailiff at the Golden Fleece,

The name of an Inn. Has reference to the fleece of a ram which Phryxos, after he had sacrificed it to Zeus, gave to Æetes, king of Colchis, who hung it on a sacred oak, and had it guarded by a dragon. It was however stolen by Jason in his Argonautic expedition.

_The Brook._

GOLDEN FLEECE.

An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip, duke of Burgundy.

hanging down from this
The Golden Fleece--and round his knee, misplaced
Our English Garter,

_Queen Mary._

GOLD-LILY.

_Edwin Morris._

GOLDSMITHS (Immanuel).

_See_ =Immanuel Goldsmiths=.

GOLIATH.

There is one
Come as Goliath came of yore--he flings
His brand in air and catches it again,
He is chanting some old warsong.

Has reference to the landing in England of William, duke of Normandy. _See 1 Samuel xvii._

_Harold._

GOOD FORTUNE.

Name of a ship.

prosperously sail’d
The ship ‘Good Fortune,’ tho’ at setting forth
The Biscay, roughly riding eastward,

_Enoch Arden._

GOOSE.

An aquatic fowl of the genus _Anser_.

_The Goose_;
_The Brook_;
_Maud_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.

GORGON.

A hideous looking creature with a hissing serpent on her head in place of hair, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. Perseus, son of Zeus and Danäe, being armed with a sharp sickle, discovered the Gorgons asleep, cut off Medusa’s head, and thrusting it into a bag flew away, being pursued by two other gorgons.

Lest Gorgon rising from the infernal lakes,
With horrors arm’d, and curls of hissing snakes,
Should fix me, stiffen’d at the monstrous sight,
A stony image, in eternal night!

Homer: _Odyssey, Book XI._

_Death of Œnone._

GORLOÏS.

Lord of Tintagel in Cornwall. He is by some authorities considered to be the father of king Arthur. His daughter Bellicent became the wife of Lot, king of Orkney.

Sir, for ye know that in King Arthur’s time
The prince and warrior Gorloïs, he that held
Tintagil castle by the Cornish sea,
Was wedded with a winsome wife, Ygerne:

_Coming of Arthur._

GORSE.

= the furze, a prickly shrub with yellow flowers.

_Voyage of Maeldune._

GRACES.

The Graces were three goddesses named Aglaïa, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, representing Grace, Gentleness and Beauty.

_Vision of Sin_;
_The Princess_.

GRAIL.

_See_ =Holy Grail=.

GRAMERCY.

A word formerly used to express thanks.

_The Foresters._

GRASSHOPPER.

An insect that lives among grass, closely allied to the locust.

_Leonine Elegiacs_;
_Œnone_;
_Becket_.

GRANADA.

_Queen Mary._

GRAY (Edward).

_See_ =Edward Gray=.

GRAYHOUND.

A tall slender dog kept for the chase, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness.

_Harold._

GRAYLING.

And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling.

A silvery-gray fish of the salmon genus.

_The Brook._

GREAT SEAL.

The principal seal of England with which all state documents are stamped.

_Becket._

GREAT SILENCE.

Ay, sir,
Inherit the Great Silence.

= be killed.

_Queen Mary._

GREECE.

_Œnone._

GREENWICH.

_Queen Mary._

GREGORY.

I, true son
Of Holy Church--no croucher to the Gregories
That tread the kings their children underheel--

Refers to the popes in general, more particularly to Gregory VII, pope of Rome from 1073 to 1085 +A.D.+

_Becket._

GREGORY.

Did not Great Gregory bid St. Austin here
Found two archbishopricks, London and York?

= Gregory I, pope of Rome from 590 to 604 +A.D.+

_Becket._

GREGORY.

Not to a Gregory of my throning! No.

_Becket._

GRENVILLE (Sir Richard).

_See_ =Richard, Richard Grenville=.

GRESHAM (Sir Thomas).

_See_ =Thomas Gresham=.

GREYS.

The Scots Greys, who, with the 2nd squadron of Inniskillings made the famous charge at Balaclava.

_Charge of the Heavy Brigade at Balaclava._

GRIFFIN.

A fabulous monster represented as half lion and half eagle.

_Holy Grail_;
_Merlin and the Gleam_.

GRIFFYTH.

A king of Wales; joined with Elfgar, earl of East Anglia, and gathering a large army of Welshmen and Irishmen invaded England. The earl of Hereford, king Edward’s nephew, met him, but was defeated, and Griffyth sacked the city of Hereford and burnt the Cathedral to the ground. Harold, earl of Wessex, afterwards king of England, was sent by Edward the Confessor to avenge this disaster, and with earl Tostig succeeded in suppressing the rebellion (1063). In the same year Griffyth was slain by his own men and his head brought to Harold who sent it to the king.

_Harold._

GRIM (Edward).

Thou art but yesterday from Cambridge, Grim;
What say ye there of Becket?

A monk of Cambridge. Was cross-bearer to Thomas Becket. When the four knights--murderers of Becket--entered Canterbury Cathedral, Grim stood by the archbishop during his altercation with them, and shielded him from their violence until his own arm was nearly cut off by a stroke aimed at the primate. Falling to the ground, he crawled away to the altar where the other clerks had taken refuge, and escaped with his life. He was the author of a biography of Becket.

_Becket._

GUANAHANI.

An island in the West Indies on which Columbus first landed on October 12, 1492, and to which he gave the name of San Salvador.

and last the light, the light
On Guanahani! but I changed the name;
San Salvador I call’d it;

_Columbus._

GUERNSEY.

Second in size and population of the Channel Islands.

_Queen Mary._

GUILDFORD DUDLEY.

Fourth son of the first duke of Northumberland. At the instigation of his father--whose object was to get the succession of the crown transferred from Mary--he married lady Jane Grey, daughter of the duke of Suffolk. The plot however failed, and upon the accession of Mary, Dudley was committed to the Tower, and thence to trial at the Guildhall, where he was condemned, sentenced to death and beheaded on Tower Hill, February 12, 1554.

_Queen Mary._

GUINEA-HEN.

An African bird of the pheasant family, having dark-gray plumage variegated with small white spots.

_The Brook._

GUINEVERE.

Daughter of Leodogran, king of Cameliard.

Leodogran, the King of Cameliard,
Had one fair daughter, and none other child:
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.

After king Arthur had assisted king Leodogran in clearing his kingdom of wild beasts and heathen hordes, he sent three of his knights to Leodogran to ask for the hand of Guinevere, and Leodogran consenting they were married by Dubric, at Camelot, in the church of St. Stephen’s. She entertained a guilty passion for sir Lancelot (_q.v._) and was in consequence condemned to be burnt. When she was at the stake she was rescued by Lancelot, who carried her off to his castle at Joyous Guard, which castle was besieged by Arthur. Ultimately Guinevere was given up by Lancelot, and received back by Arthur, who, on the advice of Gawain waged a second war on Lancelot in Benwick. During the absence of Arthur on his expedition against the Romans, Modred, nephew of Arthur, who had been left in charge of the kingdom, traitorously proclaimed himself king, and seized Guinevere whom he kept prisoner. Upon receiving the news, Arthur hurriedly returned, and defeating Modred rescued Guinevere. After the battle, she with two other queens received Arthur in a barge and conveyed him to the Isle of Avalon, where he died, after which Guinevere retired to the nunnery at Almesbury.

And when queen Guenever understood that king Arthur was slain ... she
went to Almesbury, and there she let make herself a nun, and wore
white clothes and black.

Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book XXI, chap. vii._

and on the death of the Abbess was chosen as her successor, and remained head of the establishment for a period of three years.

And likewise for the high rank she had borne,
Was chosen Abbess, there, an Abbess lived
For three brief years, and there, an Abbess, past
To where beyond these voices there is peace.

Her death being revealed to Lancelot in a dream, he proceeded to Almesbury, and taking the body of the queen he laid it by the side of king Arthur in the chapel of Glastonbury.

_Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_.

GUISNES.

A town near Calais. The garrison commanded by lord Grey was besieged and surrendered to the duke of Guise in the reign of Mary.

_Queen Mary._

GULISTAN.

A Persian word for rose-garden.

‘O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan
Shall burst her veil:

_The Princess._

GULL.

A web-footed sea-fowl of the genus _Larus_.

_Pelleas and Ettarre._

GURNION.

The scene of king Arthur’s eighth battle against the Saxons:

where Arthur bore the image of the Holy Virgin, Mother of God, upon
his shoulders, and through the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, and
the holy Mary, put the Saxons to flight, and pursued them the whole
day with great slaughter.

Nennius: _Six Chronicles._

It is however supposed to have been the head of the Virgin Mary engraven on the shield borne by Arthur.

and again
By castle Gurnion, where the glorious King
Had on his cuirass worn our Lady’s Head,
Carved of one emerald center’d in a sun
Of silver rays, that lighten’d as he breathed;

_Lancelot and Elaine._

Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware,
That shind, like twinkling stars, with stones most pretious rare.
And in the midst thereof one pretious stone
Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous mights,
Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding shone,
Like Hesperus amongst the lesser lights,
And strove for to amaze the weaker sights:

Spenser: _Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto vii._

Amazement runs before the towering casque
Of Arthur, bearing through the stormy field
The virgin sculptured on his Christian shield:--

Wordsworth: _Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Part I. Stanza x._

The Castle of Gurnion is generally considered to have been in Wales.

_Lancelot and Elaine._

GURTH.

Earl of East Anglia and son of earl Godwin; accompanied his father in exile in 1052, and returned with him the following year; succeeded to the earldom of East Anglia in 1057. He accompanied his brother Harold to the battle of Stamford-bridge. Gurth advised Harold not to appear in person against William, but to stay and guard the city of London. Fought by the side of Harold at the battle of Senlac, where he threw a spear at the charger ridden by the Conqueror and killed it; but William rushed forward on foot and slew Gurth with his own hand.

_Harold._

GUY.

Count of Ponthieu. Earl Harold sailing one day in a fishing boat in the English Channel was driven by storm on the coast of Ponthieu, and was taken prisoner by Guy, count of Ponthieu. Harold, however, sent a message to duke William of Normandy complaining of the treatment he had received, and asking his interference. William ordered his release, and invited him to his court, when it is said he persuaded Harold to swear to assist him to the crown of England upon Edward’s death.

drave and crack’d
His boat on Ponthieu beach; where our friend Guy
Had wrung his ransom from him by the rack,

_Harold._

GWYDION.

Who, after, turn’d her daughter round, and said,
She never yet had seen her half so fair;
And call’d her like that maiden in the tale,
Whom Gwydion made by glamour out of flowers,

The tale is that of ‘Math,’ son of Mathonwy, who, with Gwydion sought to form, by enchantment, a wife for Llew.

So they took the blossoms of the oak, and the blossoms of the broom,
and the blossoms of the meadow-sweet, and produced from them a
maiden, the fairest and most graceful that man ever saw.

Guest: _The Mabinogion: Math the Son of Mathonwy._

_Marriage of Geraint._

GYNÆCEUM.

The women’s quarters in a Greek house.

_The Princess._

HALCYON.

= the kingfisher.

_Progress of Spring._

HALE (Francis).

_See_ =Francis, Francis Hale=.

HALL (Everard).

_See_ =Everard, Everard Hall=.

_The Epic_;
_Morte d’Arthur_.

HAMAN.

but all those that held with him,
Except I plead for them, will hang as high
As Haman.

Has reference to Haman, king Ahasuerus’ chief minister, who was hanged on the gallows which he had erected for Mordecai. _Esther vii._

_The Foresters._

HAMILTON (Lady).

The daughter of a labourer, born at Ness, Cheshire, in 1763. For some years she lived under the protection of sir William Hamilton, whom she married in 1791. She was a woman of extraordinary beauty, and is immortalized in many portraits by Romney.

What! the Lady Hamilton?
Good, I am never weary painting you.

She subsequently became the mistress of lord Nelson, and although a widow with a fortune, fell into debt and died in poverty in 1815.

_Romney’s Remorse._

HAMPDEN.

The single note
From that deep chord which Hampden smote
Will vibrate to the doom.

Has reference to John Hampden who withstood the illegal exaction of Charles I in 1627, and whose refusal to pay ship money in 1635 to his being tried before the court of exchequer; and although judgment was given against him, the country expressed itself strongly on the side of Hampden and the Long Parliament reversed the decision of the court.

_England and America._

HAMPTON COURT.

A palace situated on the Thames erected by Cardinal Wolsey in 1515, and presented by him to Henry VIII in 1526. Mary, Elizabeth, Cromwell, the Stuarts, William III, and other monarchs have resided there, but since the time of George II it has ceased to be a royal residence, and is now occupied by pensioners of the crown.

_Queen Mary._

HANNIE (Annie).

Eldest child of the village squire, disliked by the village wife.

Hes fur Miss Hannie the heldest nes now be a-grawin’ sa howd,
I knaws that mooch o’ sheä es it beänt not fit to be towd!

_Village Wife._

HANOVER SHIP.

And curse me the British vermin, the rat;
I know not whether he came in the Hanover ship,
But I know that he lies and listens mute
In an ancient mansion’s crannies and holes:

Has reference to the Norwegian rat, which came to England during the eighteenth century. This rat infests ships and thus was carried into countries where they were unknown. The Jacobites claimed that this rat had come to England with the House of Hanover in 1714, when George Ludwig, elector of Hanover, succeeded Anne on the English throne, hence it was called the ‘Hanoverian rat.’

_Maud._

HAPPY ISLES.

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

The Isles of a happy abode for the departed, identified with the Canaries and the Azores.

_Ulysses._

HARDRADA.

Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, who, at the invitation of earl Tostig (_q.v._) came to England and defeated Edwin and Morcar at the battle of Fulford in Yorkshire, but was in turn defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford-bridge, Hardrada and Tostig being among the slain.

May all invaders perish like Hardrada!
All traitors fail like Tostig!

_Harold._

HARE.

A rodent of the genus _Lepus_, with long ears, a short tail, soft hair, and a divided upper lip.

_Aylmer’s Field_;
_The Foresters_.

HAREBELL.

A small branching plant with pale blue bell-shaped flowers.

_The Princess_;
_Promise of May_.

HARFLEUR.

A French village on the estuary of the Seine. In the Hundred Years’ War it was taken after a six months’ siege by the English under Henry V (1415), and during the succeeding twenty years changed hands three times. The town was lost to England on November 4, 1435.

_Harold._

HAROLD.

King of England, second son of earl Godwin. Was in 1051 along with his father banished, and took refuge with count Baldwin of Flanders. He returned the following year, and on Godwin’s death became earl of Wessex, and the right hand of king Edward the Confessor. In 1064 he was shipwrecked on the coast of Ponthieu and taken prisoner by Guy (_q.v._) count of Ponthieu. Harold complained to duke William of Normandy of the treatment he was receiving at the hands of the count, and asked his interference. William ordered his release, invited him to his court, where it is said he made him swear that he would, on the death of Edward the Confessor, help to make him king of England. On the death of Edward Harold was proclaimed king. His younger brother Tostig (_q.v._) rebelled, and invited over to England Harold Hardrada (_q.v._), king of Norway. Hardrada sailed up the Humber and with Tostig defeated the English troops at Fulford Bridge in Yorkshire. Harold however marched to meet them, and joined forces with them at Stamford-bridge, where, after a bloody struggle, he won a complete victory on September 25, 1066, Tostig and Hardrada being among the slain. Four days later, news arrived that duke William of Normandy had landed at Pevensey. Harold marched southward, and with his troops occupied the hill of Senlac, near Hastings. There he was visited by a monk who urged him to yield to the pope, who had given encouragement to the claims of William. Harold in anger repudiated Rome’s authority:

Back to that juggler,
Tell him the Saints are nobler than he dreams,
Tell him that God is nobler than the Saints,
And tell him we stand arm’d on Senlac Hill,
And bide the doom of God.

The battle, which lasted from nine o’clock in the morning until after sunset was fought on October 14, 1066, and after a desperate struggle the English were defeated, owing to their allowing the pretended flight of the Normans to draw them from their impregnable position on the hill, Harold himself being slain by an arrow which pierced his eye. Harold’s body was found upon the field of battle, and was, by William, ordered to be buried there, saying ‘He guarded the shore when living, let him guard it now he is dead,’ but afterwards he permitted it to be interred at Waltham Abbey.

_Harold._

HAROLD (King of Norway).

_See_ =Hardrada=.

HAROLD (Mr. Philip Edgar).

_See_ =Eva=.

_Promise of May._

HAROLD THE SAXON.

_See_ =Harold (King of England)=.

_The Foresters._

HAROUN ALRASCHID.

(Aaron the Orthodox.) The most renowned of the Bagdad caliphs, succeeded to the Caliphate in 786 +A.D.+ He maintained a magnificent court where he gathered round him a company of poets and scholars. He was a contemporary of Charlemagne, and figures as the chief character in the _Arabian Nights_.

_Recollections of the Arabian Nights._

HARRY.

‘Ere yet, in scorn of Peter’s-pence
And number’d bead, and shrift,
Bluff Harry broke into the spence
And turn’d the cowls adrift:

Has reference to the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII.

_Talking Oak._

HARRY.

One of the sons of an old woman, who outlived all her children. She fancied they were not dead, but were all about her yet.

While Harry is in the five-acre and Charlie ploughing the hill,
And Harry and Charlie, I hear them too--they sing to their team:

He died at the age of sixty.

_Grandmother._

HARRY.

Husband of Ellen, with whom she quarrelled on account of a letter written him by a girl in Dorsetshire. Harry wrote his wife assuring her that all would come right again. He left for Jersey, stating he had found work there, but while crossing the boat went down and he was drowned. His wife, who had refused to say good-bye to him, felt she was to blame.

_First Quarrel._

HARRY BOLINGBROKE.

Henry IV--surnamed Bolingbroke, from the place of his birth--king of England from 1399 to 1418; the first of the Lancastrian kings; eldest son of John of Gaunt and grandchild of Edward III. After spending some time of his life in exile at Paris, he invaded England, and owing to the misrule of his cousin Richard II had little difficulty in deposing that monarch and assuming the crown. This usurpation of the throne gave rise to civil strife known as the Wars of the Roses, which broke out during the reign of Henry VI.

Harry of Bolingbroke
Had holpen Richard’s tottering throne to stand,
Could Harry have foreseen that all our nobles
Would perish on the civil slaughter-field,

During his reign wars were successfully undertaken against the Welsh under Glendower, and against the rebellion of the Percies in their attempt to win the crown for Mortimer. A statute for the burning of heretics--the first in England for the suppression of religious opinion--was passed during his reign (1366-1413).

_Queen Mary._

HARRY OF MONMOUTH.

_See_ =Henry V=.

HARRY THE EIGHTH.

_See_ =Henry VIII=.

HARRY THE SEVENTH.

_See_ =Henry VII=.

HARRY THE SIXTH.

_See_ =Henry VI=.

HARWICH.

A seaport in Sussex.

_Queen Mary._

HASTINGS (Francis).

Second earl of Huntingdon, eldest son of George Hastings, first earl. Joined the duke of Northumberland against the protector Somerset, and on October 13, 1549, conducted Somerset to the Tower. In order to strengthen his alliance with Northumberland married his son Henry to Northumberland’s daughter Katherine on the same day as lord Guildford Dudley married lady Jane Grey. He was one who signed the agreement to maintain lady Jane Grey’s succession to the crown, and on the death of Edward VI joined Northumberland in declaring her Queen. By order of Mary was arrested and sent to the Tower; being released, was sent down to Leicester to suppress the revolt headed by the duke of Suffolk, whom he brought back a prisoner to the Tower in February 1555. After obtaining several minor appointments under Mary and Elizabeth he died at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in 1561.