Chapter III: Pluralism, 39

EFFORTS TOWARD RECONCILIATION, 39
THE NEW CONCEPTION OF CHANGE OF THE PLURALISTS, 40
THE NEW CONCEPTION OF THE UNCHANGING OF THE PLURALISTS――THE
ELEMENT, 40
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CONCEPTION OF THE EFFICIENT CAUSE, 41
SUMMARY OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE THEORIES OF
THE RECONCILERS, 41
THE PLURALISTIC PHILOSOPHERS: EMPEDOCLES, ANAXAGORAS,
LEUCIPPUS, AND THE LATER PYTHAGOREANS, 42
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EMPEDOCLES, 44
THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANAXAGORAS, 45
THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE ATOMISTS――LEUCIPPUS AND THE SCHOOL
AT ABDERA, 47
THE LATER PYTHAGOREANS, 48
1. The Pythagorean Conception of Being, 49
2. The Pythagorean Dualistic World, 51
3. Pythagorean Astronomy, 52
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT, 53

CHAPTER IV. THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERIOD: THE PHILOSOPHY OF
MAN, 55
AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERIOD, 55
THE PERSIAN WARS AND THE RISE OF ATHENS, 56
THE GREEK ENLIGHTENMENT, 58
1. The Impulse for Learning, 58
2. The Practical Need of Knowledge, 59
3. The Critical Attitude of Mind, 61
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOPHISTS, 64
THE PROMINENT SOPHISTS, 67
THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOPHISTS, 68
1. The Relativism of Protagoras, 69
2. The Nihilism of Gorgias, 70
THE ETHICS OF THE SOPHISTS.――THE APPLICATION OF THEIR
CRITICAL THEORY TO POLITICAL LIFE, 71
SUMMARY, 73

CHAPTER V. SOCRATES, 74
SOCRATES AND ARISTOPHANES, 74
THE PERSONALITY AND LIFE OF SOCRATES, 75
SOCRATES AND THE SOPHISTS, 80
THE UNSYSTEMATIC CHARACTER OF THE SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY, 82
THE IDEAL OF SOCRATES, 83
WHAT THE SOCRATIC IDEAL INVOLVES, 85
THE TWO STEPS OF THE METHOD OF SOCRATES, 88
SOCRATES AND ATHENS, 91
THE LOGICAL EXPEDIENTS OF SOCRATES, 92
SOCRATES AND THE LESSER SOCRATICS, 93
THE CYNIC SCHOOL, 95
THE CYRENAIC SCHOOL, 96

CHAPTER VI. THE SYSTEMATIC PERIOD, 98
THE WANING OF THE GREEK NATIONAL SPIRIT, 98
THE PLACE OF THE THREE SYSTEMATIC PHILOSOPHERS IN GREEK
HISTORY, 98
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEMATIC PERIOD, 100
A SUMMARY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY, 102
GREEK PHILOSOPHY (OBJECTIVE), 103
DEMOCRITUS AND PLATO――THEIR SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES, 104
THE LIFE OF DEMOCRITUS, 106
THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THE AIM OF DEMOCRITUS, 108
THE ENRICHED PHYSICS OF DEMOCRITUS――HYLOZOISM BECOMES
MATERIALISM, 109
THE MATERIALISTIC PSYCHOLOGY OF DEMOCRITUS, 111
DEMOCRITUS’ THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE――THE WORLD OF TWOFOLD
REALITY, 114
THE ETHICAL THEORY OF DEMOCRITUS, 116