Chapter XVII: Act V: SCENE I. The woods. Before Timon's cave.2644

_Enter_ Poet _and_ Painter; TIMON _watching them from his cave_.[2645]

_Pain._ As I took note of the place, it cannot be far[2646][2647]
where he abides.[2646]

_Poet._ What's to be thought of him? does the rumour[2648]
hold for true, that he's so full of gold?[2648]

_Pain._ Certain: Alcibiades reports it; Phrynia and
Timandra[2648][2649] 5
had gold of him: he likewise enriched poor straggling[2648]
soldiers with great quantity: 'tis said he gave unto[2648]
his steward a mighty sum.[2648]

_Poet._ Then this breaking of his has been but a try for[2648][2650]
his friends.[2648] 10

_Pain._ Nothing else: you shall see him a palm in Athens[2648]
again, and flourish with the highest. Therefore 'tis not amiss[2648]
we tender our loves to him in this supposed distress of his:[2648]
it will show honestly in us, and is very likely to load our[2648]
purposes with what they travail for, if it be a just and
true[2648][2651] 15
report that goes of his having.[2648]

_Poet._ What have you now to present unto him?[2648]

_Pain._ Nothing at this time but my visitation: only I[2648]
will promise him an excellent piece.[2648]

_Poet._ I must serve him so too, tell him of an intent[2648] 20
that's coming toward him.[2648]

_Pain._ Good as the best. Promising is the very air o' the[2648][2652]
time: it opens the eyes of expectation: performance is ever[2648]
the duller for his act; and, but in the plainer and simpler[2648]
kind of people, the deed of saying is quite out of use.
To[2648][2653] 25
promise is most courtly and fashionable: performance is a[2648]
kind of will or testament which argues a great sickness in[2648]
his judgement that makes it.[2648][2654]

[_Timon comes from his cave, behind._

_Tim._ [_Aside_] Excellent workman! thou canst not[2648]
paint a man so bad as is thyself.[2648][2655] 30

_Poet._ I am thinking what I shall say I have provided[2648]
for him: it must be a personating of himself; a satire against[2648]
the softness of prosperity, with a discovery of the infinite[2648]
flatteries that follow youth and opulency.[2648]

_Tim._ [_Aside_] Must thou needs stand for a villain in[2648] 35
thine own work? wilt thou whip thine own faults in other[2648]
men? Do so, I have gold for thee.[2648]

_Poet._ Nay, let's seek him:[2656]
Then do we sin against our own estate,[2656]
When we may profit meet, and come too late.[2656] 40

_Pain._ True;[2656]
When the day serves, before black-corner'd night,[2656][2657]
Find what thou want'st by free and offer'd light.[2656]
Come.[2656][2658]

_Tim._ [_Aside_] I'll meet you at the turn. What a god's
gold,[2659] 45
That he is worshipp'd in a baser temple[2659][2660]
Than where swine feed![2659][2661]
'Tis thou that rigg'st the bark and plough'st the foam,[2662]
Settlest admired reverence in a slave:
To thee be worship! and thy saints for aye[2663][2664] 50
Be crown'd with plagues, that thee alone obey![2664]
Fit I meet them.[2665] [_Coming forward._

_Poet._ Hail, worthy Timon!

_Pain._ Our late noble master!

_Tim._ Have I once lived to see two honest men?[2666]

_Poet._ Sir, 55
Having often of your open bounty tasted,[2667]
Hearing you were retired, your friends fall'n off,
Whose thankless natures--O abhorred spirits!--[2668]
Not all the whips of heaven are large enough--[2669]
What! to you,[2670] 60
Whose star-like nobleness gave life and influence
To their whole being! I am rapt, and cannot cover[2671][2672]
The monstrous bulk of this ingratitude[2672]
With any size of words.

_Tim._ Let it go naked, men may see't the better:[2673] 65
You that are honest, by being what you are,
Make them best seen and known.[2674]

_Pain._ He and myself
Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts,[2675]
And sweetly felt it.

_Tim._ Ay, you are honest men.[2676]

_Pain_. We are hither come to offer you our service.[2677] 70

_Tim._ Most honest men! Why, how shall I requite you?[2678]
Can you eat roots, and drink cold water? no.

_Both._ What we can do, we'll do, to do you service.[2679]

_Tim._ Ye're honest men: ye've heard that I have gold;[2679][2680]
I am sure you have: speak truth; ye're honest men.[2681] 75

_Pain._ So it is said, my noble lord: but therefore
Came not my friend nor I.[2682]

_Tim._ Good honest men! Thou draw'st a counterfeit[2683]
Best in all Athens: thou'rt indeed the best;[2684]
Thou counterfeit'st most lively.

_Pain._ So, so, my lord. 80

_Tim._ E'en so, sir, as I say. And, for thy fiction,[2685]
Why, thy verse swells with stuff so fine and smooth
That thou art even natural in thine art.
But, for all this, my honest-natured friends,[2686]
I must needs say you have a little fault: 85
Marry, 'tis not monstrous in you; neither wish I[2687]
You take much pains to mend.

_Both._ Beseech your honour
To make it known to us.

_Tim._ You'll take it ill.

_Both._ Most thankfully, my lord.

_Tim._ Will you, indeed?

_Both._ Doubt it not, worthy lord. 90

_Tim._ There's never a one of you but trusts a knave[2688]
That mightily deceives you.

_Both._ Do we, my lord?

_Tim._ Ay, and you hear him cog, see him dissemble,[2689]
Know his gross patchery, love him, feed him,[2690]
Keep in your bosom: yet remain assured[2691] 95
That he's a made-up villain.

_Pain._ I know none such, my lord.

_Poet._ Nor I.[2692]

_Tim._ Look you, I love you well; I'll give you gold,[2693]
Rid me these villains from your companies:
Hang them or stab them, drown them in a draught,[2694] 100
Confound them by some course, and come to me,
I'll give you gold enough.

_Both._ Name them, my lord, let's know them.

_Tim._ You that way, and you this, but two in company:[2695]
Each man apart, all single and alone,[2696] 105
Yet an arch-villain keeps him company.
If, where thou art, two villains shall not be,[2697]
Come not near him. If thou wouldst not reside[2698]
But where one villain is, then him abandon.
Hence, pack! there's gold; you came for gold, ye slaves:[2699] 110
[_To Painter_] You have work for me, there's payment: hence![2700]
[_To Poet_] You are an alchemist, make gold of that:
Out, rascal dogs!

[_Beats them out, and then retires into his cave._[2701]

_Enter_ FLAVIUS _and two_ Senators.

_Flav._ It is in vain that you would speak with Timon;[2702]
For he is set so only to himself 115
That nothing but himself which looks like man
Is friendly with him.

_First Sen._ Bring us to his cave:
It is our part and promise to the Athenians[2703]
To speak with Timon.

_Sec. Sen._ At all times alike
Men are not still the same: 'twas time and griefs 120
That framed him thus: time, with his fairer hand,
Offering the fortunes of his former days,
The former man may make him. Bring us to him,
And chance it as it may.[2704]

_Flav._ Here is his cave.
Peace and content be here! Lord Timon! Timon![2705] 125
Look out, and speak to friends: the Athenians
By two of their most reverend senate greet thee:
Speak to them, noble Timon.[2706]

_TIMON comes from his cave._

_Tim._ Thou sun, that comfort'st, burn! Speak, and be hang'd:[2707]
For each true word, a blister! and each false 130
Be as a cauterizing to the root o' the tongue,[2708]
Consuming it with speaking!

_First Sen._ Worthy Timon,--

_Tim._ Of none but such as you, and you of Timon.[2709]

_First Sen._ The senators of Athens greet thee, Timon.

_Tim._ I thank them, and would send them back the plague,[2710] 135
Could I but catch it for them.

_First Sen._ O, forget
What we are sorry for ourselves in thee.
The senators with one consent of love
Entreat thee back to Athens; who have thought
On special dignities, which vacant lie 140
For thy best use and wearing.

_Sec. Sen._ They confess
Toward thee forgetfulness too general, gross:[2711]
Which now the public body, which doth seldom[2712]
Play the recanter, feeling in itself
A lack of Timon's aid, hath sense withal[2713] 145
Of its own fail, restraining aid to Timon;[2714]
And send forth us, to make their sorrowed render.[2715]
Together with a recompense more fruitful[2716]
Than their offence can weigh down by the dram;[2717][2718]
Ay, even such heaps and sums of love and wealth,[2718] 150
As shall to thee blot out what wrongs were theirs,[2718]
And write in thee the figures of their love,[2719]
Ever to read them thine.

_Tim._ You witch me in it,
Surprise me to the very brink of tears:
Lend me a fool's heart and a woman's eyes, 155
And I'll beweep these comforts, worthy senators.

_First Sen._ Therefore, so please thee to return with us,
And of our Athens, thine and ours, to take
The captainship, thou shalt be met with thanks,
Allow'd with absolute power, and thy good name[2720] 160
Live with authority: so soon we shall drive back[2721]
Of Alcibiades the approaches wild;[2722]
Who, like a boar too savage, doth root up
His country's peace.

_Sec. Sen._ And shakes his threatening sword
Against the walls of Athens.

_First Sen._ Therefore, Timon,--[2723] 165

_Tim._ Well, sir, I will; therefore, I will, sir; thus:[2724]
If Alcibiades kill my countrymen,
Let Alcibiades know this of Timon,
That Timon cares not. But if he sack fair Athens,[2725]
And take our goodly aged men by the beards, 170
Giving our holy virgins to the stain
Of contumelious, beastly, mad-brain'd war;
Then let him know, and tell him Timon speaks it,
In pity of our aged and our youth,
I cannot choose but tell him, that I care not,[2726] 175
And let him take 't at worst; for their knives care not,
While you have throats to answer: for myself,
There's not a whittle in the unruly camp,[2727]
But I do prize it at my love before[2728]
The reverend'st throat in Athens. So I leave you[2729] 180
To the protection of the prosperous gods,[2730]
As thieves to keepers.

_Flav._ Stay not; all's in vain.

_Tim._ Why, I was writing of my epitaph;[2731]
It will be seen to-morrow: my long sickness
Of health and living now begins to mend, 185
And nothing brings me all things. Go, live still;
Be Alcibiades your plague, you his,
And last so long enough!

_First Sen._ We speak in vain.

_Tim._ But yet I love my country, and am not
One that rejoices in the common wreck,[2732] 190
As common bruit doth put it.[2733]

_First Sen._ That's well spoke.

_Tim._ Commend me to my loving countrymen,--[2734]

_First Sen._ These words become your lips as they pass thorough
them.[2735]

_Sec. Sen._ And enter in our ears like great triumphers
In their applauding gates.

_Tim._ Commend me to them; 195
And tell them that, to ease them of their griefs,
Their fears of hostile strokes, their aches, losses,[2736]
Their pangs of love, with other incident throes[2737]
That nature's fragile vessel doth sustain
In life's uncertain voyage, I will some kindness do
them:[2738][2739] 200
I'll teach them to prevent wild Alcibiades' wrath.[2739][2740]

_First Sen._ I like this well; he will return again.[2741]

_Tim._ I have a tree, which grows here in my close,
That mine own use invites me to cut down,
And shortly must I fell it: tell my friends, 205
Tell Athens, in the sequence of degree[2742]
From high to low throughout, that whoso please
To stop affliction, let him take his haste,[2743]
Come hither ere my tree hath felt the axe,
And hang himself: I pray you, do my greeting. 210

_Flav._ Trouble him no further; thus you still shall find him.[2744]

_Tim._ Come not to me again: but say to Athens,
Timon hath made his everlasting mansion
Upon the beached verge of the salt flood;
Who once a day with his embossed froth[2745] 215
The turbulent surge shall cover: thither come,
And let my grave-stone be your oracle.
Lips, let sour words go by and language end:[2746]
What is amiss, plague and infection mend!
Graves only be men's works, and death their gain! 220
Sun, hide thy beams! Timon hath done his reign.[2747]

[_Retires to his cave._

_First Sen._ His discontents are unremoveably[2748][2749]
Coupled to nature.[2748][2750]

_Sec. Sen._ Our hope in him is dead: let us return,
And strain what other means is left unto us 225
In our dear peril.[2751]

_First Sen._ It requires swift foot. [_Exeunt._

SCENE II. _Before the walls of Athens._[2752]

_Enter two_ Senators _and a_ Messenger.[2753]

_First Sen._ Thou hast painfully discover'd: are his files
As full as thy report?[2754]

_Mess._ I have spoke the least:
Besides, his expedition promises[2755]
Present approach.[2755]

_Sec. Sen._ We stand much hazard, if they bring not Timon. 5

_Mess._ I met a courier, one mine ancient friend;[2756]
Whom, though in general part we were opposed,[2757]
Yet our old love made a particular force,[2758]
And made us speak like friends: this man was riding[2759]
From Alcibiades to Timon's cave, 10
With letters of entreaty, which imported
His fellowship i' the cause against your city,
In part for his sake moved.[2760]

_First Sen._ Here come our brothers.

_Enter_ Senators _from_ TIMON.

_Third Sen._ No talk of Timon, nothing of him expect.[2761]
The enemies' drum is heard, and fearful scouring[2762] 15
Doth choke the air with dust: in, and prepare:
Ours is the fall, I fear, our foes the snare.[2763] [_Exeunt._

SCENE III. _The woods. Timon's cave, and a rude tomb seen._[2764]

_Enter a_ Soldier, _seeking_ TIMON.[2765]

_Sold._ By all description this should be the place.
Who's here? speak, ho! No answer! What is this?[2766]
Timon is dead, who hath outstretch'd his span:[2767]
Some beast read this; there does not live a man.[2768]
Dead, sure; and this his grave. What's on this tomb[2769] 5
I cannot read; the character I'll take with wax:[2769]
Our captain hath in every figure skill,
An aged interpreter, though young in days:
Before proud Athens he's set down by this,
Whose fall the mark of his ambition is. [_Exit._ 10

SCENE IV. _Before the walls of Athens._[2770]

_Trumpets sound. Enter_ ALCIBIADES _with his powers_.[2771]

_Alcib._ Sound to this coward and lascivious town
Our terrible approach.[2772] [_A parley sounded._

_Enter_ Senators _upon the walls_.[2773]

Till now you have gone on and fill'd the time
With all licentious measure, making your wills
The scope of justice; till now myself and such 5
As slept within the shadow of your power
Have wander'd with our traversed arms and breathed
Our sufferance vainly: now the time is flush,
When crouching marrow in the bearer strong[2774]
Cries of itself 'No more:' now breathless wrong 10
Shall sit and pant in your great chairs of ease,
And pursy insolence shall break his wind
With fear and horrid flight.

_First Sen._ Noble and young,
When thy first griefs were but a mere conceit,
Ere thou hadst power or we had cause of fear,[2775] 15
We sent to thee, to give thy rages balm,
To wipe out our ingratitude with loves[2776]
Above their quantity.[2777]

_Sec. Sen._ So did we woo
Transformed Timon to our city's love
By humble message and by promised means:[2778] 20
We were not all unkind, nor all deserve
The common stroke of war.

_First Sen._ These walls of ours
Were not erected by their hands from whom
You have received your griefs: nor are they such[2779]
That these great towers, trophies and schools should fall 25
For private faults in them.

_Sec. Sen._ Nor are they living
Who were the motives that you first went out;[2780]
Shame, that they wanted cunning, in excess
Hath broke their hearts. March, noble lord,[2781]
Into our city with thy banners spread: 30
By decimation and a tithed death--
If thy revenges hunger for that food
Which nature loathes--take thou the destined tenth,
And by the hazard of the spotted die
Let die the spotted.[2782]

_First Sen._ All have not offended;[2782][2783] 35
For those that were, it is not square to take,[2784]
On those that are, revenges: crimes, like lands,[2785]
Are not inherited. Then, dear countryman,
Bring in thy ranks, but leave without thy rage:
Spare thy Athenian cradle and those kin 40
Which, in the bluster of thy wrath, must fall
With those that have offended: like a shepherd
Approach the fold and cull the infected forth,
But kill not all together.[2786]

_Sec. Sen._ What thou wilt,
Thou rather shalt enforce it with thy smile 45
Than hew to 't with thy sword.

_First Sen._ Set but thy foot
Against our rampired gates, and they shall ope;
So thou wilt send thy gentle heart before,
To say thou'lt enter friendly.[2787]

_Sec. Sen._ Throw thy glove,
Or any token of thine honour else, 50
That thou wilt use the wars as thy redress
And not as our confusion, all thy powers
Shall make their harbour in our town, till we
Have seal'd thy full desire.

_Alcib._ Then there's my glove;
Descend, and open your uncharged ports:[2788] 55
Those enemies of Timon's, and mine own,[2789]
Whom you yourselves shall set out for reproof,
Fall, and no more: and, to atone your fears
With my more noble meaning, not a man
Shall pass his quarter, or offend the stream 60
Of regular justice in your city's bounds,
But shall be render'd to your public laws[2790]
At heaviest answer.

_Both._ 'Tis most nobly spoken.

_Alcib._ Descend, and keep your words.

[_The Senators descend, and open the gates._[2791]

_Enter_ Soldier.

_Sold._ My noble general, Timon is dead; 65
Entomb'd upon the very hem o' the sea;
And on his grave-stone this insculpture, which[2792]
With wax I brought away, whose soft impression
Interprets for my poor ignorance.[2793]

_Alcib._ [_Reads_] 'Here lies a wretched corse, of wretched soul
bereft:[2794] 70
Seek not my name: a plague consume you wicked caitiffs left![2795]
Here lie I, Timon; who, alive, all living men did hate:[2796]
Pass by and curse thy fill; but pass and stay not here thy gait.'[2797]
These well express in thee thy latter spirits:
Though thou abhorr'dst in us our human griefs,[2798] 75
Scorn'dst our brain's flow and those our droplets which[2799]
From niggard nature fall, yet rich conceit
Taught thee to make vast Neptune weep for aye
On thy low grave, on faults forgiven. Dead[2800]
Is noble Timon: of whose memory 80
Hereafter more. Bring me into your city,
And I will use the olive with my sword,[2801]
Make war breed peace, make peace stint war, make each
Prescribe to other as each other's leech.
Let our drums strike. [_Exeunt._ 85

FOOTNOTES:

[2644] ACT V. SCENE I.] Capell. ACT V. SCENE II. Pope. See note (XIV).

The woods ... cave.] Capell, substantially.

[2645] Enter ...] Dyce. Enter Poet and Painter. Ff. Enter ... Timon behind unseen. Capell.

[2646] _As ... abides._] Prose in F1. Two lines, the first ending _farre_, in F2 F3 F4.

[2647] _cannot_] _can't_ Pope.

[2648] _What's ... thee?_] Prose in Pope. Irregular lines in Ff.

[2649] _Phrynia_] Rowe (ed. 2). _Phrinica_ F1. _Phrinia_ F2 F3 F4.

_Timandra_] _Timandylo_ F1.

[2650] _try for_] _tryal for_ Pope. _tryal of_ Theobald (ed. 2).

[2651] _purposes ... they_] _purses ... we_ Collier (Collier MS.). _purses ... they_ Keightley conj.

[2652] _best. Promising_] _best. Promising_, F1. _best Promising_, F2 F3. _best, Promising_ F4.

[2653] _of saying_] om. Pope. _of paying_ Anon. conj.

_quite_] _quiet_ F2.

[2654] [Timon ... behind.] Edd. Enter Timon from his Cave. Ff. Re-enter Timon from his cave, unseen. Pope. Re-enter ... unseen, but overhearing him. Hanmer. The stage direction of Ff transferred to the beginning of the scene by Capell, who first marks Timon's speeches as 'Aside.'

[2655] _is_] om. Pope.

[2656] Poet. _Nay ... late._ Pain. _True; ... Come._] Ff. Pain. _Nay ... late._ Poet. _True; ... Come._ Hanmer. Poet. _Nay ... late._ Pain. _True._ Poet. _While the day ... Come._ Theobald.

[2657] _When_] _While_ Pope.

_black-corner'd_] _black-corneted_ Hanmer. _black-cornette_ Warburton conj. _black-coroned_ Farmer conj. MS. _black-coned_ Anon. ap. Steevens conj. _black-crowned_ Mason conj. _black correned_ Becket conj. _dark-horned_ Jackson conj. _black-cover'd_ Collier, ed. 2 (Anon. ap. Steevens conj.). _black-curtain'd_ Singer conj. _black-garner'd_ or _black 'coutred_ Anon. conj.

[2658] _Come_] om. Capell.

[going towards to the Cave. Capell.

[2659] _I'll ... feed!_] As in Capell. The lines end _turne: ... worshipt ... feede?_ in Ff.

[2660] _worshipp'd ... temple_] _worshipped In baser temples_ Pope.

[2661] _feed_] _do feed_ Pope.

[2662] _foam_] _wave_ Theobald.

[2663] _worship_] Rowe. _worshipt_ F1 F2 F3. _worship't_ F4.

[2664] _aye Be_] Rowe (ed. 2). _aye: Be_ Ff.

[2665] _Fit I_] _'Tis fit I_ Rowe. _'Fit I do_ Capell.

[Coming forward.] Puts himself in their way. Capell. Advancing. Malone. om. Ff.

[2666] _Have ... men?_] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

[2667] _open_] om. Rowe, reading _Sir, ... tasted_ as one line.

_tasted_] _tested_ F2.

[2668] _Whose ... spirits!--_] _For whose most thankless natures_ (_abhorr'd spirits!_) Hanmer.

[2669] _enough--_] Rowe. _enough_, F2 F3 F4. _enough_: Dyce. See note (XV).

[2670] _to you_] _even to you_ Hanmer, ending lines 60-64 _nobleness ... I'm rapt ... this ... words._

[2671] _whole_] om. Hanmer.

_I am_] _I'm_ Pope.

[2672] _cover ... ingratitude_] As in Ff. One line in Pope.

[2673] _Let ... better_] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

_go naked, men_] Theobald. _go, Naked men_ Ff.

[2674] _them_] _men_ Theobald conj.

[2675] _travail'd_] F1 F2. _travel'd_ F3 F4.

_great_] om. Hanmer.

[2676] _you are_] _you're_ Pope.

_men_] _man_ F1.

[2677] _We ... service_] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

_We are_] _We're_ Pope.

[2678] _Most ... you_] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

[2679] _What ... gold_] Two lines in Pope. Four in Ff.

[2680] _Ye're_] Dyce. _Y'are_ Ff. _You're_ Capell. _You are_ Steevens.

_ye've_] Dyce. _Y'have_ Ff. _You've_ Rowe. _you have_ Steevens.

[2681] _I am_] _I'm_ Pope.

_ye're_] Dyce. _y'are_ Ff. _you're_ Capell. _you are_ Steevens.

[2682] _nor_] _and_ Capell.

[2683] _men_] F1. _man_ F2 F3 F4.

[2684] _thou'rt_] Rowe. _th'art_ F1 F2. _tha'rt_ F3 F4.

[2685] [To the Poet. Hanmer.

[2686] _honest-natured_] Hyphened by Rowe.

[2687] _'tis_] om. Pope.

[2688] _never_] Ff. _ne'er_ Pope.

[2689] _Ay, ... dissemble_,] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

[2690] _love_] _yet love_ Capell.

_feed him_] _and feed him_ Pope. _feed him, and_ Keightley.

[2691] _Keep_] _Keep him_ Heath conj.

[2692] _Nor I_] _Nor I, my lord_ Steevens conj.

[2693] _Look ... gold_,] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

[2694] _a draught_] F1. _draught_ F2 F3 F4. _the draught_ Rowe.

[2695] _You ... company_:] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

_but_] _not_ Hanmer. _both_ Jackson conj.

_in_] _is_ Collier MS.

[2696] _apart_] F3 F4. _a part_ F1 F2.

[2697] _two villains_] _four villains_ Seymour conj.

[To the Painter. Pope.

[2698] _reside_] Rowe. _recide_ Ff.

[To the Poet. Pope.

[2699] _you_] F1. _ye_ F2 F3 F4.

[2700] [To Painter] Edd. (Globe ed.). om. Ff.

_You have work_] F3 F4. _You have worke_ F1 F2. _You have work'd_ Hanmer. _You have done work_ Malone. _You've worked_ Steevens conj. _You have worked_ Keightley.

_there's_] Ff. _there's your_ Pope. _there is your_ Johnson. _there is_ Capell.

_payment_] _payment for ye_ Anon. conj.

_hence_] F1. _thence_ F2 F3 F4.

[To Poet] Edd. (Globe ed.). om. Ff.

[2701] [Beats....] Staunton. Beating and driving 'em out. Rowe. Exeunt. Ff. Exit beating and driving 'em out. Hanmer.

[2702] SCENE III. Pope. SCENE II. The same. Capell.

_in_] F3 F4. om. F1 F2.

[2703] _part_] _pact_ Dyce ed. 2 (S. Walker conj.).

[2704] _chance_] F3 F4. _chanc'd_ F1. _chanc'e_ F2.

[2705] _Peace ... here!_] Spoken by one of the Senators. Staunton conj.

_Lord_] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.

[2706] Timon....] Enter Timon out of his Cave. Ff.

[2707] _Thou ... hang'd_] One line in Hanmer. Two in Ff.

_comfort'st_] Pope. _comforts_ F1. _comfort_ F2 F3 F4.

[2708] _as a cauterizing_] Rowe. _as a Cantherizing_ F1. _as a catherizing_ F2 F3 F4. _cauterizing_ Pope. _cancerizing_ Capell. _as a cancering_ Steevens conj. _as a cancerizing_ Rann (Steevens conj.). _as a cauter_ Lettsom conj. See note (XVI).

_cauterizing to the_] _cancer in the_ Anon. apud Rann conj.

[2709] _Of ... Timon._] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

[2710] _I thank ... plague_,] One line in Pope. Two in Ff.

[2711] _general, gross_] Pope. _generall grosse_ Ff. _general-gross_ Dyce, ed. 2 (S. Walker conj.).

[2712] _Which now_] _And now_ Hanmer. _But now_ Capell.

[2713] _sense_] _sence_ Rowe. _since_ Ff.

[2714] _its_] _it's_ Rowe. _it_ Ff.

_fail_] Capell. _fall_ Ff. _fault_ Hanmer.

_restraining_] _refraining_ Johnson conj.

[2715] _send_] Ff. _sends_ Rowe.

_sorrowed render_] Ff. _sorrowed tender_ Pope. _sorrow's tender_ Hanmer. _sorrows' tender_ Capell. _sorrow'd render._ Dyce.

[2716] _Together with_] Rowe. _Together, with_ Ff.

[2717] _weigh ... dram_;] _weigh. Down by the dram,_ Johnson.

[2718] _down ... As_] _ay, ev'n such heaps And sums of love and wealth, down by the dram,_ As Johnson conj.

[2719] _in thee_] _instead_ Anon. conj.

[2720] _Allow'd_] Pope. _Allowed_ Ff. _Hallow'd_ Warburton.

[2721] _so_] om. Pope.

[2722] _the approaches_] _th' approaches_ F1. _h'approaches_ F2 F3 F4.

[2723] _Timon,--_] _Timon--_ Rowe. _Timon._ Ff.

[2724] _sir; thus_:] _sir; thus--_ Theobald. _sir thus_: Ff. _sir, thus--_ Rowe.

[2725] _But_] om. Pope.

[2726] _him_,] _him,--_ Hanmer.

[2727] _whittle_] _whistle_ Becket conj.

[2728] _at_] _in_ Hanmer.

[2729] _reverend'st_] _reverends_ F1.

[2730] _prosperous_] _phosphorus_ Jackson conj.

[2731] _Why, I ... epitaph_:] _Why, I ... epitaph,_ Pope. _Why I ... epitaph_, Ff.

[2732] _wreck_] Hanmer. _wracke_ F1 F2. _wrack_ F3 F4.

[2733] _bruit_] F3 F4. _bruite_ F1 F2. _brute_ Rowe.

[2734] _countrymen,--_] Capell. _countreymen._ Ff.

[2735] _These ... them._] One line in Pope. Prose in Ff.

_thorough_] _thorow_ Ff. _thro'_ Rowe.

_them_] om. Anon. conj.

[2736] _aches, losses_] F4. _aches losses_ F1 F2 F3.

[2737] _throes_] F4. _throwes_ F1 F2 F3.

[2738] _voyage_] _voyages_ Pope.

_I will_] _say, I will_ S. Walker conj., ending the lines _will ... prevent ... well_.

_do them_] om. Steevens conj. _do 'em_ S. Walker conj.

[2739] _some ... teach_] _do Some kindness to them, teach_ Pope, ending the lines _do ... prevent_.

[2740] _I'll ... to_] _I will ... How to_ Anon. conj., ending the lines _voyage, ... them ... wrath_.

[2741] _he ... again._] Omitted by Hanmer, reading _Wild ... well_ as one line.

[2742] _sequence_] F1. _frequence_ F2 F3 F4.

[2743] _take his_] _make_ Long MS. _make his_ Staunton conj.

_haste_] _taste_ Pope. _tatch_ Warburton conj. MS. _halter_ Collier (Collier MS.).

[2744] _Trouble ... him_] One line in Pope. Two, the first ending _shall_, in Ff.

_Trouble_] _Vex_ Pope.

[2745] _Who_] F1. _Which_ F2 F3 F4. _Whom_ Malone.

[2746] _sour_] Rowe. _foure_ F1 F2. _four_ F3 F4. _your_ S. Walker conj.

[2747] [Retires ...] Dyce. Exit Timon. Ff.

[2748] _His ... nature._] Arranged as in Capell. Prose in Ff. One line in Pope.

[2749] _unremoveably_] om. Pope.

[2750] _nature_] _his nature_ Pope.

[2751] _dear_] F4. _deere_ F1 F2. _deer_ F3. _dead_ Rowe. _dread_ Hanmer. _near_ Anon. conj.

[2752] SCENE II.] Dyce. SCENE IV. Pope. SCENE III. Capell.

Before....] Edd. The walls.... Rowe. Athens. A Council-Chamber. Capell.

[2753] two ... and....] two other ... with.... Ff.

[2754] _thy_] _they_ F2.

_I have_] _I've_ Dyce (ed. 2).

[2755] _Besides ... approach._] As in Pope. One line in Ff.

[2756] _courier_] Rowe. _currier_ Ff.

_one_] _once_ Upton conj.

[2757] _Whom_] Ff. _Who_ Pope. _And_ Hanmer. _When_ Singer (ed. 2).

_in general_] _on several_ Singer (ed. 2).

[2758] _made ... force_] _had ... force_ Hanmer. _took ... truce_ Staunton conj.

[2759] _made_] _bade_ Jackson conj.

[2760] Enter....] Capell. Enter the other Senators. Ff, after _moved_.

[2761] Third. Sen.] 1. S. Capell.

[2762] _enemies'_] Theobald (ed. 2). _enemies_ Ff. _enemy's_ Delius.

[2763] _foes_] _foe's_ Johnson.

[2764] SCENE III.] Dyce. SCENE V. Johnson. SCENE IV. Capell. Warburton continues the Scene. Pope puts the whole in the margin.

[2765] The woods.... Enter....] The woods. A rude Tomb seen. Enter.... Capell. Enter a Souldier in the Woods, seeking Timon. Ff.

[2766] _Who's_] F3 F4. _Whose_ F1. Whos F2.

[spying the Tomb. Capell.

[2767] See note (XVII).

_who_] _he_ Capell.

[2768] _read_] F3 F4. _reade_ F1 F2. _rear'd_ Theobald (Warburton). _did_ Anon. conj. (Gent. Mag. Vol. LX. p. 127). _made_ Delius.

_there does_] _here does_ Theobald (Warburton). _here did_ Capell (MS. correction).

_not live_] _no live_ F2. _not lye_ Capell conj.

[2769] _Dead ... wax_] As in Ff. Three lines in Capell, ending _tomb ... take ... wax_. Three lines in Singer (ed. 1), ending _grave ... character ... wax_.

[2770] SCENE IV.] Dyce. SCENE II. Rowe. SCENE V. Pope.

Before....] Theobald.

[2771] Enter....] Enter Alcibiades with his Powers before Athens. Ff.

[2772] [A parley....] Parley sounded. Capell. Sounds a Parly. Ff.

[2773] Enter Senators....] Enter Senators &c.... Capell. The Senators appeare.... Ff.

[2774] _strong_] _stung_ S. Walker conj.

[2775] _of_] F1. _to_ F2 F3 F4.

[2776] _ingratitude_] _ingratitudes_ Capell.

[2777] _their_] _its_ Hanmer.

[2778] _means_] _'mends_ Theobald.

[2779] _griefs_] Theobald. _greefe_ F1 F2. _grief_ F3 F4.

[2780] _Shame ... excess_] Theobald. (_Shame that they wanted, cunning in excesse_) F1. _Shame_ (_that they wanted cunning in excesse_) F2 F3 F4. _Shame that they wanted coming in excess_ Johnson conj.

[2781] _March_,] _March on, oh_ Pope.

[2782] _And ... spotted._] Put in the margin by Pope.

[2783] _All_] _We all_ Hanmer.

[2784] _it is ... take_,] _is't not severe to take?_ Collier (Collier MS.).

[2785] _revenges ... like_] Steevens (1778). _revenge ... like_ Ff. _revenge ... like to_ Pope.

[2786] _all together_] F3 F4. _altogether_ F1. _al together_ F2.

[2787] _thou'lt_] _thoul't_ F4. _thou't_ F1 F2 F3.

[2788] _Descend_] _Defend_ F1.

[2789] _Timon's_] _Timon_ Hanmer.

[2790] _render'd to your_] Dyce (Chedworth conj.). _remedied to your_ F1. _remedied by your_ F2 F3 F4. _remedied by_ Pope. _remedied to_ Johnson. _remedy'd, to your_ Malone. _remitted to your_ Singer (ed. 2.). See note (XVIII).

[2791] [The Senators....] Malone. Senators come from the Walls, and deliver their keys to Alcibiades. Capell. om. Ff.

Enter Soldier.] Capell. Enter a Soldier. Theobald. Enter a Messenger. Ff.

[2792] _his_] _the_ Pope (ed. 2).

[2793] _Interprets_] _Interpreteth_ Pope.

_poor_] _poorer_ S. Walker conj. (withdrawn).

[2794] Alcib. [Reads] Alcibiades reades the Epitaph. Ff.

[2795] _wicked_] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.

[2796] _alive_] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.

[2797] _pass and_] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.]

_gait_] Johnson. _gate_ Ff. _gaite_ Pope.

[2798] _abhorr'dst_] _abhorred'st_ Rowe.

_human_] Rowe. _humane_ Ff.

[2799] _brain's_] Steevens. _braines_ F1 F2 F3. _brains_ F4. _brine's_ Hanmer. _brains'_ Dyce, ed. 2 (S. Walker conj.).

[2800] _grave ... Dead_] Ff. _grave.--On: faults forgiven.--Dead_ Theobald. _grave our faults--forgiv'n, since dead_ Hanmer. _grave.--One fault's forgiven.--Dead_ Tyrwhitt conj.

[2801] _use_] _twine_ S. Walker conj. _prune_ Anon. conj.

NOTES.

NOTE I.

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. In the list given in the Folio PHRYNIA, TIMANDRA, and others are omitted. 'Timon's creditors' are termed 'usurers.' VENTIDIUS is called VENTIGIUS, PHILOTUS, PHILO, and HORTENSIUS, HORTENSIS. VARRO and LUCIUS occur among the names of the servants, and the latter has been retained by all editors except Mr Dyce in his second edition. In the play the servants address each other by the names of their respective masters: hence the confusion. Perhaps all the names assigned to the servants should be considered as names of their masters. 'Hortensius,' for instance, has not a servile sound. Flaminius and Servilius may be regarded rather as gentlemen in waiting than menials.

Sidney Walker suggests that CAPHIS should be CAPYS.

The list as given by modern editors contains successive additions and alterations made by Rowe, Johnson and Capell, which it is unnecessary to specify further.

With the exception of '_Actus Primus. Scæna Prima_' at the beginning, there is in the Folios no indication of a division into Act or Scene throughout the play.

NOTE II.

I. 1. 1, 2. This conjecture of Farmer's is given from his own MS. in the copy of Johnson's Shakespeare which belonged to him, now in the library of Emmanuel College. In a note found in the Variorum edition, _ad loc._, he makes a different suggestion:

'_Poet._ Good day.

_Pain._ Good day, sir: I am glad you're well.'

NOTE III.

I. 2. 1-3. We have left this corrupt passage as it stands in the Folios. Rowe made no change. Pope altered it to:

'Most honour'd Timon, it hath pleas'd the gods
To call my father's age unto long peace.'

In this reading he was followed by Theobald, Hanmer and Warburton. Johnson read:

'Most honour'd Timon, it hath pleas'd the Gods
To remember my father's age,
And call him to long peace.'

Capell has:

Most honour'd Timon,
'T hath pleas'd the gods in kindness to remember
My father's age, and call him to long peace.'

Steevens (1773) has:

'Most honour'd Timon, it hath pleas'd the Gods to remember
My father's age, and call him to long peace.'

In his edition of 1793 he read 'remember' for 'to remember.'

NOTE IV.

I. 2. 53-58. The Folios print Apemantus's speech as prose down to 'Timon'; then as four lines of verse:

'Heere's that which is too weake to be a sinner,
Honest water, which nere left man i' th' mire:
This &c.'

The second has 'mird' for 'mire.' The third and fourth follow the first. Pope, whose arrangement we follow, prints as prose down to 'mire.' Capell prints the whole as verse thus:

'Flow this way!
A most brave fellow! he keeps his tides well. Timon,
Those healths will make thee, and thy state, look ill,'

following the Folios in the next four lines.

Steevens adopts this arrangement omitting 'most' in the second line. Sidney Walker would divide the lines thus:

'Flow this way! a brave fellow!
He keeps his tides well. Timon, these healths will make
Thee, and thy state, look ill. Here's that which is
Too weak to be a sinner, honest water,
Which ne'er left man i' th' mire: &c.'

NOTE V.

I. 2. 89-91. Mr Staunton suggests that one of the two clauses 'if we should ne'er have need of 'em' and 'should we ne'er have use for 'em' was intended to be cancelled.

NOTE VI.

I. 2. 113-118. The first Folio, followed substantially by the rest, has:

'_Cap._ Haile to thee worthy _Timon_ and to all that of his
Bounties taste: the fiue best Sences acknowledge thee their
Patron, and come freely to gratulate thy plentious bosome.

There tast, touch all, pleas'd from thy Table rise:
They onely now come but to Feast thine eies.'

Rowe made no material alteration except that he put a comma after 'touch' in the last line but one.

Pope arranged thus:

'Hail to thee, worthy _Timon_, and to all
That of his bounties taste:
The five best senses acknowledge thee their patron, and come freely
To gratulate thy plenteous bosom.
There &c.'

Theobald:

'Hail to thee, worthy _Timon_, and to all
That of his bounties taste! the five best Senses
Acknowledge thee their patron; and do come
Freely to gratulate thy plenteous bosom:
Th' Ear, Taste, Touch, Smell, pleas'd from thy Table rise,
These only now come but to feast thine eyes.'

and he adds in a note: 'The incomparable Emendation, with which the Text is here supply'd, I owe to my ingenious Friend Mr _Warburton_.' It was adopted by Hanmer and Johnson. Capell altered 'do come' in line 3 to 'are come;' Steevens (1785) restored 'They' for 'These' in the last line, and Malone changed 'pleas'd' in the last line but one to 'all pleas'd.'

Rann introduced the change which we have adopted in the text, placing 'th' ear' at the end of the fourth line, and reading 'Taste, touch _and_ smell' in the fifth. Steevens, in his edition of 1793, followed this arrangement, reading in the fifth line, 'Taste, touch, smell, all pleas'd, &c.'

NOTE VII.

I. 2. 171, 172. We have printed this passage as prose, as it is difficult to say from the arrangement of the lines in the first and second Folios, whether or not it was intended to be read as two lines of verse, the first ending 'thee,' as it certainly is in the third and fourth Folios. Pope printed it as prose. Capell eked out the metre thus:

'Me near? why, then another time I'll hear thee:
I pr'ythee, let us be provided now
To shew them entertainment.'

Steevens suggested 'provided _straight_' in the second line.

In many parts of this play it is difficult to say whether the lines are intended to be read as irregular verse, or as rhythmical prose, and we have therefore left them as they stand in the Folios.

NOTE VIII.

II. 2. 89-96. This and many other passages are printed in the Folio as if they were intended to be irregular verse, where it is evident that they can only be read as prose. In such cases it is not always worth while to record how the lines were divided by the caprice or negligence of the printer. Seymour has endeavoured throughout the play to complete imperfect lines by the insertion of words, and imperfect hemistichs by the addition of entire clauses, but he has in this so far exceeded the license of conjecture that, except in the first scene of the play, we have not recorded all his proposed alterations.

NOTE IX.

III. 2. 60-64. Pope altered these lines as follows:

'Why, this is the world's soul;
Of the same piece, is every flatterer's sport:
Who can call him his friend
That dips in the same dish? for in my knowing,
_Timon_ has been to this lord as a father,
And kept his credit with his bounteous purse.'

Theobald follows Pope's arrangement, but reads 'spirit' for 'sport' in the second line, an emendation which he first suggested in a letter to Warburton, still unpublished, in the British Museum. Warburton's conjecture 'coat,' which he made no allusion to in his own edition, is mentioned by Theobald in the same letter. Hanmer gives the whole passage thus:

'Why, this is the world's soul;
Of the same piece is every flatterer's spirit:
Who can call him his friend that dips with him
In the same dish? for even in my knowing,
_Timon_ has been to this Lord as a father,
And kept his credit with his bounteous purse.'

Johnson follows the Folios except that he gives the first lines thus:

'Why, this is the world's soul;
And just of the same piece is every flatterer's spirit:
Who can call him his friend,
That &c.'

Steevens, in the edition of 1773, followed Johnson's arrangement, but adopted in the first lines a transposition proposed by Upton:

'Why, this is the world's sport;
And just of the same piece is every flatterer's soul.'

In his edition of 1793 he read as follows:

'Why this
Is the world's soul; and just of the same piece
Is every flatterer's spirit. Who can call him
His friend, &c.'

Following, in the rest, Capell's arrangement.

Malone arranged as follows:

'Why this is the world's soul, and just of the same piece
Is every flatterer's spirit. Who can call him his friend,
That dips in the same dish? for in my knowing
Timon has been this lord's father, and kept
His credit with his purse.'

In a note, however, he says, 'I do not believe this speech was intended by the authour for verse.'

NOTE X.

III. 3. 8. Hanmer made here one of his audacious alterations:

'How? deny'd him?
Have Lucius and Ventidius and Lucullus
Deny'd him all? and does he send to me?
It shews &c.'

Capell emulated him thus:

'How! have they deny'd him?
Has Lucius, and Ventidius, and Lucullus,
Deny'd him, say you? and does he send to me?
Three? hum!
It shews &c.'

NOTE XI.

III. 3. 19. Hanmer altered the passage thus:

'That I'll requite it last? so it may prove
An argument of laughter to the rest,
And amongst Lords I shall be thought a fool.'

Capell follows Hanmer, except that he replaces 'no' in the first line.

Steevens (1793) follows Capell in the first two lines, reading in the third:

'And I amongst the Lords be thought a fool.'

Mr. Staunton suggests that the passage once stood:

'So I may prove
An argument of laughter to the rest,
And amongst lords be thought a fool.'

Mr. Dyce, in his second edition proposes the following arrangement:

'That I'll requite it last? No: so it may prove
An argument of laughter to the rest,
And amongst lords I be thought a fool.'

NOTE XII.

III. 5. 14-18. The first Folio, followed substantially by the rest, has:

'He is a Man (setting his Fate aside) of comely Vertues,
Nor did he soyle the fact with Cowardice,
(And Honour in him, which buyes out his fault)
But &c.'

Rowe arranged the lines as follows:

'He is a Man, setting his Fate aside, of comely Virtues,
And Honour in him, which buys out his Fault;
Nor did he soil the Fact with Cowardise,
But &c.'

Pope read:

'He is a man, setting his fault aside,
Of virtuous honour, which buys out his fault;
Nor did he soil the fact with cowardise,
But &c.'

Theobald follows Pope verbatim, and so Hanmer, except that he reads 'setting this fact aside.' Warburton proposed 'setting this fault aside.' Johnson read:

'He is a man, setting his fault aside,
Of comely virtues;
Nor did he soil the fact with cowardise,
An honour in him which buys out his fault,
But, &c.'

Steevens, in his edition of 1773, restored 'his fate' from the Folios in the first line, giving the reading we have adopted in the text.

NOTE XIII.

III. 5. 49-51. The first Folio has here:

'And the Asse, more Captaine then the Lyon?
The fellow loaden with Irons, wiser then the Iudge?
If Wisedome be in suffering, Oh my Lords,
&c. &c.'

The second Folio:

'And the Asse, more Captaine then the Lyon? the fellow
Loaden with Irons, wiser then the Iudge?
If Wisedome be in suffering. Oh my Lords,
&c. &c.'

The third and fourth Folios, spelling apart, follow the second.

Rowe placed a comma after 'Judge,' and this punctuation was adopted by all subsequent editors.

Pope altered the passage thus:

'The ass, more than the lion; and the fellow
Loaden with irons, &c.'

He was followed by Theobald, Hanmer and Warburton, and by Johnson in his text; the last named however proposed a different arrangement of the preceding line and the substitution of 'felon' for 'fellow' in line 49, thus:

'what make we
Abroad, why then the women are more valiant
That stay at home;
If bearing carry it, then is the ass
More captain than the lion, and the felon
Loaden with irons &c.'

This suggestion was adopted substantially by Rann. The reading 'felon' had been independently proposed by Theobald (Nichols's _Illustrations_, II. 475).

Capell and Steevens (1773) followed Pope. Steevens (1778) read:

'The ass, more captain than the lion; and the fellow,
Loaden &c.'

In 1793 he read:

'And th' ass, more captain than the lion; the felon,
Loaden &c.'

This was followed in the Variorum Editions of 1803 and 1813.

Malone (1790) read:

'And the ass, more captain than the lion; the fellow,
Loaden &c.'

and was followed by Boswell (1821).

Mr Knight (1839) returned to the arrangement and readings of the first Folio. Singer (ed. 2) adopted this arrangement, but read 'felon' for 'fellow.' In his first edition he followed the arrangement of the second Folio, reading 'felon.'

Mitford suggests:

'The ass more than the lion, and the felon
Loaden &c.'

or:

'And th' ass more than the lion, the felon
Loaden &c.'

NOTE XIV.

V. 1. Johnson calls attention to the impropriety of placing the entry of the Banditti in one act and that of the Poet and Painter in another, when the latter were mentioned as within view when Apemantus parted from Timon. 'It might be suspected,' he says, 'that some scenes are transposed, for all these difficulties would be removed by introducing the Poet and Painter first, and the thieves in this place. Yet I am afraid the scenes must keep their present order, for the Painter alludes to the Thieves, when he says, _he likewise enriched poor straggling soldiers with great quantity_.'

NOTE XV.

V. 1. 59. After the word 'enough' in the first Folio a space has slipped up, but there is no trace of any stop. The punctuation, as Mr Dyce observes, is important to the sense of the preceding line.

NOTE XVI.

V. 1. 131. The word 'canterisynge' for 'cauterizing,' is found very frequently in an old surgical work, printed in 1541, of which the title is 'The questyonary of Cyrurgyens.' The heading of one of the chapters is, 'Here foloweth the fourthe partycle, where as be moued and soyled other dyffycultees touchyng the maner of _canterisynge_ or searynge.' The instrument with which the operation is performed is in the same book called a 'cantere.' The form of the word may have been suggested by the false analogy of 'canterides,' _i.e._ cantharides, which occurs in the same chapter.

NOTE XVII.

V. 3. 3, 4. Mr Staunton prints as follows:

[_Reads._] _TIMON IS DEAD!--who hath outstretch'd his span,--
Some beast--read this; there does not live a man._

He regards these lines as the only part of the inscription which the soldier could read, the rest being in some different language. But this explanation introduces a fresh difficulty. The difficulty would be lessened by supposing the legible lines to be inscribed not on the tomb but on the rock beside it, and the epitaph proper to be written not in a different language but in a different character: a notion which might be suggested to the author by the Gothic letters commonly found on ancient monuments.

In the Globe edition we adopted the emendation 'rear'd' because, with the change of a single letter, it yields something approaching to a satisfactory sense. But we incline to think that the words were originally intended as an epitaph to be read by the soldier. The author may have changed his mind and forgotten to obliterate what was inconsistent with the sequel, or the text may have been tampered with by some less accomplished playwright. Anyhow the close of the play bears marks of haste, or want of skill, and the clumsy device of the wax cannot have been invented and would scarcely be adopted by Shakespeare.

In the epitaph given in the next scene two inconsistent couplets are combined into a quatrain.

NOTE XVIII.

V. 4. 62. Some editors attribute the conjecture 'render'd' to Mason; but the earliest mention of it which we have remarked is in Lord Chedworth's volume of _Notes_ (1805).

JULIUS CÆSAR.

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ[2802].

JULIUS CÆSAR.
OCTAVIUS CÆSAR, }
MARCUS ANTONIUS, } triumvirs after the death of Julius Cæsar.
M. ÆMIL. LEPIDUS, }
CICERO, }
PUBLIUS, } senators.
POPILIUS LENA, }
MARCUS BRUTUS, }
CASSIUS, }
CASCA, }
TREBONIUS, } conspirators against Julius Cæsar.
LIGARIUS, }
DECIUS[2803] BRUTUS, }
METELLUS CIMBER, }
CINNA, }
FLAVIUS and MARULLUS, tribunes.
ARTEMIDORUS of Cnidos, a teacher of Rhetoric[2804].
A Soothsayer.
CINNA, a poet. Another Poet.
LUCILIUS, }
TITINIUS, }
MESSALA, } friends to Brutus and Cassius.
Young CATO, }
VOLUMNIUS, }
VARRO, }
CLITUS, }
CLAUDIUS, } servants to Brutus.
STRATO, }
LUCIUS, }
DARDANIUS, }
PINDARUS, servant to Cassius.

CALPURNIA[2805], wife to Cæsar.
PORTIA, wife to Brutus.

Senators, Citizens, Guards, Attendants, &c.

SCENE: _Rome; the neighbourhood of Sardis; the neighbourhood of_
_Philippi._

THE TRAGEDY OF

JULIUS CÆSAR.

FOOTNOTES:

[2802] First given imperfectly by Rowe: more fully by Theobald.

[2803] DECIUS] DECIMUS Hanmer.

[2804] See note (1).

[2805] CALPURNIA] Grant White. CALPHURNIA Rowe.