The chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Vol. 01 [of 13]

Chapter XI: Part 11

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This quaint expression is manifestly adopted from Froissart who uses
it very often.

Footnote 16:

The house of Bavaria was at this period split into so many branches,
the males of every branch retaining, according to the german custom,
the title of the head of the house, that it becomes a difficult task
to point out their several degrees of affinity without having recourse
to a genealogical table. The following will suffice for the purpose of
explaining Monstrelet:

1245.
LEWIS the Severe,
Duke of all Bavaria.
|
1294. | 1294.
+------------+---------------+
| |
1. | 2. |
Beatrix = Lewis, = Margt. Rodolph,
of | emperor, | heiress count
Glogaw | and | of palatine
| duke | Holland of
| of | and the
| Bavaria. | Hainault. Rhine.
| | |
| | |
+----------+ +-------+-------+ +--+--+-----------+
| | | | | |
1347. 1355. 1377. | Rodolph II. Robert I.
Stephen, William Albert, | C. Pal. 1353.
D. of the Mad, count of | 1327.
Bavaria. count of Hainault |
| Holland, &c. & Holland. |
| | |
| | |
1375.| | +-----------------+
+--+------+-----------+ 1404. |
| | | +---+-----+-----------+ Adolphus,
John, Stephen, Frederick, | | | count
D. D. D. John, William VI. Margaret palatine.
of of of bp (m. m. 1319.
Munich. Ingolstadt, Landshut. of Margaret, John |
(father to Liege. daugh. duke |
queen to Philip of Robert II.
Isabella.) duke Burgundy. 1390.
of Burg.) |
| |
1417. | 1398. |
+----------+ +---------+
| |
Jacqueline Robert III.
died emperor,
without 1401.
issue.

Footnote 17:

Q. Luttrel, or Latimer?

Footnote 18:

The whole of this romantic passage seems to refer to the ancient
courts of love, the institution of which was considerably prior to the
fifteenth century.

Footnote 19:

The wars for the succession of Arragon had terminated two years
previous to this, otherwise we should be at no loss to account for the
business which forced Michel d’Orris to return from France.

Footnote 20:

The kings of Castille were at this period styled kings of Spain, κατ’
εξοχην.

Footnote 21:

This was the year of the jubilee. The plague raged at Rome, where, as
Buoninsegni informs us, seven or eight hundred persons died daily. Few
of the pilgrims returned. Many were murdered by the pope’s soldiers,
an universal confusion prevailing at that time throughout Italy.

Footnote 22:

John V. duke of Brittany, had issue, by his several wives, John VI.
his successor, Arthur count of Richemont and duke of Brittany in 1457,
Giles de Chambon and Richard count of Estampes. His daughters were
married to the duke of Alençon, count of Armagnac, viscount of Rohan,
&c. John VI. married Joan of France, daughter of Charles VI.

Footnote 23:

Manuel Paleologus.

Footnote 24:

‘The emperor of Constantinople came into Englande to require ayde
against the Turkes, whome the king, with sumptuous preparation, met at
Blacke-heath, upon St Thomas day the apostle, and brought him to
London, and, paying for the charges of his lodging, presented him with
giftes worthy of one of so high degree.’

STOWE, 326.

Footnote 25:

Waleran de Luxembourg III. count of St Pol, Ligny and Roussy,
castellan of Lille, &c. &c. &c. a nobleman of very extensive and rich
possessions, attached to the duke of Burgundy, through whose interest
he obtained the posts of grand butler 1410, of governor of Paris and
constable of France 1411. He died, 1415, leaving only one legitimate
daughter, who, by marriage with Antony duke of Brabant, brought most
of the family-possessions into the house of Burgundy.

Footnote 26:

Joan, daughter of Charles the bad, third wife of John V. Her mother
was Joan of France, sister to Charles V. the duke of Burgundy, &c.
Joan, duchess dowager of Bretagne, afterwards married Henry IV. of
England.

Footnote 27:

After the death of Wenceslaus duke of Brabant and Luxembourg (the
great friend and patron of Froissart), the latter duchy reverted, of
right, to the crown of Bohemia. But during the inactive and dissolute
reign of the emperor Wenceslaus, it seems to have been alternately
possessed by himself, by governors under him nominally, but in fact
supreme, or by Jodocus M. of Brandenburg and Moravia, his cousin. In
the history of Luxembourg by Bertelius, several deeds and instruments
are cited, which tend rather to perplex than elucidate. But he gives
the following account of the transaction with Louis duke of Orleans:
‘Wenceslaus being seldom in those parts, and greatly preferring
Bohemia, his native country, granted the government of Luxembourg to
his cousin the duke of Orleans; and moreover, for the sum of 56,337
golden crowns lent him by Louis, mortgaged to him the towns of Ivoy,
Montmedy, Damvilliers and Orchiemont, with their appurtenances.’ In a
deed of the year 1412, the duke of Orleans expresses himself as still
retaining the government at the request of his dear nephew Jodocus;
but this appears to be a mistake, since Jodocus was elected emperor in
1410, and died six months after, before his election could be
confirmed. He was succeeded by his brother Procopius.

Footnote 28:

Rupert, or Robert, elector palatine (see the genealogy, p. 12.) was
elected emperor upon the deposition of Wenceslaus king of Bohemia.

Footnote 29:

John Galeas Visconti, first duke of Milan, father of Valentina duchess
of Orleans. During the reign of Wenceslaus, he had made the most
violent aggressions on the free and imperial states of Lombardy, which
it was the first object of the new emperor to chastise. The battle or
skirmish here alluded to was fought near the walls of Brescia.

Footnote 30:

This chapter presents a most extraordinary confusion of dates and
events. The conclusion can refer only to the battle of Shrewsbury,
which took place more than two years afterwards,—and is again
mentioned in its proper place, chap. XV.: besides which, the facts are
misrepresented. Monstrelet should have said, ‘The lord Thomas Percy
(earl of Worcester) was beheaded after the battle, and his nephew
Henry slain on the field.’ The year 1401 was, in fact, distinguished
only by the war in Wales against Owen Glendower, in which Harry Percy
commanded for, not against, the king. The Percies did not rebel till
the year 1403.

Footnote 31:

This John de Werchin, seneschal of Hainault, was connected by marriage
with the house of Luxembourg St Pol.

Footnote 32:

Enguerrand VII. lord of Coucy and count of Soissons, died a prisoner
in Turkey, as related by Froissart. Mary, his daughter and co-heiress,
sold her possessions, and this castle of Coucy among the rest, to
Louis duke of Orleans. His other daughters were, Mary wife of Robert
Vere, duke of Ireland (the ill-fated favourite of Richard II.) and
Isabel, married to Philip count of Nevers, youngest son of the duke of
Burgundy.

Footnote 33:

Spinguchen. Q. Speenham?

Footnote 34:

Jodocus marquis of Moravia and Brandenburg, cousin-german to the
emperor Wenceslaus, appears to be here meant. See the following

TABLE.

Footnote 35:

Charles the bold, married to a daughter of Robert of Bavaria, elector
palatine, and afterwards emperor.

Footnote 36:

Adolphus II. duke of Cleves, married Mary daughter of the duke of
Burgundy.

Footnote 37:

This seems to allude, in an enigmatical manner, to the charge of
sorcery and witchcraft against the person of the king of France, of
which the duke’s enemies accused him, as we find afterwards in doctor
Petit’s justification of the duke of Burgundy.

Footnote 38:

This was the half-sister of Richard, and daughter of the countess of
Kent, by her second husband, Thomas Holland, knight of the Garter, and
earl of Kent in right of his wife. She had been before separated from
her first husband, William Montague, earl of Salisbury. Her third
husband was Edward prince of Wales, by whom she had king Richard.

Footnote 39:

Edward duke of Aumerle and earl of Rutland, son to Edmund duke of
York, and cousin-german both to Richard II. and Henry IV. The reason
of the personal hatred of the count de St Pol against this prince
appears to be his having deserted and betrayed the conspirators at
Windsor. The discovery of that plot probably hastened the death of
Richard II.

Footnote 40:

James II. count de la Marche, great chamberlain of France, succeeded
to his father John in 1393, died 1438.

Footnote 41:

Louis, count of Vendôme (the inheritance of his mother) second son of
John count de la Marche, died 1446.

Footnote 42:

John, lord of Clarency, third son of John count de la Marche, died
1458.

Footnote 43:

Sallemue. Q. Saltash?

Footnote 44:

Chastel, the name of a noble house in Brittany. Tanneguy, so often
mentioned hereafter, was of the same family.

Footnote 45:

Morlens. Q. Morlaix?

Footnote 46:

Chastel-Pol. Q. St Pol de Leon?

Footnote 47:

At the entrance of Brest harbour.

Footnote 48:

In 1383, he was appointed to the office of grand treasurer.

Footnote 49:

He is said, during his exile, to have signalized himself, like a true
knight, in combating the Saracens, of whom he brought back to France
so many prisoners that he constructed his magnificent castle of
Seignelay without the aid of other labourers.—Paradin, cited by
Moreri, Art. ‘Savoisy.’

Footnote 50:

William de Tignonville. The event here recorded happened in 1408.
After the bodies were taken down from the gibbets, he was compelled to
kiss them on the mouths.

MORERI.

Footnote 51:

John, king of Arragon, was killed in 1395 by a fall from his horse
while hunting. By Matthea of Armagnac, his queen, he had two
daughters, of whom the eldest was married to Matthew viscount de
Chateaubon and count of Foix, who claimed the crown in right of his
wife, and invaded Arragon in support of his pretensions. But the
principal nobility having, in the mean time, called over Martin king
of Sicily, brother of John, to be his successor, a bloody war ensued,
which terminated only with the death of the count de Foix. After that
event (which took place in 1398), Martin remained in peaceable
possession of the crown. The right to the crown, both by the general
law of succession and by virtue of the marriage-contract, appears to
have been in the countess of Foix; but the states of the kingdom here,
as in some other instances, seem to have assumed a controuling,
elective power. This authority, probably inherent in the constitution,
was more signally exercised in the death of Martin without issue in
the year 1410.

Footnote 52:

Jean Carmen. Q. Carmaing?

Footnote 53:

Pierre de Monstarde. Q. Peter de Moncada, the name of an illustrious
family in Arragon?

Footnote 54:

Duke de Caudie. Q. Duke of Gandia? Don Alphonso, a prince of the house
of Arragon, was honoured with that title by Martin on his accession.

Footnote 55:

De Sardonne. Q. Count of Cardona? He was one of the deputies from the
states to don Martin, on the death of John.

Footnote 56:

D’Aviemie. Q. Count of Ampurias? This nobleman was another descendant
of the house of Arragon. He espoused at first the party of Foix, but
soon reconciled himself to Martin.

Footnote 57:

Before called Peter.

Footnote 58:

Of this invasion, Stowe gives the following brief account: ‘The lord
of Cassels, in Brytaine, arrived at Blackepoole, two miles out of
Dartmouth, with a great navy, where, of the rustical people whom he
ever despised, he was slaine.’

Footnote 59:

John de Hangest, lord de Huqueville.

Footnote 60:

Owen Glendower.

Footnote 61:

Linorquie. Q. Glamorgan?

Footnote 62:

Round Table. Q. Caerleon in Monmouthshire, one of Arthur’s seats?

Footnote 63:

Regnault de Trie, lord of Fontenay, was _admiral_ of France on the
death of the lord de Vienne, killed at Nicopolis. He resigned, in
1405, in favour of Peter de _Breban_, lord of Landreville, surnamed
Clugnet, and hereafter mentioned, but falsely, by the name of Clugnet
de _Brabant_.

Footnote 64:

This famous battle was fought at Angora in Galatia.

Footnote 65:

Charles III. succeeded his father, Charles the bad, in 1386.

Footnote 66:

This county descended to him from his great grandfather Louis, count
of Evreux, son to Philip the bold, king of France. Philip, son of
Louis, became king of Navarre in right of his wife Jane, daughter of
Louis Hutin. He was father of Charles the bad.

Footnote 67:

Mary of France, daughter of king John, married Robert duke of Bar, by
whom she had issue Edward duke of Bar and Louis cardinal, hereafter
mentioned, besides other children.

Footnote 68:

Rather aunt. John III. duke of Brabant, dying in the year 1335,
without male issue, left his dominions to his eldest daughter Joan,
who married Wenceslaus duke of Luxembourg, and survived her husband
many years, dying, at a very advanced age, in the year 1406. She is
the princess here mentioned. Margaret, youngest daughter of John III.
married Louis de Male, earl of Flanders; and her only daughter
Margaret (consequently niece of Joan duchess of Brabant) brought the
inheritance of Flanders to Philip duke of Burgundy.

Footnote 69:

The heiress of Flanders, mentioned in the preceding page.

Footnote 70:

Catherine, married to Leopold the proud, duke of Austria.

Footnote 71:

Margaret, married to William of Bavaria, (VI. of the name), count of
Holland and Hainault.

Footnote 72:

Mary, married to Amadeus VIII. first _duke_ of Savoy, afterwards pope
by the name of Felix V.

Footnote 73:

Limbourg, on the death of its last duke, Henry, about 1300, was
purchased, by John duke of Brabant, of Adolph count of Mons. Reginald
duke of Gueldres claimed the succession; and his pretensions gave rise
to the bloody war detailed by Froissart, which ended with the battle
of Wareng.

Footnote 74:

John, son of Louis the good, duke of Bourbon, so celebrated in the
Chronicle of Froissart. The family was descended from Robert count of
Clermont, son of St Louis who married the heiress of the ancient lords
of the Bourbonnois. Louis, son of Robert, had two sons, Peter, the
eldest (father of duke Louis the good) through whom descended the
first line of Bourbon and that of Montpensier, both of which became
extinct in the persons of Susannah, duchess of Bourbon, and Charles
count of Montpensier her husband, the famous constable of France
killed at the siege of Rome. James, the younger son of Louis I. was
founder of the second line of Bourbon. John, count of la Marche, his
son, became count of Vendôme in right of his wife, the heiress of that
county. Anthony, fifth in lineal descent, became king of Navarre, in
right also of his wife, and is well known as father of king Henry IV.

Footnote 75:

Matthew count of Foix, the unsuccessful competitor for the crown of
Arragon, was succeeded by his sister Isabel, the wife of Archambaud de
Greilly, son of the famous captal de Buche, who became count of Foix
in her right. His son John, here called viscount de Châteaubon, was
his successor.

Footnote 76:

Charles d’Albret, count of Dreux and viscount of Tartas, constable,
lineal ancestor of John king of Navarre.

Footnote 77:

Carlefin. Q. Carlat?

Footnote 78:

Duke Albert had four other children not mentioned in this history,
viz. Albert, who died young,—Catherine, married to the duke of
Gueldres,—Anne, wife of the emperor Wenceslaus,—and Jane, married to
Albert IV. duke of Austria, surnamed the Wonder of the World.

Footnote 79:

Peter de Luna, antipope of Avignon, elected after the death of Clement
VII.

Footnote 80:

Hollingshed says, sir Philip Hall was governor of the castle of Mercq,
‘having with him four score archers and four-and-twenty other
soldiers.’

The troops from Calais were commanded by sir Richard Aston, knight,
‘lieutenant of the english pale for the earl of Somerset,
captain-general of those marches.’

Footnote 81:

Hangest, a noble family in Picardy. Rogues de Hangest was _grand
pannetier_ and maréschal of France in 1352. His son, John Rabache,
died a hostage in London. John de Hangest, grandson of Rogues, is here
meant. He was chamberlain to the king and much esteemed at court. His
son Miles was the last male of the family.

Footnote 82:

Aynard de Clermont en Dauphinè married Jane de Maingret, heiress of
Dampierre, about the middle of the 14th century. Probably their son
was the lord de Dampierre here mentioned.

Footnote 83:

Andrew lord de Rambures was governor of Gravelines. His son, David, is
the person here mentioned. He was appointed grand master of the
cross-bows, and fell at the battle of Agincourt with three of his
sons. Andrew II. his only surviving son, continued the line of
Rambures.

Footnote 84:

John de Craon, lord of Montbazon and Sainte Maure, _grand echanson_ de
France, killed at Agincourt.

Footnote 85:

Antoine de Vergy, count de Dammartin, maréschal of France in 1421.

Footnote 86:

Hollingshed says, this expedition was commanded by king Henry’s son,
the lord Thomas of Lancaster, and the earl of Kent. He doubts the earl
of Pembroke bring slain, for he writes, ‘the person whom the Flemings
called earl of Pembroke.’ He also differs, as to the return of the
English, from Monstrelet, and describes a sea-fight with four genoese
carracks, when the victory was gained by the English, who afterward
sailed to the coast of France, and burnt thirty-six towns in Normandy,
&c.

Footnote 87:

John lord of Croy, Renty, &c. counsellor and chamberlain to the two
dukes of Burgundy, Philip and John, afterwards grand butler of France,
killed at Agincourt.

Footnote 88:

John de Montagu, vidame du Laonnois, lord of Montagu en Laye,
counsellor and chamberlain of the king, and grand master of the
household. He was the son of Gerard de Montagu, a bourgeois of Paris,
secretary to king Charles V. Through his great interest at court, his
two brothers were presented, one to the bishoprick of Paris, the other
to the archbishoprick of Sens and office of chancellor.

Footnote 89:

This term may excite a smile. Monstrelet was a staunch Burgundian.

Footnote 90:

He styles himself count of Rethel, because, as duke of Limbourg, he
was a member of the empire, and owed the king no homage.

Footnote 91:

Brother of William count of Hainault.

Footnote 92:

Philip the bold, king of France, gave the county of Alençon to his son
Charles count of Valois, father of Philip VI. and of Charles II. count
of Alençon, who was succeeded by his son Peter, the third count, who,
dying in 1404, left it to his son, John, last count and first duke of
Alençon, here mentioned. Alençon reverted to the crown on the death of
Charles III. the last duke, in 1525.

Footnote 93:

Louis II. son of Louis duke of Anjou and king of Naples, brother to
king Charles V. whose expedition is recorded by Froissart.

Footnote 94:

The devices of the two parties are different in Pontus Heuterus.
(Rerum Burgundicarum, l. 3.) According to him, the Orleans-men bore on
their lances a white pennon, with the inscription, _Jacio Aleam_; and
the Burgundians set up in opposition pennons of purple, inscribed
_Accipio conditionem_.

Footnote 95:

William II. count of Namur.

Footnote 96:

Monstrelet is mistaken as to the names of the english ambassadors. The
first embassy took place the 22d March 1406, and the ambassadors were
the bishop of Winchester, Thomas lord de Camoys, John Norbury,
esquire, and master John Cateryk, treasurer of the cathedral of
Lincoln.

A second credential letter is given to the bishop of Winchester
_alone_, of the same date. Another credential is given to the same
prelate, bearing similar date, to contract a marriage with the eldest
or any other daughter of the king of France, and Henry prince of
Wales.

See the Fœdera, anno 1406.

Footnote 97:

This is a mistake. His true name was Peter de Breban, surnamed le
Clugnet, lord of Landreville.

Footnote 98:

Mary, daughter of William I. count of Namur, married first to Guy de
Châtillon, count of Blois, and secondly to this admiral de Breban. On
the deaths of both her brothers (William II. in 1418, and John III. in
1428) she became countess of Namur in her own right; and after her it
came to Philip the good, duke of Burgundy, as a reversion to the
earldom of Flanders.

Footnote 99:

Frederick, second son of John duke of Lorraine, and brother of Charles
the bold, obtained the county of Vaudemont (originally a branch of
Lorraine) by marriage with Margaret daughter and heir of Henry V.
count of Vaudemont and Joinville.

Footnote 100:

Olivier de Blois, count of Penthievre and viscount of Limoges,
grandson of Charles de Blois, the unfortunate competitor with John de
Montfort for the duchy of Bretagne.

Footnote 101:

Son to the duke of Bourbon.

Footnote 102:

John de Hangest, lord of Huqueville.

Footnote 103:

Called in the Catalogue of the Bishops of Liege, by Joannes
Placentius, Henry lord of Parewis. The name of his son, the elected
bishop, was Theodoric de Parewis. Pontus Heuterus says, they were
descended from the ancient dukes of Brabant.

Footnote 104:

He narrowly escaped being massacred, with all his household, at St
Tron, by a body of the rabble, who burst into the monastery with that
intent. His own personal courage alone saved him in that extremity.

Footnote 105:

Angelus Corrarius, a noble Venetian, elected at Rome after the death
of Innocent VII. He assumed the name of Gregory XII.

Footnote 106:

See the Fœdera. The ambassadors were, sir Thomas Erpingham, John
Cateryk, clerk, and Hugh Mortimer, treasurer to the prince of Wales.

Other credentials are given in December of this year, wherein the
bishop of Durham is added to the above ambassadors.

Footnote 107:

It is not very easy to say to what this chapter can refer. There
appears to have been no expedition into Scotland at this period, nor
at any other, to which the facts here related bear the least
resemblance. Is it entirely a fabrication of Monstrelet? I have looked
at Hollingshed, Stowe and Henry.

Footnote 108:

St Jangon—Perth, being probably a french corruption of St John’s Town.

Footnote 109:

Raoul d’Oquetonville, a knight of Normandy.

Footnote 110:

The Guillemins were an order of hermits, instituted by Guillaume, duke
of Guienne and count of Poitou. They succeeded to the church-convent
of the Blanc-Manteaus, instituted by St Louis.

Footnote 111:

The name of the adulteress was Marietta d’Enguien,—and the son he had
by her the famous John, count of Dunois and of Longueville. Sir Aubert
de Canny was a knight of Picardy.

Footnote 112:

_Præsenti animo_, says Heuterus.

Footnote 113:

Consult Bayle and Brantôme for a singular anecdote respecting the
private reasons which urged the duke to commit this murder.

Footnote 114:

The monk of St Denis, author of the History of Charles VI. adds the
following damning clause to his account of this foul transaction:—‘But
what raised to the highest pitch the horror of the princes at the
blackness of soul displayed by the duke was, that very shortly before,
he not only was reconciled but entered into an alliance of brotherly
love with the duke of Orleans. They had yet more recently confirmed
it, both by letters and oaths, insomuch that they called God to
witness it, and received the communion together. They had every
appearance of an entire union in the conduct of the war which was
committed to their charge: they had defended one another’s honour from
the bad success which attended them: it seemed as if they had only one
interest; and, for a yet greater token of union and of love, the duke
of Burgundy, hearing that the duke of Orleans was indisposed, visited
him with all the marks, I do not say of civility but, of tender
affection, and even accepted an invitation to dine with him the next
day, being Sunday. The other princes of the blood, knowing all this,
could not but conceive the most extreme indignation at so horrible a
procedure: they therefore refused to listen to his excuses,—and the
next morning, when he came to the parliament-chamber, they forbade him
entrance.’ See Bayle, Art. ‘Petit.’ The reconciliation here mentioned
is also alluded to, ch. xliv.

Footnote 115:

‘The noble duke of Bourbon,’ says the monk of St Denis, ‘was nominated
to this embassy, but he generously excused himself from it: he would
not even remain any longer at court, but demanded leave to retire to
his own estates; for he loved better to renounce the share which he
had in the government than consent to compound with the state for the
murder of his nephew, which made him exclaim loudly, and many times,
as I have been assured, that he could never look with a favourable eye
upon the author of a treason so cowardly and so infamous.’ See Bayle,
_ubi supra_.

Footnote 116:

This shows how general wooden buildings were still in the 15th
century.

Footnote 117:

The titles of Guienne and Acquitaine were always used
indiscriminately.

Footnote 118:

Louis, cardinal de Bar, afterwards cardinal of the Twelve Apostles,
youngest son of Robert, and brother of Edward, dukes of Bar, and heir
to the duchy after the deaths of all his brothers.

Footnote 119:

John Petit, professor of theology in the university of Paris, ‘ame
venale,’ says Bayle, ‘et vendue à l’iniquitè.’ He was reputed a great
orator, and had been employed twice before to plead on occasions of
the first importance. The first was in favour of the university
against some accusations of the cardinal-legate in 1406; the second,
at Rome before pope Gregory, on the 20th of July 1407, on the subject
of the king’s proposal for a termination of the schism. The very
curious performance with which we are here presented was publicly
condemned by the bishop of Paris and the university as soon as they
were out of fear from the immediate presence of the duke of Burgundy,
and burnt by the common hangman. See, in Bayle, further particulars of
the work and its author.

Footnote 120:

See the 19th chap. 2 Samuel.

Footnote 121:

This is a very striking allusion to a particular custom at
tournaments, and sometimes in actual fight, of which Sainte Palaye
gives a most interesting account in the ‘Memoires sur l’Ancienne
Chevalerie.’

The exclamation, ‘Aux filz des Preux!’ was evidently used to encourage
young knights to emulate the glories of their ancestors, and to do
nothing unworthy the noble title given them; and in many instances it
was attended with the most animating consequences.

The greatest misfortune attending on a translation of french
chronicles is the total absence in our language of an expression
answerable to the french word ‘preux,’ which conveys in itself whole
volumes of meaning. Spencer ventured to adapt the word in its
superlative degree to the english tongue. He says somewhere ‘the
_prowest_ knight alive.’ In fact, the word ‘preux’ may be considered
as summing up the whole catalogue of knightly virtues in one
expression.

The exclamation was sometimes varied,—‘Honneur aux filz des preux!’
which seems to be the original expression.

Footnote 122:

Q. ‘Et aussi deux ans paravant que nous estiemes en meur estat?’

Footnote 123:

Peter, youngest son of Charles the bad, and brother of Charles III.
king of Navarre. He died without issue 1411.

Footnote 124:

William count of Tancarville and viscount of Melun, great chamberlain,
president of the chamber of accounts, great butler, &c. killed at
Agincourt. His daughter and heiress Margaret, brought the county of
Tancarville, &c. in marriage, to James de Harcourt.

Footnote 125:

Peter de Luxembourg St Pol, count of Brienne and Conversano, created
knight of the Golden Fleece in 1430; John de Luxembourg, his father,
was brother to Walleran, and son to Guy, count of St Pol; and on the
death of Walleran, without issue-male in 1415, Peter succeeded to his
title and estates. His mother was heiress of the illustrious house of
Brienne, emperors of Constantinople, kings of Jerusalem and dukes of
Athens, &c. Anghien was one of the titles which she brought to the
house of Luxembourg.

Footnote 126:

Fosse and Florennes,—a small town and village in the bishoprick of
Liege.

Footnote 127:

This is a mistake. Henry III. king of Castille, dying in December
1406, was succeeded by his son, John II. an infant of 22 months. The
battle here mentioned was fought in the ensuing year, D. Alphonso
Henriques being admiral of Castille. Tarquet (Hist. d’Espagne) says,
there were only 13 castillian against 23 moorish galleys, and that
eight of the latter were taken in the engagement. Braquemont was
rewarded for his extraordinary services by the grant of all conquests
which he might make in the Canaries. This contingent benefit he
resigned to his cousin, John de Betancourt, for more solid possessions
in Normandy; and, in the year 1417, he obtained the high dignity of
admiral of France.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transcriber’s note:

Variations in spelling and diacritics have been retained. Outliers have been changed to conform to common spelling.

Format of chapter headings has been regularised.

Page vii, ‘Frelun’ changed to ‘Fretun,’ “Gilbert de Fretun makes”

Page viii, ‘Tke’ changed to ‘The,’ “The duke of Burgundy”

Page xiv, opening single quote inserted before ‘According,’ “‘According to the historian”

Page xx, opening single quote inserted before ‘Monstrelet,’ “‘Monstrelet was married to”

Pages xxx-xxxi, ‘pursuivants’ changed to ‘poursuivants,’ “heralds, poursuivants, and kings at”

Page xxxii, opening single quote removed before ‘Essais,’ “Essais de Montaigne”

Page xxxv, closing single quote inserted after ‘moutarde.,’ “plus baveux qu’un pot à moutarde.’”

Page xxxvii, colon changed to semicolon following ‘them,’ “none of them; secondly”

Page xlvi, ‘Monstrelent’ changed to ‘Monstrelet,’ “of which Monstrelet, who”

Page 23, second ‘the’ struck, “contained at the commencement”

Page 49, ‘Luxemburg’ changed to ‘Luxembourg,’ “with the house of Luxembourg”

Page 56, ‘wth’ changed to ‘with,’ “with one hundred knights”

Page 58, ‘LETTERS’ changed to ‘LETTER,’ “TO THE LETTER OF”

Page 64, full stop inserted after ‘marq,’ “Procopius, marq. of Brand.”

Page 85, ‘appear’ changed to ‘appears,’ “against this prince appears to be”

Page 89, ‘FRELUN’ changed to ‘FRETUN,’ “GILBERT DE FRETUN MAKES WAR”

Page 94, second ‘long’ struck, “Not long after this event”

Page 94, ‘Morery’ changed to ‘Moreri.’ in footnote, “Moreri.”

Page 115, ‘imbarked’ changed to ‘embarked,’ “in consequence, re-embarked with his men”

Page 118, ‘cross bows’ changed to ‘cross-bows,’ “of cross-bows and archers”

Page 120, ‘duk’ changed to ‘duke,’ “Albert IV. duke of Austria”

Page 130, ‘Ginenchy’ changed to ‘Givenchy,’ “lord de Givenchy, with”

Page 155, ‘confidental’ changed to ‘confidential,’ “most confidential advisers”

Page 187, full stop inserted after ‘passed,’ “all that had passed. The”

Page 198, ‘perpretrated’ changed to ‘perpetrated,’ “been perpetrated by sir”

Page 198, ‘wa’ changed to ‘was,’ “Sir Aubert de Canny was”

Page 250, closing single quote inserted after ‘slain!’,’ “from being slain!’’”

Page 251, ‘satisfiac’ changed to ‘satisfac,’ “et alloquens satisfac servis”

Page 254, ‘that’ changed to ‘That,’ “That the two knights”

Page 261, ‘Policratiri’ changed to ‘Policratici,’ “in libro suo Policratici”

Page 262, passage beginning ‘Ricardi de media villa’ left as in original French language edition

Page 275, opening single quote inserted before ‘‘Ex,’ “‘‘Ex illo arguitur sic”

Page 277, closing single quote deleted after ‘tyrant,’ “blood of a tyrant.”

Page 287, ‘wordly’ changed to ‘worldly,’ “honours and worldly riches”

Page 310, comma changed to full stop following ‘punishment,’ “by fear of punishment.”

Page 340, opening single quote inserted before ‘‘Justitia,’ “‘‘Justitia inquit regnantis”

Page 341, opening single quote inserted before ‘‘Justitia,’ “‘‘Justitia est constans”

Page 345, ‘Duobis’ changed to ‘Duobus,’ “Duobus existentibus amicis”

Page 353, comma inserted after ‘dilexit,’ “dilexit, æquitatem vidit”

Page 374, ‘Zambre’ changed to ‘Zambry,’ “who slew Zambry without”

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The chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Vol. 01 [of 13]Chapter XI: Part 11

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