Chapter XXI: Book I: ends on sig. ~b~ 8 verso; Book II on ~f j~ recto; Book III on (3)

~ℂ Here begynneth a lytyll treatyse schortely
compyled and called ars moriendi / that is
to saye the craft for to deye for the helthe of
mannes sowle .~

~W~ ~han ony of lykly hode shal deye / thenne
is moste necessarye to haue a specyall~

The tract ends on ~A~ 8 verso, with a full page:--

~For suche right bere ad=usite or oni tribulacon
To that y^e chirche techeth y^e put ful credulyte .~

~That god hath pmysed trust it well withou
defallacyon .~

~In hope abydyng his reward and eulastyng
glorie . Amen Explicit .~

REMARKS.--This short tract appears to be a translation from the Latin, and doubtless by Caxton himself. No other copy, however, manuscript or printed, in Latin or any other language, appears to be known.

This unique specimen is in the middle of a volume of black-letter tracts in the Bodleian Library.

NO. 98.--THE CHASTISING OF GOD’S CHILDREN. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ.
(1491?)_

COLLATION.--An unsigned sheet (two leaves), containing table and prologue; ~A B C D E F G~ are 3ns; ~H~ a 2n. In all 48 leaves, and no blanks.

TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--In this book we meet with the first approach to a title-page, which consists of a 3-line paragraph printed in the centre of the first recto. The types are No. 6 for the Text, No. 7 being found on the first page only. Double column--the lines measuring 2⅝ inches, and being fully spaced out. 36 lines to a column. Without folio or catchwords. Initials in wood 3 and 4 lines deep.

The Text begins with the following 3 lines in the centre of the first recto,

~ℂ The prouffytable boke for manes soule / And right
comfor= ‖ table to the body / and specyally in aduersitee &
trybulacyon / whiche ‖ boke is called The Chastysing of
goddes Chyldern~

On the verso, with a floriated 4-line initial, and in double column, the first two lines being in type No. 7,

~N drede of almigh= The causes considered . and
~I~ ty ‖ god Relygyous many ‖ other skylfully . J
sus= ‖ ter a short may drede to wri ‖ te of this
pistle J sen ‖ de chastysing But askyng ‖
you of the mater of ‖ temp= helpe of god almyghty / by
tacons / whiche pystle as whoos ‖ might the asse had
me ‖ speche to the pro ‖~

The Text ends on the recto of sig. ~H~ 4, with the verso blank,

~not denye to the alone that to ful Joye & blisse / Now
prayest ‖ her soo besely / Yet god gra ‖ unt that it myghte
ouer all this ‖ whan thou art so be . that euer ‖ is lastyng
harde tempted . and ‖ in Trinyte /~
* * * * *

REMARKS.--The use of a title-page, a practice unknown to Caxton, the appearance of type No. 7, and the adoption of signatures having three sheets only--all point to Wynken de Worde, rather than to Caxton, as the printer of this book, which was probably executed about 1491. The original writer of the work is unknown, and there seems but little reason for attributing its composition to Caxton, as some writers have done.

EXISTING COPIES.--British Museum; Cambridge, University Library (2); Pepysian, and Sydney Sussex College; Hunterian, Glasgow; Lincoln Cathedral; Sion College, London; Göttingen University; and three copies in private hands.

NO. 99.--A TREATISE OF LOVE. _Folio. Translated in 1493. Without
Printer’s Name, Place, or Date. (1493?)_

COLLATION.--~A B C D E F G H~ are all 3ns = 48 leaves, all printed.

TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title. The type is No. 6 for the Text, but on the first page is a line in type No. 7, the first of Wynken de Worde’s founts. The whole is in double column.

The Text begins on sig. ~A j~ recto,

~ℂ This tretyse is of loue
and spe ‖ kyth of iiij of the
most specyall lo ‖ uys that
ben in the worlde and she~
* * * * *
~whiche tretyse was
translatid out of frenshe
Into en= ‖ glyshe / the yere
of our lord M cccc ‖ lxxxxiij /
by a persone that is vnper ‖
fight insuche werke wherfor
he hu ‖ bly byseche the lernyd
reders wyth ‖ pacyens to cor=
recte it where they ‖ fpnde
nede. And they & alle other ‖
redders of their charyte to
pray for ‖ the soule of the
sayde translatour ‖~

The Text ends on the second column of the sixth recto of sig. ~H~,

~Whiche boke was lately
transla- ‖ ted outeof frensh
in to englisshe ‖ by a Right
well dysposed persone / ‖ for
by cause the sayd persone
thoug ‖ hte if necessary to al
deuoute peple ‖ to rede / or to
here it redde / And also ‖
caused the sayd boke to be
enpryn- ‖ ted /~

Underneath this is the small device. The reverse is blank.

REMARKS.--This is evidently an issue from the press of Wynken de Worde, whose earliest type is seen in the first page, and who was accustomed to make up his books in 3ns instead of 4ns, as was the plan during Caxton’s life. The tract does not appear to have been translated till 1493, and may have gone to press the succeeding year: now Caxton died in 1491. The non-occurrence of the small device in any other book attributed to Caxton is another reason for supposing it to be in reality the workmanship of Wynken de Worde, who frequently used this shaped device in his early publications. At a later period he added his own name to the design.

Although not the work of Caxton, “A Treatise of Love” has been included in this chapter, because “A List of Books printed in Type No. 6” would be imperfect without it.

Copies are in the University Library, Sydney Sussex College, and Pepysian Library, Cambridge; in Lincoln Cathedral Library; the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow; University Library, Göttingen; and two in private libraries.

_From Caxton’s “Order of Chivalry.” Type 4*_]

_Woodcuts from Caxton’s “Speculum vitæ Christi.”_]

_The earliest instance of a Title-page in any English Book; Printed about 1491._]

WOODCUT INITIALS FROM CAXTON’S BOOKS.]

CAXTON’S DEVICE.]

A
LIST OF BOOKS
NOT PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CAXTON,
BUT HAVING SOME
CONNECTION WITH HIS TYPES;
ALSO OF
DOUBTFUL WORKS,
AND
BOOKS ERRONEOUSLY ASCRIBED TO HIS PRESS.

POSTHUMOUS AND DOUBTFUL WORKS.

NO. 100.--THE LIFE OF SAINT KATHERINE.--THE REVELATIONS OF SAINT
ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ. (1493?)_

COLLATION.--~a~ is a 4n; ~b c d e f g h i k l m n o p~ are 3ns; ~q~ is a 2n. Total 96 leaves, all printed.

TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title-page. The type for some of the headings is No. 7, the same as that already noticed in “Chastising” and “Festial;” but the type for the body of the work is a partial re-casting of No. 4*, with many new additions, and on a rather smaller body, being evidently a different fount from any known to have been used by Caxton. The pages are in double column, and have 43 and 44 lines to a page. Full lines measure 2⅞ inches. Without folios or catchwords. On the last leaf is the large Device.

This book, like some already mentioned, was in all probability the workmanship of Wynken de Worde, shortly after Caxton’s death. This opinion is borne out by the types used, by the signatures being in 3ns instead of 4ns; by very long pages, and by wood initials, identical with those used in the early books of Wynken de Worde.

NO. 101.--THE GOLDEN LEGEND. _Third Edition. Folio. “Fynysshed at
westmestre . . The year of our lord M CCCC lxxxxiij / . . ℂ By
me wyllyam Caxton.”_

COLLATION.--Table and prologue a 2n; ~a b c d e~ are 4ns; ~F~ a single sheet; ~f g h i k l m n o p q r s t v x y z &~ 9 are 4ns; ~e~ a 2n, signed to ~e iij~; ~A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y~ are 4ns; ~aa bb cc dd ee~ are 4ns; ~ff~ a 3n, signed to ~ff iiij~; and ~gg~ a 2n, signed to ~gg iij~. Total 436 leaves, all printed.

TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title-page. The types are No. 7, and the re-casting of type No. 4*, noticed in the preceding work, which fount is only known to have been used for these two books. The work is in double column, and the lines, of which there are 44 to a column, measure 2⅞ inches. Without folios or catchwords. Many woodcuts and woodcut initials.

Caxton died two years before the date of printing.

NO. 102.--THE SIEGE OF RHODES. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ._

COLLATION.--Four unsigned 3ns, or 24 leaves all printed.

TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title of any sort. The type is very rude and uneven, being a different fount to that used for the “St. Katherine” and “Golden Legend” just noticed. Some of the letters are the same as Caxton’s No. 4*, but many rude additions have been made. There is a space between each line, probably made by the use of “reglets,” the unevenness of which is very apparent. The lines are spaced to an even length, and there are 26 to a page, except the first and second, which have, respectively, 30 and 31. They measure in length 4½ inches, the depth of 26 lines varying from 7 to 7⅛ inches. Without signatures, folios, catchwords, or printed initials.

NO. 103.--MISSALE AD USUM SARUM.--EXARATUM PARISIUS IMPENSA OPTIMI
VIRI GUILLERMI CAXTON. _Folio. Paris, 4th Dec. 1487._

The type is the usual church text used for service books. In double columns, with head-lines.

As connected with Caxton, the whole of the interest centres in the colophon.

~Missale ad vsum Sar’ cun
ctitenetis dei dono / magno
conamine elaboratum finis
feliciter . Exaratum Parisiꝰ
impensa optimi viri Guil-
lermi Caxton . Arte vero et
industria Magistri Guiller
mi Maynyal . Anno domini
M . CCCC . lxxxvii . iiij De
cembris.~

This is on the recto of the last leaf, and upon the verso is Caxton’s large device.

REMARKS.--Passing by the great interest which this missal has in being five years earlier in date than the celebrated Rouen edition, dated October 1st, 1492, hitherto considered as the _editio princeps_, we have to elucidate it in relation to Caxton.

It has not, until the discovery of this volume, been supposed that Caxton employed foreign printers to help him, although it is well known that his successors did so. In this case he used the services of a printer at Paris, whose name very seldom appears in typographical annals. Little is known of William Maynyal, who is erroneously called, by Panzer, George. In 1480, working in conjunction with Ulric Gering, the first printer at Paris, he produced “Speculum aureum,” as well as “Summa de virtutibus cardinalibus,” both in Roman types. Afterwards, he worked alone. In 1487, Caxton, not having appropriate types of his own, sent instructions to Maynyal, of Paris, to print for him the Salisbury Missal. The commission was executed, and Caxton, desirous of associating his press more directly with this issue than by the colophon only, which many people might overlook, probably designed his “mark” for the purpose of attracting attention. It is certainly the earliest date at which it has yet been found; and the state of the block, which has fewer breakages than any other known example, confirms the priority of this in a most interesting manner. Since 1484 Caxton had not used woodcuts; but just at this time, 1487, he appears to have found some one for the purpose, and the “Royal Book” and the “Speculum” appeared with numerous cuts. The same artist was probably employed to design and engrave the new “trade mark.”

The only known copy is in the possession of W. J. Legh, Esq., M.P., and was first made known in the _Athenæum_, March 21st, 1874.

BARTHOLOMEUS DE PROPRIETATIBUS RERUM.

This work is supposed to have been printed by Caxton, at Cologne, on the strength of a statement by Wynken de Worde. As, however, this printer has perpetrated the most curious contradictions and mis-statements in many of his prologues and colophons, it seems more than probable that he blundered here also, as no connection whatever can be traced between the typographical customs of Caxton and those of the Cologne school; nor does any copy of “Bartholomeus” exist which can, with any show of reason, be attributed to Caxton’s press.

For further remarks on this subject, see page 64.

THE METAMORPHOSES OF OVID.

In the Pepysian library, Cambridge (2124) is an English manuscript of the fifteenth century, not improbably Caxton’s autograph, and consisting of the Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Books of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Each book in the manuscript begins with a red-ink title, the first being:--

“Here followeth the ‖ xth booke of Ouyde ‖ wherof the first fa ‖ ble is of the mari ‖ age of Orpheus ‖ and Erudice his lo ‖ ue. Cap° p’m°.”

For an imitation of this paragraph see Dibdin’s _Typ. Ant._, vol. i, page 14. At the end of the volume is the following colophon:--

“Translated and fynysshed by me William Caxton at Westmestre the xxij day of Apryll / the yere of our lord m. iiij^c iiij^{xx} And the xx yere of the Regne of kyng Edward the fourth.”

Now Caxton, from what we know of his disposition, would never have begun a translation in the middle of a book. He therefore, no doubt, translated the former nine books also. But all Caxton’s translations, and especially in the busy time of 1480, were made for the press. There seems, therefore, good reason to believe that the Metamorphoses were printed also by Caxton, although unfortunately no fragment of such a work is at present known.

It seems not unlikely that the Pepysian MS. is in Caxton’s own autograph.

THE LIFE AND MIRACLES OF ROBERT EARL OF OXFORD.

In the preface to “The Four Sons of Aymon,” Caxton says, “Therefore late at the request and commandment of the right noble and virtuous Earl, John, Earl of Oxford, my good singular and especial lord I reduced and translated out of French into our maternal and English tongue the life of one of his predecessors named Robert Earl of Oxford tofore said, with divers and many great miracles which god showed for him as well in his life as after his death as is showed all along in his said book.”

Having translated this Life, it is not improbable that Caxton also printed it.

A BALLAD.

“The small fragment of an unknown work,” preserved among some old ballads in the British Museum (643. m.) and described by Sir Henry Ellis, and Dr. Dibdin in _Typ. Ant._, vol. i, page 359, is a portion of the “Cook’s Tale,” from Caxton’s first edition of Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales.”

* * * * *

Several works, such as “STATUTA” (probably Machlinia’s), “LYNDEWODE’S CONSTITUTIONES,” “THE LUCIDARY,” “AN ACCIDENCE,” and others, have been by various writers included among the books issued by Caxton, but in all cases erroneously.

THE COMPARATIVE RARITY OF BOOKS PRINTED BY CAXTON,

SHOWING THE NUMBER OF COPIES OF EACH WORK KNOWN TO EXIST.

_Quanta fuisti si tanta sunt Reliquia._

No. of
Copies
known.

Brass, Temple of _frag._
Book of Courtesy, 2nd edit. _frag._
Directorium Sacerdotum, 4to. _frag._
Horæ, 1st edition _frag._
Ditto, 2nd ditto _frag._
Ditto, 3rd ditto _frag._
Indulgence--Sixtus IV _frag._

Anelida and Arcyte 1
Ars moriendi 1
Aymon, Four Sons of 1
Blanchardin and Eglantine 1
Book of Courtesy, 1st edition 1
Catho, Parvus et Magnus, 1st
edition, 4to 1
Ditto, ditto, 2nd edition, 4to 1
Charles the Great 1
Chorle and the Bird, 1st edit. 1
Ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1
Commemoracio beatæ Mariæ 1
Death-Bed Prayers 1
Directorium Sacerdotum, folio,
1st edition 1
Ditto ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1
Fifteen Oes 1
Glass, Temple of 1
Horse, Sheep, and Goose, 1st edit. 1
Ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1½
Image of Pity 1
Infancia Salvatoris 1
Indulgence--Sixtus IV 1
Another, different 1
Meditacions sur les sept Pseaulmes 1
Paris and Vienne 1
Psalterium 1
Quatre derrennieres Choses 1
Reynard the Fox, 2nd edition 1
Stans Puer 1
Servitium de Transfiguratione 1
Sex Litteræ 1
Visitatio Mariæ Virginis 1

Advertisement, An 2
Arthur, Life of King 2
Catho, Parvus et Magnus, folio,
3rd edition 2
Curial, The 2
Gouvernal of Health 2
Indulgence, 1481 2
Propositio Johannis Russell 2
Saona, Gul. de 2

Æsop, Fables of 3
Art and Craft 3
Curia Sapientiæ 3
Dictes and Sayings, 2nd edition 3
Good Manners, Book of 3
Jason, Les fais du 3
Moral Proverbs 3
Saint Winifred, Life of 3

Book of Fame 4
Chivalry, Order of 4
Festial, The, 1st edition 4
Rhodes, Siege of 4
Statutes of Henry VII 4
Troilus and Creside 4
Vocabulary 4

Golden Legend, 2nd edition 5
Pilgrimage of the Soul 5
Four Sermons, 2nd edition 5
Reynard the Fox, 1st edition 5

Divers Ghostly Matters 6
Festial, The, 2nd edition 6
Jason, The Life of 6
Knight of the Tower 6
Recueil, Le 6

Chronicles of England, 2nd edit. 7
Dictes and Sayings, 3rd edition 7

Life of our Lady 8
Royal Book 8
Treatise of Love 8

Canterbury Tales, 1st edition 9
Ditto 2nd ditto 9
Doctrinal of Sapience 9
Four Sermons, 1st edition 9

Chess, Game and Play of, 1st ed. 10
Cordial 10
Golden Legend, 3rd edition 10
Katherine, Life of St. 10

Godfrey of Boloyn 11
Speculum Vitæ Christi 11

Caton 12
Chastising of God’s Children 12
Chess, Game and Play of, 2nd edit. 12
Chronicles of England, 1480 12
Description of Britain 12
Mirrour of the World, 2nd edit. 12

Dictes and Sayings, 1st edition 13

Mirrour of the World, 1st edit. 15

Boethius 16

Confessio Amantis 17

Eneydos 18

Recuyell, The 20

Fayts of Arms 21

Tully of Old Age, &c. 22

Polycronicon 30

Golden Legend, 1st edition 31

* * * * *

The reader who examines this list may well be astonished at the number here given of _unique_ Caxtons. Out of 102 works above enumerated, no less than 38 are known to us by single copies, or by fragments only. The fact is almost incredible even to those most conversant with the rarities of the Westminster Press; and the question naturally arises--If about one-third of Caxton’s issue has been _nearly_ destroyed, how numerous may have been the editions of which we shall never learn the existence? A glance at the titles of the _uniques_ will show that the books most liable to destruction, probably owing in part to their being much used, and in part to the destructiveness of religious sectarianism, are those, directly or indirectly, of an ecclesiastical character--such as “Horæ,” “Psalters,” “Meditacions,” &c. School-books also, such as the “Stans Puer,” “Catho,” &c., are always difficult of preservation. On the other hand, there seems no especial reason for the almost total destruction of such works as the romances of “King Arthur,” “The Four Sons of Aymon,” “Blanchardin,” “Charles the Great,” the second edition of “Reynard,” or the various short poems in quarto.

The greatest number of copies ever brought together is 83, being the number now in the British Museum; but of these 25 are duplicates, leaving the number of works 58, of which three are mere fragments. The Caxtons in Earl Spencer’s Library, although numerically less than those of the National Library, make nevertheless a more complete collection, and embrace 57 separate works. Other Libraries come far behind these two. The Public Library, Cambridge, has 42 separate works, a total considerably augmented by the numerous unique pieces of poetry in quarto. The Bodleian has 34 separate works, and the Duke of Devonshire 25.

INDEX.

Abbey, Meaning of word, 73

Adventurers (_See_ Merchant Adventurers)

Advertisement printed by Caxton, 72, 239

Æneid by Virgil, 347

Æsop, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 48, 91, 287

Aforge, Daniel, 86

Ailly, Cardinal Pierre d’, 228

Alburgh, John, 150

Alcock, Bishop, 181

Aldus, Pius Romanus, 106

Alfonse, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287

Almonry, The, Its position, &c., 73, 74, 75, 79

Alphage, St., Parish of, 4

Ambassadors at Bruges, 27

Ames, Joseph, Note on Caxton’s death, 85

Amman, Jost, 104

Anderson’s History of Commerce, 26

Anelida, Queen, and False Arcyte, printed by Caxton, 212

Anne, St., Chapel of, 73, 74

Apprentices, Entry and Issues of, 6

Apprentices, Duties of, 8

Apprentices and Executors, 14

Apprentices, Oath of, 145

Apprenticeship of Caxton, 5

Arbre de, Batailles, 337

Arcyte, Queen Anelida, and False, printed by Caxton, 212

Ars moriendi, printed by Caxton, 358

Art, The, and Craft to know well to Die, printed by Caxton, 346, 354

Arthur, The Noble Histories of King, and of certain of his Knights,
printed by Caxton, 304

Arundel, Earl of, his Device, 81

Ascensius Jodocus Badius, 128

Assumption, Guild of Lady of, 77

Atkyns, Richard, Origin and Growth of Printing, 90

Aubert, David (a Scribe), 35, 187

Avian, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287

Ayenbit of Inwit, The, 324

Aymon, The four Sons of, printed by Caxton, 343

Bagford, John, 75, 91

Baker, John, 150

Bakker, Jenyne, 149

Ballads, Some, printed by Caxton, 211

Ballad, A, 369

Ballard, Mr., of Cambden, 85

Balls, Inking, 124

Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus, 55, 64, 65, 340, 368

Bath Cathedral, 284

Bavaria, Henry, Duke of, 353

Bayntun, W., 321

Beauvais, Vincent de, 226, 227

Bedford, Duke of, 34, 36

Bedford Library, 255

Bedfordshire General Library, 324

Bedleem Hospital, Bequest to, by Large, 10

Belet, 282

Benet College Library, 220

Bernard, M. A., 106, 109

Bernard, M. A., Opinion on Colard Mansion, 62

Berners Juliana, 338

Betts, Edward, 151

Bequests, Various, of Large, 10

Bible, The Mazarine, 45

Bibles and Psalters, First, 43

Bibles not in demand in Fifteenth Century, 83

Bird, the Chorle and the, printed by Caxton, 209, 210

Blanchardin and Eglantine, The History of, printed by Caxton, 342

Blanche, Queen of France, 326

Blandford, Marquis of, 198

Blois, Library of, 36

Boat Hire, 19

Bocace, Fall of Princes, 347

Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiæ, translated into English by
Geoffrey Chaucer, printed by Caxton, 215

Boke of Noblesse, The, 336

Bolomyer, Henry, 307

Boloyne, The History of Godfrey of, printed by Caxton, 252

Bomsted, Henry, 20

Bonet, Honoré, 337

Bonifaunt, Rich, 10, 147

Bowyer, William, 109

Bookbinder described, 130

Bookbinding, 95

Book of Courtesy, The 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 211

Second Edition, 355

Book of Good Manners, printed by Caxton, 81, 315

Book, A, of Divers Ghostly Matters, printed by Caxton, 350

Book of Fame, The, printed by Caxton, 292

Book, The, which the Knight of the Tower made to the “enseygnement”
and teaching of his daughters, printed by Caxton, 273

Books, Covers of, 215

Books not printed by Caxton but having some connection with his
types, &c., 363

Books, Passion for, in Europe, 36

Botfield, Mr., 306

Bouillon, Godefroy de, 253

Bradshaw, H., of Cambridge, 55, 192, 295

Brand, John, 198

Bretaylles, Louis de, 190

Brice, Hugh, 228

Bristol, 350

Brito, Jean, 38

Broad, St. Ward, 75

Brown, J., 151

Browne, Willis (Mit. Abb.), 223

Bruges, 13, 15, 27, 37, 38, 57, 81, 150

Bruges, City of, Caxton, a Merchant at, 15, 17

Bruges, Ducal Library of, 214

Bruges, Guild of St. John the Evangelist, 37

Bruges, Records of, 158-160

Brute, Chronicle of, 89

Bryant, Mr., 327

Bryce, H., 82

Bryce, T., 17

Bullen, Mr., 244

Burdeux, John de, 340

Burchiello, Portrait of, 91

Burgh, Richard, 16, 17, 148, 204, 205, 279

Burgundy, Duke of, 15, 16, 24, 27, 34, 38, 58

Burgundy (Philip the Good), 38

Burial Fees for Wm. Caxton, 79

Campbell, M. F. A. G., 330

Canterbury Tales, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 193

Canterbury Tales, 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 290

Caradoc, Prince, 304

Carmen de Vere, 271

Caslon, W., 105, 108

Castel, Etienne, 193

Catchwords, 133

Catho Magnus, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 202, 204

Catho Magnus, printed by Caxton, 204, 205

Caton, printed by Caxton, 277

Cattlyn, Richard and John, 224

Caustons, Manor of, 3

Causton, Michael de;
Henry de;
Nichol de;
Richard de;
Theobald de;
Roger de;
William de;
Stevyn, 147

Cauxton and Causton, a form of Caxton, 3

Cawston, Johannes, Will of, 3

Cawston, Oliver, 161

Caxston, W., 148

Caxton, Elizabeth (daughter of Caxton), 30

Caxton, Elizabeth: Deed of Separation, 166

Caxton, John, 4

Caxton, Maude, 81

Caxton, Pedigree, 4;
his Patrons, 29;
his knowledge of Printing, derived from Colard Mansion, and not at
Cologne, 49 to 68;
Settles at Westminster, 70;
Extracts from Works, showing a connection between his own name and
a locality, 70;
his Daughter, 75;
Patronised by Edward IV., 80;
Receives a Payment from Edward IV., 80;
List of Works, 82;
Classification of Works, 82;
Time taken for Translation of Works, 83;
Death and Burial, 85;
his Property at Death, 85;
his Will, 86;
his Literary Attainments, 87 to 90;
a Linguist, 88;
Portraits of, 90;
Anecdotes in Appendix to Æsop’s Fables, 91;
his Character, 92;
a Master Printer, 93 to 142;
his Printing Office and Workmen, 93;
his Types, 103;
his large Device, 137;
Price of his Books, 141;
Judgment by, 158;
Payment by the King, 160;
Burial Fees, 161;
Auditor of Parish Accounts, 161;
Chess Book, Interpolation of, 174

Caxton, William (not the Printer), 81;
Burial, 4

Censuria literaria, 197

Charles, King of France, 33

Charles the Bold succeeds Philip the Good, 24

Charles the Great (Prologue), 83

Charles the Great, the Life of the Noble and Christian Prince,
printed by Caxton, 306

Charron, The Jesuit, 310

Charters, Mercers and Merchant Adventurers, 18-21

Chartier, Alain, 297

Chases, 123

Chastising, The, of God’s Children, printed by Caxton, 359

Chato, et Parvus Magnus, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 202;
2nd Edition, 205;
3rd Edition, 224

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 89, 294;
Envoi of, to Skogan, printed by Caxton, 211

Chaucer, Geoffrey, Canterbury Tales, 1st Edition, 193;
2nd Edition, 290;
Boethius de Consolacione Philosophiæ, printed by Caxton, 213

Chaucer, The complaint of, to his purse, printed by Caxton, 212

Chertsey, Andrew, 355

Chess Book, The, 56, 59, 61, 68, 80, 111, 289

Chess, Game and Play of, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 23, 173

Chess, The Game and Play of, the, 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton,
232

Chivalry, The Order of, printed by Caxton, 289

Chobham, Eleanor, her penance, 13

Chorle, The, and the Bird, printed by Caxton, 209, 210

Chronicles of England, The, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 247;
2nd Edition, 255

Chronicle of King Alfred, 104

Chronicle of Brute, 248

Churche, Daniel, 204

Clarence, Duke of, 173

Cloth, English, excluded by Duke of Burgundy, 16, 23

Coburger, Nuremberg, printer, 239

Colard Mansion, _See_ Mansion

Cologne, 62

Colonna Ægidius, 174

Commission issued, 1464, for renewal of Treaty of Trade, 22

Complaint, The, of Chaucer to his purse, printed by Caxton, 212

Commemoratio Lamentationis sive compassionis Beatæ Mariæ in morte
filii, printed by Caxton, 329

Composing-Stick, 122, 124

Compositor, The, described, 121

Confessio Amantis, printed by Caxton, 271

Congregational Library, 331

Connection between Caxton and Colard Mansion, 64

Copenhagen, Royal Library, 316

Copland, R., 344;
one of Caxton’s workmen, 70

Copland, W., 94, 345

Corpus Christi College, 220

Cordyale, or the Four Last Things, printed by Caxton, 216

Court of Sapience, printed by Caxton, 250

Courtesy, Book of, printed by Caxton, 211, 355

Cowper, Mr., 331

Craes, W., 16

Creveceur, Seigneur de, 50

Crede Mihi, Tractatus, printed by Caxton, 319, 345

Croppe, Gerard, 30

Crosse, John, 86

Cristyne of Pisan--Moral Proverbs, 194, 195

Cura Sapentiæ; or the Court of Sapience, printed by Caxton, 250

Curial, The, 296

D’Ailly, Pierre, Cardinal, 180

D’Angers, Guy, 187

Dares Phrygius, 172

Daubeney, William, 80

Daunnou, M., 227

Day, John, Printer, 104

Death-bed Prayers, printed by Caxton, 285

Dedes, Robert, 10

Deguilleville, Guillaume de, Pilgrimage of the Soul, 259

Delff, 76

Denis de Leewis, 186

Description of Britain, The, printed by Caxton, 249

Development of Printing, 38

Device, Caxton’s, 48, 138

Devonshire, Duke of, Purchase of the Recuyell, 171

Dictes and Sayings, 24, 65, 70, 79, 86, 188, 221, 348

Dictes and Sayings, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 188;
2nd Edition, 221;
3rd Edition, 348

Dictys Cretensis, 172

Dinner, Visitation of Mercers’, 76

Directorium, seu Pica Sarum, printed by Caxton, 241

Directorium Sacerdotum, una cum Defensorio ejusdem, item tractatus
qui dicitur crede mihi, printed by Caxton, 319, 345

Doctrinal de la foy Catholique, 326

Doctrinal of Sapience, The, printed by Caxton, 324

Domus Angliæ, 22

Donatus, St., Church of, 50

Douce, F., 172

Douce Collection, 356

Drapers, Merchant Adventurers, 18

Durham Cathedral, 351

Dysart, Earl of, 341

Echard, Script. Ordin. Prædicat, 351

Edward III introduces cloth factories to England, 2

Edward IV, 3, 27, 28, 35, 80, 87

Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint, the Revelations of, 365

Ellis, Sir Henry, 370

Eneydos, printed by Caxton, 2, 74, 80, 346

English, First Book in, 170

English Nation, The, 22

Esterlings, 22, 192

Essex, Earl of, 204

Esteney, John, Abbot of Westminster, 74

Eton College, 179, 230

Eugenius III, Pope, 353

Evilmerodach, King, 233

Exeter, 215

Exeter College, Oxford, 279, 301, 350

Eye, witch of, 13

Eyre, Thomas, husband of Elizabeth Large, 11

Fables of Æsop, the; of Avian; of Alfonse; and of Poge, the
Florentine, printed by Caxton, 287

Faits d’Armes, les, 335

Fait d’Armes et de Chevalerie, 336

Fall of Princes, 347

Fame, the Book of, printed by Caxton, 292

Farmer’s, Dr., Library, 241

Faron, Jean, 174

Fastolf, Sir John, 81, 232

Fayts of Arms and of Chivalry, The, printed by Caxton, 80, 335, 338

Felding Geoffrey, Mayor, 17

Festial, The (Liber Festialis) 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 263,
331

Festial, The (Liber Festialis) 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 356

Fèvre Ravne le, 58

Fifteen Oes, the, and other Prayers, printed by Caxton, 352

Figgins, V., 108

Filastre, Guillaume, 172

Fineschi Vincenzio, 102

Fishmongers, Merchant Adventurers, 18

Flanders, Peace between England and, 13

Flemish goods prohibited, 23

Flemish settlers in England, 2

Fostalf, John, Knight, 191

Founders’ Company, 18

Four Last Things or Cordyale, printed by Caxton, 216

Four Sermons, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 265

Four Sermons, &c. (Quatuor Sermones, &c.), printed by Caxton, 2nd
Edition, 358

Four Sons of Aymon, The, printed by Caxton, 343

Fowls, Parliament of, printed by Caxton, 211

Frankfort typefounders, 107

Franklin, Benjamin, 108

Freeman of London, Oath of, 146

Friskets, 129

Gairdner, Mr., Memorials of King Henry the Seventh, 269

Galiard, Messire, 197

Gallopes, Jean de, 261, 318

Galiot du Pré, 297

Gedney, John, 11

Geiffe, William, 86

Gering, Ulrich, 367

Gerson, Chancellor, 338

Gervers, M., 29

Ghent, 27

Ghent, Public Library at, 330

Glass, The Temple of, printed by Caxton, 208

Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 30

Godfrey of Bulloyn, printed by Caxton, 83

Gödike, K., 230

Golden Fleece, order of, 15

Golden Legend, 65, 96;
Copies left by Caxton to St. Margaret’s, Westminster, 86;
1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 280;
2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 310;
3rd Edition, 365

Gossin, Jean, 51, 227

Göttingen, Royal University Library, 208

Governal of Health, The, printed by Caxton, 340, 358

Governor of English Merchants at Bruges--Duties of, 20

Guido of Colonna, 172

Granton, John, 16

Grenville Library, 210

Greyhounde, The, 75, 76, 79

Groote, Guerard le, 16

Gruthuyse, Louis de Bruges, 35, 36, 50

Guilds:--
St. John the Evangelist, 37;
St. Thomas-à-Becket, 18;
Lady Assumption, 77;
Vassel feasts, 78;
Accounts, 78;
“Les Frères de la Plume” of Brussels, 37;
St. Luke at Antwerp, 37

Hadlow, 3

Hague, Royal Library, 330

Halle, Robert, 147

Hamburgh, 13

Ham House, Surrey, 304

Hansard, T. C., 109

Hanseatic League, 192

Hardwicke Hall, 205

Harrowe, John, 10, 148

Hasted on Kent, 2

Hastings, Lord, 24, 197, 229

Hawes, 209

Haywarde, a Scribe, 191

Health, The Governal of, printed by Caxton, 340

Hecht-Heinean Library, Halberstadt, 271

Hende, William, 19

Henricus, Rex, 353

Henry, Dr., 232

Henry II, 204

Henry IV, 18

Henry VI, 18, 36, 80

Henry VII, 80

Heton, Christopher, 10

Heton, Jas., 147

Higden’s, Ralph, Polycronicon, 249

History of Blanchardin and Eglantine, The, printed by Caxton, 342

History of Godfrey of Boloyne, The; or the Conquest of Jerusalem,
printed by Caxton, 252

Histoire du Chevalier Paris, et de la belle Vienne, 310

Holkham Library, 198

Holtrop’s Monumens Typographiques, Woodcut from, 76

Horæ, 242, 320, 331, 352

Horæ, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 191;
2nd Edition, 242;
3rd Edition, 321;
4th Edition, 332

Horham, Manor of, 9

Horse, Shepe, and Ghoos, printed by Caxton, 66, 205, 206

House of the English Nation, 22

Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 223

Illuminators, 95, 113, 134

Image of Pity, printed by Caxton, 322, 324

Indenture of Apprentice, 5

Infancia Salvatoris, printed by Caxton, 207

Initials, 42, 135

Ink for Printing, 95

Jackson on Wood Engraving, 137

James, John, Typefounder, 109

Jason, English Edition by Caxton, 187;
French Edition, 56, 60, 63, 172, 178

Jason, Derivation of Name, 15

Jean de Bruges, 36

Jersey, Earl of, 306

Jerusalem, Conquest of, or the History of Godfrey of Boloyne,
printed
by Caxton, 252

Joan of Arc, 195

John, Duke of Berry, 34

John II, King of France, 33

John Stubbes, 28

Jones, J. Winter, 182, 187, 215

“Justification”: a Printer’s term, 44

Karlemaine, 307

Katherine, Saint, the Life of, printed by Caxton, 365

Kendal, John, Letters of Indulgence issued by, printed by Caxton,
222, 223

Kentish Dialect, 2

Kynge Apolyn of Thyre, 70

King Edward VI Grammar School, St. Alban’s, 243

Knight of the Tower, the, Book to the ensaygnement and teaching of
his Daughters, printed by Caxton, 40, 81, 273

Knight Paris, the, and the Fair Vienne, printed by Caxton, 308

Könnecke, Dr. G., 271

Lambert, John, 150

Large, Alice, 11;
Elizabeth, 9, 11;
Jone, 161;
Johanna, 9-11;
Marries John Godnay, 11;
John, 5, 9, 148;
Richard, 9;
Robert, 147;
a Mercer, 8;
Sheriff and Lord Mayor, 8;
Warden, 9;
House in the Old Jewry, Account by Stow, 9;
Family, 9;
Death and Will, 9;
Widow, 10

Large, Robert, his Will, 153-158;
the younger, 5, 11;
Thomas, 9, 11

Latour-Landry, 274

Laurent, Frere, 324

Le Recueil des Histoires de Troye (_see_ Recueil), 25

Leeu Gerard, 188, 309

Lefevre, Raoul, 188

Legenda Aurea, 282

Legends, Bequest from Caxton, 162

Legh-Gerard, 188

Legh, Stephen, M.P., 140

Legh, W. J., Esq., 368

Legrand, Jacques, 316

Leper Houses, Bequest to, by Large, 10

Letter to Caxton from Mercers, 23

Letters of Indulgence from Johannes de Giglis, printed by Caxton,
254

Letters of Indulgence issued by John Kendal in 1481, printed by
Caxton, 222

Lettou, 94

Lewis, Rev. John, 91, 217

Life of Christ, 318

Life of Saint Katherine, The, 365

Life, The, and Miracles of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 369

Life, The, of the Holy Blessed Virgin, Saint Winifred, printed by
Caxton, 301

Life, The, of the Noble and Christian Prince, Charles the Great,
printed by Caxton, 306

Lilly, Mr., 339

Lincoln Cathedral, 285

Livre de Sapience, 326

Livre des bonnes Mœurs, le, 316

Livre des Vices et des Vertus, 323

Livre Royal, le, 323

Louis de Bruges, 35

Louis of Anjou, 34

Louvre Library, 33

Low Countries, 20

Lucidary, The, 370

Lydgate, John, 172, 206, 211, 262, 299, 341, 354

Lyf of our Lady, printed by Caxton, 299

Lyndewode’s Constitutiones, 370

Machlinia, 45, 339

Madden, Sir F., 223

Maittaire, 217

Mallet, Gilles, 33

Malory, Sir Thomas, 305

Manipulus Curatorum, 326

Mansion Colard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 49, 51, 54, 63, 67, 109,
179,
214, 253, 355

Mansion Colard, a Skilful Caligrapher, begins to Print, 68;
his Connection with Caxton, 54;
Dean of the Guild of St. John, 50;
Place of Residence and Workshop, 51;
Opinion by Bernard, 62;
Peculiarity of his Printing, 52-54;
the first Printer at Bruges, 49

Mansion, Paul and Robert, 51

Marchand, Guy, 355

Margaret (of Flanders), 34

Margaret, Queen, 284

Margaret’s, St., Westminster, Records, 4, 31, 77-79, 85, 163

Margarita Eloquentiæ, Fratris Laurentii Gulielmi de Saona, printed
by
Caxton, 218

Mariæ Virginis Servitium de Visitatione, printed by Caxton, 267

Marot, Jean, 337

Marshall, J., 151

Marten, Walter, 86

Marte Townes, Apprentices sent to the, 14

Martin, St. Otewich, 75

Maskell, Mr., 322, 332

Maydestone, Clement, 320

Maynyal, W., 140, 367

Medicina Stomachi, printed by Caxton, 340, 341

Meditacions sur les Sept Pseaulmes Penitenciaulx, printed by Caxton,
179

Mercer’s Company, 5, 8, 16, 28, 75, 76, 145

Merchant Adventurers, their Institution, Object, and Charters,
15-19,
21, 24

Metamorphoses of Ovid, 51

Meun, Jean le, 336

Middleton, Dr., 321

Mielot, Jean, 187, 232

Mirkus, John, 264

Mirrour of the World, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 226;
2nd Edition, 234

Missale ad Usum Sarum, printed for Caxton, 366

Montaiglon, M., 276

Moral Distichs, printed by Caxton, 199

Moral Proverbs, printed by Caxton, 194

Mores, Rowe, 109

Moule, Bib. Herald, 290

Mountfort, Symoni, 222

Moxon, Joseph, 105, 109

National Library, Paris, 355

Neche, Thomas, 10, 148

Nichols, J. G., 76

Noblesse, Declamation of, 230

North, Mr., 220

Nouns, Substantive, and Verbs, The proper application of certain,
printed by Caxton, 205, 206

Nugent, Dr., 321

Nyche, Thomas, 147

Obray, William, Governor of the English Merchants, 19, 21

Old Age, Tully of, 330

Oldys, 228

Onkmanton, Henry, 10, 148

Order of Chivalry, The, printed by Caxton, 289

Orford, Lord, 217

Orologium Sapientiæ, 351

Osborne, 208

Ottley, 128, 135

Ovid, Metamorphoses of, 90, 368

Oxford, Robert, Earl of, 208, 369

Palmer, Samuel, 109

Paper, its Value, 102;
its Watermarks, 98;
Large-Paper Copies, 97;
Paper Mill, 96;
the kind used by Caxton, 97

Paris, M., 172, 214

Parker, Archbishop, 105, 220

Pannartz, 84

Pannizzi Sir Anthony, 106

Pegge Dr., 3

Pembroke College, Cambridge, 273

Pepysian, 235, 342, 350, 368, 369

Perkin Warbeck, 223

Perrot, Thomas, 27

Peterborough, Earl of, 253

Petrus Carmelianus, Sex Epistolæ, printed by Caxton, 268

Petzholdt, Dr. Julius, 271

Philadelphia, Loganian Library, 285

Pica Sarum, seu Directorium, printed by Caxton, 241

Pica, type of printers, 240

Pilgrimage of the Soul, The, printed by Caxton, 259

Pins, Jean de, 310

Pisan, Christine de, 336

Poge, the Florentine, the Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287

Polycronicon, printed by Caxton, 65, 89, 256

Portraits of Caxton, 90

Pratt, William, 17, 75, 81, 316

Prayers, Death-bed, printed by Caxton, 285

Premierfait, Laurence de, 231

Preste, Simon, 24

Psalter, the First, 44

Psalterium, &c., printed by Caxton, 243

Purgatoire des mauvais Maris, 63

Pye, The, a Tenement, 75

Pye, a collection of rules, 240

Pykering, John, 151;
Successor to Caxton as Governor of the English Nation, 21;
summoned before the Court of the Mercers, and discharged from his
office, 21

Pynson, Richard, 94, 295

Quadrilogue, Le, by Colard Mansion, 67, 179

Quaternion, Meaning of, 132, 168

Quatre derrennieres Choses, 56, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 185, 330

Queen’s College, Oxford, 273

Quinternion, Meaning of, 168

Rawlett’s Library, Tamworth, 284

Recto, Meaning of, 168

Recueil, Le, des Histories de Troye, 25, 60, 63, 65, 68, 171

Recuyell, The, of the Histories of Troye, 26-28, 31, 41, 56-60, 63,
68, 104

Redeknape, Esmond, 17

Redeknape, W., 17, 19, 151

Red-Pale, The, 75, 80

Red Ink, Curious use of, by Caxton and Mansion, 185

Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, 341

Reglets, 123

Reinaert die Vos, die Historie Van, 230

Revelations of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, 365

Reynard the Fox, History of, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 229;
2nd Edition, 341

Rhodes, The Siege of, 223, 366

Richard III, 80, 198, 290

Richmond, Margaret, Countess of, 80

Ripon Minster, 215, 263

Ripoli Press, 102, 106

Ritson, 201;
Bib. Poet, 205

Rivers, Anthoine, Earl of, 24, 28, 80, 217;
translated the Dictes, 189

Robert, Monk of Shrewsbury, 302

Rock, Canon, D.D., 240

Roger, Monk of St. Werberg, 257

Roman Types, 43

Romans, Les, de la Table Ronde et les Contes des anciens Bretons,
305

Romuleon, written by Colard Mansion, 50

Rood of Oxford, 265

Rotherham, Bishop, 242

Roxburgh Club, 207, 210

Royal Book, the, or Book for a King, printed by Caxton, 322, 368

Roye, Guy de, 326

Rubrisher, The, 135

Rule of St. Benet, The, printed by Caxton, 350, 351, 355

Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 24, 197, 228;
his “Propositio,” printed by Caxton, 196

Ryolle, William, 86

Sacerdotum Directorium, printed by Caxton, 345

Salisbury Missal, 367

Salve Regina, printed by Caxton, 199

Saona, Fratris Laurentii Gulielmi de, Margarita Eloquentiæ, printed
by Caxton, 218, 220

Scala Cœli, 326

Scales, Lord, 24, 197

Scriptorium of Westminster Abbey, 74

Scrivers, 134

Scroope, Archbishop, 321

Selle, John, 16

Seven Points, The, of True Love and Everlasting Wisdom, or Orologium
Sapientiæ, printed by Caxton, 350

Sermons, Four, printed by Caxton, 265, 358

Sermons of Vitriaco, The, 326

Servitium de Transfiguratione Jhesu Christi, printed by Caxton, 330

Servitium de Visitatione B. Mariæ Virginis, printed by Caxton, 267,
331

Sex perelegantissimæ Epistolæ per Petrum Carmelianum Emendatæ,
printed by Caxton, 268

Shakspere, W., 172, 298

Shrewsbury, John Talbot, Earl of, 336

Siege of Rhodes, 220, 366

Signatures, 41, 42

Sixtus IV, Pope, 197, 220

Skogan, John, Envoy of Chaucer to, printed by Caxton, 211

Sloane, Sir Hans, 310

Sluis, The Port of, Bruges, 26

Smithfield, Jousts in, 12

Smith, John, 109

Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, 343

Somme de Roi, La; or, La Somme des Vices et des Vertus, 323

Sophologium, 316

Sotheby, S. Leigh, 102

Soushavie, or Souabe, Jehan, 351

Southey, Robert, 305

Spacing, 44

Speculum Historiale, 307

Speculum Vitæ Christi, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 316;
2nd Edition, 328

St. Alban’s, the Printer Schoolmaster of, 45, 219;
Grammar School, 215, 241, 242;
St. Alban’s Chronicle, 248

St. Benet’s Chapel, Westminster, 214

St. James of Compostella, 189

St. John’s College, Cambridge, 349

St. John’s College, Oxford, 225, 248, 347

St. John’s Hospital of Jerusalem, 174

St. John the Evangelist, Guild of, 37

St. Martin’s Otewich, 152

St. Olave, Old Jewry, 10

St. Omer, Proposed Convention at, 23

Stans Puer ad Mensam, printed by Caxton, 66, 199

Stanzas, various, printed by Caxton, 205

Star Chamber Decree, 105

Statutes of Henry VII, printed by Caxton, 339

Staunton, Thos., 147

Steel Yard, 22, 78, 192

Steevens, G., 172

Stomachi Medicina, printed by Caxton, 340

Stow, John G., 250

Stower, C., 109

Streete, Randolph, 10, 147, 148

Strete, Hundred of, 10

Stubbes, John, 31, 149

Styles, Old and New, in the Year, 56

Suso, Henry de, 351

Sutton, John, 19

Surigo, Stephen, 214

Surse, Pistoie, 232

Sweynheim and Pannartz, 43, 84

Tate, John, 103, 151

Temple of Brass, The, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 208;
2nd Edition, 211

Terms, Explanation of, 168

Ternion, Meaning of, 132, 168

Thomassy, Raimond, 195

Thorney, Roger, 253

Timperley, C. H., 109

Title Pages, 45

Tractatus de ymagine mundi, 228

Trade Marks of Printers, 76

Trades, List of, in the Guild of St. John the Evangelist, 37

Trading Guilds, 17

Treatise of Love, A, printed by Caxton, 258

Treatise on Hunting and Hawking, 338

Treaty of Trade, Commission for Renewal of, 22

Tree of Battailes, 337

Treveris, Peter, 94

Troilus and Creside by Shakspere, 172

Trojan War, 172

Troy, Siege of, 172

Trinity College, Cambridge, 347

Trinity College, Dublin, 222

Troylus and Creside, printed by Caxton, 297

Tully of Old Age; Tully of Friendship; The Declamation of Noblesse,
printed by Caxton, 230

Turnat, Richard, 10

Twelve Profits of Tribulation, The, printed by Caxton, 350

Tympans, 130

Typefounding, 104

Type, No. 1, Books printed in, described, 169-182

Type, No. 2, 64, 112

Type, No. 3, 114, 115

Type, No. 5, 118

Type, No. 6, 119

Types, 43, 104, 109

Upsala, University Library, 221

Utrecht, Old Records, 25

Vaghan, Thomas, 197

Valerius, Maximus, 50

Van Praet, M., 37, 50, 51, 179

Vegetius, De re militari, 336

Vellum used for Caxton’s books, 103

Vento, Jeronimo, 160

Vérard, Antoine, 338, 355

Verso, meaning of, 168

Vienna, Imperial Library 235, 253, 295

Vignay, Jehan de, 174, 283

Vignoles, Bernard de, 223

Vins d’honneur, 27

Vitæ Patrum, 85

Vocabulary in French and English, printed by Caxton, 262

Wagstaffe, Bishop, 321

Walbrook, Watercourse of, 10

Walpole, Horace, 196

Warde, John, 150

Warwick, Earl of, 23, 27, 80

Watermarks in Caxton’s books, 98

Watson, James, 109

Weald of Kent, 1

Westminster, 70;
Abbots of, 74;
Wool-staple at, 77

Whitehill, Sir Richard, 22

Whetyngton, Quit Rents, 152

Wideville, Richard, 161

Wilson, Joshua, Esq., 331

Winchester, Earl of, 35

Windsor, Royal Library, 289

Winifred, Life of Saint, printed by Caxton, 301

Wright, Thomas, Mr., 305

Wool-staple at Westminster, 77

Worde, Wynken de, 45, 75, 94;
His blunders, 64, 66;
Various ways he spelt his name, 66

Wyche, Hewe, 28, 31, 149

Wyche, Richard, burnt, 12

Year. Old and new style of reckoning in England and Flanders, 56

York, Cathedral Library, 207, 210

Zanetti, 102

Zel Ulric, 44, 62, 63

Transcriber’s Notes

• Italics represented with surrounding _underscores_.

• Small caps converted to ALL CAPS.

• Blackletter (old style printing) represented with surrounding
~tildes~.

• Superscripts not available in Unicode represented with a caret and
braces if more than one character: Rob^{t.}

• Subscripts not available in Unicode represented with an underscore
and braces: Rob_{t.}

• The superscripted signatures described on p. 168 are not
superscripted in this text version. So, for example, 4^{ns} is
presented as 4ns throughout.

• The initial character of every chapter is an ornate illustrated
letter. No attempt to represent these is made in the text or
electronic book versions but is reproduced fully in the HTML version.

• Obvious typographic errors silently corrected. No corrections made
to any representation of original texts.

• Variations in hyphenation and spelling kept as in the original.

• Illustrations moved close to the relevant content.

• Footnotes numbered consecutively and moved to the end of their
respective chapters.

• p. 47 - The word “edition” in the table has been shortened to “ed.”