Chapter LXXX: Section 3: , Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: 886 (2) 2162-2000, FAX (16)

Guinea
320 km

Guinea-Bissau
350 km

Guyana
459 km

Haiti
1,771 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
101.9 km

Holy See (Vatican City)
0 km (landlocked)

Honduras
820 km

Hong Kong
733 km

Howland Island
6.4 km

Hungary
0 km (landlocked)

Iceland
4,988 km

India
7,000 km

Indian Ocean
66,526 km

Indonesia
54,716 km

Iran
2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)

Iraq
58 km

Ireland
1,448 km

Israel
273 km

Italy
7,600 km

Jamaica
1,022 km

Jan Mayen
124.1 km

Japan
29,751 km

Jarvis Island
8 km

Jersey
70 km

Johnston Atoll
34 km

Jordan
26 km

Juan de Nova Island
24.1 km

Kazakhstan
0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral
Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian
Sea (1,894 km)

Kenya
536 km

Kingman Reef
3 km

Kiribati
1,143 km

Korea, North
2,495 km

Korea, South
2,413 km

Kuwait
499 km

Kyrgyzstan
0 km (landlocked)

Laos
0 km (landlocked)

Latvia
531 km

Lebanon
225 km

Lesotho
0 km (landlocked)

Liberia
579 km

Libya
1,770 km

Liechtenstein
0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania
99 km

Luxembourg
0 km (landlocked)

Macau
41 km

Macedonia
0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar
4,828 km

Malawi
0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia
4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607
km)

Maldives
644 km

Mali
0 km (landlocked)

Malta
196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Man, Isle of
160 km

Marshall Islands
370.4 km

Martinique
350 km

Mauritania
754 km

Mauritius
177 km

Mayotte
185.2 km

Mexico
9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of
6,112 km

Midway Islands
15 km

Moldova
0 km (landlocked)

Monaco
4.1 km

Mongolia
0 km (landlocked)

Montserrat
40 km

Morocco
1,835 km

Mozambique
2,470 km

Namibia
1,572 km

Nauru
30 km

Navassa Island
8 km

Nepal
0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands
451 km

Netherlands Antilles
364 km

New Caledonia
2,254 km

New Zealand
15,134 km

Nicaragua
910 km

Niger
0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria
853 km

Niue
64 km

Norfolk Island
32 km

Northern Mariana Islands
1,482 km

Norway
21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413
km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations
16,093 km)

Oman
2,092 km

Pacific Ocean
135,663 km

Pakistan
1,046 km

Palau
1,519 km

Palmyra Atoll
14.5 km

Panama
2,490 km

Papua New Guinea
5,152 km

Paracel Islands
518 km

Paraguay
0 km (landlocked)

Peru
2,414 km

Philippines
36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands
51 km

Poland
491 km

Portugal
1,793 km

Puerto Rico
501 km

Qatar
563 km

Reunion
207 km

Romania
225 km

Russia
37,653 km

Rwanda
0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena
60 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis
135 km

Saint Lucia
158 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
84 km

Samoa
403 km

San Marino
0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe
209 km

Saudi Arabia
2,640 km

Senegal
531 km

Serbia and Montenegro
199 km

Seychelles
491 km

Sierra Leone
402 km

Singapore
193 km

Slovakia
0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia
46.6 km

Solomon Islands
5,313 km

Somalia
3,025 km

South Africa
2,798 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
NA km

Southern Ocean
17,968 km

Spain
4,964 km

Spratly Islands
926 km

Sri Lanka
1,340 km

Sudan
853 km

Suriname
386 km

Svalbard
3,587 km

Swaziland
0 km (landlocked)

Sweden
3,218 km

Switzerland
0 km (landlocked)

Syria
193 km

Taiwan
1,566.3 km

Tajikistan
0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania
1,424 km

Thailand
3,219 km

Togo
56 km

Tokelau
101 km

Tonga
419 km

Trinidad and Tobago
362 km

Tromelin Island
3.7 km

Tunisia
1,148 km

Turkey
7,200 km

Turkmenistan
0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea
(1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands
389 km

Tuvalu
24 km

Uganda
0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine
2,782 km

United Arab Emirates
1,318 km

United Kingdom
12,429 km

United States
19,924 km

Uruguay
660 km

Uzbekistan
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the
southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu
2,528 km

Venezuela
2,800 km

Vietnam
3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands
188 km

Wake Island
19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna
129 km

West Bank
0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara
1,110 km

World
356,000 km
note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other
countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island,
British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde,
Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus,
Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe
Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic
Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard
Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Jamaica, Jan
Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova
Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Isle of
Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated
States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa
Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines,
Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,
Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen
1,906 km

Zambia
0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe
0 km (landlocked)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2061 Imports - partners (%)

Afghanistan
Pakistan 30.1%, South Korea 9.2%, Japan 7.6%, Germany
6.9%, Turkmenistan 5.4%, Kenya 4.6%, US 4.5%, Russia 4% (2003)

Albania
Italy 33.6%, Greece 20.2%, Turkey 6.6%, Germany 5.7% (2003)

Algeria
France 30.9%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 6.1%, Germany 5.5%, China
4.6%, Turkey 4.1% (2003)

American Samoa
Australia 33.3%, New Zealand 33.3%, Mauritius 9%,
Japan 5.1%, South Korea 5.1%, UK 5.1% (2003)

Andorra
Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)

Angola
Portugal 18.2%, South Africa 12.4%, US 12.2%, Netherlands
11.6%, France 6.5%, Brazil 6.1%, UK 4.2% (2003)

Anguilla
US, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)

Antigua and Barbuda
US 26.5%, Singapore 10%, Poland 7%, Germany
6.1%, UK 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.4% (2003)

Argentina
Brazil 34%, US 16.4%, Germany 5.6%, China 5.2% (2003)

Armenia
Belgium 11.6%, Russia 11.6%, Israel 11.3%, US 9.5%, Iran
8.8%, Germany 6.7%, UAE 5.4%, Italy 4.7%, Ukraine 4.6% (2003)

Aruba
US 55.3%, Netherlands 13%, Netherlands Antilles 3.1% (2003)

Australia
US 16%, Japan 12.5%, China 11%, Germany 6.1%, UK 4.2%
(2003)

Austria
Germany 43.2%, Italy 6.7%, Hungary 5.4%, Switzerland 5%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2003)

Azerbaijan
Russia 15.5%, Turkey 12%, UK 8.7%, Germany 8.1%, China
7.8%, Ukraine 5.4%, Italy 4.6%, US 4.6%, Kazakhstan 4.3% (2003)

Bahamas, The
US 20.8%, South Korea 17.4%, Italy 11.4%, France 9.1%,
Brazil 7.5%, Japan 5.6%, Venezuela 5.3% (2003)

Bahrain
Saudi Arabia 30.7%, US 11.4%, Japan 7.8%, UK 5.7%, Germany
5.4% (2003)

Bangladesh
India 15.4%, China 11.3%, Singapore 10.8%, Japan 5.9%,
Hong Kong 4.5% (2003)

Barbados
US 37.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 19.6%, UK 6.2%, Japan 4.4%
(2003)

Belarus
Russia 65.8%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 3.1% (2003)

Belgium
Germany 17.7%, Netherlands 16.5%, France 13.2%, UK 7.5%, US
5.9%, Ireland 5.7% (2003)

Belize
US 41.9%, Mexico 12.4%, UK 5.9%, Cuba 5.5% (2003)

Benin
China 29.5%, France 14.9%, UK 4.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.7%,
Thailand 4.6% (2003)

Bermuda
Kazakhstan 46.7%, France 32.5%, US 8.5% (2003)

Bhutan
Japan 36.6%, Austria 14.2%, Sweden 8.3%, China 7.5%, Thailand
6%, Bangladesh 6%, Germany 5.5%, Italy 4% (2003)

Bolivia
Brazil 25.2%, Argentina 22.3%, US 12%, Chile 9.3%, Peru 5.8%
(2003)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia 24.5%, Slovenia 14.7%, Germany 13.7%,
Italy 12.2%, Hungary 7.8%, Austria 6.7% (2003)

Botswana
Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%,
Zimbabwe 4% (2000)

Brazil
US 20%, Argentina 9.8%, Germany 8.7%, Japan 5.2%, China 4.4%
(2003)

British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US

Brunei
Singapore 19.9%, Malaysia 19.8%, US 11.4%, Japan 9.9%, Hong
Kong 6.5%, China 4.8%, Australia 4.3%, Thailand 4% (2003)

Bulgaria
Germany 14.4%, Russia 12.6%, Italy 10.3%, Greece 6.7%,
Turkey 6.2%, France 5.7% (2003)

Burkina Faso
France 31.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 14.6%, Togo 9%, Belgium 5%
(2003)

Burma
China 31.1%, Singapore 22.3%, Thailand 15.1%, South Korea
6.3%, Malaysia 4.8%, Japan 4.3% (2003)

Burundi
Kenya 14.6%, Tanzania 11.5%, Uganda 5.7%, France 5.1%,
Zambia 5.1%, China 4.5%, India 4.5%, Japan 4.5% (2003)

Cambodia
Thailand 26.4%, Hong Kong 14.4%, Singapore 11.8%, China
11.3%, Vietnam 8.3%, Taiwan 8%, South Korea 4.1% (2003)

Cameroon
France 21.9%, Nigeria 9.5%, Japan 6.8%, US 5.7%, China
4.9%, Germany 4.3% (2003)

Canada
US 60.6%, China 5.6%, Japan 4.1% (2003)

Cape Verde
Portugal 46.7%, Netherlands 9.1%, Belgium 3.8% (2003)

Cayman Islands
US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,
Japan

Central African Republic
France 27%, Cameroon 9.2%, US 5.3% (2003)

Chad
France 28.6%, US 20.7%, Cameroon 14.6%, Netherlands 4.7% (2003)

Chile
Argentina 19.4%, US 13%, Brazil 10.4%, China 6.6% (2003)

China
Japan 18%, Taiwan 11.9%, South Korea 10.4%, US 8.2%, Germany
5.9% (2003)

Christmas Island
principally Australia

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australia

Colombia
US 29.6%, Brazil 5.5%, Mexico 5.4%, Venezuela 5.2%, China
5%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2003)

Comoros
France 31.6%, Japan 13.7%, South Africa 10.3%, Kenya 5.1%,
UAE 5.1%, Thailand 4.3% (2003)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
South Africa 17%, Belgium 14.9%,
France 12.6%, Germany 6.8%, Kenya 5.4%, Netherlands 4% (2003)

Congo, Republic of the
France 22.2%, US 6.8%, Italy 6.2%, China
5.1%, Belgium 4.6%, India 4.4% (2003)

Cook Islands
New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan
2% (2000)

Costa Rica
US 23.2%, Mexico 4.7%, Venezuela 3.2% (2003)

Cote d'Ivoire
France 32.7%, Nigeria 14.4%, UK 7% (2003)

Croatia
Italy 17.9%, Germany 15.7%, Slovenia 7.4%, Austria 6.6%,
France 5.3%, Russia 4.7% (2003)

Cuba
Spain 16.6%, Venezuela 12.5%, Italy 8.6%, US 8.5%, China 7.7%,
Canada 5.4%, Mexico 5.3%, France 4.9% (2003)

Cyprus
Greece 11.9%, Italy 9.8%, UK 8.3%, Germany 7.5%, Japan 5.6%,
France 5.1%, China 4.9%, US 4.2%, Spain 4% (2003)

Czech Republic
Germany 32.6%, Italy 5.3%, China 5.2%, Slovakia 5.2%,
France 4.9%, Russia 4.6%, Austria 4.3%, Poland 4.2% (2003)

Denmark
Germany 23.1%, Sweden 13%, UK 7%, Netherlands 6.9%, France
4.9%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1% (2003)

Djibouti
Saudi Arabia 19.7%, Ethiopia 10.9%, China 9.2%, France
6.5%, UK 5.1%, US 4.9% (2003)

Dominica
US 18.5%, China 18%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.6%, Japan 6.3%,
South Korea 5.4%, UK 5.4% (2003)

Dominican Republic
US 52.1%, Venezuela 11.9%, Mexico 4.7%, Colombia
4.2% (2003)

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
US 23.9%, Colombia 12.8%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil 6.1%, Chile
4.8%, Japan 4.2% (2003)

Egypt
US 13.6%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 7%, France 6.6%, China 4.8%,
Saudi Arabia 4.3% (2003)

El Salvador
US 50%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 5.5% (2003)

Equatorial Guinea
US 30.6%, UK 16%, France 15.1%, Cote d'Ivoire
11.9%, Spain 8.1%, Norway 5.9%, Italy 5.3% (2003)

Eritrea
US 39.7%, Italy 19.1%, Turkey 6.8%, Russia 5.4%, France 4.7%
(2003)

Estonia
Finland 15.9%, Germany 11.1%, Russia 10.2%, Sweden 7.7%,
Ukraine 4.3%, China 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2003)

Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia 24.1%, US 17%, China 6.4%, Italy 4.1% (2003)

European Union
NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
UK 62%, Spain 30.4%, Italy 2.5%
(2003)

Faroe Islands
Denmark 52.7%, Norway 22.5%, Iceland 4.7%, Germany
4.2%, UK 4% (2003)

Fiji
Australia 35.1%, Singapore 19.2%, New Zealand 17.2%, Japan 4.9%
(2003)

Finland
Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 11.7%, Netherlands 6.3%,
Denmark 5.7%, UK 5.3%, France 4.3% (2003)

France
Germany 19.1%, Belgium 9.4%, Italy 9%, Spain 7.4%,
Netherlands 7%, UK 7%, US 5.4% (2003)

French Guiana
France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)

French Polynesia
France 59.9%, Australia 11.9%, New Zealand 6%, US
6% (2003)

Gabon
France 49.9%, US 5.3%, UK 4.6% (2003)

Gambia, The
China 24.9%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 6.8%, UK 6.6%, US
5.6%, Netherlands 5%, India 4.9% (2003)

Gaza Strip
Israel, Egypt, West Bank

Georgia
Russia 14%, UK 12.9%, Turkey 9.9%, Azerbaijan 8.3%, US 8%,
Germany 7.3%, Ukraine 7%, France 4.9% (2003)

Germany
France 9.2%, Netherlands 8.4%, US 7.3%, Italy 6.3%, UK 6%,
Belgium 4.9%, China 4.7%, Austria 4% (2003)

Ghana
Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%,
France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003)

Gibraltar
Spain 26.5%, UK 14.8%, Russia 8.2%, Italy 6.6%,
Netherlands 6.5%, France 5.3%, Germany 4.6%, Romania 4.2% (2003)

Greece
Germany 12.5%, Italy 12.2%, France 6.6%, Russia 6.1%, South
Korea 5.4%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 5.2%, Japan 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2003)

Greenland
Denmark 82.6%, Norway 7.5%, Sweden 3.5% (2003)

Grenada
US 30%, Trinidad and Tobago 26.8%, UK 5.2%, Japan 4.4% (2003)

Guadeloupe
France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands
Antilles 2% (1999)

Guam
Singapore 35.8%, Japan 22.2%, South Korea 17.5%, Hong Kong
11.4% (2003)

Guatemala
US 34.1%, Mexico 8.8%, South Korea 7.8%, El Salvador 6.4%,
China 4.6% (2003)

Guernsey
UK (regarded as internal trade)

Guinea
France 16.8%, China 9.3%, Belgium 7.1%, Italy 6.6%,
Netherlands 5.4%, UK 5.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.8%, US 4.5% (2003)

Guinea-Bissau
Senegal 18.1%, India 14.6%, Portugal 14.6%, China
9.7%, Italy 9%, Spain 4.9% (2003)

Guyana
US 22.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 19.2%, Italy 11.2%, UK 7.2%,
Cuba 5.2% (2003)

Haiti
US 53.5%, Dominican Republic 5.9%, Colombia 2.9% (2003)

Honduras
US 53.1%, El Salvador 4.5%, Mexico 3% (2003)

Hong Kong
China 43.5%, Japan 11.9%, Taiwan 6.9%, US 5.5%, Singapore
5%, South Korea 4.8% (2003)

Hungary
Germany 24.5%, Italy 7.1%, China 6.9%, Austria 6.3%, Russia
6.2%, France 4.8%, Japan 4.2% (2003)

Iceland
Germany 11.8%, Denmark 8%, US 7.5%, UK 7.5%, Norway 7%,
Sweden 6.5%, Netherlands 6.2%, Italy 4.7% (2003)

India
US 6.4%, Belgium 5.6%, UK 4.8%, China 4.3%, Singapore 4% (2003)

Indonesia
Japan 13%, Singapore 12.8%, China 9.1%, US 8.3%, Thailand
5.2%, Australia 5.1%, South Korea 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6% (2003)

Iran
Germany 11%, France 8.6%, China 8.4%, Italy 8.1%, UAE 7.9%,
South Korea 6.5%, Russia 4.8%, Japan 4.1% (2003)

Iraq
Turkey 18.1%, Jordan 13.4%, Vietnam 10.7%, US 6.9%, Germany 5%,
UK 4.7% (2003)

Ireland
UK 34.9%, US 15.8%, Germany 7.9%, Netherlands 4.1% (2003)

Israel
US 15.6%, Belgium 9.3%, Germany 8%, UK 6.7%, Switzerland
6.1%, Italy 4.1% (2003)

Italy
Germany 17.9%, France 11.2%, Netherlands 5.8%, Spain 4.8%, UK
4.7%, Belgium 4.3%, US 4% (2003)

Jamaica
US 39.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 9.7%, Germany 5.6%, Venezuela
4.5%, France 4.5%, Japan 4.2% (2003)

Japan
China 19.7%, US 15.6%, South Korea 4.7%, Indonesia 4.3% (2003)

Jersey
UK

Jordan
Saudi Arabia 11.3%, China 7.9%, Germany 7.9%, US 6.8%, Iraq
6.5% (2003)

Kazakhstan
Russia 39%, Germany 8.7%, China 6.2%, US 5.6% (2003)

Kenya
UAE 13.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.6%, South Africa 8.6%, UK 7.4%,
China 6.3%, US 5.1%, India 5.1%, Japan 4.9%, Germany 4.2% (2003)

Kiribati
Australia 41.7%, Fiji 26.7%, New Zealand 8.9%, Japan 5.9%,
US 4% (2003)

Korea, North
China 39.7%, Thailand 14.6%, Japan 11.2%, Germany 7.6%,
South Korea 6.2% (2002)

Korea, South
Japan 20.3%, US 13.9%, China 12.3%, Saudi Arabia 5.2%
(2003)

Kuwait
US 14.7%, Japan 10.3%, Germany 9.6%, China 6.6%, UK 6.1%,
Saudi Arabia 5.5%, Italy 5%, France 4.2% (2003)

Kyrgyzstan
Russia 24.7%, Kazakhstan 24%, China 10.3%, US 6.7%,
Uzbekistan 5.5%, Germany 5.3% (2003)

Laos
Thailand 59.4%, China 12.8%, Vietnam 10.2% (2003)

Latvia
Germany 16.1%, Lithuania 9.7%, Russia 8.7%, Finland 7.4%,
Estonia 6.4%, Sweden 6.3%, Poland 5.1%, Italy 4.4% (2003)

Lebanon
France 13.4%, Germany 11.7%, Italy 10.7%, Syria 5.3%, China
5.2%, UK 4.9%, US 4.5% (2003)

Lesotho
Hong Kong 36.6%, Taiwan 36.2%, China 12%, Germany 9.9% (2003)

Liberia
South Korea 39.2%, Japan 16.2%, Singapore 12.4%, Germany
9.9%, Spain 4.1% (2003)

Libya
Italy 27.8%, Germany 10.5%, Tunisia 7.6%, UK 7.1%, France 6%,
Turkey 4.6% (2003)

Liechtenstein
EU, Switzerland

Lithuania
Russia 22%, Germany 16.1%, Poland 5.2%, Italy 4.3%, France
4.2% (2003)

Luxembourg
Belgium 29%, Germany 22.9%, France 11.4%, China 10.9%,
Netherlands 4.8% (2003)

Macau
China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)

Macedonia
Greece 17.3%, Germany 12.6%, Serbia and Montenegro 9.2%,
Slovenia 7.9%, Bulgaria 7.4%, Italy 6.2%, Turkey 6% (2003)

Madagascar
China 14.2%, France 13.2%, South Africa 6.4%, Iran 6.2%
(2003)

Malawi
South Africa 53.7%, India 4.9%, Tanzania 3.9% (2003)

Malaysia
Japan 17.3%, US 15.5%, Singapore 11.9%, China 8.8%, South
Korea 5.5%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.6% (2003)

Maldives
Singapore 24.8%, Sri Lanka 13.8%, India 10.2%, Malaysia
7.6%, UAE 7.6%, Thailand 5.1% (2003)

Mali
France 15.4%, Senegal 7.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.1% (2003)

Malta
Italy 19.3%, France 13.7%, UK 8.5%, Germany 6.6%, Singapore
6.1%, Japan 5.7%, South Korea 5.5%, US 4.1% (2003)

Man, Isle of
UK (2000)

Marshall Islands
US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China,
Philippines (2000)

Martinique
France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%
(2000)

Mauritania
France 16.8%, Spain 7.7%, China 6.3%, Belgium 5.1%,
Germany 4.9%, Japan 4.3%, UK 4.1%, US 4% (2003)

Mauritius
South Africa 12.1%, France 12%, China 8.4%, India 8.2%
(2003)

Mayotte
France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)

Mexico
US 61.8%, China 5.5%, Japan 4.5% (2003)

Micronesia, Federated States of
US, Australia, Japan (2000)

Moldova
Ukraine 22%, Russia 13%, Germany 9.7%, Italy 8.3%, Romania
7% (2003)

Mongolia
Russia 33.1%, China 21.5%, South Korea 8.5%, Japan 7.9%,
Germany 4.7% (2003)

Montserrat
US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada

Morocco
France 20.6%, Spain 12.4%, Italy 7.1%, Germany 5.2%, Saudi
Arabia 5%, Russia 4.9%, US 4.1% (2003)

Mozambique
South Africa 26.3%, Australia 9.2%, US 3.9% (2003)

Namibia
US 50%, EU 31% (2001)

Nauru
Australia 67.9%, Indonesia 10.7%, US 7.1% (2003)

Nepal
India 22.9%, China 13.4%, UAE 12.5%, Singapore 7.1%, Saudi
Arabia 5.5%, Kuwait 4.6% (2003)

Netherlands
Germany 18.2%, Belgium 10%, US 8%, UK 7.3%, China 6.2%,
France 5% (2003)

Netherlands Antilles
Venezuela 64.8%, US 13.6%, Netherlands 7.8%
(2003)

New Caledonia
France 46.1%, Australia 9.5%, Singapore 9.3%, New
Zealand 4.3% (2003)

New Zealand
Australia 22.2%, US 11.8%, Japan 11.8%, China 9%,
Germany 5.3% (2003)

Nicaragua
US 24.9%, Venezuela 9.7%, Costa Rica 9%, Mexico 8.4%,
Guatemala 7.3%, El Salvador 4.9%, Japan 4.3% (2003)

Niger
France 16.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 13.8%, China 10.5%, Nigeria 7.7%,
US 5.5%, Japan 4.9% (2003)

Nigeria
US 15.6%, UK 9.6%, Germany 7.3%, China 7.2%, Italy 4.3%
(2003)

Niue
New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)

Norfolk Island
Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,
Europe

Northern Mariana Islands
US, Japan (2000)

Norway
Sweden 16.1%, Germany 13.3%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%, US 5.2%,
Netherlands 4.5%, China 4.4%, France 4.3%, Italy 4% (2003)

Oman
UAE 21.6%, Japan 17.1%, US 6.2%, UK 5.6%, Germany 4.4%, India
4.4% (2003)

Pakistan
UAE 11.2%, Saudi Arabia 10.9%, China 7.3%, Japan 6.6%,
Kuwait 6.4%, US 6%, Malaysia 4.6%, Germany 4.4%, Singapore 4% (2003)

Palau
US, Guam, Japan, Singapore, Korea (2000)

Panama
Japan 33.2%, US 11.4%, China 9.1%, South Korea 7.7%,
Singapore 7.1% (2003)

Papua New Guinea
Australia 44.6%, Singapore 20.6%, New Zealand 7.7%,
China 5% (2003)

Paraguay
Brazil 32.5%, Argentina 21.6%, China 12.7% (2003)

Peru
US 28.6%, Spain 10%, Chile 7.5%, Brazil 5.1%, Colombia 4.5%
(2003)

Philippines
Japan 20.4%, US 19.8%, Singapore 6.8%, South Korea 6.4%,
Taiwan 5%, China 4.8%, Hong Kong 4.3% (2003)

Pitcairn Islands
NA (2000)

Poland
Germany 24.4%, Italy 8.5%, Russia 7.7%, France 7.1%, China
4.3% (2003)

Portugal
Spain 29.1%, Germany 14.7%, France 9.9%, Italy 6.4%, UK
4.9%, Netherlands 4.6% (2003)

Puerto Rico
US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)

Qatar
US 12.2%, Japan 10.5%, Germany 9.6%, UK 8%, Italy 7.4%, UAE
6.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.9%, South Korea 5% (2003)

Reunion
France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)

Romania
Italy 19.6%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 8.3%, France 7.3% (2003)

Russia
Germany 14%, Belarus 8.6%, Ukraine 7.7%, China 5.8%, US 5.2%,
Kazakhstan 4.7%, Italy 4.2%, France 4.1% (2003)

Rwanda
Kenya 23.3%, Germany 7.5%, Belgium 6.4%, Uganda 6.4%, France
5% (2003)

Saint Helena
UK 29.1%, South Africa 24.7%, Spain 16.4%, Italy 8.8%,
Tanzania 8.2%, US 5.8% (2003)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
US 35.7%, Italy 16.1%, Trinidad and Tobago
14.5%, UK 6.4%, Denmark 5.2%, Canada 4.4% (2003)

Saint Lucia
US 36.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 19.6%, UK 7.4%, Venezuela
6.8% (2003)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
France 51%, Canada 31.4%, Italy 11.8%
(2003)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
France 31.4%, US 10.4%, Singapore
10.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, Spain 9%, Italy 5.5% (2003)

Samoa
New Zealand 19.8%, Fiji 17.8%, Australia 15.4%, Japan 11.9%,
US 4.7%, Singapore 4.3% (2003)

Sao Tome and Principe
Portugal 51.6%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.5%,
Belgium 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)

Saudi Arabia
US 9.4%, Japan 7.7%, Germany 7.3%, UK 6.2%, China 4.4%,
France 4.1% (2003)

Senegal
France 24.9%, Nigeria 12.2%, Thailand 6.7%, Spain 4.3% (2003)

Serbia and Montenegro
Germany 18.8%, Italy 16.3%, Austria 8.1%,
Slovenia 6.6%, Hungary 5.8%, France 4.8%, Bulgaria 4.6%, Greece 4.4%
(2003)

Seychelles
Saudi Arabia 15.7%, South Africa 10.9%, Spain 10.4%,
France 9.7%, Italy 9.2%, Singapore 7%, UK 6.8% (2003)

Sierra Leone
Germany 23.7%, UK 9.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.4%, France
7.4%, US 5.3%, Netherlands 5.1%, Ukraine 4.6% (2003)

Singapore
Malaysia 16.8%, US 14.1%, Japan 12%, China 8.7%, Taiwan
5.1%, Thailand 4.3% (2003)

Slovakia
Germany 27.5%, Czech Republic 18.3%, Russia 10.8%, Austria
6.4%, Italy 5.6%, Poland 4.1%, Hungary 4% (2003)

Slovenia
Germany 19.3%, Italy 18.3%, France 10%, Austria 8.6% (2003)

Solomon Islands
Australia 29.7%, Singapore 21.9%, Fiji 4.7%, New
Zealand 4.7% (2003)

Somalia
Djibouti 33.9%, Kenya 15.5%, Brazil 6.6%, UAE 5.1%, Thailand
4.2% (2003)

South Africa
Germany 16.6%, UK 8.5%, US 8.2%, Japan 5.9%, China
5.9%, Saudi Arabia 5.2%, France 5% (2003)

Spain
France 16.8%, Germany 16.6%, Italy 8.8%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands
4.9% (2003)

Sri Lanka
India 16.1%, Hong Kong 8.4%, Singapore 7.8%, Japan 6.7%,
China 4.9%, South Korea 4.2%, Taiwan 4.2%, UK 4.1%, Malaysia 4%
(2003)

Sudan
Saudi Arabia 16.3%, China 14.2%, UK 5%, Germany 4.9%, India
4.8%, France 4.1% (2003)

Suriname
US 31.5%, Netherlands 18.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.5%,
China 6.8%, Japan 6.4% (2003)

Swaziland
South Africa 88.8%, EU 5.6%, Japan 0.6%, Singapore 0.4%
(1999)

Sweden
Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9%, UK 8%, Norway 8%, Netherlands
6.8%, Finland 5.6%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4.2% (2003)

Switzerland
Germany 32.3%, France 10.8%, Italy 10.7%, US 5.5%,
Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2003)

Syria
Germany 7.2%, Italy 7.1%, China 6.3%, France 5.9%, Turkey 5.4%
(2003)

Taiwan
Japan 24.2%, US 16.1%, China 7.1%, South Korea 6.9% (2002)

Tajikistan
Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 15.1%, Kazakhstan 10.9%,
Azerbaijan 7%, Ukraine 7%, Romania 4.4% (2003)

Tanzania
South Africa 10.1%, China 9.3%, Zambia 6.4%, India 5.8%,
UAE 5.4%, Kenya 5.1%, UK 4.5%, Germany 4% (2003)

Thailand
Japan 24.1%, US 9.5%, China 8%, Malaysia 6%, Singapore
4.3%, Taiwan 4.2% (2003)

Togo
France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany
4.6%, Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003)

Tokelau
New Zealand (2000)

Tonga
New Zealand 43.4%, Fiji 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, US 6.1% (2003)

Trinidad and Tobago
US 31.7%, Venezuela 13.6%, Brazil 7.3%, Germany
6.6%, UK 5.1%, Japan 4.3% (2003)

Tunisia
France 26.1%, Italy 19.8%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5.2% (2003)

Turkey
Germany 13.6%, Italy 7.9%, Russia 7.8%, France 6%, UK 5%, US
5%, Switzerland 4.3% (2003)

Turkmenistan
Russia 21.5%, Ukraine 15.3%, Turkey 9.4%, UAE 7.6%,
Germany 4.2%, China 4.2% (2003)

Turks and Caicos Islands
US, UK

Tuvalu
Fiji 47.3%, Australia 13.9%, Poland 10.8%, Germany 10.2%,
Japan 8%, New Zealand 6.2% (2003)

Uganda
Kenya 26%, India 7.4%, South Africa 7.2%, Japan 6.6%, UK
6.3%, UAE 5.8%, US 5.7%, China 5.1% (2003)

Ukraine
Russia 35.9%, Germany 9.4%, Turkmenistan 7.2% (2003)

United Arab Emirates
China 10%, Japan 7.2%, Germany 7.2%, US 7%,
France 6.9%, UK 5.9%, Italy 4.4%, South Korea 4.4%, India 4.1% (2003)

United Kingdom
Germany 13.5%, US 10.2%, France 8.1%, Netherlands
6.3%, Belgium 4.9%, Italy 4.7% (2003)

United States
Canada 17.4%, China 12.5%, Mexico 10.7%, Japan 9.3%,
Germany 5.3% (2003)

Uruguay
Argentina 26.1%, Brazil 21%, Russia 11.7%, US 7.6% (2003)

Uzbekistan
Russia 22.3%, US 11.4%, South Korea 11%, Germany 9.5%,
China 6.5%, Kazakhstan 6.1%, Turkey 6.1% (2003)

Vanuatu
Australia 15.3%, Japan 10.6%, Singapore 7.4%, New Zealand
6%, Fiji 5.1% (2003)

Venezuela
US 28.8%, Colombia 7%, Brazil 6.6%, Mexico 4.3% (2003)

Vietnam
China 13.7%, Taiwan 11.4%, Japan 11.3%, South Korea 11%,
Singapore 10.4%, US 5.7%, Thailand 5.4%, Hong Kong 4.2% (2003)

Virgin Islands
US, Puerto Rico

Wallis and Futuna
France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%

West Bank
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)

Western Sahara
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2000)

World
US 9.9%, Germany 9.4%, China 7.9%, Japan 6.7%, France 4.7%
(2003)

Yemen
UAE 12.9%, Saudi Arabia 10.2%, China 8.9%, US 4.9%, Kuwait
4.4%, France 4.1% (2003)

Zambia
South Africa 48.3%, Zimbabwe 12.8%, UK 5.9%, UAE 4.3% (2003)

Zimbabwe
South Africa 51.3%, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.1%,
Germany 2.8% (2003)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2062 Economic aid - donor

Australia
ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)

Austria
ODA, $520 million (2002)

Belgium
ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)

Canada
ODA, $1.3 billion (1999)

Denmark
ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)

European Union
$NA

Finland
ODA, $379 million (2001)

France
ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)

Germany
ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Iceland
NA

Ireland
ODA, $283 million (2001)

Italy
ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

Japan
ODA, $7 billion (FY03/04)

Korea, South
ODA $200 million

Lesotho
ODA $4.4 million

Luxembourg
ODA, $147 million (2002)

Netherlands
ODA, $3.3 billion (2002 est.)

New Zealand
ODA, $99.7 million

Norway
ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)

Portugal
ODA, $271 million (1995)

Saudi Arabia
pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of
Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for
assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development
in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft
loans to Iraq

Spain
ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)

Sweden
ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

Switzerland
ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)

United Arab Emirates
NA

United Kingdom
ODA, $4.5 billion (2000)

United States
ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2063 Constitution

Afghanistan
new constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January
2004; signed 16 January 2004

Albania
a constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28
November 1998

Algeria
19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3
November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

American Samoa
ratified 1966, in effect 1967

Andorra
Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991;
approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993

Angola
11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6
March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet
been approved

Anguilla
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981

Argentina
1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Armenia
adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995

Aruba
1 January 1986

Australia
9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

Austria
1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

Azerbaijan
adopted 12 November 1995

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973

Bahrain
adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14
February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised
constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a
constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)

Bangladesh
4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended
many times

Barbados
30 November 1966

Belarus
30 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits

Belgium
7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament
approved a constitutional package creating a federal state

Belize
21 September 1981

Benin
December 1990

Bermuda
8 June 1968, amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan
no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the
King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November
2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers

Bolivia
2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December
1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the
entities also has its own constitution

Botswana
March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil
5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands
1 June 1977

Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)

Bulgaria
adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso
2 June 1991 approved by referendum; 11 June 1991
formally adopted; ammended April 2000

Burma
3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national
convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but
collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include
participation of democratic opposition

Burundi
13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural
political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional
constitution approved by the parliament, which extended the
transition, set ethnic quotas for government positions, and
tentatively scheduled elections for February-April 2005

Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon
20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally
adopted; revised January 1996

Canada
17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery
of the government was set up in the British North America Act of
1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs

Cape Verde
new constitution came into force 25 September 1992;
underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially
increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in
1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de
Justica)

Cayman Islands
1959, revised 1972 and 1992

Central African Republic
passed by referendum 5 December 2004

Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996

Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July
1989, 1993, and 1997

China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955

Colombia
5 July 1991

Comoros
23 December 2001
note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on
20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the
GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
a new constitution was adopted 17
July 2003

Congo, Republic of the
constitution approved by referendum 20
January 2002

Cook Islands
4 August 1965

Costa Rica
7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire
a new constitution was adopted 4 August 2000

Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba
24 February 1976, amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus
16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no
longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the
basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to
better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in
1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985

Czech Republic
ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993

Denmark
5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major
overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a
female chief of state

Djibouti
multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September
1992

Dominica
3 November 1978

Dominican Republic
28 November 1966, amended 25 July 2002

East Timor
22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Ecuador
10 August 1998

Egypt
11 September 1971

El Salvador
23 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995

Eritrea
the transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was
replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet
implemented

Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia
ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995

European Union
based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,
which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;
the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community
(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;
the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastrict) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty
of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on
29 October 2004 in Rome, gives member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it is scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3 October 1985; amended 1997 and
1998

Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji
promulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 to
allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make
multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998;
note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended
constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed -
for the first time at the national level

Finland
1 March 2000

France
28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president
in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht
Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to
tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the
seven-year presidential term to a five-year term

French Guiana
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

French Polynesia
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The
24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January
1997

Georgia
adopted 17 October 1995

Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united German people 3 October 1990

Ghana
approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar
30 May 1969

Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada
19 December 1973

Guadeloupe
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Guam
Organic Act of 1 August 1950

Guatemala
31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended
25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993
following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernsey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea
23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau
16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26
February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996

Guyana
6 October 1980

Haiti
approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles
reinstated March 1989; in October 1991 government claimed to be
observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in
October 1994

Holy See (Vatican City)
new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John
Paul II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces
the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras
11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Hong Kong
Basic Law approved in March 1990 by China's National
People's Congress is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April
1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals
and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and
also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997
amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland
16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944

India
26 January 1950

Indonesia
August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959

Iran
2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the
presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraq
interim constitution signed 8 March 2004; note - the
Transitional Administrative Law (TAL) was enacted 8 March 2004 to
govern the country until an elected Iraqi Transitional Government
can draft and ratify a new constitution in 2005

Ireland
29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite

Israel
no formal constitution; some of the functions of a
constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),
the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli
citizenship law

Italy
passed 11 December 1947; effective 1 January 1948; amended
many times

Jamaica
6 August 1962

Japan
3 May 1947

Jersey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan
8 January 1952

Kazakhstan
adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first
post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993

Kenya
12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with
amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001

Kiribati
12 July 1979

Korea, North
adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972,
revised again in April 1992 and September 1998

Korea, South
17 July 1948

Kuwait
approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan
adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by
President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February
2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the
expense of the legislature

Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia
15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental
Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had
supplemented the constitution

Lebanon
23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently
Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of
October 1989

Lesotho
2 April 1993

Liberia
6 January 1986

Libya
11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977

Liechtenstein
5 October 1921

Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg
17 October 1868, occasional revisions

Macau
Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's
Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Assembly approved a series
of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights

Madagascar
19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi
18 May 1994

Malaysia
31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963

Maldives
adopted January 1998

Mali
adopted 12 January 1992

Malta
1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974
and again in 1987

Man, Isle of
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act,
1961, does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Marshall Islands
1 May 1979

Martinique
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mauritania
12 July 1991

Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico
5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979

Moldova
new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet
constitution of 1979

Monaco
17 December 1962

Mongolia
12 February 1992

Montserrat
present constitution came into force 19 December 1989

Morocco
10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create
bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique
30 November 1990

Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990

Nauru
29 January 1968

Nepal
9 November 1990

Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002

Netherlands Antilles
29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the
Netherlands, as amended

New Caledonia
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand
consists of a series of legal documents, including
certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The
Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter

Nicaragua
9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995 and 2000

Niger
a new constitution was adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria
new constitution adopted May 1999

Niue
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island Act of 1979

Northern Mariana Islands
Covenant Agreement effective 4 November
1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978

Norway
17 May 1814, modified in 1884

Oman
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a
constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal
succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from
holding interests in companies doing business with the government,
establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil
liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan
10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored 31
December 2002

Palau
1 January 1981

Panama
11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and
2004

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975

Paraguay
promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru
31 December 1993

Philippines
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands
1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in
1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964

Poland
adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by
national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997

Portugal
25 April 1976; revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5
November 1992, 3 September 1997, 12 December 2001, and 24 July 2004

Puerto Rico
ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July
1952; effective 25 July 1952

Qatar
provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999
Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent
constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari
voters approved the new constitution; on 8 June 2004 the new
constitution came into force

Reunion
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Romania
8 December 1991; revision came into force 29 October 2003

Russia
adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda
a new constitution was adopted 26 May 2003

Saint Helena
1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979

Samoa
1 January 1962

San Marino
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe
approved March 1990; effective 10 September
1990

Saudi Arabia
governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic
Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities
was introduced in 1993

Senegal
a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia and Montenegro
4 February 2003

Seychelles
18 June 1993

Sierra Leone
1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times

Singapore
3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State
of Singapore Constitution)

Slovakia
ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993;
changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;
amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU
membership

Slovenia
adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978

Somalia
25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the Transitional National Government formed in August 2000 had
a three-year mandate to create a new constitution and hold
elections, this goal was not achieved but the process is ongoing

South Africa
10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified
by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then
President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3
February 1997; it is being implemented in phases

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
adopted 3 October 1985

Spain
6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978

Sudan
12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;
interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of
30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially
suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR

Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987

Swaziland
a constitution was adopted 14 November 2003

Sweden
1 January 1975

Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998; adopted by referendum 18 April 1999;
officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria
13 March 1973

Taiwan
25 December 1946, amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, and 2000

Tajikistan
6 November 1994

Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand
new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997

Togo
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as
amended in 1970

Tonga
4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976

Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988

Turkey
7 November 1982

Turkmenistan
adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands
introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in
1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988

Tuvalu
1 October 1978

Uganda
8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member
Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution
that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was
dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995

Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)

United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice

United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay
27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June
1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two
constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7
January 1997

Uzbekistan
new constitution adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu
30 July 1980

Venezuela
30 December 1999

Vietnam
15 April 1992

Virgin Islands
Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen
16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia
24 August 1991

Zimbabwe
21 December 1979

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2064 Economic aid - recipient

Afghanistan
international pledges made by more than 60 countries and
international financial institutions at the Tokyo Donors Conference
for Afghan reconstruction in January 2002 reached $4.5 billion
through 2006, with $1.8 billion allocated for 2002; another $1.7
billion was pledged for 2003.

Albania
ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000
est.)

Algeria
$182 million (2001 est.)

American Samoa
important financial support from the US, more than
$40 million in 1994

Andorra
none

Angola
$383.5 million (1999)

Anguilla
$3.5 million (1995)

Antigua and Barbuda
$2.3 million (1995)

Argentina
$10 billion (2001 est.)

Armenia
ODA $170 million (2000)

Aruba
$26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127
million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996

Azerbaijan
ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)

Bahamas, The
$9.8 million (1995)

Bahrain
$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from
each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)

Bangladesh
$1.575 billion (2000 est.)

Barbados
$9.1 million (1995)

Belarus
$194.3 million (1995)

Belize
NA

Benin
$342.6 million (2000)

Bermuda
NA

Bhutan
substantial aid from India and other nations

Bolivia
$588 million (1997)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$650 million (2001 est.)

Botswana
$73 million (1995)

Brazil
$30 billion IMF disbursement (2002)

British Virgin Islands
NA

Brunei
$4.3 million (1995)

Bulgaria
$300 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso
$484.1 million (1995)

Burma
$127 million (2001 est.)

Burundi
$92.7 million (2000)

Cambodia
$548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for
2001 by international donors (actual disbursement in 2002 was about
$500 million)

Cameroon
on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce
Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now
totals $1.26 billion

Cape Verde
$136 million (1999)

Cayman Islands
NA (1999)

Central African Republic
ODA $73 million; note - traditional budget
subsidies from France (2000 est.)

Chad
$238.3 million; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August
1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150
million (2001 est.)

Chile
ODA, $40 million (2001 est.)

China
NA

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
NA

Comoros
$10 million (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$195.3 million (1995)

Congo, Republic of the
$159.1 million (1995)

Cook Islands
$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish
the greater part (1995)

Cote d'Ivoire
ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)

Croatia
ODA $66 million (2000)

Cuba
$68.2 million (1997 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus - $17 million (1998); north Cyprus - $700
million from Turkey in grants and loans (1990-97), which are usually
forgiven (1998)

Czech Republic
$108 million; EU structural adjustment funds (2002)

Djibouti
$36 million (2001)

Dominica
$22.8 million (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic
$239.6 million (1995)

East Timor
$2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)

Ecuador
$120 million (2001)

Egypt
ODA, $1.2 billion (2001)

El Salvador
total $252 million; $57 million from US (1995)

Equatorial Guinea
$33.8 million (1995)

Eritrea
$77 million (1999)

Estonia
$108 million (2000)

Ethiopia
$308 million (FY00/01)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (1997 est.)

Faroe Islands
$135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)

Fiji
$40.3 million (1995)

French Guiana
NA (1995)

French Polynesia
$367 million (1997)

Gabon
$331 million (1995)

Gambia, The
$45.4 million (1995)

Gaza Strip
$800 million (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)

Georgia
ODA $150 million (2000 est.)

Ghana
$6.9 billion (1999)

Gibraltar
NA

Greece
$5.4 billion from EU (1995)

Greenland
$380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)

Grenada
$8.3 million (1995)

Guadeloupe
$NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies (1995)

Guam
Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal
Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income
or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress,
the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal
income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees
stationed in Guam (2001 est.)

Guatemala
$250 million (2000 est.)

Guernsey
NA

Guinea
$359.2 million (1998)

Guinea-Bissau
$115.4 million (1995)

Guyana
$84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative
(HIPC) $253 million (1997) (2000 est.)

Haiti
$120 million (FY02)

Holy See (Vatican City)
none

Honduras
$557.8 million (1999)

Hungary
ODA $250 million (2000)

India
$2.9 billion (FY98/99)

Indonesia
$43 billion Indonesia finished its IMF program in December
2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group
on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans
for 2004. (2003 est.)

Iran
$408 million (2002 est.)

Iraq
more than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)

Israel
$662 million from US (2003 est.)

Jamaica
$16 million (2003)

Jersey
none

Jordan
ODA, $553 million (2000 est.)

Kazakhstan
$610 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (2000)

Kenya
$453 million (1997)

Kiribati
$15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (2001 est.)

Korea, North
$NA; note - over $133 million in food aid through the
World Food Program in 2003 plus additional aid from bilateral donors
and non-governmental organizations

Kuwait
NA (2001)

Kyrgyzstan
$50 million from the US (2001)

Laos
$243 million (2001 est.)

Latvia
$96.2 million (1995)

Lebanon
$3.5 billion (pledges 1997-2001); $4.2 billion in soft loan
pledges November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference (2002)

Lesotho
$41.5 million (2000)

Liberia
$94 million (1999)

Libya
$15 million (2000)

Liechtenstein
none

Lithuania
$228.5 million (1995)

Macau
NA (1997)

Macedonia
$250 million (2003 est.)

Madagascar
$354 million (2001)

Malawi
$540 million (1999)

Maldives
NA (1995)

Mali
$596.4 million (2001)

Malta
NA

Man, Isle of
NA

Marshall Islands
more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002

Martinique
$NA; note - substantial annual aid from France (1998)

Mauritania
$220 million (2000)

Mauritius
$42 million (1997)

Mayotte
$107.7 million; note - extensive French financial assistance
(1995)

Mexico
$1.166 billion (1995)

Micronesia, Federated States of
under terms of the Compact of Free
Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the
period 1986-2001

Moldova
$100 million (2000)

Monaco
NA

Mongolia
$332 million (2003 est.)

Montserrat
As of 31 March 2003, UK's DFID had provided about $328
million in economic relief from volcanic activity, and by 31 March
2006, DFID aid is expected to total $411 million.

Morocco
$565.6 million (1995)

Mozambique
$632.8 million (2001)

Namibia
ODA $160 million (2000 est.)

Nauru
$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.) (2000 est.)

Nepal
$424 million (FY00/01)

Netherlands Antilles
IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the
Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2000)

New Caledonia
$880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)

Nicaragua
Substantial foreign support (2001)

Niger
$341 million (1997)

Nigeria
IMF $250 million (1998)

Niue
$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
extensive funding from US

Oman
$76.4 million (1995)

Pakistan
$2.4 billion (FY01/02)

Palau
$155.8 million ; note - the Compact of Free Association with
the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1
October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over
15 years in return for furnishing military facilities

Panama
$197.1 million (1995)

Papua New Guinea
$400 million (1999 est.)

Paraguay
NA (2001)

Peru
$895.1 million (1995)

Philippines
ODA commitments, $1.2 billion (2002)

Pitcairn Islands
from UK'S DFID

Poland
EU structural adjustment funds (2000)

Puerto Rico
NA (2001)

Qatar
NA

Reunion
$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001
est.)

Russia
in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in
non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000
est.)

Rwanda
$372.9 million (1999)

Saint Helena
$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
$8 million (2001)

Saint Lucia
$51.8 million (1995)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
approximately $60 million in annual grants
from France

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$47.5 million (1995); note - EU
$34.5 million (1998)

Samoa
$42.9 million (1995)

San Marino
NA

Sao Tome and Principe
$200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC
program

Senegal
$362.6 million (2002 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro
$2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to
follow for several years)

Seychelles
$16.4 million (1995)

Sierra Leone
$103 million (2001 est.)

Singapore
NA

Slovakia
ODA $113 million (2000),; $92 million EU structural
adjustment funds (2000 est.)

Slovenia
ODA, $62 million (2000 est.)

Solomon Islands
$28 million annually, mainly from Australia (2001
est.)

Somalia
$60 million (1999 est.)

South Africa
$487.5 million (2000)

Sri Lanka
$577 million (1998)

Sudan
$172 million (2001)

Suriname
Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program
assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million
(1998)

Svalbard
$8.2 million from Norway (1998)

Swaziland
$104 million (2001)

Syria
$199 million (1997 est.)

Tajikistan
$60.7 million from US (2001)

Tanzania
$1.2 billion (2001)

Thailand
$131.5 million (1998 est.)

Togo
ODA $80 million (2000 est.)

Tokelau
from New Zealand about $4 million annually

Tonga
Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)

Trinidad and Tobago
$24 million (1999 est.)

Tunisia
$378 million (2001)

Turkey
ODA, $300 million (2000)

Turkmenistan
$16 million from the US (2001)

Turks and Caicos Islands
$4.1 million (1997)

Tuvalu
$13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and
the US (1999 est.)

Uganda
$1.4 billion (2000)

Ukraine
$637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2
billion (1998)

Uruguay
NA

Uzbekistan
$87.4 million from the US (2003)

Vanuatu
$45.8 million (1995)

Venezuela
$74 million (2000)

Vietnam
$2.8 billion in credits and grants pledged by international
donors for 2000 (2004)

Virgin Islands
NA

Wallis and Futuna
assistance from France

West Bank
$2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2001-02 est.)

Western Sahara
NA

World
official development assistance (ODA) $50 billion

Yemen
$2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)

Zambia
$651 million (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe
$178 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on
humanitarian grounds (2000 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2065 Currency

Afghanistan
afghani (AFA)

Albania
lek (ALL)

Algeria
Algerian dinar (DZD)

American Samoa
US dollar (USD)

Andorra
euro (EUR)

Angola
kwanza (AOA)

Anguilla
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Antigua and Barbuda
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Argentina
Argentine peso (ARS)

Armenia
dram (AMD)

Aruba
Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)

Australia
Australian dollar (AUD)