Chapter II: Preface: To Revised Edition

The characteristics of this work are stated in the Preface to the First Edition, which may be read on page v and the next following pages of the present volume.

The work has been subjected to a careful revision. The aim has been to make whatever amendments are called for by historical investigations in the interval since it was published. Besides corrections, brief statements have been woven here and there into the text. The revision has embraced the bibliography connected with the successive periods or chapters. Titles of books which are no longer of service have been erased. Titles of select recent publications, as well as of meritorious writings of a remoter past, have been inserted.

In preparing this edition for the press I have not been without the advantage of aid from friends versed in historical studies. Professor Henry E. Bourne, of Western Reserve University, besides particular annotations, has prolonged the history so far as to include in its compass, in Chapter VII, the last decade of the nineteenth century and events as recent as the close of the South African War and the accession of President Roosevelt. Professor Charles C. Torrey, Ph.D., of Yale University, has placed in my hands notes of his own on Oriental History, a portion of history with which, as well as with the Semitic languages, he is conversant. It will not be for lack of painstaking if any part of the new edition fails, within the limits of its plan, to correspond to the present state of historical knowledge.

G. P. F. Yale University, January, 1904.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION

PART I. ANCIENT HISTORY.

_From the Beginning of Authentic History to the Migrations of the Teutonic Tribes (A.D. 375)_

DIVISION I. ORIENTAL HISTORY.

INTRODUCTION

SECTION I. CHINA AND INDIA.

CHAPTER I.--CHINA

CHAPTER II.--INDIA

SECTION II. THE EARLIEST GROUP OF NATIONS.

CHAPTER I.--EGYPT

CHAPTER II.--ASSYRIA AND BABYLON

CHAPTER III.--THE PHOENICIANS AND CARTHAGINIANS

CHAPTER IV.--THE HEBREWS

CHAPTER V.--THE PERSIANS

DIVISION II. EUROPE.

INTRODUCTION

SECTION I. GRECIAN HISTORY.

INTRODUCTION

PERIOD I. GREECE PRIOR TO THE PERSIAN WARS.

CHAPTER I.--THE PREHISTORIC AGE

CHAPTER II.--THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATES

PERIOD II. THE FLOURISHING ERA OF GREECE.

CHAPTER I.--THE PERSIAN WARS

CHAPTER II.--THE ASCENDENCY OF ATHENS

CHAPTER III.--THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

CHAPTER IV.--RELATIONS WITH PERSIA: THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN HEGEMONY

PERIOD III. THE MACEDONIAN ERA.

CHAPTER I.--PHILIP AND ALEXANDER

CHAPTER II.--THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER

SECTION II. ROMAN HISTORY.

INTRODUCTION

PERIOD I. ROME UNDER THE KINGS AND THE PATRICIANS (753-304 B.C.).

CHAPTER I.--ROME UNDER THE KINGS (753-509 B.C.)

CHAPTER II.--ROME UNDER THE PATRICIANS (509-304 B.C.)

PERIOD II. TO THE UNION OF ITALY (304-264 B.C.).

CHAPTER I.--CONQUEST OF THE LATINS AND ITALIANS (304-282 B.C.)

CHAPTER II.--WAR WITH PYRRHUS AND UNION WITH ITALY (282-264 B.C.)

PERIOD III. THE PUNIC WARS.

To the Conquest of Carthage and of the Greek States (264-146 B.C.)

CHAPTER I.--THE FIRST AND SECOND PUNIC WARS (264-202 B.C.)

CHAPTER II.--CONQUEST OF MACEDONIA: THE THIRD PUNIC WAR: THE DESTRUCTION OF CORINTH (202-146 B.C.)

PERIOD IV. THE ERA OF REVOLUTION AND OF THE CIVIL WARS (146-3l B.C.).

CHAPTER I.--THE GRACCHI: THE FIRST MITHRIDATIC WAR: MARIUS AND SULLA (146-78 B.C.)

CHAPTER II.--POMPEIUS AND THE EAST: TO THE DEATH OF CRASSUS (78-53 B.C.)

CHAPTER III.--POMPEIUS AND CAESAR: THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE.

PERIOD V. THE IMPERIAL MONARCHY.

To the Migrations of the Teutonic Tribes (375 A.D.)

CHAPTER I.--THE REIGN OF AUGUSTUS

CHAPTER II.--THE EMPERORS OF THE AUGUSTAN HOUSE

CHAPTER III.--THE FLAVIANS AND THE ANTONINES

CHAPTER IV.--THE EMPERORS MADE BY THE SOLDIERS: THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY: THE TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY

PART II. MEDIAEVAL HISTORY.

_From the Migrations of the Teutonic Tribes to the Fall of Constantinople (A.D. 375-1453)._

INTRODUCTION

PERIOD I. TO THE CARLOVINGIAN LINE OF FRANK RULERS (A.D. 375-751).

CHAPTER I.--CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE: THE TEUTONIC CONFEDERACIES

CHAPTER II.--THE TEUTONIC MIGRATIONS AND KINGDOMS

CHAPTER III.--THE EASTERN EMPIRE

CHAPTER IV.--MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE ARABIC CONQUESTS

PERIOD II. FROM THE CARLOVINGIAN LINE OF FRANK KINGS TO THE ROMANO-GERMANIC EMPIRE (A.D. 751-962).

CHAPTER I.--THE CARLOVINGIAN EMPIRE TO THE DEATH OF CHARLEMAGNE (A.D. 814)

CHAPTER II.--DISSOLUTION OF CHARLEMAGNE'S EMPIRE: RISE OF THE KINGDOMS OF FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY

CHAPTER III.--INVASIONS OF THE NORTHMEN AND OTHERS: THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

PERIOD III. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANO-GERMANIC EMPIRE TO THE END OF THE CRUSADES (A.D. 962-1270).

CHAPTER I.--THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE: PREDOMINANCE OF THE EMPIRE: TO THE CRUSADES (A.D. 1096)

CHAPTER II.--THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE: PREDOMINANCE OF THE CHURCH: TO THE END OF THE CRUSADES (A.D. 1270)

CHAPTER III.--ENGLAND AND FRANCE: THE FIRST PERIOD OF THEIR RIVALSHIP (A.D. 1066-1217)

CHAPTER IV.--RISE OF THE BURGHER CLASS: SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF THE CRUSADES

PERIOD IV. FROM THE END OF THE CRUSADES TO THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE (A.D. 1270-1453): THE DECLINE OF ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITY: THE GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL SPIRIT AND OF MONARCHY.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--ENGLAND AND FRANCE: SECOND PERIOD OF RIVALSHIP: THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (A.D. 1339-1453)

CHAPTER II.--GERMANY: ITALY: SPAIN: THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES: POLAND AND RUSSIA: HUNGARY: OTTOMAN TURKS: THE GREEK EMPIRE

CHAPTER III.--THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN ASIA

PART III. MODERN HISTORY.

_From the Fall of Constantinople_ (1453) _to the Present Time_

INTRODUCTION

PERIOD I. FROM THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO THE REFORMATION
(1453-1517).

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--FRANCE: ENGLAND: SPAIN: GERMANY: ITALY: THE OTTOMAN TURKS: RUSSIA: THE INVASIONS OF ITALY

CHAPTER II.--INVENTION AND DISCOVERY: THE RENAISSANCE

PERIOD II. THE ERA OF THE REFORMATION (1517-1648).

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY: TO THE TREATY OF NUREMBERG (1517-1532)

CHAPTER II.--THE REFORMATION IN TEUTONIC COUNTRIES: SWITZERLAND, DENMARK, SWEDEN, ENGLAND

CHAPTER III.--THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY, FROM THE PEACE OF NUREMBERG TO THE PEACE OF AUGSBURG (1532-1555)

CHAPTER IV.--CALVINISM IN GENEVA: BEGINNING OF THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION

CHAPTER V.--PHILIP II., AND THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS

CHAPTER VI.--THE CIVIL WARS IN FRANCE, TO THE DEATH OF HENRY IV. (1610)

CHAPTER VII.--THE THIRTY-YEARS' WAR, TO THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA (1618-1648)

CHAPTER VIII.--SECOND STAGE OF THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND: TO THE DEATH OF ELIZABETH (1547-1603)

CHAPTER IX.--THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION AND THE COMMONWEALTH (1603-1658)

CHAPTER X.--COLONIZATION IN AMERICA: ASIATIC NATIONS: CULTURE AND LITERATURE (1517-1648)

PERIOD III. FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1648-1789).

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--THE PREPONDERANCE OF FRANCE: FIRST PART OF THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV. (TO THE PEACE OF RYSWICK, 1697): THE RESTORATION OF THE STUARTS: THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1688

CHAPTER II.--WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION (TO THE PEACE OF UTRECHT, 1713): DECLINE OF THE POWER OF FRANCE: POWER AND MARITIME SUPREMACY OF ENGLAND

CHAPTER III.--THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR: THE FALL OF SWEDEN: GROWTH OF THE POWER OF RUSSIA

CHAPTER IV.--WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION: GROWTH OF THE POWER OF PRUSSIA: THE DESTRUCTION OF POLAND

CHAPTER V.--CONTEST OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA: WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

CHAPTER VI.--LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND RELIGION

PERIOD IV. THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1815).

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--FROM THE ASSEMBLING OF THE STATES-GENERAL TO THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. (1789-1793)

CHAPTER II.--FROM THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI. TO THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE (JAN. 21, 1793-JULY 27, 1794)

CHAPTER III.--FROM THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE TO THE EMPIRE OF NAPOLEON (1794-1804)

CHAPTER IV.--FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE TO THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN (1804-1812)

CHAPTER V.--FROM THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN (1812) TO THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1814-15)

CHAPTER VI.--AMERICAN HISTORY IN THIS PERIOD (1789-1815)

CHAPTER VII.--LITERATURE, ART, AND SCIENCE (1789-1815)

PERIOD V. FROM THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) TO THE PRESENT TIME.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.--EUROPE, FROM THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1830

CHAPTER II.--EUROPE, FROM THE REVOLUTION OF 1830 TO THE REVOLUTIONARY EPOCH OF 1848

CHAPTER III.--EUROPE, FROM THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 TO THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1866)

CHAPTER IV.--EUROPE, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR TO THE END OF THE FRANCO-GERMAN WAR (1866-1871)

CHAPTER V.--EUROPE, FROM THE THIRD FRENCH REPUBLIC, AND THE UNION OF ITALY (1871)

CHAPTER VI.--THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1815: THE SOUTH AMERICAN STATES: EASTERN ASIA

CHAPTER VII.--THE LAST DECADE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY