Chapter VI

Journey of the Duc de Reichstadt--M. le Chevalier de Prokesch--Questions concerning the recollections left by _Napoléon en Égypte_--The ambition of the Duc de Reichstadt--The Comtesse Camerata--The prince is appointed lieutenant-colonel--He becomes hoarse when holding a review--He falls ill--Report upon his health by Dr. Malfatti

In the month of June 1830 the Emperor of Austria left Vienna, as was his custom every year, to visit some of his provinces; this year it was Styria's turn to be honoured with the emperor's tour. His Majesty took with him Marie-Louise and her son, and they arrived at Gratz. There they found Lieutenant-Colonel Prokesch of Osten, who had just been travelling in Greece, Asia Minor, the Holy Land, Egypt and Nubia. He was a distinguished man, both by birth and by personal qualities; he had published several military treatises; among others one on the campaign of 1812 and one on that of 1815. The emperor invited him to dinner, and he was placed at table next to the Duc de Reichstadt. The prince addressed him first.

"I have known you for a long while," he said to him, "and I am very much interested in you."

"How have I managed to deserve such interest on your part, monseigneur?" asked the Chevalier de Prokesch.

"I have read and studied your work on the battle of Waterloo, and I was so pleased with it that I have translated it into French and Italian."

After dinner, the prince addressed numerous questions about the East to the traveller, about its actual condition and the character of its inhabitants.

"What do they remember of my father in Egypt?" he asked.

"They remember him as a meteor which passed dazzlingly through their country."

"You are talking, monsieur," the duke replied, "of men of superior ideas like Mohamet-Ali, Ibrahim-Pacha; but I am speaking of the people, the Turks and Arabs and Fellahs; I ask you what all those folk think of General Bonaparte? Having had to bear the evil effects of the wax, do they not harbour a deep resentment?"

"Yes, doubtless. At first there was unfriendly feeling; but, later, it gave place to other sentiments, and there now only remains a great admiration for the memory of your illustrious father. The hatred which exists between the Turks and the Arabs is so great that, to-day, present evils have totally effaced the memory of the evils they had to endure at another period."

"I am aware of that explanation," said the duke; "but the multitude generally considers a great man after the manner in which it looks at a beautiful picture, without the power to account for what goes to constitute its merit: so the impression he leaves in their memories must be but ephemeral. Only superior minds can appreciate great men and preserve the memory of them."

"You are mistaken in this case, monseigneur: the people are faithful to their religion. Great men are gods who do not permit other divinities, or who discuss them before admitting them. The people judge by their feelings, and not by mental appreciation; and they worship the immortals from enthusiasm."

The Duc de Reichstadt often spoke of the captains of antiquity, preferring Cæsar to Alexander, and Hannibal to Cæsar. The following is the eulogium which, according to the Chevalier de Prokesch, he gave on the conqueror of the Trebia, Trasimena and of Cannes.

"He is the finest military genius of antiquity; the cleverest man in strategy of his age. He has been reproached--by whom? by academic pedants and library strategists,--for not knowing how to take advantage of the success he had obtained; but conceive the difference there existed between Hannibal, chief of an empire, freely disposing of his resources, and the simple general of a jealous republic? of a senate made up of those who envied him, and of narrow minds which, by shameful schemings, refused the means of assuring the triumph of his arms? Hannibal has the merit of having trained Scipio for his victories; and one of the greatest phenomena of ancient times is to see this general, by his genius, make a nation of shopkeepers successful for so long as a military people."

We will not criticise these ideas beyond saying that they are a little stilted, after the classical style. Did the son of the man whose incoherent style strode with giant steps or with lion-like leaps, bursting ever into images, talk thus? M. de Montbel and M. le Chevalier de Prokesch will reply. And then the style of the lines we have just read will explain what follows.

"You have a noble aim before you, monseigneur," said M. de Prokesch to the young duke. "Austria has become your adopted country.... (Poor child, he remembered the Cossacks because they had brought him out of France!). Austria has become your adopted country, and with your talents you can prepare yourself to do it immense services in the future!"

"I feel it as you do, monsieur," replied the Duc de Reichstadt. "My ideas must not demean themselves by disturbing France; I do not wish to be an adventurer, I do not particularly wish to serve as the instrument and laughing-stock of Liberal views. It will be a sufficiently noble ambition for me to try some day to walk in the footprints of Prince Eugène de Savoie. But how am I to prepare myself for so great a rôle? How am I to attain to such a height? I want to find round me men whose talents and experience will facilitate the means, if possible, of providing this honourable career."

Is this in the very least the style you would have supposed the son of the man of the proclamations of Marengo, of the Pyramids and of Austerlitz to have used! True, when we borrow from Reichstadt through M. de Montbel it is translated from Carlism, and when he borrows from M. de Prokesch it is translated from the Austrian.

The revolution of July came and made itself heard throughout the whole world. This time the eyes of a whole party turned towards Napoleon II., and, strange to say, it was M. de Talleyrand who took upon himself to be the organ of that party at Vienna! Needless to say, all proposals were rejected. Then a woman of sturdy courage, of the Napoleon family, both in spirit and in face, tried to arouse in the young prince's mind something of what Ulysses meant to demand from Achilles, lost amongst the daughters of Deidamia. This woman was the Comtesse Camerata, daughter of Elisa Bacciochi. She arrived in Vienna one day, and lodged at the Hôtel du Cygne in the rue de Carinthia.--It was about the beginning of November 1830. One night, when returning to the house of M. d'Obenaus, his tutor, the Duc de Reichstadt found a young woman, wrapped in a Scotch plaid, waiting for him on the staircase landing. When she caught sight of the duc, she moved quickly towards him, took his hand, pressed it and then carried it to her lips with an expression of the liveliest tenderness. The prince stopped, amazed.

"Madame," M. d'Obenaus asked, who accompanied the Duc de Reichstadt, "what are you doing, and what do you want?"

"Who shall prevent me from kissing the hand of the son of my sovereign?"

Then she vanished. A few days later, the duke found a letter in an unknown writing on his table, and opened it.

It was dated 17 November, and contained the following lines:--

"PRINCE,--I write to you for the third time. Tell me if you
have received my letters, and whether you mean to act as
an Austrian archduke or as a French prince. In the first
case, deliver up my letters: by destroying me you will
acquire a more lofty position, and this act of devotion will
redound to your glory. But if, on the contrary, you take
advantage of my advice, if you play the man, you shall see
how obstacles will give way before a calm and strong will.
You will find a thousand means of speaking to me, which I
cannot compass alone. You can only have hope in yourself: do
not let the thought of putting confidence in some one else
even enter your mind! You know that if I asked to see you
even before a hundred witnesses my request would be refused;
you know that you are dead to all that is French and to
your family. In the name of the horrible tortures to which
the king of Europe has condemned your father; in thinking
of that anguish of banishment by which they have made him
expiate the crime of being too generous towards them,
remember that you are his son, that his dying looks were
settled on your face; steep yourself in these horrors, and
impose upon them the punishment of seeing you seated on the
throne of France! Take advantage of this chance, prince!...
I have perhaps said too much: my fate is in your hands, and
I can tell you that if you make use of my letters to destroy
me the thought of your cowardice will give me more suffering
than anything they may make me endure! The man who hands you
this letter is commissioned also to bring back your reply.
If you are honourable you will not refuse me one.

"NAPOLEONE CAMERATA"

This letter frightened the young prince dreadfully: it was an appeal straight, clear and positive. "Are you an Austrian archduke or a French prince?" That was the question. The duke opened his heart to the Chevalier de Prokesch concerning this incident and the uneasiness it caused him.

"You know very well," he said to him, "that I shall not take as guide of my conduct, and as guarantors of my future, persons of so exalted a character; but I find myself in a genuinely embarrassing position. It is due to my feelings towards the emperor (when the Duc de Reichstadt talks of _the emperor_ he always means the Emperor Francis II.), as also to the dignity of my situation, that I should not hide either my troubles or my doings; it would seem acting wrongly to him to be silent about this circumstance. On the other hand, I do not wish to injure the countess; she is wanting in prudence, but she has a right to my consideration.... Besides, she is a woman. Yet my first duty is towards the emperor. Could you not go to the Comte de Dietrichstein for me, and confide to him what has happened, and ask him to settle matters so that the Comtesse Camerata shall not be put to any persecution or any unpleasantness and not be compelled to go away from Vienna?"

After looking carefully into the affair, the Chevalier de Prokesch approved of the prince's resolution, and willingly undertook the mission His Highness had confided to him. Next day he received a note as follows:--

"Since I saw you I have received a fresh letter from the
Comtesse Camerata. It was d'Obenaus' valet de chambre who
put the first one on my table, which I confided to your
care--send it me back; it is expedient and necessary for
me to speak of it to Obenaus. I will arrange things so as
to avoid all mischief-making and scandal; but I will not
reply. Let there be no further question about that. I hope
to see you at six o'clock to resume our reading.
FRANÇOIS DE REICHSTADT"

Although the Comtesse Camerata had received no reply, she did not look upon herself as beaten. At the risk of what might happen to her, she still remained for three weeks in Vienna, putting herself everywhere in the prince's path: at the theatre, at Prater and at Schönbrünn. But the Duc de Reichstadt showed no signs of knowing her! Tired of this silence, she finally went away to Prague. The prince's conduct met with its reward: that same month the emperor--the Emperor Francis II. of course--made him a lieutenant-colonel; but, as though fate wished to make him understand that he must be Cæsar or nothing--_Aut Cæsar aut nihil_--at the first words of command he tried to utter his voice became hoarse, and he was obliged to discontinue his duty. A frequent cough followed the hoarseness. The prince fell ill of the disease which was to cause his death.

Let us hear what his own doctor said about it--Dr. Malfatti:--

"I was called in by the Duc de Reichstadt as his regular
doctor in the month of May 1830. I succeeded three men
of high reputation: the celebrated Frank and Drs. Goëlis
and Standenheimer. M. de Herbeck had filled the office of
surgeon-in-ordinary to the prince. These doctors had not
left any diary of the young duke's ?health. M. le Comte de
Dietrichstein was good enough to supply this deficiency by
informing me of many particulars which it was indispensable
to know.

"The prince ate very little, and without appetite; his
stomach seemed too weak to bear the nourishment which his
singularly rapid and even alarming rate of growth required:
at the age of seventeen he had attained the height of five
feet three inches! He suffered from slight throat ailments
from time to time; he was subject to a habitual cough and
a daily discharge of mucus. Dr. Standenheimer had already
manifested great anxiety about the prince's predisposition
towards phthisis of the trachea. I made note of the
prescriptions that had been used against these disquieting
symptoms.

"I was guided in my early research by the personal knowledge
that I possessed of a morbid hereditary disposition in
the Napoleon family, and I ascertained the existence of
a cutaneous affection (_herpes farinaceum_.) I could not
approve the use of cold baths and swimming, which the
surgeon, M. de Herbeck, had also fought against, probably
solely because of the knowledge he had discovered of the
weak constitution of the prince's chest. With the object
of acting on the cutaneous system, I made use of muriatic
baths and seltzer water mixed with milk. The prince was to
go into the army the following autumn; there lay all his
hopes and desires: he had obtained the much-solicited leave.
I did not commend myself to his good graces, as you may
imagine, when I positively opposed this change of living. I
disclosed my reasons to his august parents in a memorandum,
which I addressed to them on 15 July 1830. I stated that,
in his excessive rate of growth, out of proportion to
the development of the various organs and the general
disposition to weakness, especially of the chest, any
additional illness might be extremely dangerous, whether now
or in the future, and that, consequently, it was imperative
to protect the prince from every possible atmospheric
influence, and any effort of voice, to which he would be
continually exposed in military service.

"My memorandum was well received by the emperor, and the
entrance upon military service was adjourned for six
months. By means of assiduous care and artificial methods
of diverting the disease, the alarming symptoms visibly
subsided. The winter passed by happily, but he still
continued to grow.

"In the spring of the year 1831 the prince entered upon
his military career. From that moment he threw aside all
my advice; I was merely a spectator of an uncontrolled
enthusiasm and an unbridled excitement over his new duties.
He would henceforth not listen to anything but his passion,
which led his feeble body into privations and fatigues
absolutely beyond his strength. He looked upon it as a
shame and cowardly to complain when under arms. Besides,
in his eyes I had committed the grave offence of delaying
his military career: he seemed to fear my professional
observations might yet stop it. So, although he treated
me with extreme kindness in social relations, as a doctor
he did not tell me a single word of the truth. It was
impossible for me to make him continue the use of sea-water
baths and mineral waters which had been very valuable to him
during the previous year. He said he hadn't time. Several
times I caught him by surprise at the barracks, in a state
of extreme fatigue. One day, especially, I found him lying
on a sofa, exhausted and worn out. Not able to deny, then,
the painful condition to which I saw he was reduced, he
said to me--

"'I am annoyed with my wretched body, which cannot keep up
with my mental energies!'

"'It is, indeed, trying,' I replied, 'that your Highness
has not the power of changing your body as you change your
horses when they are tired. But I entreat you, monseigneur,
to take heed that you have an iron spirit in a body of
crystal, and that the abuse of your will can only be
disastrous to you.'

"His life was then, indeed, like a consuming fire. He
scarcely slept for four hours, although, naturally, he
needed much sleep; he ate hardly anything; his life was
wholly concentrated on tactical manœuvres and all kinds of
military exercises. He took no rest, his growing tallness
did not stop him; he gradually became thinner, and his
complexion became livid in colour. To all my questions he
always replied--

"'I am perfectly well!'

"In the month of August he was attacked by a violently
feverish catarrh, and the only thing I could get him to do
was to keep to his bed and room for one day. We conferred
with General Comte Hartmann upon the necessity of putting
a stop to a régime that was very dangerous for his frail
existence. You will remember the dire period of the invasion
of cholera in Vienna, the misfortunes which followed upon
the first outbreak of that scourge, the generous conduct of
the inhabitants of Vienna, the wise precautions of those
in authority, the help and example the emperor and the
members of the Imperial family gave, impervious to the fear
to which the disease gave rise on its appearance. The Duc
de Reichstadt would not be separated from his soldiers or
leave their barracks; the emperor could not but appreciate
this sentiment, which was but compatible with the duties of
a prince; but we had a sacred and urgent duty on our side,
to rescue this young man from a position which evidently
tended to his destruction. I put to him the imminent
dangers he could allay by a speedy change of his way of
living and absolute rest; in a situation so critical as
his the least attack of the prevailing disease would be
fatal. Comte Hartmann undertook to present this report to
the emperor, who sent orders I was to come and repeat it
verbally in the presence of the Duc de Reichstadt, at the
end of the military review he was to conduct next day at
Schmolz, near Vienna. I went punctually at the appointed
hour, to the field where the manœuvres were held, where the
emperor, wishful to reassure people against their terror of
contagion, was mingling with his troops and subjects. When
the review was over, I went to His Majesty and repeated my
report. The emperor then addressed the young prince--

"'You have heard what Dr. Malfatti says. You will
immediately go to Schönbrünn.'

"The duke bowed respectfully in token of obedience, but,
when he stood up again, he flung me an indignant glance.

"'It is you, then, who have had me put under arrest?' he
said angrily, and he walked rapidly away."

But he was obliged to obey the emperor's commands all the same, and that was what Dr. Malfatti desired.