Chapter III: , Of Water, as Painted by Turner

§ 1. The difficulty of giving surface to smooth water. 355 § 2. Is dependent on the structure of the eye, and the focus by which the reflected rays are perceived. 355 § 3. Morbid clearness occasioned in painting of water by distinctness of reflections. 356 § 4. How avoided by Turner. 357 § 5. All reflections on distant water are distinct.[Page lxx] 357 § 6. The error of Vandevelde. 358 § 7. Difference in arrangement of parts between the reflected object and its image. 359 § 8. Illustrated from the works of Turner. 359 § 9. The boldness and judgment shown in the observance of it. 360 § 10. The texture of surface in Turner's painting of calm water. 361 § 11. Its united qualities. 361 § 12. Relation of various circumstances of past agitation, &c., by the most trifling incidents, as in the Cowes. 363 § 13. In scenes on the Loire and Seine. 363 § 14. Expression of contrary waves caused by recoil from shore. 364 § 15. Various other instances. 364 § 16. Turner's painting of distant expanses of water.—Calm, interrupted by ripple. 365 § 17. And rippled, crossed by sunshine. 365 § 18. His drawing of distant rivers. 366 § 19. And of surface associated with mist. 367 § 20. His drawing of falling water, with peculiar expression of weight. 367 § 21. The abandonment and plunge of great cataracts. How given by him. 368 § 22. Difference in the action of water, when continuous and when interrupted. The interrupted stream fills the hollows of its bed. 369 § 23. But the continuous stream takes the shape of its bed. 370 § 24. Its exquisite curved lines. 370 § 25. Turner's careful choice of the historical truth. 370 § 26. His exquisite drawing of the continuous torrent in the Llanthony Abbey. 371 § 27. And of the interrupted torrent in the Mercury and Argus. 372 § 28. Various cases. 372 § 29. Sea painting. Impossibility of truly representing foam. 373 § 30. Character of shore-breakers, also inexpressible. 374 § 31. Their effect how injured when seen from the shore. 375 § 32. Turner's expression of heavy rolling sea. 376 § 33. With peculiar expression of weight. 376 § 34. Peculiar action of recoiling waves. 377 § 35. And of the stroke of a breaker on the shore. 377 § 36. General character of sea on a rocky coast given by Turner in the Land's End. 378 § 37. Open seas of Turner's earlier time. 379 § 38. Effect of sea after prolonged storm. 380 § 39. Turner's noblest work, the painting of the deep open sea in the Slave Ship. 382 § 40. Its united excellences and perfection as a whole. 383