Chapter I: , Of Water, as Painted by the Ancients

§ 1. Sketch of the functions and infinite agency of water. 325 § 2. The ease with which a common representation of it may be given. The impossibility of a faithful one. 325 § 3. Difficulty of properly dividing the subject. 326 § 4. Inaccuracy of study of water-effect among all painters. 326 § 5. Difficulty of treating this part of the subject. 328 § 6. General laws which regulate the phenomena of water. First, The imperfection of its reflective surface.[Page lxix] 329 § 7. The inherent hue of water modifies dark reflections, and does not affect right ones. 330 § 8. Water takes no shadow. 331 § 9. Modification of dark reflections by shadow. 332 § 10. Examples on the waters of the Rhone. 333 § 11. Effect of ripple on distant water. 335 § 12. Elongation of reflections by moving water. 335 § 13. Effect of rippled water on horizontal and inclined images. 336 § 14. To what extent reflection is visible from above. 336 § 15. Deflection of images on agitated water. 337 § 16. Necessity of watchfulness as well as of science. Licenses, how taken by great men. 337 § 17. Various licenses or errors in water painting of Claude, Cuyp, Vandevelde. 339 § 18. And Canaletto. 341 § 19. Why unpardonable. 342 § 20. The Dutch painters of sea. 343 § 21. Ruysdael, Claude, and Salvator. 344 § 22. Nicolo Poussin. 345 § 23. Venetians and Florentines. Conclusion. 346 Chapter II., Of Water, as Painted by the Moderns § 1. General power of the moderns in painting quiet water. The lakes of Fielding. 348 § 2. The calm rivers of De Wint, J. Holland, &c. 348 § 3. The character of bright and violent falling water. 349 § 4. As given by Nesfield. 349 § 5. The admirable water-drawing of J. D. Harding. 350 § 6. His color; and painting of sea. 350 § 7. The sea of Copley Fielding. Its exceeding grace and rapidity. 351 § 8. Its high aim at character. 351 § 9. But deficiency in the requisite quality of grays. 352 § 10. Variety of the grays of nature. 352 § 11. Works of Stanfield. His perfect knowledge and power. 353 § 12. But want of feeling. General sum of truth presented by modern art. 353