Chapter LI: Appendix: THE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG. Footnote: See v. 1069 seqq (6)

fetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. nâh hwâ ... fe[tige] fäted wæge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hraðe wäs tô bûre Beówulf fetod, 1311.

ge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. hêt þâ eorla hleó in gefetian Hrêðles lâfe, _caused Hrêðel's sword to be brought_, 2191.

â-fêdan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. þær he âfêded wäs, 694.

fêða (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. fêðan, 1328, 2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_: nom. fêða eal gesät, 1425; dat. on fêðan, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-fêða.

fêðe, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. wäs tô foremihtig feónd on fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.

fêðe-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.

fêðe-gäst, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. fêðe-gestum, 1977.

fêðe-lâst, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. fêrdon forð þonon fêðe-lâstum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way that they had gone, 1633.

fêðe-wîg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hrêmge þorfton (sc. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2365.

fêl (= feól), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. fêla lâfe, _what the files have left behind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.

fêran, w. v., iter (A.S. fôr) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres. subj. II. pl. ær ge ... on land Dena furður fêran, _ere you go farther into the land of the Danes_, 254; inf. fêran on freán wære (_to die_), 27; gewiton him þâ fêran (_set out upon their way_), 301; mæl is me tô fêran, 316; fêran ... gang sceáwigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391; wîde fêran, 2262; pret. fêrdon folctogan ... wundor sceáwian, _the princes came to see the wonder_, 840; fêrdon forð, 1633.

ge-fêran: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. þonne eorl ende gefêre lîfgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. häfde æghwäðer ende gefêred lænan lîfes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2) _to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast þu gefêred þät ..., 1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. frêcne gefêrdon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.

feal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. wäl-feal.

feallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg. þät he on hrusan ne feól, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the ground_, 773; similarly, feóll on foldan, 2976; feóll on fêðan (dat. sg.), _fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. þonne walu feóllon, 1043.

be-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: freóndum befeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum befeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting will fall away from it moldering), 2257.

ge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. þät se lîc-homa ... fæge gefealleð, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with the acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefeóll, 2101; he eorðan gefeóll, 2835.

fealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone flôd (_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe stræte (with reference to 320), 917; acc. pl. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, 866.--Comp. äppel-fealo.

feax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. wäs be feaxe on flet boren Grendles heáfod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ... swât ... sprong forð under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of his head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.

ge-feá, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. þære fylle gefeán, _joy at the abundant repast_, 562; ic þäs ealles mäg ... gefeán habban (_can rejoice at all this_), 2741.

feá, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne feáum ânum, _except some few_, 1082; gen. pl. feára sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; feára sumne, _one of a few (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. feá worda cwäð, _spoke few words_, 2663, 2247.

feá-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. syððan ærest wearð feásceaft funden, 7; feásceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg. feásceaftum men, 2286; Eádgilse ... feásceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. feásceafte (the Geátas robbed of their king, Hygelâc), 2374.

feoh, feó, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property, treasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo feó þingian, _would not allay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, þâ fæhðe feó þingode, 470; ic þe þâ fæhðe feó leánige, 1381.

ge-feohan, ge-feón, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to rejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah he þære fæhðe, 109; hilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gefægon, _enjoyed themselves at the bounteous repast_, 1015; þeódnes gefêgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of) _the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mærðum, 828; secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sælâce gefeah, mägen-byrðenne þâra þe he him mid häfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_ (Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.

feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg. þære feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. ät feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum, _with rich gifts_, 21.

feoh-leás, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þät wäs feoh-leás gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.

ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mêce þone þîn fader tô gefeohte bär, _the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.

ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wîg Hengeste wiht gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.

feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.

feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þät feor heonon, 1362; näs him feor þanon tô gesêcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is far, past_), 1702.

feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor and (oððe) neáh, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time: ge feor hafað fæhðe gestæled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_), 1341.

Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fästor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr, 1989; feor, 542.

feor-bûend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. ge feor-bûend, 254.

feor-cýð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl. feor-cýððe beóð sêlran gesôhte þäm þe him selfa deáh, _foreign lands are better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.

feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nô þon lange wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wräc, _life expelled the strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also), 2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve his life_, 2857; feorh âlegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ær he feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; ôð þät hie forlæddan tô þam lindplegan swæse gesîðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þu þîn feorh hafast, 1850; ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wäs in feorh dropen, _was wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wîdan feorh, as temporal acc., _through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. feore, 1294, 1549; tô wîdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swâ geongum feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg. feores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. bûton ... feorum gumena, 73; freónda feorum, 1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þâ wäs heal hroden feónda feorum (_the hall was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þâ in Francna fäðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelâc) _fell into the power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.

feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg. feorh-bonan, 2466.

feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat. (instr.) pl. feorh-bennum seóc, 2741.

feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078, 2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.

feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela feorh-cynna, 2267.

feorh-genîðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind), _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genîðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genîðlan, 970; acc. sg. brægd feorh-genîðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genîðlan, (Ongenþeów) _pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.

feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_: acc. sg. on mâðma hord mine (mînne, MS.) bebohte frôde feorh-lege, _for the treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.

feorh-lâst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl. feorh-lâstas bär, 847.

feorh-seóc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.

feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg., 2490.

feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde hleát, 2386.

feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nô þu ymb mînes ne þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme, MS.), 2386.

feormend-leás, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ... fyrn-manna fatu feormend-leáse, 2762.

feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl. feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.

ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sôna häfde unlyfigendes eal gefeormod fêt and folma, 745.

feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone mägenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, feó þingian, (Grendel) _would not from friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay it for tribute_, 156.

feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.; siððan äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, _when noble men afar learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands), 2890; fêrdon folctogan feorran and neán, _from far and from near_, 840; similarly, neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175; wäs þäs wyrmes wîg wîde gesýne ... neán and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_, 2318.--b) temporal: se þe cûðe frumsceaft fira feorran reccan (_since remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.

feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.

feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mâdma fela of feorwegum, _many precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.

ge-feón. See feohan.

feónd, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; feónd on helle (Grendel), 101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. feónde, 143, 439; gen. sg. feóndes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. feónd, 699; dat. pl. feóndum, 420, 1670; gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.

feónd-grâp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. feónd-grâpum fäst, 637.

feónd-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fâh feónd-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.

feónd-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.

feówer, num., _four_: nom. feówer bearn, 59; feówer mearas, 2164; feówer, as substantive, 1638; acc. feówer mâðmas, 1028.

feówer-tyne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. feówertyne Geáta, 1642.

findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in acc.: inf. þâra þe he cênoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hie at Finnes-hâm findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mäg þær fela freónda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swâ hyt weorðlîcost fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ôðer fand, _found other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelîcne grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þät ic gôdne funde beága bryttan, 1487; pret. part. syððan ærest wearð feásceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sînne driórigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and inf.: pret. fand þâ þær inne äðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wäccendne wer wîges bîdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; ôð þät he fyrgen-beámas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þâ sâwulleásne hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nô þý ær feásceafte findan meahton ät þam äðelinge þät he Heardrêde hlâford wære (_could by no means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.

on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret. sg. landweard onfand eftsîð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þâ heó onfunden wäs (_was discovered_), 1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þâ se gist onfand þät se beado-leóma bîtan nolde, _the stranger_ (Beówulf) _perceived that the sword would not cut_, 1523; sôna þät onfunde, þät ..., _immediately perceived that_..., 751; similarly, 810, 1498.

finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985; dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.

firas, fyras (O.H.G. firahî, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only in pl., _men_: gen. pl. fira, 91, 2742; monegum fira, 2002; fyra gehwylcne leóda mînra, 2251; fira fyrngeweorc, 2287.

firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice, outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fæhðe, 153; fæhðe and fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene, 137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel), 751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of _maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.

firen-dæd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dæda, 1670; instr. pl. fyren-dædum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to their nocturnal inroads.

firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg. fyren-þearfe, 14.

firgen-beám, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-beámas, 1415.

firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on fyrgen-holt, 1394.

firgen-streám, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-streám, 1360; acc. sg. under fyrgen-streám (marks the place where the mountain-stream, according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.

fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.

fîf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fîf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fîfe (?), 420.

fîfel-cyn (O.N. fîfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg. fîfelcynnes eard, 104.

fîf-tene, fîf-tyne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fýftyne, 1583; gen. fîftena sum, 207.

fîf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fîftig wintra, 2734; gen. se wäs fîftiges fôt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as adjective: acc. fîftig wintru, 2210.

flân, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flâne, 3120; as instr., 2439.

flân-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flân, bow_: dat. sg. of flân-bogan, 1434, 1745.

flæsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nô þon lange wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the prince contained in his body_, 2425.

flæsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. flæsc-homan, 1569.

flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. heó on flet gebeáh, _fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg. 1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þät hie him ôðer flet eal gerýmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.

flet-räst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-räste gebeág, _reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.

flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023; dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.

flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.

fleám, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on fleám gewand, _had turned to flight_, 1002; fleám eówerne, 2890.

fleógan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. fleógeð, 2274.

fleón, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster fleón, 756; fleón on fenhopu, 765; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas fleáh, 2226.

be-fleón, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nô þät ýðe byð tô befleónne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.

ofer-fleón, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges weard oferfleón fôtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_ (the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.

fleótan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nô he wiht fram me flôd-ýðum feor fleótan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sægenga fleát fâmigheals forð ofer ýðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.

fliht. See flyht.

flitme. See un-flitme.

flîtan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part. flîtende fealwe stræte mearum mæton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II. eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the Beówulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.

ofer-flîtan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret. w. acc. he þe ät sunde oferflât (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.

ge-flît, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas, _let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.

floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gûð-, lyft-, uht-, wîð-floga.

flota (see fleótan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301; acc. sg. flotan eówerne, 294.--Comp. wæg-flota.

flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwom faran flotherge on Fresna land, 2916.

flôd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.; acc. sg. flôd, 3134; ofer fealone flôd, 1951; dat. sg. tô flôde, 1889; gen. pl. flôda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flôda genipu, 2809.

flôd-ýð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flôd-ýðum, 542.

flôr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fâgne flôr (the floor was probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þâ äfter flôre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.

flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gâres fliht, _flight of the spear_, 1766.

ge-flýman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflýmed, 847, 1371.

folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sûðdene folc, 464; folc and rîce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga, 465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sæ sîde, _went with a band of warriors over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; freáwine folces, 2358; or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwên, 1933.--The pl., in the sense of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum, 55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. freó- (freá-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430; friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.

folc-âgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl. folc-âgende, 3114.

folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg. folc-beorn, 2222.

folc-cwên, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþeów, 642.

folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.

folc-ræd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.

folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl. him ær forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swâ his fäder âhte, 2609.

folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg. folc-scare, 73.

folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76; folcstede fâra (_the battle-field_), 1464.

folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful liege-men of Hrôðgâr are called folc-togan, 840.

fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.

fold-bûend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-bûend, 2275; fold-bûende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-bûendum, 309.

folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; feóll on foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan sceátas, 96; foldan fäðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan, 1197.

fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg, 1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.

folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl. þeáh hie hira beággyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode feorh-genîðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.

folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743; acc. pl. fêt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tô banan folmum, 158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.

for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þät he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358; for hlâwe, 1121.--b) _before_, coram, in conspectu: no he þære feohgyfte for sceótendum scamigan þorfte, _had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þäm werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of, through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338, 1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhýdum, 434; for onmêdlan, 2927, etc.--b) objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þreánýdum, 833; for þreánêdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself), 509; him for hrôfsele hrînan ne mehte fær-gripe flôdes, _on account of the roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516; lîg-egesan wäg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_, 2782; for mundgripe mînum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_, 966; for þäs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... deóp gedýgan for dracan lêge, _could not hold out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be added such passages as ic þäm gôdan sceal for his môdþräce mâðmas beódan, _will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lässan leán teohhode, _gave often reward for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ârstafum, _to the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: he hine feor forwräc for þý mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for sunu freógan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; ne him þäs wyrmes wîg for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.

foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... sceáwedon feóndes fingras, foran æghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þät wäs ân foran ealdgestreóna, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_, i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þe him foran ongeán linde bæron, _bore their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.

be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: he ... beforan gengde, _went before_, 1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in conspectu: mære mâððum-sweord manige gesâwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.

ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.

forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ätstôp, _approached nearer_, 746; þâ cwom Wealhþeó forð gân, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn forð wîsade, _led him_ (Beówulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þät him swât sprong forð under fexe, _forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewîtað forð beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; he tô forð gestôp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; me ... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fêrdon forð, _went forth_ (from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne he forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_, i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald forð tela niwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel, _shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.

forð-gerîmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.

forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future destiny_: acc. sg. he þâ forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1751.

forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: he of ealdre gewât frôd on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.

fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: heó fore þäm werede spräc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nô mearn fore fæhðe and fyrene, 136; fore fäder dædum, _because of the father's deeds_, 2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þær wäs sang and swêg samod ätgädere fore Healfdenes hildewîsan, _song and music about Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnäf), 1065.

fore-mære, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, præclarus: superl. þät wäs fore-mærost foldbûendum receda under roderum, 309.

fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, præpotens: nom. sg. wäs tô foremihtig feónd on fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee too rapidly), 970.

fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl. foresnotre men, 3164.

fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg., 1061.

forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; he on môde wearð forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.

forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sîð (_the first time_), 717, 1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sîðe, 741, 2287; forman dôgore, 2574.

fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: he fyrmest läg, 2078.

forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.

for-þam, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account, then_: forþam, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.

fôn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III. fêhð ôðer tô, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid grâpe sceal fôn wið feónde, 439; pret. sg. him tôgeánes fêng, _caught at him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. he þâm frätwum fêng, _received the rich adornments_ (Ongenþeów's equipment), 2990.

be-fôn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part. hyne sâr hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; heó äðelinga ânne häfde fäste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen freáwrâsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fýre befongen, _encircled by fire_, 2275, 2596; häfde landwara lîge befangen, _encompassed by fire_, 2322.

ge-fôn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. he gefêng slæpendne rinc, 741; gûðrinc gefêng atolan clommum, 1502; gefêng þâ be eaxle ... Gûðgeáta leód Grendles môdor, 1538; gefêng þâ fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefêng, geolwe linde, 2610; ic on ôfoste gefêng micle mid mundum mägen-byrðenne, _hastily I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.

on-fôn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfôh þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þät þät þeódnes bearn ... scolde fäder-äðelum onfôn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwâ þäm hläste onfêng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hleór-bolster onfêng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689; similarly, 853, 1495; heal swêge onfêng, _the hall received the loud noise_, 1215; he onfêng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Beówulf) _at once clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.

þurh-fôn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by grasping_: inf. þät heó þone fyrd-hom þurh-fôn ne mihte, 1505.

wið-fôn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him fäste wið-fêng, 761.

ymbe-fôn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefêng biteran bânum, _encircled his_ (Beówulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.

fôt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fôtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fêt, 746; dat. pl. ät fôtum, _at the feet_, 500, 1167.

fôt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen. sg. se wäs fîftiges fôtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.

fôt-lâst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand feóndes fôt-lâst, 2290.

fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. näs seó ecg fracod hilde-rince, 1576.

fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þær fram sylle âbeág medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesîðas ... fram mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þäm holmclife hafelan bæron, 1636; similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: he hine feor forwräc ... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þâ ic cwom ... from feóndum, 420; æghwäðrum wäs ... brôga fram ôðrum, 2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_: sägdest from his sîðe, 532; nô ic wiht fram þe swylcra searo-nîða secgan hýrde, 581; þät he fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away, thence_: nô þý ær fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ærest cwom oruð aglæcean ût of stâne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the rock_ 2557.

fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp. sîð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on môde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate, 1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from; see freme, forma.

ge-frägen. See frignan.

frätwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frätwe, 2920; beorhte frätwe, 214; beorhte frätwa, 897; frätwe.. eorclan-stânas, 1208; frätwe,... breóst-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelâc's collar; frätwe and fät-gold, 1922; frätwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl. þâm frätwum, 2164; on frätewum, 963; frätwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrêmig, 2055; frätwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frätwum (Ongenþeów's armor), 2990; gen. pl. fela ... frätwa, 37; þâra frätwa (drake's treasure), 2795; frätwa hyrde (drake), 3134.

frätwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede frätwan, 76.

ge-frätwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum and leáfum, 96; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten Heort innanweard folmum gefrätwod, 993.

ge-fræge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. leód-cyning ... folcum gefræge, 55; swâ hyt gefræge wäs, 2481.

ge-fræge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefræge (_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.

ge-frægnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle gefrægnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying off of Äschere), 1334?

freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Beówulf, 1564.--Comp.: gûð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wîg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).

fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom sg. þät wäs fremde þeód êcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.

freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwên, of Þryðo, 1933(?).

fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object, fremme se þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp. pl. fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; säcce fremman, 2500; fæhðe ... mærðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcræd fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hû þâ äðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fâcenstafas ... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þät ic ... mærðo fremede, 2135. --2) _to help on, to support_: inf. þät he mec fremman wile wordum and worcum (to an expedition), 1833.

ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlîc ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; äfter weáspelle wyrpe gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow), 1316; gerund, tô gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165, 551, 585, etc.; þeáh þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl. gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed, 476; fem, nu scealc hafað ... dæd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þu þe self hafast dædum gefremed, þät ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_, 955.

fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þâ (the precious things) sceal brond fretan, 3015; nu sceal glêd fretan wîgena strengel, 3115; pret. sg. (Grendel) slæpende frät folces Denigea fýftyne men, 1582.

frêcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frêcne fýr-draca, 2690; feorh-bealo frêcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frêcne dæde, 890; frêcne fengelâd, 1360; frêcne stôwe, 1379; instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through provoking words_), 1105.

frêcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.

freá, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. freá, 2286; acc. sg. freán, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. freán, 359, 500, 1167, 1681; dat. sg. freán, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. eode ... tô hire freán sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. freán ealles, _the Lord of all_, 2795; gen. sg. freán, 27.-- Comp.: âgend-, lîf-, sin-freá.

freá-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. freá-drihtnes, 797.

freá-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. freá-wine folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his freá-wine, 2439.

freá-wrâsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm ... befongen freáwrâsnum, 1452; see wrâsn.

freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wel bið þäm þe môt ... tô fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's arms_, 188; neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.

freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg. freoðoburh fägere, 522.

freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960; seems to have been the proper name of a field.

freoðo-wær, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þâ hie getrûwedon on twâ healfa fäste frioðu-wære, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowære bäd hlâford sînne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full pardon for his delinquency), 2283.

freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort (often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two nations): nom. sg., 1943.

freó-burh, st. f., = freá-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. freóburh, 694.

freód, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. freóde ne woldon ofer heafo healdan, 2477; gen. sg. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, _was no longer time to seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þe sceal mîne gelæstan freóde (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to 1381 ff.), 1708.

freó-dryhten (= freá-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein, dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. freó-drihten min! 1170; dat. sg. mid his freó-dryhtne, 2628.

freógan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þät mon his wine-dryhten ... ferhðum freóge, 3178; inf. nu ic þec ... me for sunu wylle freógan on ferhðe, 949.

freó-lîc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with the bond concubine): nom. sg. freólîc wîf, 616; freólîcu folc-cwên, 642.

freónd, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. freónd, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. freóndum, 916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. freónda, 1307, 1839.

freónd-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wäs ful boren and freónd-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewägned, 1193.

freónd-lâr, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. freónd-lârum, 2378.

freónd-lîce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. freónd-lîcor, 1028.

freónd-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. freónd-scipe fästne, 2070.

freó-wine, st. m. (see freáwine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_; according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc. freó-wine folca! 430.

fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sînne geseldan fägre fricgean hwylce Sæ-Geáta sîðas wæron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_ (having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation was alternate), 2107.

ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hie ge-fricgeað freán ûserne ealdorleásne, _when they learn that our lord is dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þät gefricge, þät..., 1827; pl. syððan äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, 2890.

friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_: inf. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, 2557.

friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca, 2018.

frignan, fringan, frinan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frin þu äfter sælum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þäs wine Deniga frinan wille ... ymb þînne sîð, 351; pret. sg. frägn, 236, 332; frägn gif ..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.

ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frinan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þät fram hâm gefrägn Higelâces þegn Grendles dæda, 194; nô ic gefrägn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.) þâ ic wîde gefrägn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne gefrägen ic þâ mægðe mâran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sêl gebæran, _I never heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) we þeódcyninga þrym gefrunon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gûðcyning gôdne gefrunon hringas dælan, 1970; (parenthetical) swâ guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne) medo-ärn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn æfre gefrunon, 70; pret. part. häfde Higelâces hilde gefrunen, 2953; häfdon gefrunen þät..., _had learned that_ ..., 695; häfde gefrunen hwanan sió fæhð ârâs, 2404; healsbeága mæst þâra þe ic on foldan gefrägen häbbe, 1197.

from, See fram.

frôd, adj.: 1) ætate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frôd, 2626, 2951; frôd cyning, 1307, 2210; frôd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frôd, 1725, 2115, 2278; se frôda, 2929; ac. sg. frôde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old life_), 2801; dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced, wise_: nom. sg. frôd, 1367; frôd and gôd, 279; on môde frôd, 1845.--Comp.: in-, un-frôd.

frôfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frôfor, 2942; acc. sg. frôfre, 7, 974; fyrena frôfre, 629; frôfre and fultum, 1274; frôfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tô frôfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frôfre, 185.

fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg. wäs se fruma egeslîc leódum on lande, swâ hyt lungre wearð on hyra sincgifan sâre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible, its end distressing through the death of Beówulf_), 2310.--2) _he who stands first, prince_; in comp. dæd-, hild-, land-, leód-, ord-, wîg-fruma.

frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nu ic eówer sceal frumcyn witan, 252.

frum-gâr, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgâre (of Beówulf), 2857.

frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. se þe cûðe frumsceaft fira feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his birth, 45.

fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelîcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tô gamene, 2942.

ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. se wäs innan full wrätta and wîra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.

ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.

ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026; ofer ýða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfôh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.

fullæstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þe fullæstu, 2669.

fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frôfor (frôfre) and fultum, 699, 1274; mägenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp. mägen-fultum.

fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. we fundiað Higelâc sêcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.

furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þâ ic furðum weóld folce Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed the government), 465; þâ hie tô sele furðum ... gangan cwômon, 323; ic þær furðum cwom tô þam hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þe sceal mîne gelæstan freóde, swâ wit furðum spræcon, 1708.

furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.

fûs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nu ic eom sîðes fûs, 1476; leófra manna fûs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them, 1917; sigel sûðan fûs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun), 1967; se wonna hrefn fûs ofer fægum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft ... feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120; nom. pl. wæron ... eft to leódum fûse tô farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fûs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fûs and fæge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ût-fûs.

fûs-lîc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð, 1425; fyrd-searo fûs-lîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûs-lîcu, 232.

fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þät he on fylle wearð, _that he came to a fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrâ-fyl.

fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in comp. äl-fylce.

ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fâne gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. feónd gefyldan, _they had slain the enemy_, 2707.

â-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wäs freóndum âfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.

fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrægnod, 1334; gen. sg. näs hie þære fylle gefeán häfdon, 562; fylle gefægon, 1015.--Comp.: wäl-, wist-fyllo.

fyl-wêrig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc. sg. fyl-wêrigne, 963.

fyr. See feor.

fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þâ þe gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance, 378.

fyras. See firas.

fyren. See firen.

fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.

fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_: dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874

fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.

fyrd-hrägl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrägl, 1528.

fyrd-hwät, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate, 1642, 2477.

fyrd-leóð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song fûslîc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.

fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu fûslîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûslîcu, 232.

fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg. fyrd-wyrðe man (Beówulf), 1317.

ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part. âr wäs on ôfoste, eftsîðes georn, frätwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded Beówulf), 2785.

fyrmest. See forma.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old times_), 1452.

fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fira fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283), 2287.

fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ôr fyrn-gewinnes (_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.

fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.

fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many years_: dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan, of Äschere, 2124.

fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. näs hit lengra fyrst, ac ymb âne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, 2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fîf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þý fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_, 76.

fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt, 232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.

ge-fýsan (fûs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefýsed flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fýre gefýsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þâ wäs hringbogan (of the drake) heorte gefýsed säcce tô sêceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the question, for what? gûðe gefýsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_, 631.

fýr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fýre, 2220; as instr. fýre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fýres fäðm, 185; fýres feng, 1765.-- Comp.: âd-, bæl-, heaðu-, wäl-fýr.

fýr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fýr-bendum fäst, 723.

fýr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.

fýr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl. (eoforlîc) fâh and fýr-heard, 305.

fýr-leóht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.

fýr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fýrwylmum fâh, 2672.

G

galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-leóð gäleð, 2461; inf. gryre-leóð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _heard the clang, the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.

â-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þät hire on hafelan hringmæl âgôl grædig gûðleóð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon her head_, 1522.

gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg. gomban gyldan, 11.

gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen, 1161; gomen, 2460; gomen gleóbeámes, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc. sg. gamen and gleódreám, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp. heal-gamen.

gamen-wâð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wâðe, 855.

gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þær wäs ... gomenwudu grêted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grêtte, 2109.

gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years, gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398; gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan, 2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þam gomelan, 2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former time_: gen. pl. gomelra lâfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lâfe, 2564; gomel swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.

gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.

gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges ge-twæman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2) _step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel), 1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fêran Grendles mâgan gang sceáwigan, 1392.--Comp. in-gang.

be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg. ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flôda begang, 1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flôda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong, 2368.

gangan. See under gân.

ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bäð (i.e. the sea), 1862.

gâd, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þe wilna gâd (_thou shalt have no lack of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.

gân, _expanded =_ gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gæð â Wyrd swâ hió scel, 455; gæð eft ... tô medo, 605; þonne he ... on flett gæð, 2035; similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gâ þær he wille, _let him go whither he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gâ nu tô setle, 1783; nu þu lungre geong, hord sceáwian, under hârne stân, 2744; inf. in gân, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð gân, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hie him tô mihton gegnum gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tô sele ... gangan cwômon, 324; in a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nu ge môton gangan ... Hrôðgâr geseón, 395; þâ com of môre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going) from the fen_, 712; ongeán gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go to the war_, 1035; cwom ... tô hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tô, _let us go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) geóng or gióng: he tô healle geóng, 926; similarly, 2019; se þe on orde geóng, _who went at the head, went in front, _3126; on innan gióng, _went in_, 2215; he ... gióng tô þäs þe he eorðsele ânne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall, _2410; þâ se äðeling, gióng, þät he bî wealle gesät, _then went the prince_ (Beówulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tô healle gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þâ äfter flôre, _went along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): he ... beforan gengde ..., wong sceáwian, _went in front to inspect the fields_, 1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, eode (Goth. iddja): eode ellenrôf, þät he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358; similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgâr eode], _went towards the door of the hall_, 390; eode Wealhþeów forð, _went forth_, 613; eode tô hire freán sittan, 641; eode yrremôd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; eode ... tô sele, 919; similarly, 1233; eode ... þær se snottra bâd, 1313; eode weorð Denum äðeling tô yppan, _the prince_ (Beówulf), _honored by the Danes, went to the high seat_, 1815; eode ... under inwit-hrôf, 3124; pl. þær swîðferhðe sittan eodon, 493; eodon him þâ tôgeánes, _went to meet him_, 1627; eodon under Earna näs, 3032.

â-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swâ bit âgangen wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.

full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte heóld, feðer-gearwum fûs flâne full-eode, _when the shaft had employment, furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.

ge-gân, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his môdor ... gegân wolde sorhfulne sîð, 1278; se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, _who dared to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga geonga under his mæges scyld elne geeode, _went quickly under his kinsman's shield_, 2677; pl. elne geeodon tô þäs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_ ..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hie tô-gädre gegân häfdon, _when they_ (Wîglâf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þät his aldres wäs ende gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þâ wäs endedäg gôdum gegongen, þät se gûðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_: inf. (w. acc.) þonne he ät gûðe gegân þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, näs þät ýðe ceáp tô gegangenne gumena ænigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geeodon ... þät se byrnwîga bûgan sceolde, 2918; pret. part. häfde ... gegongen þät, _had attained it, that_ ..., 894; hord ys gesceáwod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þät gegangeð þät ..., _if that happen, that_ ..., 1847; pret. sg. þät geiode ufaran dôgrum hilde-hlämmum, _it happened in later times to the warriors_ (the Geátas), 2201; pret. part. þâ wäs gegongen guman unfrôdum earfoðlîce þät, _then it had happened to the young man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.

ôð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þät hi ôðeodon ... in Hrefnesholt, 2935.

ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. ofereode þâ äðelinga bearn steáp stân-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl. freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, 2960.

ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-eode þâ ides Helminga duguðe and geogoðe dæl æghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior and the inferior warriors_, 621.

gâr, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg. gâre, 1076; blôdigan gâre, 2441; gen. sg. gâres fliht, 1766; nom. pl. gâras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gâr.

gâr-cêne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.

gâr-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gâr-cwealm gumena, 2044.

gâr-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.

gâr-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on gâr-secg, 49, 537; ofer gâr-secg, 515.

gâr-wîga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum gâr-wîgan, of Wîglâf, 2675, 2812.

gâr-wîgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl. gâr-wîgend, 2642.

gâst, gæst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gâst (Grendel), 1275; gen. sg. wergan gâstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl. dyrnra gâsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gæsta gîfrost (_flames consuming corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geó-sceaft-gâst; ellen-, wäl-gæst.

gâst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg. gâst-bona, 177.

gädeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_: gen. sg. gädelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gädelingum, 2950.

ät-gädere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ätgädere, 329, 387, 730, 1064.

tô-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.

gäst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gäst, 1801; se gäst (the drake), 2313; se grimma gäst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc. sg. gryre-lîcne gist (the nixy slain by Beówulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste, 2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gäs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fêðe-, gryre-, inwit-, nîð-, sele-gäst (-gyst).

gäst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_: acc. sg., 995.

ge, conj., _and_, 1341; ge ... ge ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; ge ... ge ..., ge ..., 1249; ge swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.

ge, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þu, 237, 245, etc.

gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þînra gegn-cwida, 367.

gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tô, ofer, giving the direction: þät hie him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go thither_), 314; gegnum fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _away over the dark moor_, 1405.

gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mænde, 2268; dat. sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.