Chapter LIV: Appendix: The Attack in Finnsburg (9)

lēanian, w. v., _to reward, compensate_: pres. sg. I. ic þē þā fǣhðe fēo lēanige (_repay thee for the contest with old-time treasures_), 1381; pret. sg. mē þone wæl-rǣs wine Scyldinga fǣttan golde fela lēanode (_the friend of the Scyldings rewarded me richly for the combat with plated gold_), 2103.

lēas, adj., _false_: nom. pl. lēase, 253.

lēas, adj., _deprived of, free from_, w. gen.: nom. sg. drēama lēas, 851; dat. sg. winigea lēasum, 1665.--Comp.: dōm-, drēam-, ealdor-, feoh-, feormend-, hlāford-, sāwol-, sige-, sorh-, tīr-, þēoden-, wine-, wyn-lēas.

lēasig, adj., _concealing one's self_; in comp. sin-lēasig(?).

leoðo-cræft, st. m., _the art of weaving_ or _working in meshes, wire_, etc.: instr. pl. segn eall-gylden ... gelocen leoðo-cræftum (_a banner all hand-wrought of interlaced gold_), 2770.

leoðo-syrce, w. f., _shirt of mail (limb-sark)_: acc. sg. locene leoðo-syrcan (_locked linked sark_), 1506; acc. pl. locene leoðo-syrcan, 1891.

leomum. See lim.

leornian, w. v., _to learn, devise, plan_: pret. him þæs gūð-cyning ... wræce leornode (_the war-king planned vengeance therefor_), 2337.

lēod, st. m., _prince_: nom. sg., 341, 348, 670, 830, 1433, 1493, 1613, 1654, etc.; acc. lēod, 626.

lēod, st. f., _people_: gen. sg. lēode, 597, 600, 697. In pl. indicates _individuals, people, kinsmen_: nom. pl. lēode, 362, 415, 1214, 2126, etc.; gum-cynnes Gēata lēode (_people of the race of the Gēatas_), 260; acc. pl. lēode, 192, 443, 1337, 1346, etc.; dat. pl. lēodum, 389, 521, 619, 698, 906, 1160, etc.; gen. pl. lēoda, 205, 635, 794, 1674, 2034, etc.

lēod-bealo, st. n., (_mischief, misfortune affecting an entire people_), _great, unheard-of calamity_: acc. sg., 1723; gen. pl. lēod-bealewa, 1947.

lēod-burh, st. f., _princely castle, stronghold of a ruler, chief city_: acc. pl. -byrig, 2472.

lēod-cyning, st. m., _king of the people_: nom. sg., 54.

lēod-fruma, w. m., _prince of the people, ruler_: acc. sg. lēod-fruman, 2131.

lēod-gebyrgea, w. m., _protector of the people, prince_: acc. sg. -gebyrgean, 269.

lēod-hryre, st. m., _fall, overthrow, of the prince, ruler_: dat. sg. æfter lēod-hryre (_after the fall of the king of the Heaðobeardas_, Frōda, cf. 2051, 2031; gen. sg. þæs lēod-hryres (of the fall of Heardred, cf. 2389, 2392.

lēod-sceaða, w. m., _injurer of the people_: dat. sg. þām lēod-sceaðan, 2094.

lēod-scipe, st. m., _the whole nation, people_: acc. sg., 2752; dat. sg. on þām lēod-scipe, 2198.

lēoð, st. n., _song, lay_: nom. sg., 1160.--Comp.: fyrd-, gryre-, gūð-, sorh-lēoð.

lēof, adj., _lief, dear_: nom. sg., 31, 54, 203, 511, 521, 1877, 2468; weak form m., lēofa, 1217, 1484, 1855, 2664; acc. sg. m. lēofne, 34, 297, 619, 1944, 2128, 3109, 3143; gen. sg. lēofes (m.), 1995, 2081, 2898; (neut.), 1062, 2911; dat. pl. lēofum, 1074; gen. pl. lēofra, 1916. Compar. nom. sg. neut. lēofre, 2652. Superl. nom. sg. m. lēofost, 1297; acc. sg. þone lēofestan, 2824.

lēoflīc, _dear, precious, valued_: nom. sg. m. lēoflīc lind-wiga, 2604; acc. sg. neut. lēoflīc īren, 1810.

lēogan, st. v., _to lie, belie, deceive_. subj. pres. næfne him his wlite lēoge (_unless his looks belie him_), 250; pret. sg. hē ne lēag fela wyrda nē worda, 3030.

ā-lēogan, _to deceive, leave unfulfilled_: pret. sg. hē bēot ne ā-lēh (_he left not his promise unfulfilled_), 80.

ge-lēogan, _to deceive, betray_: pret. sg. him sēo wēn gelēah (_hope deceived him_), 2324.

lēoht, st. n., _light, brilliance_: nom. sg., 569, 728, 1751 (?); acc. sg. sunnan lēoht, 649; godes lēoht gecēas (_chose God's light, died_), 2470; dat. sg. tō lēohte, 95.--Comp.: ǣfen-, fȳr-, morgen-lēoht.

lēoht, adj., _luminous, bright_: instr. sg. lēohtan sweorde, 2493.

lēoma, w. m.: 1) _light, splendor_: nom. sg., 311, 2770; acc. sg. lēoman, 1518; sunnan and mōnan lēoman (_light of sun and moon_), 95.--2) (as beadu- and hilde-lēoma), _the glittering sword_: nom. sg. līxte se lēoma (_the blade-gleam flashed_), 1571.

lēosan, st. v., = amitti, in

be-lēosan, _to deprive, be deprived of_: pres. part. (hēo) wearð beloren lēofum bearnum and brōðrum (_was deprived of her dear children and brethren_), 1074.

for-lēosan, with dat. instr., _to lose something_: pret. sg. þǣr hē dōme for-lēas, ellen-mǣrðum (_there lost he the glory, the repute, of his heroic deeds_), 1471; pret. sg. for pl. þām þe ǣr his elne for-lēas (_to him who, before, had lost his valor_), 2862; part. pret. nealles ic þām lēanum for-loren hæfde (_not at all had I lost the rewards_), 2146.

libban, w. v., _to live, be, exist_: pres. sing. III. lifað, 3169; lyfað, 945; leofað, 975, 1367, 2009; subj. pres. sg. II. lifige, 1225; pres. part. lifigende, 816, 1954, 1974, 2063; dat. sg. be þē lifigendum (_in thy lifetime_), 2666; pret. sg. lifde, 57, 1258; lyfde, 2145; pret. pl. lifdon, 99. See unlifigende.

licgan, st. v.: 1) _to lie, lie down_ or _low_: pres. sg. nū sēo hand ligeð (_now the hand lies low_), 1344; nū se wyrm ligeð, 2746, so 2904; inf. licgan, 3130; licgean, 967, 3083; pret. sg. læg, 40, 552, 2078; syððan Heardrēd læg (_after Heardrēd had fallen_), 2389; pret. pl. lāgon, 3049; lǣgon, 566.--2) _to lie prostrate, rest, fail_: pret. sg. nǣfre on ōre læg wīd-cūðes wīg (_never failed the far-famed one's valor at the front_), 1042; syððan wiðer-gyld læg (_after vengeance failed_, or, _when Withergyld lay dead_, if _W._ is a proper name), 2052.

ā-licgan, _to succumb, fail, yield_: inf. 2887; pret. sg. þæt his dōm ā-læg (_that its power failed it_), 1529.

ge-licgan, _to rest, lie still_: pret. sg. wind-blond gelæg, 3147.

lida, w. m., _boat, ship_ (as in motion); in comp.: sund-, ȳð-lida.

lid-man, st. m., _seafarer, sailor_: gen. pl. lid-manna, 1624.

lim, st. n., _limb, branch_: instr. pl. leomum, 97.

limpan, st. v., _to happen, befall_ (well or ill); impers. w. dat. pret. sg. hū lomp ēow on lāde (_how went it with you on the journey?_), 1988.

ā-limpan, _to come about, offer itself_: pret. sg. oð þæt sǣl ā-lamp (_till the opportunity presented itself_), 623; pret. part, þā him ā-lumpen wæs wistfylle wēn (_since a hope of a full meal had befallen him_), 734.

be-limpan, _to happen to, befall_: pret. sg. him sīo sār belamp, 2469.

ge-limpan, _to happen, occur, turn out_: pres. sg. III. hit eft gelimpeð þæt..., 1754; subj. pres. þisse ansȳne alwealdan þanc lungre gelimpe (_thanks to the Almighty forthwith for this sight!_), 930; pret. sg. him on fyrste gelamp þæt..., 76; swā him ful-oft gelamp (_as often happened to them_), 1253; þæs þe hire se willa gelamp þæt ... (_because her wish had been fulfilled_), 627; frōfor eft gelamp sārig-mōdum, 2942; subj. pret. gif him þyslīcu þearf gelumpe, 2638; pret. part. Denum eallum wearð ... willa gelumpen, 825.

lind, st. f. (properly _linden_; here, a a wooden shield covered with linden-bark or pith): nom. sg., 2342; acc. sg. geolwe linde, 2611; acc. pl. linde, 2366.

lind-gestealla, w. m., _shield-comrade, war-comrade_: nom. sg., 1974.

lind-hæbbend, pres. part., _provided with a shield_, i.e. warrior: nom. pl. -hæbbende, 245; gen. pl. hæbbendra, 1403.

lind-plega, w. m., _shield-play_, i.e. battle: dat. sg. lind-plegan, 1074, 2040.

lind-wiga, w. m., _shield-fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 2604.

linnan, st. v., _to depart, be deprived of_: inf. aldre linnan (_depart from life_), 1479; ealdres linnan, 2444.

lis, st. f., _favor, affection_: gen. pl. eall ... lissa, 2151.

list, st. m., _art, skill, cleverness, cunning_: dat. pl. adverbial, listum (_cunningly_), 782.

līxan, w. v., _to shine, flash_: pret. sg. līxte, 311, 485, 1571.

līc, st. n.: 1) _body, corpse_: nom. sg., 967; acc. sg. līc, 2081; þæt līc (_the body, corpse_), 2128; dat. sg. līce, 734, 1504, 2424, 2572, 2733, 2744; gen. sg. līces, 451, 1123.-- 2) _form, figure_: in comp. eofor-, swīn-līc.

ge-līc, adj., _like, similar_: nom. pl. m. ge-līce, 2165. Superl. ge-līcost, 218, 728, 986, 1609.

līc-hama, -homa, w. m. _(body-home, garment), body_: nom. sg. līc-homa, 813, 1008, 1755; acc. sg. līc-haman, 2652; dat. sg. līc-haman, 3179.

līcian, w. v., _to please, like_ (impers.): pres. sg. III. mē þīn mōd-sefa līcað leng swā wēl, 1855; pret. pl. þām wīfe þā word wēl līcodon, 640.

līcnes. See on-līcnes.

līc-sār, st. n., _bodily pain_: acc. sg. līc-sār, 816.

līc-syrce, w. f., _body-sark, shirt of mail covering the body_: nom. sg., 550.

1īðan, st. v., _to move, go_: pres. part. nom. pl. þā līðende (_navigantes, sailors_), 221; þā wæs sund liden (_the water was then traversed_), 223.--Comp.: hēaðu-, mere-, wǣg-līðend.

līðe (O.H.G. lindi), adj., _gentle, mild, friendly_: nom. sg. w. instr. gen. lāra līðe, 1221. Superl. nom. sg. līðost, 3184.

lið-wǣge, st. n., _can in which līð_ (a wine-like, foaming drink) _is contained_: acc. sg., 1983.

līf, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. līf, 97, 734, 1537, 2424, 2744, 2752; dat. sg. līfe, 2572; tō līfe (_in one's life, ever_) 2433; gen. sg. līfes, 197, 791, 807, 2824, 2846; worolde līfes (_of the earthly life_), 1388, 2344.--Comp. edwīt-līf.

līf-bysig, adj. _(striving for life or death), weary of life, in torment of death_: nom. sg., 967.

līf-dagas, st. m. pl., _lifetime_: acc.-dagas, 794, 1623.

līf-frēa, w. m., _lord of life, God_: nom. sg., 16.

līf-gedāl, st. n., _separation from life_: nom. sg., 842.

līf-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, destiny_: gen. pl.-gesceafta, 1954, 3065.

līf-wraðu, st. f., _protection for one's life, safety_: acc. sg. līf-wraðe, 2878; dat. sg. tō līf-wraðe, 972.

līf-wyn, st. f., _pleasure, enjoyment, joy_ (of life): gen. pl. līf-wynna, 2098.

līg, st. m. n., _flame, fire_: nom. sg., 1123; dat. instr. sg. līge, 728, 2306, 2322, 2342; gen. sg. līges, 83, 782. See lēg.

līg-draca, w. m., _ fire-drake, flaming dragon_; nom. pl., 2334. See lēg-draca.

līg-egesa, w. m., _horror arising through fire, flaming terror_: acc. sg., 2781.

līge-torn, st. m., _false, pretended insult_ or _injury, fierce anger_(?): dat. sg. æfter līge-torne (_on account of a pretended insult?_ or _fierce anger?_ cf. Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 208), 1944.

līg-ȳð, st. m., _wave of fire_: instr. pl. līg-ȳðum, 2673.

lēon, st. v., _to lend_: pret. sg. þæt him on þearfe lāh þyle Hrōðgāres (_which H.'s spokesman lent him in need_), 1457.

on-lēoon, _to lend, grant as a loan_, with gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. þā hē þæs wǣpnes on-lāh sēlran sweord-frecan, 1468.

loca, w. m., _bolt, lock_: in comp. bān-, burh-loca.

locen. See lūcan.

lond, long. See land, lang.

lof, st. m. n., _praise, repute_: acc. sg. lof, 1537.

lof-dǣd, st. f., _deed of praise_: instr. pl. lof-dǣdum, 24.

lof-georn, adj., _eager for praise, ambitious_: superl. nom. sg. lof-geornost, 3184.

loga, w. m., _liar_; in comp. trēow-loga.

losian, w. v., _to escape, flee_: pres. sg. III. losað, 1393, 2063; pret. sg. hē on weg losade (_fled away_), 2097.

lōcian, w. v., _to see, look at_: pres. sg. II. sǣ-lāc ... þē þū hēr tō lōcast (_booty of the sea that thou lookest on_), 1655.

ge-lōme, adv., _often, frequently_, 559.

lufe, w. f., _love_: in comp. hēah-, mōd-, wīf-lufe.

lufa (cf. and-leofa, big-leofa, _nourishment_), w. m., _food, subsistence; property, real estate_: acc. sg. on lufan (_on possessions_), 1729.--Comp. eard-lufa.

lufen, st. f. (cf. lufa), _subsistence, food; real estate, (enjoyment?)_: nom. sg. lufen (parallel with ēðel-wyn), 2887.

luf-tācen, st. n., _love-token_: acc. pl. luf-tācen, 1864.

lufian, w. v., _to love, serve affectionately_: pret. sg. III. lufode þā lēode (_was on affectionate terms with the people_), 1983.

lungre, adv.: 1) _hastily, quickly, forthwith_, 930, 1631, 2311, 2744.--2) _quite, very, fully_: fēower mēaras lungre gelīce (_four horses quite alike_), 2165.

lust, st. m., _pleasure, joy_: dat. pl. adv. lustum (_joyfully_), 1654; so, on lust, 619, cf. 600.

lūcan, st. v., _to twist, wind, lock, interweave_: pret. part. acc. sg. and pl. locene leoðo-syrcan (_shirt of mail wrought of meshes or rings interlocked_), 1506, 1891; gen. pl. locenra bēaga (_rings wrought of gold wire_), 2996.

be-lūcan: 1) _to shut, close in or around_: pret. sg. winter ȳðe be-lēac īs-gebinde (_winter locked the waves with icy bond_), 1133.-- 2) _to shut in, off, preserve, protect_: pret. sg. I. hig wīge belēac manegum mǣgða (_I shut them in, protected them, from war arising from many a tribe_), 1771. Cf. mē wīge belūc wrāðum fēondum (_protect me against mine enemies_), Ps. 34, 3.

ge-lūcan, _to unite, link together, make_: pret. part. gelocen, 2770.

on-lūcan, _to unlock, open_: pret. sg. word-hord on-lēac (_opened the word-hoard, treasure of speech_), 259.

tō-lucan, _(to twist, wrench, in two) to destroy_: inf., 782.

lyft, st. f. (m. n.?), _air_: nom. sg., 1376; dat. sg. æfter lyfte (_along, through, the air_), 2833.

lyft-floga, w. m., _air-flier_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2316.

lyft-geswenced, pret. part., _urged, hastened on, by the wind_, 1914.

lyft-wyn, st. f., _enjoyment of the air_: acc. sg. lyft-wynne, 3044.

lyhð. See leahan.

lystan, w. v., _to lust after, long for_: pret. sg. Gēat ungemetes wēl ... restan lyste(_the Gēat_ [Bēowulf] _longed sorely to rest_), 1794.

lȳt, adj. neut. (= parum), _little, very little, few_: lȳt eft becwōm ... hāmes nīosan (_few escaped homeward_), 2366; lȳt ǣnig (_none at all_), 3130; usually with gen.: wintra lȳt, 1928; lȳt ... hēafod-māga, 2151; wergendra tō lȳt (_too few defenders_), 2883; lȳt swīgode nīwra spella (_he kept to himself little, none at all, of the new tidings_), 2898; dat. sg. lȳt manna (_too few of men_), 2837.

lȳtel, adj., _small, little_: nom. sg. neut. tō lȳtel, 1749; acc. sg. f. lȳtle hwīle (_a little while_), 2031, 2098; lif-wraðe lȳtle (_little protection for his life_), 2878.--Comp. un-lȳtel.

lȳt-hwōn, adv., _little = not at all_: lȳt-hwōn lōgon, 204.

lȳfe, st. n., _leave, permission, (life?)_: instr. sg. þīne lȳfe (life, MS.), 2132.--Leo. Cf. O.N. leyfi, n., _leave, permission_, in Möbius' Glossary, p. 266.

lȳfan, w. v., (fundamental meaning _to believe, trust_) in

ā-lȳfan, _to allow, grant, entrust_: pret. sg. nǣfre ic ǣnegum men ǣr ālȳfde ... þrȳð-ærn Dena (_never before to any man have I entrusted the palace of the Danes_), 656; pret. part. (þā mē wæs) sīð ... ālȳfed inn under eorð-weall (_the way in under the wall of earth was allowed me_), 3090.

ge-lȳfan, w. v., _to believe, trust_: 1) w. dat.: inf. þǣr gelȳfan sceal dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_whomever death carrieth away, shall believe it to be the judgment of God_, i.e. in the contest between Bēowulf and Grendel), 440.--2) w. acc.: pret. sg. gēoce gelȳfde brego Beorht-Dena (_believed in, expected, help_, etc.), 609; þæt hēo on ǣnigne eorl gelȳfde fyrena frōfre (_that she at last should expect from any earl comfort, help, out of these troubles_), 628; sē þe him bealwa tō bōte gelȳfde (_who trusted in him as a help out of evils_), 910; him tō anwaldan āre gelȳfde (_relied for himself on the help of God_), 1273.

ā-lȳsan, w. v., _to loose, liberate_: pret. part. þā wæs of þǣm hrōran helm and byrne lungre ā-lȳsed (_helm and corselet were straightway loosed from him_), 1631.

M

maðelian, w. v. (sermocinari), _to speak, talk_: pret. sg. maðelode, 286, 348, 360, 371, 405, 456, 499, etc.; maðelade, 2426.

maga, w. m., _son, male descendant, young man_: nom. sg. maga Healfdenes (Hrōðgār), 189, 1475, 2144; maga Ecgþēowes (Bēowulf), 2588: maga (Grendel), 979; se maga geonga (Wīglāf), 2676; Grendeles maga (_a relative of Grendel_), 2007; acc. sg. þone magan, 944.

magan, v. with pret.-pres. form, _to be able_: pres. sg. I. III. mæg, 277, 478, 931, 943, 1485, 1734, etc.; II. meaht þū, 2048; subj. pres. mǣge, 2531, 2750; þēah ic eal mǣge (_even though I could_), 681; subj. pl. wē mǣgen, 2655; pret. sg. meahte, 542, 755, 1131, 1660, 2465, etc.; mihte, 190, 207, 462, 511, 571, 657, 1509, 2092, 2610; mehte, 1083, 1497, 1516, 1878; pl. meahton, 649, 942, 1455, 1912, 2374, 3080; mihton, 308, 313, 2684, 3164; subj. pret. sg. meahte, 243, 763, 2521; pres. sg. mæg, sometimes = licet, _may, can, will_ (fut.), 1366, 1701, 1838, 2865.

mago (Goth. magu-s), st. m., _male, son_: nom. sg. mago Ecglāfes (Hunferð), 1466; mago Healfdenes (Hrōðgār), 1868, 2012.

mago-dryht, st. f., _troop of young men, band of men_: nom. sg. mago-driht, 67.

mago-rinc, st. m., _hero, man_ (preeminently): gen. pl. mago-rinca, hēap, 731.

magu-þegn, mago-þegn, st. m., _vassal, war-thane_: nom. sg. 408, 2758; dat. sg. magu-þegne, 2080; acc. pl. magu-þegnas, 293; dat. pl. mago-þegnum, 1481; gen. pl. mago-þegna ... þone sēlestan (_the best of vassals_), 1406.

man, mon, st. m.: 1) _man, human being_: nom. sg. man, 25, 503, 534, 1049, 1354, 1399, 1535, 1877, etc.; mon, 209, 510, 1561, 1646, 2282, etc.; acc. sg. w. mannan, 297, 577, 1944, 2128, 2775; wīd-cūðne man, 1490; dat. sg. men, 656, 753, 1880; menn, 2190; gen. sg. mannes, 1195 (?), 2081, 2534, 2542; monnes, 1730; nom. pl. men, 50, 162, 233, 1635, 3167; acc. pl. men, 69, 337, 1583, 1718; dat. pl. mannum, 3183; gen. pl. manna, 155, 201, 380, 702, 713, 736, etc.; monna, 1414, 2888.--2) indef. pron. = _one, they, people_ (Germ. _man_): man, 1173, 1176; mon, 2356, 3177.--Comp.: fyrn-, glēo-, gum-, iū-, lid-, sǣ-, wǣpned-man.

man. See munan.

man-cyn, st. n., _mankind_: dat. sg. man-cynne, 110; gen. sg. man-cynnes, 164, 2182; mon-cynnes, 196, 1956.

man-drēam, st. m., _human joy, mundi voluptas_: acc. sg. man-drēam, 1265; dat. pl. mon-drēamum, 1716.

man-dryhten, st. m. (_lord of men_), _ruler of the people, prince, king_: nom. sg. man-dryhten, 1979, 2648; mon-drihten, 436; mon-dryhten, 2866; acc. sg. mon-dryhten, 2605; dat. sg. man-drihtne, 1230; man-dryhtne, 1250, 2282; gen. sg. man-dryhtnes, 2850; mon-dryhtnes, 3150.

ge-mang, st. m., _troop, company_: dat. sg. on gemonge (_in the troop_ [of the fourteen Gēatas that returned from the sea]), 1644.

manian, w. v., _to warn, admonish_: pres. sg. III. manað swā and myndgað ... sārum wordum (_so warneth and remindeth he with bitter words_), 2058.

manig, monig, adj., _many, many a, much_: 1) adjectively: nom. sg. rinc manig, 399; geong manig (_many a young man_), 855; monig snellīc sǣ-rinc, 690; medu-benc monig, 777; so 839, 909, 919, 1511, 2763, 3023, etc.; acc. sg. medo-ful manig, 1016; dat. sg. m. þegne monegum, 1342, 1420; dat. sg. f. manigre mǣgðe, 75; acc. pl. manige men, 337; dat. pl. manegum māðmum, 2104; monegum mǣgðum, 5; gen. pl. manigra mēda, 1179.--2) substantively: nom. sg. manig, 1861; monig, 858; dat. sg. manegum, 349, 1888; nom. pl. manige, 1024; monige, 2983; acc. pl. monige, 1599; gen. pl. manigra, 2092.--3) with depend. gen. pl.: dat. manegum mǣgða, 1772; monegum fīra, 2002; hæleða monegum bold-āgendra, 3112; acc. pl. rinca manige, 729; (māðm)-ǣhta monige, 1614.

manig-oft, adv., _very often, frequently_, 171 [if manig and oft are to be connected].

man-līce, adv., _man-like, manly_, 1047.

man-þwǣre, adj., _kind, gentle toward men, philanthropic_: nom. sg. superl. mon-þwǣrust, 3183.

mā, contracted compar., _more_: with partitive gen., 504, 736, 1056.

māðum, māððum, st. m., _gift, jewel, object of value_: acc. sg. māððum, 169, 1053, 2056, 3017; dat. instr. sg. māðme, 1529, 1903; nom. pl. māðmas, 1861; acc. pl. mādmas, 385, 472, 1028, 1483, 1757, 1868, etc.; dat. instr. pl. māðmum, mādmum, 1049, 1899, 2104, 2789; gen. pl. māðma, 1785, 2144, 2167, etc.; mādma, 36, 41.--Comp.: dryht-, gold-, hord-, ofer-, sinc-, wundor-māðum.

māðm-ǣht, st. f., _treasure in jewels, costly objects_: gen. pl. māðm-ǣhta, 1614, 2834.

māððum-fæt, st. n., _treasure-casket_ or _cup, costly vessel_: nom. sg., 2406.

māðm-gestrēon, st. n., _precious jewel_: gen. pl. māðm-gestrēona, 1932.

māðum-gifu, st. f., _gift of valuable objects, largess of treasure_: dat. sg. æfter māððum-gife, 1302.

māðum-sigl, st. n., _costly, sun-shaped ornament, valuable decoration_: gen. pl. māððum-sigla, 2758.

māðum-sweord, st. n., _costly sword_ (inlaid with gold and jewels): acc. sg., 1024.

māðum-wela, w. m., _wealth of jewels, valuables_:: dat. sg. æfter-māððum-welan (_after the sight of the wealth of jewels_), 2751.

māgas. See mǣg.

māge, w. f., _female relative_: gen. sg. Grendles māgan (_mother_), 1392.

mān, st. n., _crime, misdeed_: instr. sg. māne, 110, 979; adv., _criminally_, 1056.

mān-for-dǣdla, w. m., _evil-doer, criminal_: nom. pl. mān-for-dǣdlan, 563.

mān-scaða, w. m., _mischievous, hurtful foe, hostis nefastus_: nom. sg. 713, 738, 1340; mān-sceaða, 2515.

māra (comp. of micel), adj., _greater, stronger, mightier_: nom. sg. m. māra, 1354, 2556; neut. māre, 1561; acc. sg. m. māran, 2017; mund-gripe māran (_a mightier hand-grip_), 754; with following gen. pl. māran ... eorla (_a more powerful earl_), 247; fem. māran, 533, 1012; neut. māre, 518; with gen. pl. morð-beala māre _(more, greater, deeds of murder_), 136; gen. sg. f. māran, 1824.

mǣst (superl. of micel, māra), _greatest, strongest_: nom. sg. neut. (with partitive gen.), mǣst, 78, 193; fem. mǣst, 2329; acc. sg. fem. fǣhðe mǣste, 459; mǣste ... worolde wynne (_the highest earthly pleasure_), 1080; neut. n. (with partitive gen.) mǣst mǣrða, 2646; hond-wundra mǣst, 2769; bǣl-fȳra mǣst, 3144; instr. sg. m. mǣste cræfte, 2182.

mæcg. See mecg.

mægð, st. f., _wife, maid, woman_: nom. sg., 3017; gen. pl. mægða hōse (_accompanied by her maids of honor_), 925; mægða, 944, 1284.

mægen, st. n.: 1) _might, bodily strength, heroic power_: acc. sg. mægen, 518, 1707; instr. sg. mægene, 780(?), 2668; gen. sg. mægenes, 418, 1271, 1535, 1717, etc.; mægnes, 671, 1762; mægenes strang, strengest (_great in strength_), 1845, 196; mægenes rōf (id.), 2085.--2) _prime, flower_ (of a nation), _forces available in war_: acc. sg. swā hē oft (i.e. etan) dyde mægen Hrēðmanna (_the best of the Hreðmen_), 445; gen. sg. wið manna hwone mægenes Deniga (_from(?) any of the men of the Danes_), 155.--Comp. ofer-mægen.

mægen-āgend, pres. part., _having great strength, valiant_: gen. pl. -āgendra, 2838.

mægen-byrðen, st. f., _huge burthen_: acc. sg. mægen-byrðenne, 3092; dat. (instr.) sg., 1626.

mægen-cræft, st. m., _great, hero-like, strength_: acc. sg., 380.

mægen-ellen, st. n. (the same), acc. sg., 660.

mægen-fultum, st. m., _material aid_: gen. pl. næs þæt þonne mǣtost mægen-fultuma (_that was not the least of strong helps_, i.e. the sword Hrunting), 1456.

mægen-rǣs, st. m., _mighty attack, onslaught_: acc. sg., 1520.

mægen-strengo, st. f., _main strength, heroic power_: acc. sg., 2679.

mægen-wudu, st. m., _might-wood_, i.e. the spear, lance: acc. sg., 236.

mæst, st. m., _mast_: nom. sg., 1899; dat. sg. be mæste (_beside the mast_), 36; _to the mast_, 1906.

mǣðum. See māðum, hyge-mǣðum.

mǣg, st. m., _kinsman by blood_: nom. sg. mǣg, 408, 738, 759, 814, 915, 1531, 1945, etc; (_brother_), 468, 2605? acc. sg. mǣg (_son_), 1340; (_brother_), 2440, 2485, 2983; dat. sg. mǣge, 1979; gen. sg. mǣges, 2629, 2676, 2699, 2880; nom. pl. māgas, 1016; acc. pl. māgas, 2816; dat. pl. māgum, 1179, 2615, 3066; (_to brothers_), 1168; mǣgum, 2354; gen. pl. māga, 247, 1080, 1854, 2007, 2743.--Comp.: fæderen-, hēafod-, wine-mǣg.

mǣg-burh, st. f., _borough of blood-kinsmen, entire population united by ties of blood_; (in wider sense) _race, people, nation_: gen. sg. lond-rihtes ... þǣre mǣg-burge (_of land possessions among the people_, i.e. of the Gēatas), 2888.

mǣgð, st. f., _race, people_: acc. sg. mǣgðe, 1012; dat. sg. mǣgðe, 75; dat. pl. mǣgðum, 5; gen. pl. mǣgða, 25, 1772.

mǣg-wine, st. m., _blood kinsman, friend_, 2480 (nom. pl.).

mǣl, st. n.: l) _time, point of time_: nom. sg. 316; þā wæs sǣl and mǣl (_there was_ [appropriate] _chance and time_), 1009; acc. sg. mǣl, 2634; instr. pl. ǣrran mǣlum, 908, 2238, 3036; gen. pl. mǣla, 1250; sǣla and mǣla, 1612; mǣla gehwylce (_each time, without intermission_), 2058.--2) _sword, weapon_: nom. sg. brōden (brogden) mǣl (_the drawn sword_), 1617, 1668 (cf. Grimm, Andreas and Elene, p. 156).--3) _mole, spot, mark_.--Comp.: grǣg-, hring-, sceaðen-, wunden-mǣl.

mǣl-cearu, st. f., _long-continued sorrow, grief_: acc. sg. mǣl-ceare, 189.

mǣl-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, appointed time_: acc. pl. ie on earde bād mǣl-gesceafta (_awaited the time allotted for me by fate_), 2738.

mǣnan, w. v., with acc. in the sense of (1) _to remember, mention, proclaim_: inf. mǣnan, 1068; pret. part. þǣr wæs Bēowulfes mǣrðo mǣned, 858.--2) _to mention sorrowfully, mourn_: inf. 3173; pret. sg. giohðo mǣnde (_mourned sorrowfully_), 2268; pret. pl. mǣndon, 1150, 3150.

ge-mǣnan (see mān), w. v. with acc., _to injure maliciously, break_: subj. pret. pl. ge-mǣnden, 1102.

ge-mǣne, adj., _common, in common_: nom. sg. gemǣne, 2474; þǣr unc hwīle wæs hand gemǣne (i.e. in battle), 2138; sceal ūrum þæt sweord and helm bām gemǣne (i.e. wesan), 2661; nom. pl. gemǣne, 1861; dat. pl. þæt þām folcum sceal ... sib gemǣnum (attraction for gemǣne, i.e. wesan), 1858; gen. pl. unc sceal (i.e. wesan) fela māðma gemǣnra (_we two shall share many treasures together_), 1785.

mǣrðu, st. f.: 1) _glory, a heroes fame_: nom. sg. 858; acc. sg. mǣrðo, 660, 688; acc. pl. mǣrða, 2997; instr. pl. mǣrðum (_gloriously_), 2515: gen. pl. mǣrða, 504, 1531.--2) _deed of glory, heroism_: acc. sg. mǣrðo, 2135; gen. pl. mǣrða, 408, 2646.--Comp. ellen-mǣrðu.

mǣre, adj., _memorable; celebrated, noble; well known, notorious_: nom. sg. m. mǣre, 103, 129, 1716, 1762; se mǣra, 763, 2012, 2588; also as vocative m. se mǣra, 1475; nom. fem. mǣru, 2017; mǣre, 1953; neut. mǣre, 2406; acc. sg. m. mǣrne, 36, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2789, 3099; neut. mǣre, 1024; dat. sg. mǣrum, 345, 1302, 1993, 2080, 2573; tō þǣm mǣran, 270; gen. sg. mǣres, 798; mǣran, 1730; nom. pl. mǣre, 3071; superl. mǣrost, 899,--Comp.: fore-, heaðo-mǣre.

mǣst. See māra.

mǣte, adj., _moderate, small_: superl. nom. sg. mǣtost, 1456.

mecg, mæcg, st. m., _son, youth, man_. in comp. hilde-, ōret-mecg, wræc-mæcg.

medla. See on-medla.

medu, st. m., _mead_: acc. sg. medu, 2634; dat. sg. tō medo, 605.

medo-ærn, st. n., _mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-ærn (Heorot), 69.

medu-benc, st. f., _mead-bench, bench in the mead-hall_: nom. sg. medu-benc, 777; dat. sg. medu-bence, 1053; medo-bence, 1068, 2186; meodu-bence, 1903.

medu-drēam, st. m., _mead-joy, joyous carousing during mead-drinking_: acc. sg. 2017.

medo-ful, st. n., _mead-cup_: acc. sg. 625, 1016.

medo-heal, st. f., _mead-hall_: nom. sg., 484; dat. sg. meodu-healle, 639.

medu-scenc, st. m., _mead-can, vessel_: instr. pl. meodu-scencum, 1981.

medu-seld, st. n., _mead-seat, mead-house_: acc. sg., 3066.

medo-setl, st. n., _mead-seat upon which one sits mead-drinking_: gen. pl. meodo-setla, 5.

medo-stīg, st. f., _mead-road, road to the mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-stīg, 925.

medo-wang, st. m., _mead-field_ (where the mead-hall stood): acc. pl. medo-wongas, 1644.

meðel, st. n., _assembly, council_: dat. sg. on meðle, 1877.

meðel-stede, st. m., (properly _place of speech, judgment-seat_), here _meeting-place, battle-field_ (so, also 425, the battle is conceived under the figure of a parliament or convention): dat. sg. on þǣm meðel-stede, 1083.

meðel-word, st. n., _words called forth at a discussion; address_: instr. pl. meðel-wordum, 236.

melda, w. m., _finder, informer, betrayer_: gen. sg. þæs meldan, 2406.

meltan, st. v. intrans., _to consume by fire, melt or waste away_: inf., 3012; pret. sg. mealt, 2327; pl. multon, 1121.

ge-meltan, the same: pret. sg. gemealt, 898, 1609, 1616; ne gemealt him se mōd-sefa (_his courage did not desert him_), 2629.

men. See man.

mene, st. m., _neck ornament, necklace, collar_: acc. sg., 1200.

mengan, w. v., _to mingle, unite, with_, w. acc. of thing: inf. sē þe mere-grundas mengan scolde, 1450.

ge-mengan, _to mix with, commingle_: pret. part. 849, 1594.

menigu, st. f., _multitude, many_: nom. and acc. sg. māðma menigeo (_multitude of treasures, presents_), 2144; so, mænigo, 41.

mercels, st. m., _mark, aim_: gen. sg. mercelses, 2440.

mere, st. m., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg. se mere, 1363; acc. sg. on mere, 1131, 1604; on nicera mere, 846; dat. sg. fram mere, 856.

mere-dēor, st. n., _sea-beast_: acc. sg., 558.

mere-fara, w. m., _seafarer_: gen. sg. mere-faran, 502.

mere-fix, st. m., _sea-fish_: gen. pl. mere-fixa (_the whale_, cf. 540, 549.

mere-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom_: acc. sg., 2101; acc. pl. mere-grundas, 1450.

mere-hrægl, st. n., _-sea-garment_, i.e., sail: gen. pl. mere-hrægla sum, 1906.

mere-līðend, pres. part., _moving on the sea, sailor_: nom. pl. mere-līðende, 255.

mere-strǣt, st. f., _sea-street, way over the sea_: acc. pl. mere-strǣta 514.

mere-strengo, st. f., _sea-power, strength in the sea_: acc. sg., 533.

mere-wīf, st. n., _sea-woman, mer-woman_: acc. sg. (of Grendel's mother), 1520.

mergen. See morgen.

met, st. n., _thought, intention_ (cf. metian = meditari): acc. pl. onsǣl meoto, 489 (meaning doubtful; see Bugge, Journal 8, 292; Dietrich, Haupt's Zeits. 11, 411; Körner, Eng. Stud. 2, 251).

ge-met, st. n., _an apportioned share; might, power, ability _: nom. sg. nis þæt ... gemet mannes nefne mīn ānes (_nobody, myself excepted, can do that_), 2534; acc. sg. ofer mīn gemet (_beyond my power_), 2880; dat. sg. mid gemete, 780.

ge-met, adj., _well-measured, meet, good_: nom. sg. swā him gemet þince (þūhte), (_as seemed meet to him_), 688, 3058. See un-gemete, adv.

metan, st. v., _to measure, pass over_ or _along_: pret. pl. fealwe strǣte mēarum mǣton (_measured the yellow road with their horses_), 918; so, 514, 1634.

ge-metan, the same: pret. sg. medu-stīg gemæt.(_measured, walked over, the road to the mead-hall_), 925.

metod, st. m. (the measuring, arranging) _Creator, God_: nom. sg., 110, 707, 968, 1058, 2528; scīr metod, 980; sōð metod, 1612; acc. sg. metod, 180; dat. sg. metode, 169, 1779; gen. sg. metodes, 671.--Comp. eald-metod.

metod-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _the Creator's determination, divine purpose, fate_: acc. sg. -sceaft, 1078.--2) _the Creators glory_: acc. sg. metod-sceaft sēon (i.e. die), 1181; dat. sg. tō metod-sceafte, 2816.

mēce, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg., 1939; acc. sg. mēce, 2048; brādne mēce, 2979; gen. sg. mēces, 1766, 1813, 2615, 2940; dat. pl. instr. mēcum, 565; gen. pl. mēca, 2686.--Comp.: beado-, hæft-, hilde-mēce.

mēd, st. f., _meed, reward_: acc. sg. mēde, 2135; dat. sg. mēde, 2147; gen. pl. mēda, 1179.

ge-mēde, st. n., _approval, permission_ (Grein): acc. pl. ge-mēdu, 247.

mēðe, adj., _tired, exhausted, dejected_: in comp. hyge-, sǣ-mēðe.

mētan, w. v., _to meet, find, fall in with_: with acc., pret. pl. syððan Æscheres ... hafelan mētton, 1422; subj. pret. sg. þæt hē ne mētte ... on elran man mundgripe māran (_that he never met, in any other man, with a mightier hand-grip_), 752.

ge-mētan, with acc., the same: pret. sg. gemētte, 758, 2786; pl. næs þā long tō þon, þæt þā āglǣcean hȳ eft gemētton (_it was not long after that the warriors again met each other_), 2593.

ge-mēting, st. f., _meeting, hostile coming together_: nom. sg., 2002.

mēagol, adj., _mighty, immense; formal, solemn_: instr. pl. mēaglum wordum, 1981.

mearc, st. f., _frontier, limit, end_: dat. sg. tō mearce (_the end of life_), 2385.--Comp. Weder-mearc, 298.

ge-mearc, st. n., _measure, distance_: comp. fōt-, mīl-ge-mearc.

mearcian, w. v., _to mark, stain_: pres. ind. sg. mearcað mōrhopu (_will stain, mark, the moor with the blood of the corpse_), 450.

ge-mearcian, the same: pret. part. (Cain) morðre gemearcod (_murder-marked_ [cf. 1 Book Mos. IV. 15]), 1265; swā wæs on þǣm scennum ... gemearcod ... hwām þæt sweord geworht wǣre (_engraved for whom the sword had been wrought_), 1696.

mearc-stapa, w. m., _march-strider, frontier-haunter_ (applied to Grendel and his mother): nom. sg., 103; acc. pl. mearc-stapan, 1349.

mearh, st. m., _horse, steed_: nom. pl. mēaras, 2164; acc. pl. mēaras, 866, 1036; dat. pl. inst. mēarum, 856, 918; mēarum and māðmum, 1049, 1899; gen. pl. mēara and māðma, 2167.

mearn. See murnan.

meodu. See medu.

meoto. See met.

meotud. See metod.

meowle, w. f., _maiden_: comp. geō-meowle.

micel, adj., _great, huge, long_ (of time): nom. sg. m., 129, 502; fem., 67, 146, 170; neut., 772; acc. sg. m. micelne, 3099; fem, micle, 1779, 3092; neut. micel, 270, 1168. The comp. māre must be supplied before þone in: medo-ærn micel ... (māre) þone yldo beam ǣfre ge-frūnon, 69; instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923; micle (_by much, much_); micle lēofre (_far dearer_), 2652; efne swā micle (lǣssa), (_[less] even by so much_), 1284; oftor micle (_much oftener_), 1580; dat. sg, weak form miclan, 2850; gen. sg. miclan, 979. The gen. sg. micles is an adv. = _much, very_: micles wyrðne gedōn (_deem worthy of much_, i.e. honor very highly), 2186; tō fela micles (_far too much, many_), 695; acc. pl. micle, 1349. Compar., see māra.

mid, I. prep. w. dat., instr., and acc., signifying preëminently _union, community, with_, hence: 1) w. dat.: a) _with, in company, community, with_; mid Finne, 1129; mid Hrōðgāre, 1593; mid scip-herge, 243; mid gesīðum (_with his comrades_), 1314; so, 1318, 1964, 2950, etc.; mid his frēo-drihtne, 2628; mid þǣm lācum (_with the gifts_), 1869; so, 2789, 125; mid hǣle (_with good luck!_), 1218; mid bǣle fōr (_sped off amid fire_), 2309. The prep. postponed: him mid (_with him, in his company_), 41; _with him_, 1626; ne wæs him Fitela mid (_was not with him_), 890. b) _with, among_: mid Gēatum (_among the Gēatas_), 195, 2193, 2624; mid Scyldingum, 274; mid Eotenum, 903; mid yldum (eldum), 77, 2612; mid him (_with, among, one another_), 2949. In temporal sense: mid ǣr-dæge (_at dawn_), 126.--2) _with, with the help of, through_, w. dat.: mid ār-stafum (_through his grace_), 317; so, 2379; mid grāpe (_with the fist_), 438; so, 1462, 2721; mid his hete-þoncum (_through his hatred_), 475; mid sweorde, 574; so, 1660, 2877; mid gemete (_through, by, his power_), 780; so, 1220, 2536, 2918; mid gōde (_with benefits_), 1185; mid hearme (_with harm, insult_), 1893; mid þǣre sorge (_with [through?] this sorrow_), 2469; mid rihte (_by rights_), 2057. With instr.: mid þȳ wīfe (_through [marriage with] the woman_), 2029.--3) w. acc., _with, in community, company, with_: mid his eorla gedriht, 357; so, 634, 663, 1673; mid hine, 880; mid mīnne gold-gyfan, 2653.

II. adv., mid, _thereamong, in the company_, 1643; _at the same time, likewise_, 1650.

middan-geard, st. m., _globe, earth_: acc. sg., 75, 1772; dat. sg. on middan-gearde, 2997; gen. sg. middan-geardes, 504, 752.

midde, w. f., _middle = medius_: dat. sg. on middan (_through the middle, in two_), 2706; gen. sg. (adv.) tō-middes (_in the midst_), 3142.

middel-niht, st. f., _midnight_: dat. pl. middel-nihtum, 2783, 2834.

miht, st. f., _might, power, authority_: acc. sg. þurh drihtnes miht (_through the Lord's help, power_), 941; instr. pl. selfes mihtum, 701.

mihtig, adj.: 1) _physically strong, powerful_: acc. sg. mihtig mere-dēor, 558; mere-wīf mihtig, 1520.--2) _possessing authority, mighty_: nom. sg. mihtig god, 702, 1717, 1726; dat. sg. mihtigan drihtne, 1399.--Comp.: æl-, fore-mihtig.

milde, adj., _kind, gracious, generous_: nom. sg. mōdes milde (_kind-hearted_), 1230; instr. pl. mildum wordum (_graciously_), 1173. Superl. nom. sg. worold-cyning mannum mildust (_a king most liberal to men_), 3183.

milts, st. f., _kindness, benevolence_: nom. sg., 2922.

missan, w. v. with gen., _to miss, err in_: pret. sg. miste mercelses (_missed the mark_), 2440.

missēre, st. n., _space of a semester, half a year_: gen. pl. hund missēra (_fifty winters_), 2734, 2210; generally, _a long period of time, season_, 1499, 1770; fela missēra, 153, 2621.

mist-hlið, st. n., _misty cliff, cloud-capped slope_: dat. pl. under mist-hleoðum, 711.

mistig, adj., _misty_: acc. pl. mistige mōras, 162.

mīl-gemearc, st. n., _measure by miles_: gen. sg. mīl-gemearces, 1363.

mīn: 1) poss. pron., _my, mine_, 255, 345, etc.; Hygelāc mīn (_my lord_, or _king, H._), 2435.--2) gen. sg. of pers. pron. ic, _of me_, 2085, 2534, etc.

molde, w. f., _dust; earth, field_: in comp. græs-molde.

mon. See man.

ge-mong. See ge-mang.

morð-bealu, st. n., _murder, deadly hale_ or _deed of murder_: gen. pl. morð-beala, 136.

morðor, st. n., _deed of violence, murder_: dat. instr. sg. morðre, 893, 1265, 2783; gen. sg. morðres, 2056; morðres scyldig (_guilty of murder_), 1684.

morðor-bed, st. n., _bed of death, murder-bed_: acc. sg. wæs þām yldestan ... morðor-bed strēd (_a bed of death was spread for the eldest_, i.e. through murder his death-bed was prepared), 2437.

morðor-bealu, st. n., _death-bale, destruction by murder_: acc. sg. morðor-bealo, 1080, 2743.

morðor-hete, st. m., _murderous hate_: gen. sg. þæs morðor-hetes, 1106.

morgen, morn, mergen, st. m., _morning, forenoon_; also _morrow_: nom. sg. morgen, 1785, 2125; (_morrow_), 2104; acc. sg. on morgen (_in the morning_), 838; dat. sg. on morgne, 2485; on mergenne, 565, 2940; gen. pl. morna gehwylce (_every morning_), 2451.

morgen-ceald, adj., _morning-cold, dawn-cold_: nom. sg. gār morgen-ceald (_spear chilled by the early air of morn_), 3023.

morgen-lang, adj., _lasting through the morning_: acc. sg. morgen-longne dæg (_the whole forenoon_), 2895.

morgen-lēoht, st. n., _morning-light_: nom. sg., 605, 918.

morgen-swēg, st. m., _morning-cry, cry at morn_: nom. sg., 129.

morgen-tīd, st. f., _morning-tide_: acc. sg. on morgen-tīde, 484, 818(?)

morn. See morgen.

mōd, st. n.: 1) _heart, soul, spirit, mood, mind, manner of thinking_: nom. sg., 50, 731; wǣfre mōd (_the flicker ing spirit, the fading breath_), 1151; acc. sg. on mōd (_into his mind_), 67; dat. instr. sg. mōde geþungen (_of mature, lofty spirit_), 625; on mōde (_in heart, mind_), 754, 1845, 2282? 2528; on hrēoum mōde (_fierce of spirit_), 2582; gen. sg. modes, 171, 811, 1707; modes blīðe (_gracious-minded, kindly disposed_), 436; so, mōdes milde, 1230; mōdes sēoce (_depressed in mind_), 1604.--2) _boldness, courage_: nom. and acc. sg., 1058, 1168. 3) _passion, fierceness_: nom. sg., 549.--Comp. form adj.: galg-, geōmor-, glæd-, gūð-, hrēoh-, sārig-, stīð-, swīð-, wērig-, yrre-mōd.

mōd-cearu, st. f., _grief of heart_: acc. sg. mōd-ceare, 1993, 3150.

mōd-gehygd, st. f ., _thought of the heart; mind_: instr. pl. mōd-gehygdum, 233

mōd-ge-þanc, st. n., _mood-thought, meditation_: acc. sg. mōd-ge-þonc, 1730.

mōd-giōmor, adj., _grieved at heart, dejected_: nom. sg., 2895.

mōdig, adj., _courageous_: nom. sg., 605, 1644, 1813, 2758; hē þæs (þǣm, MS.) mōdig wæs (_had the courage for it_), 1509; se mōdega, 814; dat. sg. mid þām mōdigan, 3012; gen. sg. mōdges, 502; mōdiges, 2699; Gēata lēod georne truwode mōdgan mægnes (_trusted firmly in his bold strength_), 671; nom. pl. mōdge, 856; mōdige, 1877; gen. pl. mōdigra, 312, 1889.--Comp, fela-mōdig.

mōdig-līc, adj., _of bold appearance_: compar. acc. pl. mōdiglīcran, 337.

mōd-lufe, w. f., _hearts affection, love_: gen. sg. þīnre mōd-lufan, 1824.

mōd-sefa, w. m., _thought of the heart; brave, bold temper; courage_: nom. sg., 349, 1854, 2629; acc. sg. mōd-sefan, 2013; dat. sg. mōd-sefan, 180.

mōd-þracu, st. f., _boldness, courage, strength of mind_: dat. sg. for his mōd-þræce, 385.

mōdor, f., _mother_: nom. sg., 1259, 1277, 1283, 1684, 2119; acc. sg. mōdor, 1539, 2140, 2933.

mōna, w. m., _moon_: gen. sg. mōnan, 94.

mōr, st. m., _moor, morass, swamp_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan mōr, 1406; dat. sg. of mōre, 711; acc. pl. mōras, 103, 162, 1349.

mōr-hop, st. n., _place of refuge in the moor, hiding-place in the swamp_: acc. pl. mōr-hopu, 450.

ge-mōt, st. n., _meeting_: in comp. hand-, torn-ge-mōt.

mōtan, pret.-pres. v.: 1) _power_ or _permission to have something, to be permitted; may, can_: pres. sg. I., III. mōt, 186, 442, 604; II. mōst, 1672; pl. mōton, 347, 365, 395; pres. subj. ic mōte, 431; III. sē þe mōte, 1388; pret sg. mōste, 168, 707, 736, 895, 1488, 1999, 2242, 2505, etc.; pl. mōston, 1629, 1876, 2039, 2125, 2248; pres. subj. sg. II. þæt þū hine selfne gesēon mōste (_mightest see_), 962.--2) _shall, must, be obliged_: pres. sg. mōt, 2887; pret. sg. mōste, 1940; þǣr hē þȳ fyrste forman dōgore wealdan mōste, swā him Wyrd ne gescrāf, hrēð æt hilde (_if he must for the first time that day be victorious, as Fate had denied him victory_, cf. 2681, 2683 seqq.), 2575.

ge-munan, pret.-pres. v., _to have in mind, be mindful; remember, think of_, w. acc.: pres. sg. hine gearwe geman witena wēl-hwylc (_each of the knowing ones still remembers him well_), 265; ic þē þæs lēan geman (_I shall not forget thy reward for this_), 1221; ic þæt eall gemon (_I remember all that_), 2428; so, 1702, 2043; gif hē þæt eall gemon hwæt ... (_if he is mindful of all that which_ ...), 1186; ic þæt mǣl gemon hwǣr... (_I remember the time when_...), 2634; pret. sg. w. gemunde... ǣfen-sprǣce (_recalled his evening speech_), 759; so, 871, 1130, 1260, 1271, 1291, 2115, 2432, 2607, 2679; sē þæs lēod-hryres lēan ge-munde (_was mindful of reward for the fall of the ruler_), 2392; þæt hē Eotena bearn inne gemunde (_that he in this should remember, take vengeance on, the children of the Eotens_), 1142; so, hond gemunde fǣhðo genōge (_his hand remembered strife enough_), 2490; ne ge-munde mago Ecglāfes þæt ... (_remembered not that which_ ...), 1466; pret. pl. helle gemundon in mōd-sefan (_their thoughts_ [as heathens] _fixed themselves on, remembered, hell_), 179.

on-munan, w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to admonish, exhort_: pret. sg. onmunde ūsic mǣrða (_exhorted us to deeds of glory_), 2641.

mund, st. f., _hand_: instr. pl. mundum, mid mundum, 236, 514, 1462, 3023, 3092.

mund-bora, w. m., _protector, guardian, preserver_: nom. sg., 1481, 2780.

mund-gripe, st. m., _hand-grip, seizure_: acc. sg. mund-gripe, 754; dat. sg. mund-gripe, 380, 1535; æfter mund-gripe (_after having seized the criminal_), 1939.

murnan, st. v., _to shrink from, be afraid of, avoid_: pret. sg. nō mearn fore fǣhðe and fyrene, 136; so, 1538; nalles for ealdre mearn (_was not apprehensive for his life_), 1443.--2) _to mourn, grieve_: pres. part. him wæs ... murnende mōd, 50; pres. subj., þonne hē fela murne (_than that he should mourn much_), 1386.

be-murnan, be-meornan, with acc., _to mourn over_: pret. be-mearn, 908, 1078.

murn-līce. See un-murn-līce.

mūð-bana, w. m., _mouth-destroyer_: dat. sg. tō mūð-bonan (of Grendel because he bit his victim to death), 2080.

mūða, w. m., _mouth, entrance_: acc. sg. recedes mūðan (_mouth of the house, door_), 725.

ge-mynd, st. f., _memory, memorial, remembrance_: dat. pl. tō gemyndum, 2805, 3017. See weorð-mynd.

myhdgian, w. v., _to call to mind, remember_: pres. sg. myndgað, 2058; pres. part. w. gen. gif þonne Frēsna hwylc ... þæs morðor-hetes myndgiend wǣre (_were to call to mind the bloody feud_), 1106.

ge-myndgian, w. v. w. acc., _to remember_: bið gemyndgad ... eaforan ellor-sīð (_is reminded of his son's decease_), 2451.

ge-myndig, adj., _mindful_: nom. sg. w. gen., 614, 869, 1174, 1531, 2083, etc.

myne, st. m.: 1) _mind, wish_: nom. sg., 2573.--2) _love_(?): nē his myne wisse (_whose_ [God's] _love he knew not_), 169.

ge-mynian, w. v. w. acc., _to be mindful of_: imper. sg. gemyne mǣrðo! 660.

myntan, w. v., _to intend, think of, resolve_: pret. sg. mynte ... manna cynnes sumne besyrwan (_meant to entrap all_(?) [see sum], _some one of (?), the men_), 713; mynte þæt hē gedǣlde ... (_thought to sever_), 732; mynte se mǣra, þǣr hē meahte swā, wīdre gewindan (_intended to flee_), 763.

myrce, adj., _murky, dark_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan mōr, 1406.

myrð, st. f., _joy, mirth_: dat. (instr.) sg. mōdes myrðe, 8n.

N

naca, w. m., _vessel, ship_: acc. sg. nacan, 295; gen. sg. nacan, 214.--Comp.: hring-, ȳð-naca.

nacod, adj., _naked_: nom. and acc. sg. swurd, gūð-bill nacod, 539, 2586; nacod nīð-draca, 2274.

nalas, nales, nallas. See nealles.

nama, w. m., _name_: nom. sg. Bēowulf is mīn nama, 343; wæs þǣm hæft-mēce Hrunting nama, 1458; acc. sg. scōp him Heort naman (_gave it the name Hart_), 78.

nā (from ne-ā), strength, negative, _never, not all_, 445, 567, 1537.

nāh, from ne-āh. See āgan.

nān (from ne-ān), indef. pron., _none, no_: with gen. pl. gūð-billa nān, 804; adjectively, nān ... īren ǣrgōd, 990.

nāt, from ne-wāt: _I know not=nescio_. See witan.

nāt-hwylc (nescio quis, ne-wāt-hwylc, _know not who, which_, etc.), indef. pron., _any, a certain one, some or other_: 1) w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. gumena nāt-hwylc, 2234;. gen. sg. nāt-hwylces (þāra banena), 2054; niða nāt-hwylces(?), 2216; nāt-hwylces hæleða bearna, 2225.--2) adjectively: dat. sg. in nið-sele nāt-hwylcum, 1514.

næbben, from ne-hæbben (subj. pres.). See habban.

næfne. See nefne.

nægel, st. m., _nail_: gen. pl. nægla (of the finger-nails), 986.

nægled, part., _nailed?, nail-like?, buckled?_: acc. sg. neut. nægled (MS. gled) sinc, 2024.

næs, st. m., _naze, rock projecting into the sea, cliff, promontory_: acc. sg. næs, 1440, 1601, 2899; dat. sg. næsse, 2244, 2418; acc. pl. windige næssas, 1412; gen. pl. næssa, 1361.

næs, from ne-wæs (_was not_). See wesan.

næs, neg. adv., _not, not at all_, 562, 2263.

næs-hlið, st. n., _declivity, slope of a promontory that sinks downward to the sea_: dat. pl. on næs-hleoðum, 1428.

nǣfre, adv., _never_, 247, 583, 592, 656, 719, 1042, 1049, etc.; also strengthened by ne: nǣfre ne, 1461.

ge-nǣgan, w. v. w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to attack, press_; pret. pl. nīða genǣgdan nefan Hererīces (_in combats pressed hard upon H.'s nephew_), 2207; pret. part. wearð ... nīða genǣged, 1440.

nǣnig (from ne-ǣnig), pron., _not any, none, no_: 1) substantively w. gen. pl.: nom. sg., 157, 242, 692; dat. sg. nǣnegum, 599; gen. pl. nǣnigra, 950.--2) adjectively: nom. sg. ōðer nǣnig, 860; nǣnig wæter, 1515; nǣnig ... dēor, 1934; acc. sg. nǣnigne ... hord-māððum, 1199.

nǣre, from ne-wǣre (_were not, would not be_). See wesan.

ne, simple neg., _not_, 38, 50, 80, 83, 109, etc.; before imper. ne sorga! 1385; ne gȳm! 1761, etc. Doubled =_certainly not, not even that_: nē gē ... gearwe ne wisson (_ye certainly have not known_, etc.), 245; so, 863; ne ic ... wihte ne wēne (_nor do I at all in the least expect_), 2923; so, 182. Strengthened by other neg.: nōðer ... ne, 2125; swā hē ne mihte nō ... (_so that he absolutely could not_), 1509.

nē ... nē, _not ... and not, nor; neither ... nor_, 154-157, 511, 1083-1085, etc. Another neg. may supply the place of the first ne: so, nō ... ne, 575-577, 1026-1028, 1393-1395, etc.; nǣfre ... ne, 583-584; nalles ... nē, 3016-3017. The neg. may be omitted the first time: ǣr nē siððan (_neither before nor after, before nor since_), 719; sūð nē norð (_south nor north_), 859; ādl nē yldo (_neither illness nor old age_), 1737; wordum nē worcum (_neither by word nor deed_), 1101; wiston and ne wēndon (_knew not and weened not_), 1605.

nefa, w. m., _nephew, grandson_: nom. sg. nefa (_grandson_), 1204; so, 1963; (_nephew_), 2171; acc. sg. nefan (_nephew_), 2207; dat. sg. nefan (_nephew_), 882.

nefne, næfne, nemne (orig. from ne-gif-ne): 1) subj.: a) with depend. clause = _unless_: nefne him wītig god wyrd forstōde (_if fate, the wise God, had not prevented him_), 1057; nefne god sylfa ... sealde (_unless God himself_, etc.), 3055; næfne him his wlite lēoge (MS. nǣfre) (_unless his face belie him_), 250; næfne hē wæs māra (_except that he was huger_), 1354; nemne him heaðo-byrne helpe ge-fremede, 1553; so, 2655.--b) w. follow. substantive = _except, save, only_: nefne sin-frēa (_except the husband_), 1935; ic lȳt hafo hēafod-māga nefne Hygelāc þec (_have no near kin but thee_), 2152; nis þæt ēower (gen. pl.) sīð ... nefne mīn ānes, 2534.--2) Prep. with dat., _except_: nemne fēaum ānum, 1082.

ge-nehost. See ge-neahhe.

nelle, from ne-wille (_I will not_). See willan.

nemnan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to name, call_: pres. pl. þone yldestan ōret-mecgas Bēowulf nemnað (_the warriors call the most distinguished one Bēowulf_), 364; so inf. nemnan, 2024; pret. pl. nemdon, 1355.--2) _to address_, as in

be-nemnan, _to pronounce solemnly, put under a spell_: pret. sg. Fin Hengeste ... āðum be-nemde þæt (_asserted, promised under oath that_ ...), 1098; pret. pl. swā hit oð dōmes dæg dīope benemdon þēodnas mǣre (_put under a curse_), 3070.

nemne. See nefne.

nerian, ge-nerian, w. v., _to save, rescue, liberate_: pres. sg. Wyrd oft nereð unfǣgne eorl, 573; pret. part. hæfde ... sele Hrōðgāres ge-nered wið nīðe (_saved from hostility_), 828.

ge-nesan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to remain over, be preserved_: pret. sg. hrōf āna genæs ealles ansund (_the roof alone was quite sound_), 1000.--2) w. acc., _to endure successfully, survive, escape from_: pret. sg. sē þā sæcce ge-næs, 1978; fela ic ... gūð-rǣsa ge-næs, 2427; pret. part. swā hē nīða gehwane genesen hæfde, 2398.

net, st. n., _net_: in comp. brēost-, here-, hring-, inwit-, searo-net.

nēdla, w. m., _dire necessity, distress_: in comp. þrēa-nēdla.

nēðan (G. nanþjan), w. v., _to venture, undertake boldly_: pres. part. nearo nēðende (_encountering peril_), 2351; pret. pl. þǣr git ... on dēop water aldrum nēðdon (_where ye two risked your lives in the deep water_), 510; so, 538.

ge-nēðan, the same: inf. ne dorste under ȳða gewin aldre ge-nēðan, 1470. With depend. clause: nǣnig þæt dorste genēðan þæt (_none durst undertake to_ ...), 1934; pret. sg. hē under hārne stān āna genēðde frēcne dǣde (_he risked alone the bold deed, venturing under the grey rock_), 889; (ic) wigge under wætere weorc genēðde earfoð-līce (_I with difficulty stood the work under the water in battle_, i.e. could hardly win the victory), 1657; ic genēðde fela gūða (_ventured on, risked, many contests_), 2512; pres. pl. (of majesty) wē ... frēcne genēðdon eafoð uncūðes (_we have boldly risked, dared, the monster's power_), 961.

nēh. See nēah.

ge-neahhe, adv., _enough, sufficiently_, 784, 3153; superl. genehost brægd eorl Bēowulfes ealde lāfe (_many an earl of B.'s_), 795.

nealles (from ne-ealles), adv., _omnino non, not at all, by no means_: nealles, 2146, 2168, 2180, 2223, 2597, etc.; nallas, 1720, 1750; nalles, 338, 1019, 1077, 1443, 2504, etc.; nalas, 43, 1494, 1530, 1538; nales, 1812.

nearo, st. n., _strait, danger, distress_: acc. sg. nearo, 2351, 2595.

nearo, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. f. nearwe, 1410.

nearwe, adv., _narrowly_, 977.

nearo-cræft, st. m., _art of rendering difficult of access?, inaccessibility_ (see 2214 seqq.): instr. pl. nearo-cræftum, 2244.

nearo-fāh, m., _foe that causes distress, war-foe_: gen. sg. nearo-fāges, 2318.

nearo-þearf, st. f., _dire need, distress_: acc. sg. nearo-þearfe, 422.

ge-nearwian, w. v., _to drive into a corner, press upon_: pret. part. genearwod, 1439.

nēah, nēh: 1) adj., _near, nigh_: nom. sg. nēah, 1744, 2729. In superl. also = _last_: instr. sg. nȳhstan sīðe (_for the last time_), 1204; nīehstan sīðe, 2512.

2) adv., _near_: feor and (oððe) nēah, 1222, 2871; 3) prep, sǣ-grunde nēah,
564; so, 1925, 2243; holm-wylme nēh, 2412. Compar. nēar, 746.

nēan, adv., _near by, (from) close at hand_, 528; (neon, MS.), 3105; feorran and nēan, 840; nēan and feorran, 1175, 2318.

ge-nēat, st. m., _comrade, companion_: in comp. bēod-, heorð-genēat.

nioðor. See niðer.

neowol, adj., _steep, precipitous_: acc. pl. neowle, 1412.

nēod, st. f., _polite intercourse regulated by etiquette?, hall-joy?_: acc. sg. nīode, 2117; inst. (= _joy_), 2216.

nēod-laðu, st. f., _polite invitation; wish_: dat. sg. æfter nēod-laðu (_according to his wishes_), 1321.

nēosan, nēosian, w. v. w. gen., _to seek out, look for; to attack_: inf. nēosan, 125, 1787, 1792, 1807, 2075; nīosan, 2389, 2672; nēosian, 115, 1126; nīosian, 3046; pret. sg. nīosade, 2487.

nēotan, st. v., _to take, accept_, w. gen.; _to use, enjoy_: imper. sg. nēot, 1218.

be-nēotan, w. dat., _to rob, deprive of_: inf. hine aldre be-nēotan, 681; pret. sg. cyning ealdre bi-nēat (_deprived the king of life_), 2397.

nicor, st. m., _sea-horse, walrus, sea-monster_ (cf. Bugge in Zacher's Journal, 4, 197): acc. pl. niceras, 422, 575; nicras, 1428; gen. pl. nicera, 846.

nicor-hūs, st. n., _house_ or _den of sea-monsters_: gen. pl. nicor-hūsa, 1412.

nið st. m., _man, human being_: gen. pl. niðða, 1006; niða? (passage corrupt), 2216.

niðer, nyðer, neoðor, adv., _down, downward_: niðer, 1361; nioðor, 2700; nyðer, 3045.

nið-sele, st. m., _hall, room, in the deep_ (Grein): dat. sg. [in] nið-sele nāt-hwylcum, 1514.

nigen, num., _nine_: acc. nigene, 575.

niht, st. f. _night_: nom. sg., 115, 547. 650, 1321, 2117; acc. sg. niht, 135, 737, 2939; gystran niht (_yester-night_), 1335; dat. sg. on niht, 575, 684; on wanre niht, 703; gen. sg. nihtes hwīlum (_sometimes at night, in the hours of the night_), 3045; as adv. = _of a night, by night_, G. nachts, 422, 2274; dæges and nihtes, 2270; acc. pl. seofon niht (_se'nnight, seven days_, cf. Tac. Germ, 11), 517; dat. pl. sweartum nihtum, 167; deorcum nihtum, 275, 221; gen. pl. nihta, 545, 1366.--Comp.: middel-, sin-niht.

niht-bealu, st. n., _night-bale, destruction by night_: gen. pl. niht-bealwa, 193.

niht-helm, st. m., _veil_ or _canopy of night_: nom. sg., 1790.

niht-long, adj., _lasting through the night_: acc. sg. m. niht-longne fyrst (_space of a night_), 528.

niht-weorc, st. n., _night-work, deed done at night_: instr. sg. niht-weorce, 828.

niman, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to take, hold, seize, undertake_: pret. sg. nam þā mid handa hige-þīhtigne rinc, 747; pret. pl. wē . . . nīode nāman, 2117.--2) _to take, take away, deprive of_: pres. sg. sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_he whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 447; nymeð, 1847; nymeð nȳd-bāde, 599; subj. pres. gif mec hild nime, 452, 1482; pret. sg. ind. nam on Ongenþīo īren-byrnan, 2987; ne nom hē ... māðm-ǣhta mā (_he took no more of the rich treasures_), 1613; pret. part. þā wæs ... sēo cwēn numen (_the queen carried off_), 1154.

be-niman, _to deprive of_: pret. sg. oð þæt hine yldo benam mægenes wynnum (_till age bereft him of joy in his strength_), 1887.

for-niman, _to carry off_: pres. sg. þē þā dēað for-nam (_whom death carried off_), 488; so, 557, 696, 1081, 1124, 1206, 1437, etc. Also, dat. for acc.: pret. pl. him īrenna ecge fornāmon, 2829.

ge-niman: 1) _to take, seize_: pret. sg. (hine) be healse ge-nam (_clasped him around the neck, embraced him_), 1873.--2) _to take, take away_: pret. on reste genam þrītig þegna, 122; hēo under heolfre genam cūðe folme, 1303; segn ēac genom, 2777; þā mec sinca baldor ... æt mīnum fæder genam (_took me at my father's hands, adopted me_), 2430; pret. part. genumen, 3167.

ge-nip, st. n., _darkness, mist, cloud_: acc. pl. under næssa genipu, 1361; ofer flōda genipu, 2809.

nis, from ne-is (_is not_): see wesan.

nīwe, nīowe, adj., _new, novel; unheard-of_: nom. sg. swēg up ā-stāg nīwe geneahhe (_a monstrous hubbub arose_), 784; beorh ... nīwe (_a newly-raised(?) grave-mound_), 2244; acc. sg. nīwe sibbe (_the new kinship_), 950; instr. sg. nīwan stefne (properly, novā voce; here = de novo, iterum, _again_), 2595; nīowan stefne (_again_), 1790; gen. pl. nīwra spella (_new tidings_), 2899.

ge-nīwian, w. v., _to renew_: pret. part. ge-nīwod, 1304, 1323; genīwad, 2288.

nīw-tyrwed, pret. part., _newly-tarred_: acc. sg. nīw-tyrwedne (-tyrwydne, MS.) nacan, 295.

nīð, st. m., properly only _zeal, endeavor_; then _hostile endeavor, hostility, battle, war_: nom. sg., 2318; acc. sg. nīð, 184, 276; Wedera nīð (_enmity against the W., the sorrows of the Weders_), 423; dat. sg. wið (æt) nīðe, 828, 2586; instr. nīðe, 2681; gen. pl. nīða, 883, 2351, 2398, etc.; also instr. = _by, in, battle_, 846, 1440, 1963, 2171, 2207.--Comp.: bealo-, fǣr-, here-, hete-, inwit-, searo-, wæl-nīð.

nīð-draca, w. m., _battle-dragon_: nom. sg., 2274.

nīð-gast, st. m., _hostile alien, fell demon_: acc. sg. þone nīð-gæst (_the dragon_), 2700.

nīð-geweorc, st. n., _work of enmity, deed of evil_: gen. pl. -geweorca, 684.

nīð-grim, adj., _furious in battle, savage_: nom. sg., 193.

nīð-heard, adj., _valiant in war_: nom. sg., 2418.

nīð-hȳdig, adj., _eager for battle, valorous_: nom. pl. nīð-hȳdige men, 3167.

ge-nīðla, w. m., _foe, persecutor, waylayer_: in comp. ferhð-, feorh-genīðla.

nīð-wundor, st. n., _hostile wonder, strange marvel of evil_: acc. sg., 1366.

nīpan, st. v., _to veil, cover over, obscure_; pres. part. nīpende niht, 547, 650.

nolde, from ne-wolde (_would not_); see willan.

norð, adv., _northward_, 859.

norðan, adv., _from the north_, 547.

nose, w. f., _projection, cliff, cape_: dat. sg. of hlīðes nosan, 1893; æt brimes nosan, 2804.