Chapter XXIX: Sainte-Foy (1)

Strength of the French and English at the Battle of Ste.-Foy.

In the Public Record Office (America and West Indies, XCIX.) are preserved the tabular returns of the garrison of Quebec for 1759, 1760, sent by Murray to the War Office. They show the exact condition of each regiment, in all ranks, for every month of the autumn, winter, and spring. The return made out on the 24th of April, four days before the battle, shows that the total number of rank and file, exclusive of non-commissioned officers and drummers, was 6,808, of whom 2,612 were fit for duty in Quebec, and 654 at other places in Canada; that is, at Ste.-Foy, Old Lorette, and the other outposts. This gives a total of 3,266 rank and file fit for duty at or near Quebec; besides which there were between one hundred and two hundred artillerymen, and a company of rangers. This was Murray's whole available force at the time. Of the rest of the 6,808 who appear in the return, 2,299 were invalids at Quebec, and 669 in New York; 538 were on service in Halifax and New York, and 36 were absent on furlough. These figures nearly answer to the condensed statement of Fraser, and confirm the various English statements of the numbers that took part in the battle; namely, 3,140 (Knox), 3,000 (John Johnson), 3,111, and elsewhere, in round numbers, 3,000 (Murray). Lévis, with natural exaggeration, says 4,000. Three or four hundred were left in Quebec to guard the walls when the rest marched out.

I have been thus particular because a Canadian writer, Garneau, says: "Murray sortit de la ville le 28 au matin à la tête de toute la garnison, dont les seules troupes de la ligne comptaient encore 7,714 combattants, non compris les officiers." To prove this, he cites the pay-roll of the garrison; which, in fact, corresponds to the returns of the same date, if non-commissioned officers, drummers, and artillerymen are counted with the rank and file. But Garneau falls into a double error. He assumes, first, that there were no men on the sick list; and secondly, that there were none absent from Quebec; when in reality, as the returns show, considerably more than half were in one or the other of these categories. The pay-rolls were made out at the headquarters of each corps, and always included the entire number of men enlisted in it, whether sick or well, present or absent. On the same fallacious premises Garneau affirms that Wolfe, at the battle on the Plains of Abraham, had eight thousand soldiers, or a little less than double his actual force.

Having stated, as above, that Murray marched out of Quebec with at least 7,714 effective troops, Garneau, not very consistently, goes on to say that he advanced against Lévis with six thousand or seven thousand men; and he adds that the two armies were about equal, because Lévis had left some detachments behind to guard his boats and artillery. The number of the French, after they had all reached the field, was, in truth, about seven thousand; at the beginning of the fight it seems not to have exceeded five thousand. The Relation de la seconde Bataille de Québec says: "Notre petite armée consistoit au moment de l'action en 3,000 hommes de troupes reglées et 2,000 Canadiens ou sauvages." A large number of Canadians came up from Sillery while the affair went on; and as the whole French army, except the detachments mentioned by Garneau, had passed the night at no greater distance from the field than Ste.-Foy and Sillery, the last man must have reached it before the firing was half over.

INDEX

A.

Abenakis, the I. 23, 40, 209, 480; settled in Canada, I. 23; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 371, 372; called to a council of war by Montcalm, I. 485-489; position of the English at Fort William Henry, I. 499; the massacre at Fort William Henry (see William Henry, Fort), I. 510-513, II. 428-431; evidence concerning the massacre, I. 514 note; their conversion to Christianity, I. 514 note; seize the messengers of Amherst, II. 251; Rogers sent to destroy one of their towns, II. 251, 253-258 note; their cruelty, II. 253, 255; the St. Francis settlement, II. 253, 254; statistics of warriors at the siege of Quebec, II. 436, 437. Abercromby, General James, I. 165 note; to supersede Webb in command of the army, I. 383; to resign in favor of Earl Loudon, I. 383; arrives at Albany, I. 399; sends a letter of approbation to Rogers, I. 445; Loudon recalled from office, II. 48; succeeds Loudon in command, II. 48; to lead the expedition against Louisbourg, II. 48; Amherst prevented from co-operation with, II. 75; the rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 76, 77; Amherst plans to assist him at Lake George, II. 80; expedition led by, against Ticonderoga, II. 85-113 note; his camp at Lake George, II. 88; his leadership, II. 89, 240; number of his troops, II. 88, 89; his opinion of Lord Howe, II. 89; statistics of the expedition against Ticonderoga, II. 91, 92, 431-433; the passage of Lake George, II. 92-94; the army lost in the woods, II. 95; effect of the death of Lord Howe upon his army, II. 97, 98; the army reaches the Falls, II. 98, 99; statements concerning the French defences, II. 100, 101; different courses of action open to, II. 101, 102; the eve of battle, II. 103, 104; order of the assault, II. 105-107; his encounter with Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. 106-110; his retreat, II. 110, 111, 114, 115, 165, 238; his losses, II. 110, 432, 433; a disgraceful order sent to Colonel Cummings, II. 114; nickname given to, by the Provincials, II. 115; visited by the chaplains, II. 117; sends a war-party into the woods, II. 121-123; despatches Bradstreet to capture Fort Frontenac, II. 127; receives news of the fall of Fort Frontenac, II. 127; joined by Amherst, II. 129; Fort Frontenac dismantled, II. 129; his camp broken up, II. 130; neglects to assist Forbes's army, II. 157; Amherst's superior leadership, II. 240; his letter to Pitt, II. 432. Abraham an Indian, I. 174. Abraham Martin, his name given to the Heights of Abraham, II. 289. Abraham, the Heights of, II. 259, 408, 438-441; Wolfe discovers a path ascending the cliff, II. 272, 273; general belief in the safety of the heights, II. 275, 276; ascent of the troops under Wolfe's direction, II. 281, 287; statistics concerning Wolfe's army, and the action upon, II. 438-441. Abraham, the Plains of, II. 200, 298 note, 327, 357; inaccessibility of, II. 260; Guienne's troops not at their post, II. 285; origin of the name, and description of, II. 289; the fall of Quebec, II. 302-324, 325 note, 326 note, 444. Acadia, I. 178, 486; population of, I. 20, 94, 124, 264, 284; attacks made on New England, I. 28; questions of boundary, I. 90, 122-128, 184, 236-238, 259; conquest of, by Nicholson in 1710, I. 90; conditions of residence for French subjects, I. 90, 91; conflict for, I. 90-127; English power in, I. 92; the naval station at Chebucto, I. 92, 93; ceded to England by France, I. 93, 94; determination of the French to recover it, I. 93-95; six principal parishes of, I. 94; documents on the affairs of, I. 94-96; religion, priests, and government of, I. 94, 99, 100, 107, 259, 260; attention given by Count Raymond to the affairs of, I. 102; wretched condition of the emigrants from, I. 109, 110; Joseph Le Loutre, the vicar-general of, I. 113; Beaubassin occupied by the English, I. 115-120; emigration encouraged by the French, I. 116; the question of French or English ownership, I. 123, 124, 184, 236, 239, II. 405; need of communication between Quebec and Cape Breton, I. 123; the census of, I. 124; expedition against, to be led by Lieutenant-Colonel Monckton, I. 194; sad condition of the people of, I. 234, 235; the French use the inhabitants to carry on their war-parties, I. 235; questions of policy for the French and English in Acadia, I. 236-241; probability of French invasion, I. 237; importance of her harbors, I. 237; arrival of the English troops, I. 246, 247; conditions leading to the expulsion of the inhabitants from, I. 253-266; removal of the inhabitants from their homes, I. 255, 266-284; encampment of the New England troops, I. 269, 270; tour of inspection made by Winslow, I. 271; arrival of the vessels of transport at Nova Scotia, I. 276; arrival of Saul with provisions, I. 278, 279; embarkation of the Acadians, I. 279-281; return of a portion of the exiles, I. 283; the act of expatriation criticised, I. 284; families of British stock settle in, I. 284; capture of forts by the English, I. 328; plans of Vaudreuil for conquest, II. 178. Acadians, the I. 93; religious privileges accorded to, by the treaty of Utrecht, I. 91, 256; required to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 91, 92, 235, 260; influence of the French upon, I. 91, 93-124, 235-237, 242-245; their religion, I. 91, 95, 259, 260, 281; their hostility to the English encouraged by the French priests, I. 91, 98-107, 109, 113, 114, 121, 122, 235, 236, 238, 257, 259, 260, 262, 264, II. 419-421; the war of 1745, I. 92; form of the oath of allegiance, I. 92 note, 265; their condition and numbers from 1748 to 1752, I. 93, 94; official papers relating to, I. 94-96; taught to love France, and to call themselves French subjects, I. 94, 235, 237, 243, 245, 253, 257; treatment received from the English, and mildness of their rule, I. 95-97, 235, 236, 261, II. 418, 419; quotations from Roma, alluding to, I. 96, 97; their fear of the Indians, I. 96, 108, 114, 235; join the Indian war-parties of the French against the English, I. 97, 103, 104, 262, 264, 275, II. 419-421; their neutrality, I. 97, 258; their oath of allegiance to be made more binding, I. 97, 98; deputies sent to meet Cornwallis at Halifax, I. 97, 98; their refusal to take an unqualified oath of allegiance to George II., I. 97, 98; promise good behavior and a reasonable compliance, I. 98; order of Cornwallis issued to, concerning the oath, I. 98, 99; plans of the French to recover their possessions, I. 98-100; their covert war, I. 99-105; advised by Desherbiers and others to refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 101, 106; letters from French officials showing their secret work against the English, I. 101; encouraged by the French to emigrate to French lands, I. 102, 108-110; testimony of Prévost concerning, I. 105; cruelly and dishonorably treated by the priest Le Loutre, I. 108-110, 113-122, 235-238, 242-245, II. 420, 421; wretchedness of the emigrants after leaving their English farms, I. 109, 110, 119, 120-122, 235-238, 243-245, 265, 266; speech of Cornwallis to the deputies, I. 110, 111, 112; treatment received from Hopson, I. 112, 113; French method of terrifying, by using the Micmacs, I. 113, 114; occupation of Beaubassin by the English, I. 115-120; disaffection among, I. 116; forcibly removed by the French from Beaubassin, and obliged to live on French ground, I. 116; the murder of Captain Howe, I. 118, 119; a French fort to be built on Beauséjour, I. 119, 120; ordered to swear allegiance to France, I. 120, 121; contest between French and English, I. 120-122; proclamation of Lawrence concerning, I. 121; absurd demands of Le Loutre, I. 121; a portion of the inhabitants cross the French lines, I. 121; their suffering inside the French lines, I. 121, 122, 244, 245; plans of Shirley to send away from Acadia all French settlers, 234, 257; a portion of the people transported to French settlements, I. 235, 235 note; fears of the English, I. 239-241; supplies sent to the emigrants, I. 242; their supplies stolen by the officials, I. 242; plans of Le Loutre for the emigrants, I. 243, 244; false statements of Le Loutre, I. 244; prevented by Le Loutre from appealing to Duquesne, I. 244; harsh treatment received from Governor Duquesne, I. 244, 245; desire of, to return to their English allegiance, I. 244, 245; an annoyance to the English, I. 245; dealt with by the French with heartlessness, I. 245; their terror upon the arrival of the English troops, I. 247; disloyalty of, I. 248, 257, 258; join the French garrison, I. 248; the siege of Beauséjour by the English, I. 248-253, 260; assisted by Le Loutre at Beauséjour, I. 250; capitulation of Beauséjour, I. 251; condition leading to the expulsion of, from Acadia, I. 253-266; ordered by Monckton to meet him at Beauséjour, I. 254; sentence pronounced upon, by Monckton, and prisoners taken at Fort Cumberland, I. 254, 255, 266; explanation of the imprisonment of, I. 255-266; prevented by the priests from joining the English, I. 255; again ordered to take the oath of allegiance, I. 255; demands made by the priests with regard to their return to their home, I. 255, 256; refuse to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 256; instruction sent to Governor Lawrence with regard to, I. 257; to be compelled to take the oath of allegiance, I. 257; desire of Shirley to expel from the county, I. 257; their country commonly considered an Arcadia, I. 258; depicted by Abbé Raynal, I. 258; their means and mode of living, I. 258-260; their population, I. 259; their houses, I. 259, 268; their food, I. 259; their furniture, I. 259; their animals, I. 259; their clothing, I. 259; marriages among, I. 259, 260; their village life, I. 259, 260; their priests, religion, and government, I. 259, 260; only a few take the required oath, I. 260; the priests assist the French Bishop and Governor of Canada, I. 260; loyal to Louis XV., and untrue to George II., 260, 264; described by Dieréville, I. 260 note; the oath of allegiance administered by Governor Lawrence, I. 260; emigration of a small number of, to Cape Breton, I. 260; they return, and take the oath of allegiance, I. 260; kind treatment vouchsafed to the loyal inhabitants, I. 260; memorial bought by, to Captain Murray, I. 260-263; contents of their memorial sent to Governor Lawrence, I. 260-263; their insolence, I. 261; ordered to take the oath of allegiance to England, or to leave the country, I. 263, 264; again refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 264; declare their preference to lose their lands, I. 264; plans of removal discussed by the English, I. 265, 266; resolution to remove the people from their country, I. 265, 266; instructions quoted with regard to the removal of, I. 266, 267; instrumentality of the priests in the expulsion of, I. 265, 266, 266 note; removal of, by the English, from their homes, I. 266-284; summoned to meet Winslow to hear the orders of George II., I. 271-274; meet Winslow in the church at Grand Pré, I. 272-274, 276; declared prisoners of the King, I. 274; unite with the Indians to attack the English, I. 275; number in charge of Winslow, I. 276; arrival of the transports, I. 276; detention of, on the vessels, I. 276, 277, 277 note; supplies for the prisoners delayed, I. 278, 279; cases of the separation of families, I. 279, 280; removal of, described, I. 279-282; effort of the prisoners to escape, I. 280; number of, embarked for the colonies, I. 280-282; guerilla warfare against the English, I. 282; distribution of the exiles, I. 282; treatment received in the colonies, I. 282; heartless outrages practised upon, in Canada, I. 282, 283, II. 26; exiles on one of the vessels escape to the St. John, I. 282; sent to France, I. 283; sent to England, I. 283; progenitors of the present race, I. 283; death of, I. 283; arrival of the exiles in Louisiana, I. 283; at the siege of Louisbourg, II. 62, 66; false dealing of, Boishébert, II. 170; their hostility to the English, II. 181. Achilles, I. 353, II. 184. Acts of Parliament. See Parliament. Adams, a wagoner, carries a letter of warning to Fort Lyman, I. 296; shot by the Indians, I. 299. Adams, Captain, I. 249, 270, 272; removal of the Acadians, I. 267, 270, 276, 277, 280 note. Adams, Parson, I. 6. Adirondacks, I. 453. Admiralty, the position held by Anson, I. 179. Admiralty, Lords of the, citation from letters to, I. 181. Africa, II. 44, 49; the French driven from Guinea, II. 47; the power of England over, II. 400; France cedes Senegal, II. 406. Aigues Mortes, dungeons of, I. 21. Aix-la-Chapelle, the treaty of, I. 9, 19, 36, 43, 94, 359, 360, II. 53, 406; questions of boundary to be settled by commissioners, I. 122-128. Alais, I. 455. Albany, I. 28, 65, 171, 233, 289, 290, 298, 310, 326, 403, 421, 435, 452, II. 91, 93; conservatism of, in the eighteenth century, I. 33; meeting of Indians and commissioners, I. 61; news sent to, of the death of Lord Howe, II. 98; advance of Bradstreet, II. 129; congress of Indians and English held, I. 172-176; plan of Franklin for colonial union, I. 175; the Dutch at, I. 193, 320; decisions of the council, I. 194, 195; described by Mrs. Grant, I. 319, 320; the base of military operations, I. 319, 320; headquarters of Shirley, I. 384, 393; the Indians mislead by the traders, I. 390; plans of Vaudreuil, I. 393, 394; return of Bradstreet, I. 395, 396; arrival of Webb and Abercromby, I. 399; rumors of danger from the enemy, I. 415, 475, II. 3. Albemarle, Lord, Governor of Virginia, I. 105 note, 137; English ambassador at Versailles, I. 180; his death, I. 184. Albemarle, Earl of, expedition of, II. 401, 402. "Alcide," the, I. 185. Alembert, D', I. 16. Alequippa, Queen, I. 151; flies from her possessions, I. 45. Alexander, II. 408. Alexandria, I. 142, 162, 247; camp of Braddock at, I. 191; council held at the camp, I. 196 note, 234, 241, 286. Algonquins, or Algonkins, the, I. 74; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 372; their means of divination, I. 438 note; called to a council by Montcalm, I. 485-489. Alleghany Mountains, the, I. 20, 40, 59, 124, 125, 127, 145, 148, 161, 372, II. 130, 133, 141; crossed by the English traders, I. 42; road made through, by Braddock's forces, I. 205, II. 138, 141; condition of the settlers, I. 335. Alleghany River, the, I. 39, 128, 133, 136, 143, 207, 222, 233, 423, 424, II. 149, 152, 154, 159; work of Céloron de Bienville, I. 43; settlement of Shenango, I. 46; a fort planned, I. 130. Allen, Ensign, to train the Provincials in Braddock's expedition, I. 200, 201. Allen, Chief Justice, letter from Bouquet quoted, II. 161, 161 note. Alsopp, George, II. 439. Alva, II. 404. Amalek, II. 89. America, I. 202, 219 note, 230 note, 251, 295, 360, 369, 383, II. 45, 49, 191, 271, 391, 401; conditions during, and results following, the Seven Years War in Europe, I. 1, 20; complication of political interests, I. 1, 3, 4; the War of Independence, I. 1; the British and French possessions compared, I. 1-3; British soldiers in, I. 9; number of French and English inhabitants in the middle of the eighteenth century, I. 20; towns and colonies compared and contrasted, I. 25-36; plan for the increase of French settlements, I. 37; questions of boundaries, I. 37, 43, 76, 79, 86, 122-128; commissioners appointed to decide upon French and English possessions in, I. 123-127; the balance of power, I. 126; conditions in the English colonies, I. 160-171; results of the meeting of the colonial Assemblies with their governors, I. 163-169; France and England compared, I. 181; the policy of England, I. 181; regiments ordered to, from England, I. 181, 182; expedition ordered to, from France, I. 182, 183; council of American governors held with Braddock, I. 191-195; the democracy of Pennsylvania, I. 338; holds a secondary place in the interests of France, I. 355; conflict of the eighteenth century, I. 355; French power in, to be sustained, I. 356, 414; money granted by Parliament to the colonies, I. 382, 382 note; usefulness of Indian warriors, I. 484; the power of Pitt, II. 43, 44; interest felt for, by Pitt, II. 47-49; prophecy of John Mellen, II. 378; and of the French and English War, II., 378-382, 386; predictions concerning the future of the British colonies, II. 403, 404. American Antiquarian Society, the, I. 48; plate buried by the French in possession of, I. 48; Transactions of, I. 48. Amherst, Lieutenant-Colonel, recaptures St. John's, II. 402. Amherst, Jeffrey, II. 194 note, 231, 339; recalled from the German war, II. 48; his character, II. 48; promoted to be major-general, II. 48; takes command of the expedition against Louisbourg, II. 48, 49, 51, 56-81; plans of attack, II. 57, 58; lands his troops at Freshwater Cove, II. 57-60; his camp, II. 61; roads made through marshes, II. 61, 62; courtesies between the commanders, II. 64, 65; his humanity, II. 70, 70 note, 374; terms of capitulation extended to Louisbourg, II. 71, 72; capitulation of Louisbourg, II. 74, 75, 75 note; prevented from uniting with Abercromby, II. 75; increases his conquests, II. 78; action after the reduction of Louisbourg, II. 79, 80; orders issued to Wolfe, II. 80, 81; evidences concerning the siege of Louisbourg, II. 81 note; joins Abercromby at Lake George, II. 129; letter sent to, from General Forbes, II. 161; his army moves against Ticonderoga, II. 197, 210, 222; his ability to render aid to Wolfe, II. 210, 212; commander-in-chief of the troops in America, II. 235; plans of Pitt for his movements, II. 235, 236; deputes Prideaux to take charge of the expedition against Niagara, II. 235, 236; the capture of Ticonderoga, II. 235-241; on Lake George, II. 235, 236; forts built by, II. 237; Bourlamaque retires before, II. 238, 239; Ticonderoga blown up by the French, II. 239; advances upon Crown Point, II. 240, 241; his delay in joining Wolfe, II. 240-242, 249, 250, 272, 323; Crown Point rebuilt by, II. 240, 241; roads built by, across Vermont, II. 241; his navy, II. 241, 242, 251, 252; at Crown Point, II. 249; tries to pacify the Abenakis, II. 251; sends Major Rogers to destroy the Abenakis' town, II. 251, 253; unsuccessful attempt to reach Isle-aux-Noix, II. 251, 252; the result of his campaign, II. 252, 253; desired to send supplies to Rogers, II. 254, 256, 257; Lieutenant Stephan sent to meet Rogers' rangers, II. 256, 257; letter from Rogers, II. 258 note; defers his advance upon Montreal, II. 265; his plans, II. 361; the fall of Canada, II. 361-382; his army embarks for Montreal, II. 369; the "Ottawa" captured, II. 369; attacks Fort Lévis, II. 369, 370; passage of the rapids, II. 370, 371; encamps near Montreal, II. 371; number of his troops, II. 372, 372 note; a council of war held by Vaudreuil, II. 372; articles of capitulation insisted upon by Amherst, II. 372-374; his detestation of French cruelty, II. 373; Vaudreuil obliged to surrender Montreal, II. 376; the news of his victory received in Boston, II. 377-379; sends his brother to recapture St. John's, II. 402. Amonoosuc River, the, II. 256, 257. Anastase, I. 209. Anastase, Father, I. 209. Anbury, the traveller, II. 426. Ange, Gardien L', landing of the English before, II. 217; burned by the order of Wolfe, II. 261. Anglican Church, the, in New York, I. 32. Anglicans, the, I. 29. Anglo-Saxon race, the, I. 25. Annapolis, Acadia, I. 92, 106, 178, 241, 279; garrison at, I. 92, 93; parish of, I. 94; Acadians encouraged to emigrate from, I. 108, 109; the inhabitants of the valley, I. 235; French feeling in the hearts of the inhabitants, I. 237; arrival of the English force, I. 247; means of living practised by the Acadians, I. 258, 259; number of Acadians sent away in the vessels, I. 280; isolation of the garrison at, II. 77; rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 77, 78. Anne, Fort, II. 121. Anse de Foulon, II. 276, 284, 286, 344, 346, 347, 354; now called Wolfe's Cove, II. 278. Anson, First Lord of the Admiralty, I. 179, II. 50. Anthonay, D', lieutenant-colonel, sent to the English concerning the terms of capitulation for Louisbourg, II. 71; empowered to accept the capitulation for Louisbourg, II. 73, 74. "Apollon," the number of her guns, II. 54 note. Appendix A., II. 417, 418; references to, I. 67 note, 68 note, 78 note. Appendix B., II. 418-421; references to, I. 100 note, 104 note, 127 note. Appendix C., II. 421-423; references to, I. 158 note, 161 note. Appendix D., II. 423-426; references to, I. 208 note, 215 note. Appendix E., II. 426-428. Appendix F., II. 428-431. Appendix G., II. 431-436; references to, II. 93 note, 113 note. Appendix H., II. 436-438. Appendix I., II. 438; reference to, II. 298 note. Appendix J., II. 438-441, 442; reference to, II. 326 note. Appendix K., II. 442-444; reference to, II. 359 note. Appleton, Nathaniel, his utterance after the fall of Canada, II. 379. Apthorp, a Boston merchant, I. 245; furnishes money for the English troops, I. 245. Arbuthnot, William, his attestation, I. 505 note. Arcadia, I. 258. "Aréthuse," the, II. 63; number of her guns, II. 54 note; fires upon the English, II. 64; withdrawn from her position, II. 65. Argens, D', letters from Frederick II., II. 387-389. Argenson, D', Minister of War, 1743-1747, I. 15, 355, 367, II. 44; writes to Montcalm of his appointment, I. 360; letter to, from Montcalm, I. 377; reinforcements sent to Canada, I. 467, 468. Armstrong, Colonel George, I. 423, II. 158; the attack upon Kittanning, I. 423-427; receives a medal from the Council of Philadelphia, I. 426. Army, the English, matters pertaining to the troops, I. 383-387; discipline in, II. 119. See English. Army, the French, description of French troops, I. 368-373; number of troops in Canada, I. 368, I. 368 note. See French. Army, the Provincial, I. 290, 291; manners and morals of, I. 292; preaching on Sunday to, I. 295, 296. Army chaplains, II. 116, 117. Arnoux, Surgeon, II. 308; Montcalm carried to his house, II. 308, 441. Arthur's Club, I. 7. Artillery Cove, I. 498. Artois, batallion of, I. 368, II. 54, 73; ordered to America, I. 182. Ashley, Dr., his death, II. 120. Ashley, John, difficulties among the war committees, I. 387. Asia, diplomatic and political position of France and England towards, I. 3, 4; the power of England over, II. 400. Assemblies of the English colonies, the, neglect their own interests, I. 86; instructions from the Lords of Trade, I. 172, 173; matters to be laid before, I. 195. Assembly of Massachusetts, the, dealings of Governor Shirley with, I. 168, 169; grants money to aid the English in Maine, I. 169; plans of Shirley laid before, I. 241; money and supplies voted by, for the expedition against Crown Point, I. 285, 286. Assembly of New York, the, I. 59; quotation from Governor Clinton concerning their neglect in protecting Indian trade, II. 61, 62; apathy of, I. 73; address of, to Lieutenant-Governor Delancey, cited, I. 168; results of the meeting of, with the Governor of New York, I. 168, 169; its hostility to Johnson, I. 328; political difficulties, I. 350. Assembly of Pennsylvania, the, I. 59, 141, 142, 426; refuses the request of the Indians to build a trading-house on the Ohio, I. 60; unwilling to aid Dinwiddie, I. 142; letter from the Earl of Holdernesse laid before, I. 165; persons composing, I. 165, 166; result of the meeting with the Governor, I. 165-168; quarrels with the Governor, I. 191, 340-342, 348, 349, 350 note, 351 note, II. 131, 135; needs of the people laid before, I. 336; causes of military paralysis, I. 337, 338; question of taxing proprietary lands, I. 337-341, 344-347; Benjamin Franklin leader in, I. 338; relations of, with the people, I. 339-350; relations of, with Governor Morris, I. 339-350; contentions with the Quakers and the Governor, I. 340, 341; desires to issue bills of credit, I. 344-346; the paper called a "Representation" sent to the House, I. 346; anger of the Quakers, I. 346, 347; deputations from the people and from friendly Indians seeking aid, I. 347; growing unpopularity of, I. 347, 348; a militia law passed, I. 348; the proprietaries of Pennsylvania offer to raise money for defence, I. 349; difficulties in quartering the troops, I. 439, 440. Assembly of Virginia, I. 137; efforts of Dinwiddie to repel the French in the West, I. 137-140; aid voted to Dinwiddie, i, 139, 140, 233; slowness of movement of, I. 144; speech of Dinwiddie to, I. 163, 164, 165; result of the meeting with Dinwiddie, I. 165, 233; the distress of the people, I. 332, 333; the needs of Washington, I. 332, 333; needs of the people laid before, I. 336. Atlantic Ocean, the, I. 4, 87, 123, 205, 469, II. 176, 412; the United States, II. 413; English possessions bordering on, I. 20. Attiqué, village of, I. 45; French name of Kittanning, I. 426. See Kittanning. Aubry, II. 244; the engagement at Niagara, II. 244-249; taken prisoner, II. 248. Augsburg, II. 394. Augusta, Fort, II. 147. "Auguste," fate of the, II. 384, 385. Augustus the Strong, I. 10. Aulac, inhabitants removed from, I. 255; the declaration of Monckton, I. 254. Austria, effects of the French alliance, I. 2; succession of Maria Theresa, I. 18; political alliances sought, I. 353, 354; a Catholic country, I. 355; troops sent against, I. 363; position of affairs in Europe, II. 38, 39; policy of George III., II. 393; hostile to Prussia, II. 399; the treaty of Hubertsburg, II. 407. Austria, House of, its rule, I. 16, 17; enmity of France towards, I. 19. Austrian Succession, the war of, I. 19. Austrians, the, II. 40; the battle of Prague, II. 39; routed at Leuthen, II. 46; fly before Frederic, II. 386. Auxerrois, I. 359. Avery, Ensign, the expedition against the Abenakis, II. 255-257. Avon River, the former name of, I. 268. Awe River, the, II. 433.

B.

Babiole, I. 354. Baby, a Canadian officer, I. 330 note. Babylon, II. 89, 378, 384. Bagley, Colonel Jonathan, II. 76, 77, 115, 117; commands at Fort William Henry, I. 388; preparations for attacking Ticonderoga, I. 388, 389; extracts from his letters, I. 389. Bahama Islands, the, I. 421. Baker, a soldier, I. 424. Bald Mountain, I. 477. Ball, a dog, II. 189. Ballads, II. 233 note. Barachois, II. 63, 67; approach of the English, II. 64. Barbadoes, Island of, II. 190. Barnsley, Thomas, II. 124 note. Barré, II. 46, 268. Barrington, Viscount, II. 398, 432; replaces Chancellor Legge, II. 393. Bassignac, De, curious incident in the attack on Montcalm, at Ticonderoga, II. 107. Bastille, the, I. 15, II. 385. Bath, Lady, I. 189. Bath, Lord, II. 404 note. Bath, England, I. 7, 188, 311, II. 190. Batiscan, I. 371, II. 332. Bavaria, the Elector of, I. 19. Béarn, the battalion of, I. 374, II. 104, 109, 230; ordered to America, I. 182; uniform of the battalion of, I. 368 note; encamped before Niagara, I. 376; capture of Oswego, I. 408; preparations to attack Fort William Henry, I. 477; advance of Montcalm upon Fort William Henry, I. 491; mutiny at Montreal, II. 10; attack upon Quebec, II. 292. Beaubassin, Madame de, suppers given by, I. 458. Beaubassin, I. 94; English occupation of, I. 115, 116-120; the parish fired by Le Loutre, I. 116; departure of Major Lawrence from, and return of, I. 116, 117. Beauce, I. 76. Beauchamp, merchant, I. 271. Beaucour, La Roche, I. 457, II. 428. Beaujeu, Captain, at Fort Duquesne, I. 208, II. 423; encounter of the French with the English, I. 210-227; death of, I. 215. Beaumont, II. 225. Beauport, the village of, II. 200, 212, 228, 265, 274, 303; Montcalm stations his camp here at the siege of Quebec, II. 200, 201, 208, 209, 292, 298 note, 305; attack of Wolfe on the French camp, II. 230-233; approach of Wolfe's fleet, II. 282, 288; flight of the French army, II. 300-302, 307; the French supplies plundered, II. 311; return of the army to Quebec, II. 313. Beauport, River of, II. 201, 208, 209. Beauséjour, Fort, I. 122, II. 181; erected by the French, I. 119, 120, 235; an attack upon, planned by the English, I. 192-194, 196, 236, 239, 241, 245; strength of the fort, I. 238, 241; M. Vergor commandant of, I. 239, 241, 242; official corruption at, I. 242, 243, 245, 250, 251; encounter of the French with the English, I. 247-253, 260; capitulation offered by the French, I. 251; escape of Le Loutre, I. 252; capture of, I. 253, 256, II. 193, 278; became Fort Cumberland, I. 253; encampment of Monckton, I. 254; the declaration of Monckton, I. 254; inhabitants removed from, I. 255; departure of Winslow from, I. 267. Beauséjour, hill, I. 116, 118. Beaver, King, Indian chief, II. 145. Beaver. See Fur-trade. Beaver Creek, II. 145. Becancour, M. de, I. 71. Becancour, I. 485. Bedford, Duke of, II. 393; sent to Paris to negotiate for peace, II. 403. Bedford, Fort, erection of, II. 141. Bedford, town of, II. 133. Belcher, Governor of New Jersey, I. 392; declares war against the Indians, I. 392; postpones his action, I. 393. Belêtre conducts a war-party, I. 74; the attack at German Flats, II. 6, 7. Belknap, his "History of New Hampshire" cited, I. 510 note. Bellamy, George Anne, story of Braddock in regard to, I. 190, 190 note. Bellaston, Lady, I. 6. Belleisle, Maréchal de, minister of war, 1758-1761, II. 35, 176; double-dealing and boasting of Vaudreuil, II. 171-173, 198; his letter to Montcalm, II. 176, 177; plans of war enjoined upon Montcalm, II. 177, 178; letter from Vaudreuil to, II. 319. Belleisle, II. 401, 405. Bellona, I. 480. Bengal, II. 406. Bennington, I. 291. Benoît, II. 28. Berkeley, Sir William, his opinion of education for the people, I. 29. Berks, I. 347. Berlin, II. 388. Bernard, Governor of Massachusetts, II. 376, 377. Bernès, II. 99. Berniers, commissary-general, II. 259, 260, 438; the state of Quebec described after the siege, II. 328. Bernis, Abbé de, minister of foreign affairs, II. 393. Berry, battalion of, II. 87, 88, 99, 100, 104, 105. Berryer, minister of marine and colonies, 1758-1761, II. 175; official corruption in Canada, II. 31-33; ministerial rebukes sent to officials in Canada, II. 31-37; letters from Vaudreuil, II. 141, 142, 173, 318, 319; boasting and jealousy of Vaudreuil, II. 164, 171; prepossessed against Bouganville, II. 173, 175; reproof given to Vaudreuil, II. 375. Biddle, Edward, letter from Reading, I. 344. "Biche" number of her guns, II. 54 note. "Bienfaisant," II. 67; number of her guns, II. 54 note; seized by the English, II. 68, 69. Bienville, Céloron de. See Céloron. Bigot, François, Intendant of Canada, I. 65 note, 67, 67 note, 77 note, 80, 81, 242, II. 9, 17; his official corruption, I. 80, 81, 87, 88, 242, 462, II. 22-38; his plans against the English, I. 101; the Indians encouraged to butcher the English, I. 103; sails for Europe, I. 242; returns to Canada, I. 253; defends Vergor, I. 253, II. 278; his character and office, I. 376, II. 17, 18, 32, 33; his popularity, I. 466; relates the cruelties of the Indians, II. 4, 5; his relations with Vaudreuil, II. 18, 319, 323; his birth, II. 18; his official journeys and pleasure-excursions, II. 18-21; his manner of life, II. 18-22, 28-30, 203; his houses and palace, II. 21, 22; his gambling, and frauds in trade, II. 21, 22-28; his circle of friends, II. 22-30; the lover of Madame Péan, II. 28; receives ministerial rebukes, II. 31-37; promissory notes issued, II. 32; revelations of his stealings, II. 34-37, 37 note; breaks with Cadet, II. 36; statistics concerning the rations at Fort Duquesne, II. 152 note; the dissensions between Montcalm and Vaudreuil, II. 167; the siege and reduction of Quebec, II. 202, 234, 259, 326 note; Vaudreuil holds a council of war, II. 218, 219, 305, 306; forces at Quebec, II. 298 note, 437; French troops available after the battle, II. 305 note; returns with the army to Quebec, II. 313, 314; arrested, and thrown into the Bastille, II. 385; his trial, II. 385, 386; his sentence, II. 386; his letters, II. 438. "Billy" assists Surgeon Williams, I. 306; sickness in the army, II. 120. "Bizarre," number of her guns, II. 54 note. Black Hole of Calcutta, the, II. 45. Black Hunter, the, I. 204. Black Mountain, I. 430. Black Point, II. 53. Black Rifle, the, I. 204. Blanchard, Colonel, defends Fort Lyman, I. 294; a letter of warning sent to, I. 296. Blodget, Samuel, I. 301 note; his view of the battle at Lake George, I. 306; prospective plan, etc., of the battle near Lake George, etc., I. 316 note, 317 note. Blomedon, Cape, I. 268, 269. "Bloody morning scout," the, I. 303. Bloody Pond, origin of its name, I. 309. Blue Ridge, panic among the settlers, I. 331. Bœufs, Rivière aux, I. 128. Boishébert, a French officer, I. 265, 266, 420, 436; to induce the Acadians to leave their home, I. 99; troops sent to watch the English frontier, I. 116; letter to Manach quoted, I. 266; leads the attack at Peticodiac, I. 276; forces of, I. 276 note; approaches Louisbourg, II. 66; tried for peculation, II. 170; his dealings with the Acadians, II. 170. Bolling, a Virginia gentleman, I. 226, 226 note. Bolton, I. 492 note. Bonaventure, I. 125. Bond, Dr., I. 228. Bonhomme, Michel, II. 309. Bonnecamp, Father, a Jesuit priest, I. 52, 53; extract from his journal, I. 39, 45, 62 note; his map, I. 62 note; at Detroit, I. 76; his opinion of Céloron, I. 77. Bordeaux, I. 457, II. 18, 23. Boscawen, Admiral, ordered to intercept the French fleet, I. 184-186; takes charge of the fleet sent against Louisbourg, II. 49, 51, 56-74; at Halifax, II. 56, 57; siege and capitulation of Louisbourg, II. 57-75; the correspondence with Drucour, II. 71, 72, 74, 81 note; unwilling to follow Amherst's wishes, II. 79. Boston, I. 239, 245, 317 note, II. 77, 79; relative size of, I. 31; rules laid down for the soldiers on the Sabbath Day, I. 246; departure of the English troops for Nova Scotia, I. 247; transport-vessels to be hired to convey the Acadians from Nova Scotia, I. 266, 276; treatment received by the Acadian exiles, I. 282; winter-quarters found for the troops, I. 439, 440; rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 78; taxes levied to pay the war-debt, II. 85; news of the fall of Canada, II. 377. "Boston Evening Post," article upon provincial soldiery, II. 118, 119. Botwood, Edward, killed, II. 233 note; "Hot Stuff," II. 234 note. Bougainville, I. 376, 407, 454; aide-de-camp to Montcalm, I. 282, 361; his description of the Acadian exiles, I. 282, 283; his youth, I. 363; friendly relations with Montcalm, I. 363, 456, 465; terms of capitulation proposed to the English, at Oswego, I. 413; joins the war-party of Perière, I. 429-431; his description of the Indians and their cruelties, I. 430, 431, 465, 478, 479, 483, 484, 506, 507, II. 4, 5, 10, 11, 145 note; perplexity at finding the boats of Rogers, I. 437; praised by Bourlamaque, I. 455; life during Lent, I. 458; the ships-of-war at Louisbourg, I. 473 note; seeks to gain Indian allies, I. 475, 476; sings the war-song, I. 476; the "St. Bartholomew of the oxen," I. 479; his diary quoted, I. 503, 513 note; sent as a messenger to Montreal from Fort William Henry, I. 508; evidence concerning the massacre at Fort William Henry, I. 514 note; official knavery commented upon, II. 27; double-dealing of Vaudreuil, II. 173; extract from, concerning Vaudreuil's plans, II. 86, 87; slightly wounded, II. 110; expedition of, to France, II. 173-176; his efforts to gain aid for Canada, II. 173-175; his promotion, II. 174; to negotiate the marriages of the children of Montcalm, II. 176; return to Canada, II. 176, 177, 197, 198; sad news brought to Montcalm, II. 179; his opinion of the strength of Quebec, II. 209; sent from Beauport to oppose the English, II. 263; precautions taken to watch the shore of Quebec, II. 275, 276; at Cap-Rouge, II. 276; Holmes's vessels sail up the river, II. 278, 279; deceived by a feint of Wolfe, II. 279, 280; deceived by the movement of Holmes's vessels, II. 283; supply-boats to be sent to Montcalm, II. 283, 286; neglects to follow Holmes's vessels, II. 285; danger of Wolfe's position, II. 288, 289; attacks the light infantry, II. 290; repulsed, II. 290; statistics of the forces at Quebec, II. 298 note; the fall of his friends, II. 304; council of war held, II. 305; his forces, II. 305, 305 note; question of capitulation for Quebec, II. 305-307; remains at Cap-Rouge, II. 313, 314; follows the army to Quebec, II. 314; the fall of Canada, II. 360-382; at Isle-aux-Noix, II. 361; ordered to stop Haviland's progress, II. 367; at Montreal, II. 372; articles of capitulation carried to Amherst, II. 372-373; Montreal capitulates, II. 372-374. Boundary, questions of, I. 37, 61, 79, 122, 123-128, 168, 184, 236-238, 259; the matter discussed at Paris, I. 86. Bouquet, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry, II. 133; serves in reducing Fort Duquesne, II. 133, 163; interview with Washington, II. 133; his soldiers, II. 133; the expedition against Fort Duquesne, II. 133-163; justice of his opinion of Washington, II. 134; relations with Forbes, II. 134, 135; extracts from his correspondence with Forbes, II. 136-138, 142, 154, 155; his tact with the Indians, II. 139, 140; forward movement of, II. 141; the road over Alleghanies, II. 141; Grant's expedition, II. 151-155; retreat of Major Grant, II. 154; sufferings of Forbes's troops, II. 157; letter to Chief Justice Allen quoted, II. 161, 161 note. Bourbon, house of, I. 9, 41, 42, 76, 453, II. 397, 408; triumphs of, I. 10; the Family Compact, II. 396. Bourbon, Island of, I. 10. Bourgogne, battalion of, I. 368, II. 54; ordered to America, I. 182. Bourlamaque, Chevalier de, I. 373, II. 96, 212, 308; named as the third officer of Montcalm, I. 360, II. 87; embarks for America, I. 363, 364; extracts from his correspondence with Montcalm, I. 454, 455, 457-459, 466, II. 7, 8, 167-169, 275, 427, 428, 438; encampment of, I. 477; preparations to attack Fort William Henry, I. 477; his efforts to save the English, I. 510; Montcalm's position near Ticonderoga, II. 99; the battle of Ticonderoga, II. 104; wounded, II. 110; his promotion, II. 174; ordered to hold Ticonderoga, II. 195; troops ordered to Quebec, II. 198; letter from Vaudreuil, II. 233; Amherst attacks him, II. 237, 238; retires before Amherst, II. 238; at Isle-aux-Noix, II. 238, 239, 249, 265; letter from Lévis quoted, II. 252; retreat of, II. 265; letter from Vaudreuil, II. 275; his troops advance upon Montreal, II. 364, 365; his troops thinning out, II. 365, 366; joined by the French, II. 368; movements of Amherst, II. 369, 370; at Montreal, II. 372; letter from Montcalm given in the original, II. 427, 428. Braddock, Major-General, I. 181, 286, 318; ordered to America with regiments, I. 181-183; his arrival at Hampton, I. 187; opinion of, expressed by Dinwiddie, I. 187, 188; opinions of, held by different persons, I. 187-190; characteristics of, I. 187-191; anecdotes of, I. 188-190; story told of duel with Colonel Gumley, I. 189; beloved as Governor of Gibraltar, I. 189, 190; interview with Dury, I. 190; parting visit to George Anne Bellamy, I. 190; doubts concerning the office held at Gibraltar, I. 190 note; position held by, in the Coldstream Guards, I. 191; arrival of the regiments at Hampton, I. 191; opinion of, held by Horace Walpole, I. 191; sends for the governors of the colonies to meet in council, I. 191-195; his instructions laid before the council at Albany, I. 193, 194; in sympathy with Shirley's plans, I. 193, 194; to lead the expedition against Fort Duquesne, I. 194; decisions of the Council at Albany, I. 194, 195; suggestions of, approved by the Council at Albany, I. 195; matters to be laid before the colonial Assemblies, I. 195; suggestions of, with regard to ship-building, I. 195; error in regard to his campaign, I. 196; lands in Virginia, I. 196; supplies scarce, I. 197-199; aided by Franklin, I. 198, 199; his expedition against Fort Duquesne, I. 198, 227-233, II. 423-426; need of wagons, I. 199; his troops, I. 200, 214, 220 note; his estimate of the provincial troops, I. 200, 201; relations with Washington, I. 201; his horses and wagons, I. 199, 201; invites Washington to become his aide-de-camp, I. 203; tries to secure the aid of Indians, I. 203, 204; his reception of Captain Jack and his company, I. 204; departure of his expedition for the scene of action, I. 204, 205; his scorn of Indians, I. 204, 205; road made for his expedition, I. 204-206, II. 133, 137, 161; difficulties of the march, I. 205, 206; consultation with Washington, I. 206; his forces reach Little Meadows, I. 206; illness among his men, I. 206; his mode of advance, I. 206, 207; fords the Monongahela, I. 207, 212; rumors of his approach reach Fort Duquesne, I. 210, 211; nature of the country through which he passed, 213-216; destructive fire of the French and Indians, I. 216, 217; confusion among the English troops, I. 216, 218; his ignorance of American warfare, I. 217; horrors of the battle, I. 217-219; number of his army lost in the battle of the Monongahela, I. 219, 220, 220 note; shot in the lungs, I. 220; his papers left to the Indians, I. 220; retreat of his troops, I. 220-227; his defeat, I. 220-227, 221 note, 293, 322, 323, 329, 340, 414, II. 221, 423-426; plans drawn by Mackellar for his expedition, I. 221 note; condition of, I. 223; his sufferings, I. 224; reinforcements for, under Dunbar, I. 223, 224; confusion in his camp, I. 225; panic among the troops, I. 225; his death, I. 225, 226, 323, 328, II. 134; remarks concerning the soldiery, I. 225, 226; buried in the road, I. 226; mentioned in Campbell's letter, I. 227; letter from Washington quoted, concerning, I. 230; Shirley made commander-in-chief, I. 233; the Council at Alexandria, I. 234, 286; letters of, warn Dieskau of danger, I. 288, 289; his dead soldiers left to the wolves, but afterwards buried, I. 312, II. 159, 160; his captured papers reveal the plans of the English, I. 324; his instructions to Major-General Shirley, I. 326 note; his roads used by the invaders, I. 331; his battalions, I. 382; journal of his expedition, I. 196 note; compared with Forbes, II. 134. Braddock, Fanny, stories of, I. 188, 189; her death, I. 188, 189. Bradstreet, Lieutentant-Colonel John, men placed under, by Shirley, I. 393; his boatmen carry provisions to Oswego, I. 393, 394; action with Villiers' forces, I. 394-396; his success, I. 395-397; his boatmen sent to Oswego, I. 405; serves under Abercromby, II. 93; reconnoitres the landing, II. 94; his action after the death of Lord Howe, II. 98; his armed boatmen, II. 105; troops given him to conquer Fort Frontenac, II. 127, 128; conquest of Fort Frontenac, II. 127-129; mercy shown to his prisoners, II. 128, 129; advances towards Albany, II. 129; his return to Oswego, II. 129; Fort Frontenac dismantled, II. 129; importance of his conquest, II. 129; supplies destroyed by, II. 155; reported to advance upon Lake Ontario, II. 197. Brandenburg, House of, promoted to royalty, I. 17. Brest, I. 182, 184, 288, 362; embarkation of Dieskau's expedition, I. 182, 183; French armament at, I. 183. Bréard, his official knavery, II. 23, 24; accused of fraud in Canada, II. 385. "Britannia," ship, II. 33; captured by privateers, II. 33. British colonies. See English colonies. British ministry, the, I. 199, 285, II. 40, 397; the plan for building a naval station at Chebucto, I. 92, 93; attitude of, toward the Indians, I. 171; the French forts to be attacked, I. 240, 241; hostility to Shirley in New York, I. 328; the removal of Shirley from his command, I. 383, 384; ill effect of a letter from Wolfe, II. 323; changes in, II. 393; Newcastle resigns his position, II. 400; plans of Pitt laid before, II. 397. British Museum, the, I. 126 note, 202. British Provinces, the, I. 283. Britons, II. 208. Broadway, II. 76. Broglie, I. 10. Brown, Lieutenant, the attack on Louisbourg, II. 59-61; aids Wolfe when shot, II. 296. Brunswick, II. 47. Brunswick, Ferdinand of, II. 399, 400. Buchanan, letter to, from John Campbell, I. 227. Buchannon. See Buchanan. Buffaloes, I. 56. Buisson, the, II. 370. Bull, Fort, I. 374; attacked and reduced by Léry, I. 374, 375. Bullitt, Captain, expedition of Major Grant, II. 152, 154. Burd, Colonel, his mode of warfare, II. 135; interview with Forbes, II. 138; Indian allies join the army, II. 139, 140. Burgesses slow to enforce obedience among the Virginia troops, I. 331. Burghers, the, of France, I. 14. Burgoyne, John, II. 102; his expedition, II. 402; mention made of Langlade, in connection with Braddock's defeat, II. 426. Burke, Captain, cruelly treated by Indians, I. 511; his remarks concerning Wolfe quoted, II. 267, 268. Burnaby, "Travels in North America" cited, I. 163 note. Burned Camp, I. 490, II. 94; origin of name, I. 489. Burney, Thomas, escapes from Indians, I. 85. Burton, Lieutenant-Colonel, his encounter with the French in Braddock's expedition, I. 218; his report concerning the provincial camp, I. 401, 402; orders given to bring his men to the Point of Orleans, II. 281; his men embark for the heights, II. 288; dying command of Wolfe, II. 297. Bury, Viscount, his charges against Massachusetts refuted, II. 84, 85; his "Exodus of the Western Nations" cited, II. 84 note. Bussy, M. de, comes to London as envoy, II. 395. Bute, Earl of, II. 393, 397; made secretary of state, II. 393; propositions made by Choiseul to Pitt, II. 395; comes into power, II. 398; anecdote for the dislike of the people for, II. 398; succeeds Newcastle as First Lord of the Treasury, II. 400; desires peace with France, II. 402, 403; peace made between France and England, II. 405. Buttes-à-Neveu, II. 290, 345, 354. Byng, Admiral, I. 36, II. 46.

C.