Chapter XXXIV: Appendix: XIV

CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH OF AFGHAN HISTORY

1747.--Nadir Shah, a Turcoman bandit, conquers Persia with an army composed largely of Afghans. Sacks Delhi and is assassinated in camp on return from India.

Sirdar Ahmed Khan, an Afghan cavalry general of the Saddozai section of the Abdali Afghans, seizes the treasure near Kandahar and has himself crowned king of the Durani with the title of Ahmed Shah, Duri Duran. With Ahmed commences history of Afghan nation as an independent kingdom. He builds Kandahar shortly afterwards, calling it Ahmed Shahior Ahmed Shahr. (These events occur about 1747.) Ahmed Shah reigns twenty-six years. He replenishes his treasuries by frequent invasions of India. He is succeeded by his son Timour Shah.

1773.--Timour Shah’s succession to the throne. He removes the seat of government from Kandahar to Kabul. He reigns twenty years and dies 1793, leaving three sons:

(1) Zaman Shah, who reigns four years, living chiefly at Peshawar. He is deposed by his half-brother, Mahommed, and blinded as retaliation for having caused to be executed Wazir Surfaraz Khan Barakzai (called Paindah Khan).

(2) Mahommed, who is attacked and imprisoned by

(3) Shah Shujah, full brother of Zaman Shah. He ascends the throne of Kabul, but lives principally at Peshawar.

1800.--Proposed invasion of India by the emperors Paul and Napoleon.

1807.--Scheme of Indian invasion by the emperors Alexander and Napoleon.

1809.--News having been received that Emperor Napoleon and Tsar Alexander had agreed to invade India through Persia, Mr. Elphinstone is sent as an ambassador to Kabul, meets Shah Shujah at Peshawar, and concludes a treaty.

1809.--Fateh Khan, son of murdered Wazir Surfaraz Khan, releases Mahommed and places him on the throne. Flight of Shah Shujah from Peshawar to take refuge with Ranjit Singh at Lahore, the latter extracting from him the famous Koh-i-Nur diamond, but refusing to protect him.

1818.--Murder of Fateh Khan by order of Shah Mahommed and his son Kamran. Country again convulsed with anarchy. Mahommed and Kamran retire to Herat, the rest of the country being divided between the brothers of Fateh Khan, the murdered Wazir, amongst whom Dost Mahommed Khan got Kabul, Jelalabad, and Ghazni.

1826.--Accession of Dost Mahommed, Amir of Afghanistan.

1832.--Lieutenant A. Burnes’ journey to Kabul, Bokhara, Merv, and Meshed.

1833.--Unsuccessful Persian expedition against Herat.

1837.--Persia, instigated by Russia, marches against Herat.

1837.--Siege of Herat and defence by Eldred Pottinger, November 1837, to June 1838.

1837.--Mission of Sir Alexander Burnes to Kabul to make peace between Dost Mahommed and Ranjit Singh, September 1837.

1837.--Russian agent, Vitkievitch, at Kabul, December 1837.

1838.--Wood explores the Upper Oxus to Lake Siri-kol.

1838.--Rupture of relations with Dost Mahommed. Recall of Burnes.

1838.--Beginning of first Afghan War, November 1838.

1839.--Capture of Kandahar.

1839.--Capture of Kabul, flight of Dost Mahommed, and restoration of Shah Shujah (August).

1840.--Rising of Dost Mahommed (September).

1840.--Defeat and surrender of Dost Mahommed at Bamian (November).

1841.--Assassination of Sir A. Burnes at Kabul (November).

1841.--Murder of Sir W. Macnaghten at Kabul (December).

1842.--Siege of British forces in Kabul (December 1841, to January 1842).

1842.--Retreat and massacre of British army (January).

1842.--Advance of British relief column under General Pollock (April).

1842.--March of General Nott from Kandahar to Kabul (August to September).

1842.--General Pollock re-enters Kabul (September).

1842.--Evacuation of Afghanistan (October).

1842.--Dost Mahommed restored to throne.

1854.--Meeting between Ghulan Hydel, Envoy of Dost Mahommed and Sir John Laurence at fort Abbotabad to discuss question of alliance.

1855.--First treaty between Great Britain and Dost Mahommed (January).

1856.--Surrender of Herat to the Persians (October).

1857.--Meeting between Sir John Laurence and Dost Mahommed at Peshawar.

1857.--Second treaty between Great Britain and Dost Mahommed (January).

1857.--Grant of subsidy to Dost Mahommed of 12 lakhs.

1857.--Mission of Major Lumsden to Kandahar (March to April).

1857.--War between Great Britain and Persia upon behalf of Afghanistan (November 1856, to March 1857).

1857.--Appointment of British agent to Kabul. Removal to Kandahar.

1857.--Treaty of Paris between Great Britain and Persia (March).

1858.--Recall of Kandahar Mission: agent remains.

1858.--Russian Mission of Khanikoff to Herat.

1858.--Death of Ghulam Hyder, son of Dost Mahommed; and Shir Ali nominated successor to Dost Mahommed.

1863.--Death of Dost Mahommed (June). Accession of Shir Ali; return to Kabul with British Agent from Kandahar.

1863.--Requests recognition of Mahommed Ali; treaty of peace, and grant of 6000 rupees.

1863-1868.--Civil War in Afghanistan.

Consequent upon the nomination of Shir Ali, serious dissension occurred in the family of Dost Mahommed. Upon the succession of Shir Ali, rebellion broke out, and Azim, brother to Shir Ali by a different mother, fled into British territory. Afzal, the brother of Azim, serving as Governor of Balkh, also revolted. Shir Ali defeated Afzal, imprisoning him in August 1864. Abdur Rahman, the son of Afzal, was pursued by Shir Ali. Abdur Rahman was joined by Azim, the two marching on Kabul, released Afzal and attacked Kabul in 1866. Shir Ali fled to Kandahar, Afzal entering Kabul as Amir on May 21, 1866. Recognised by the Government of India, he died suddenly in 1867. He was succeeded by Azim, who was never recognised officially by the Government of India. Shir Ali then marched against Azim in 1869, defeating him. Azim died in flight to Teheran, the final triumph and the concluding act of the rebellion being the accession to the throne of Shir Ali Khan in 1869.

1865.--Mahommed Ali killed.

1869.--Flight of Abdur Rahman Khan to Samarkand.

1869.--Shir Ali endeavours to obtain recognition by British Government of his son Abdullah Jan as successor. Refused.

1869.--Umballa Conference between Lord Mayo and Shir Ali (March).

1869.--First overtures from Lord Clarendon to Prince Gortchakow about Afghanistan.

1872.--Gortchakow-Granville Agreement as to boundaries of Afghanistan (October).

1872.--Seistan Boundary Commission.

1873.--Evidences of estrangement of Shir Ali from Government of India.

1873.--Abdullah Jan proclaimed heir-apparent. Yakub Khan revolts. Flight to Herat.

1874.--Imprisonment at Kabul of Yakub Khan.

1876.--Cool reception of Mission from Lord Lytton to Kabul.

1876.--Quetta occupied.

1877.--Abortive Conference at Peshawar between Sir L. Pelly and the Prime Minister of Shir Ali, Nur Mahomet Shah (February).

1877.--Estrangement of Shir Ali completed.

1878.--Kauffman threatens invasion of Afghanistan and India (June).

1878.--Pamir column despatched under General Abramoff (June).

1878.--Arrival of Stolietoff mission at Kabul (July).

1878.--Refusal of Shir Ali to allow the Mission under Sir Neville B. Chamberlain, Commander of the Madras army, to enter Afghanistan. Major Cavagnari and party threatened with attack at Ali Musjid if progress through Khyber Pass maintained (September 20 and 21).

1878.--Advance continued, November 21.

1878.--Colonel Grodekoff’s ride from Samarkand to Herat (October to November).

1878.--Denunciation of alliance with Dost Mahommed by Lord Lytton (November 21).

1878.--Second Afghan War begun (November).

1878.--Flight of Shir Ali from Kabul and release of Yakub Khan.

1879.--Death of Shir Ali in February and accession of Yakub Khan (February).

1879.--Treaty of Gandamak with Yakub Khan (June 8).

1879.--Assassination of Sir L. Cavagnari at Kabul, Dr. Ambrose Kelly, Lieut. Hamilton, and Mr. Jenkins and others (September 3 and 4).

1879.--Third Afghan War begun (September 6). March of General Roberts on Kabul.

1879.--General Roberts arrives at Kabul (September 28), and occupies Dakka (September 22).

1879.--Execution of murderers of Sir L. Cavagnari (October 20-24).

1879.--Twenty-five thousand Afghans defeated by Generals Roberts and Gough (December 23).

1879.--Kabul deserted by Afghans; re-occupation by British (December 26).

1879.--Yakub Khan deported to India (December).

1880.--Recognition of Abdur Rahman Khan as Amir (July).

1880.--Disaster of Maiwand (July 27). Defeat of General Burrows by Ayub Khan.

1880.--March of Sir F. Roberts to the relief of Kandahar (leaving Kabul August 8, arriving Kandahar August 31).

1880.--Rejection of Ayub’s terms by Sir F. Roberts and defeat of Ayub at Mazra (or Battle of Kandahar on September 1).

1881.--Evacuation of Kandahar and entry of Abdur Rahman (September 30).

1882-1883.--Surveys of Lessar.

1882.--Moslim agent appointed to represent British Government at Kabul.

1882.--Quetta district handed over on a rent to the British.

1882.--Prince Lobanoff converses with Lord Granville _re_ Prince Gortchakow’s circular of 1873.

1883.--Occupation by Russia of Tejend oasis (October).

1883.--Quetta district ceded to Great Britain.

1883.--Shignan and Roshan occupied by Abdur Rahman Khan.

1883.--Abdur Rahman passes a law concerning the status of women.

1883.--Subsidy of 12 lakhs, granted by Lord Ripon to Abdur Rahman, due.

1884.--Frontier negotiations between Great Britain and Russia. Sir Peter Lumsden proceeds with British Mission to Herat to demarcate Northern Boundary of Afghanistan.

1884.--Recommencement of Quetta Railway.

1884.--Sir P. Lumsden sent as British Boundary Commissioner (October 1884).

1884.--The Russians occupy Pul-i-Khatun (October).

1885.--The Russians occupy Zulfikar and Akrobat, and advance upon Pendjeh (February).

1885.--Fight between the Russians and Afghans at Tash-Kepri on the Kushk (March 30).

1885.--Rawal Pindi conference between Lord Dufferin and Abdur Rahman Khan. Amir received K.C.S.I. (April).

1885.--War scare in Great Britain (April).

1885.--Sir P. Lumsden recalled. Colonel West Ridgeway remains on the scene of activities of Mission.

1885.--British and Russian Boundary Commissioners meet again. First boundary pillar formally erected (November 12).

1886.--Bolan Railway constructed to Quetta.

1886.--Demarcation of Afghan boundary up to separation of Commission (September).

1886.--Return of British Commission through Kabul to India (October).

1887.--Occupation of Karki by Russia (May).

1887.--Negotiations at St. Petersburg continued and concluded (July).

1887.--Final settlement and demarcation of Afghan frontier (winter).

1887.--Escape of Ayub Khan from Persia; failure of rebellion in Afghanistan.

1887.--Surrender of Ayub Khan to General Maclean, Viceroy’s Agent at Meshed, and detention in India.

1888.--Quetta Railway continued to Kila Abdulla (January).

1888.--Revolt of Is-hak Khan against Abdur Rahman Khan (July to September).

1888.--Retreat of Is-hak Khan to Samarkand.

1889.--War scare on the Oxus boundary (February to March).

1891.--Abdur Rahman introduces the Oath of Allegiance on the Koran among his councillors.

1891.--Abdur Rahman appoints Habib Ullah to hold public Durbars.

1893.--Sir Mortimer Durand goes to Kabul to explain drift of negotiations between Great Britain and Russia in connection with Northern frontier and Pamir region.

1893.--Durand Agreement.

1893.--Increase of subsidy granted to Abdur Rahman by six lakhs, and permitted to import munitions of war as required.

1893.--Abdur Rahman recognises British protectorate over Chitral and agrees to respect Bajaor and Swat.

1893.--New Chaman occupied as railway terminus.

1894.--Abdur Rahman invited to England by Queen Victoria; unable to accept.

1895.--Abdur Rahman abolished slavery in Afghanistan.

1895.--Oath of Allegiance accepted from whole of the State of Afghanistan by Abdur Rahman.

1895.--Abdur Rahman adopts title Zia-ul-Millat-ud-Din.

1895.--Visit of Nasr Ullah Khan, second son of Abdur Rahman, to England.

1901.--Death of Abdur Rahman (October 1). Habib Ullah proclaimed (October 3).

1902-1903.--Re-erection of boundary pillars on Perso-Afghan border.

1903.--Construction Quetta-Nushki Railway begun.

1903-1904-1905.--McMahon Mission for delimitation of Seistan boundary.

1904.--Opening of the Orenburg-Tashkent Railway.

1904.--Visit of Sirdar Inayat Ullah to India.

1904-1905.--Mission of Sir Louis Dane to Kabul.

1905.--Opening of the Quetta-Nushki Railway (November).

1905.--Resignation of Lord Curzon of Kedleston. Appointment of Earl Minto as Viceroy of India. Kitchener-Curzon controversy.

1905-06.--Extension of railway to Dakka.

1906.--Shah rejects the award made by McMahon Mission in respect of the waters of the Helmund.

1906.--Rumours of autumn. Visit of Habib Ullah to India.

London: H. Heinemann. _Stanford’s Geogˡ Estabᵗ London_]

INDEX

Abdur Rahman, 91, 152, 247, 253, 258, 355-356, 433
Accession of Habib Ullah and, 432
Administrative system of, 269, 272
Afridi Elders and, 421-422, 424
Army under, 318-321, 325
Chitral crisis and, 415
Decline and death of, 432-434, 439
Lord Dufferin and, 401
Sir M. Durand and, 406
Lord Elgin and, 416, 418, 420
Europeans employed by, 394
Fiscal policy of, 231, 290-291
Foreign relations, 356-357, 403, 446
Frontier disturbances, 419, 422, 424
Gifts to, 402
Gun-running, 397
Sir Lepel Griffin and, 400
Imports of munitions, 407
Indian Government and, 419-425
Invited to England, 409
Mobilisation scheme, 432
Mullahs and, 415-416, 442
Queen Victoria, 433
Reception of Turkish visitor by, 416
Recognition of, as Amir, 400
Refusal to visit India, 403
Refusal to receive Roberts Mission, 405
Lord Ripon and, 400
Shir Afzal, 413, 414
and South African War, 432
Subsidy, 407
Swat-Tochi rising, 417
Theological studies of, 415
Treaties, 406, 412, 455
Tribal affairs, 270-271, 443, 447
Visits Afghan-Turkestan, 402
Warns Viceroy, 409
Western therapeutics and, 389

Abramoff, General, 40

Adiz Abad, 69

Afghan Turkestan, 94, 242, 262
Area of, 247
Coal deposits in, 396
Subjugation of, 250
Visited by Abdur Rahman, 402

Afghan War, First, 148
Second, 151, 152, 448

Afghanistan, administrative system of, 269-287
British relations with, 147-149, 155-156, 187-189, 220, 250, 356,
373, 375, 446, 455, 457, 458
Climate of, 261, 262
Currency of, 283
Ethnographic distribution, 262-263, 267-268
Khanates of, 250-253
Laws of, 275-280
Minerals of, 304
Orology of, 259, 260
Products and manufactures, 298-307
Provinces of, 242-247
Revenue of, 282-287
Rivers in, 260-276 (_See_ Rivers)
Russian relations with, 121-122, 356, 440, 443, 447, 457-458
Trade of, 236, 288-298, 306

Afridis, 264, 408, 417, 418, 419, 423, 446

Agerskski valley, 14

Agreements (_See_ Treaties)

Ahmed Khan, Sirdar, 189

Ahmed, Shah, tomb of, 190, 193

Akcha, 247, 258

Akrobat, 401

Aktash, 174

Ak-Tepe, 117

Aktinbinsk, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14

Alai mountains, 25, 26, 30

Alayar Khan, 62

Alcock, Surgeon-Captain A. W., 156

Alexander II., 60

Alexander of Macedon, 58, 62, 109

Alexandrovski, 18

Alexeieffski, 120, 124

Alichm Pamir, 174

Ali Mardan Khan, 377

Ali Masjid, 419 (_See also_ Khyber)

Ali Yai Khan, remarks of, 445

Alvar, 259

Amir Ullah Khan, 362, 436

Ampthill, Lord, 452

Amritsar, 202

Amu Daria (_See_ Oxus)

Amu Daria flotilla, 74, 75, 96, 97, 98, 102-104

Anardara, 204

Anderab, 244, 253

Anderson, Mr., 409

Andijan, 6, 11, 43, 49, 59, 110

Andkhui, 173, 242, 247, 258-259

Anglo-Afghan Boundary Mission, 155

Anglo-Russian Boundary Mission, 138, 141

Annenkoff, General, 7, 76

Annenkovo, 76, 77

Aral sea, 10, 16, 95, 96

Ardewan pass, 126, 157

Aris, 11

Army, 308-326
Under Abdur Rahman, 318-321, 325
Under Dost Mahommed, 308-311
Under Habib Ullah, 321-324
Under Shir Ali, 311-318

Askhabad, 3, 4, 5, 11, 70, 103, 173

Aslam Khan, Colonel, 419

Asmar valley, 403, 408, 425

Auckland, Lord, 1, 148

Aulie-ata, 8

Ayub Khan, 152, 187

Baber, 346

Badakshan, 242, 243, 244, 250-253, 405

Badghis, 156

_Bad-i-sad-o-bist roz_, 223

Badjira, 129

Baghdad, 237, 238

Baglan, 253

Bairam Ali, 77, 78, 79

Bajaur-Mohmands, 408, 412, 413, 414, 417

Bakhtiaris, 204

Bakwa plain, 181

Bala Murghab, 119, 135, 142

Balfour, Mr. A. J., speeches of, 457

Balkan hills, 96

Balkash, 8

Balkh, 173, 177, 242, 247, 250, 256-257, 260, 310-311

Balkh-Herat route, list of marches, 329-330

Baluchis, 204, 226, 227, 228, 241

Baluchistan, 189

Bam, 237

Bamian, 182, 243, 247

Band-i-Turkestan, 258

Bangash, Upper, 243

Bannu, 429

Barak pass, 228

Barakail, 250

Barkhani, 76

Barnaul, 8

Baroghil pass, 244

Barton, Captain, 419

Basawul, 359

Basra, 238

Basra-Baghdad-Kermanshah-Teheran route, comparison of, with
Nushki-Seistan route, 237, 238

Belgian customs in Seistan, 235

Beetroot in Chimkent district, 19

Bell, Captain R. C., 241

Bellew, _cited_, 197

Benadar Kalan, 185

Benn, Major, 232

Ber Kazan, 10

Bibi Halima, 360, 361, 366, 369

Biggs, General Yeatman, 419

Binket (_See_ Tashkent)

Bird, Major, 357, 358, 394, 395

Bird, General Corrie, 416

Bish Agatchski, 49

Black Sands of Bokhara (_See_ Kara Kum)

Blood, General Sir Bindon, 417, 425

Bodorodski, 59

Bokhara, Khanate of, 25-39
City, 2, 6, 30, 36-39, 49, 52, 70-71, 104
Bazaars, 34, 44
Commercial relations, 70, 71
Imports from Kandahar, 203
Irrigation, 94
Masjid-i-Jama, 36
Medjidi Kalyan, 35
Medresse Mir-i-Arab, 36
Minai Kalan, 36
Population, 26, 29, 30, 33
Products, 29-30
Registan, 34
Soil, 29-30
Submission to Russia, 150
Walls of, 30
Water difficulty, 25, 26, 33, 72
Women in, 33, 34

Bolan pass, 230

Bombay, imports from, into Kandahar, 201-202

Bori valley, 260

Bozai Gumbaz, 85

British agent in Kabul, 374
Agent at Koh-i-Malik-Siah, 234
Interests in Persia, 220 in Seistan, 241
Merchants at Bunder Abbas, 237
Relations with Afghanistan, 147, 148, 149, 155, 156, 220, 250,
373-375, 446, 454, 457, 458
Relations with Russia, 1-3, 187, 188, 189, 448
Support of Abdur Rahman as Amir, 356

Brett, Lieutenant, 241

Brodrick, Mr. St. John, 452

Brooke, Captain Victor, 453

Brown, The Misses, 354, 395, 399

Bruce, Mr., 409

Buluna Khel, 408

Bunder Abbas, 234, 237
British merchants at, 237
Rate of camel-hire, 234

Buner, 408

Burnes, Alexander, 147-148

Burrows, General, 152, 187

Bushire, 237

Bustan, 69

Butkhak, 243

Cameron, Mr., 394

Campbell, Lieutenant, 310-311

Canals:
Angar, 48
Balungar, 65
Bos Su, 11, 59
Emperor Nicholas I., 59
Khani Yab, 114
Russki, 61
Shari Rud, 33, 73
Tchüli, 18
Tokhtamish, 79
Tumen, 10

Caspian Sea, 4, 95, 96

Cavagnari, Sir Louis, 347

Central Asian railway, 8, 11, 15, 18, 70, 75, 103, 155, 173

Chageh, 231, 232, 234, 408

Chahil Dukteran, 112, 125

Chakdara, 414, 417

Chakmakchak, 182

Charasia, 152

Chardar, 67

Charhardeh valley, 346

Charjui, 8, 74, 75, 76, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109

Charog, 86, 90, 91, 174

Chasma Sabz, 126

Chelyabinsk, 23

Chemen-i-Bed, 120

Chernaieff, General, 20, 48, 60, 61

Chernaievo, 59, 60, 61

Chigman, 49

Chilas, 408

Chiltan hills, 226

Chimkent, 6, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23

Chitral, 408, 413, 414, 415
British occupation of, 403
Military establishments of, 427
Relief of, 414
Shir Afzal, Mehtar of, 413, 414

Christie, _cited_, 169

Chushka, 173

Cidj Duvan, 69

Clarendon, Lord, 445

Clarke, Mr., 406

Clements, Mr., 394

Cleveland, Major, 394, 399, 354, 399
Mrs., 354, 399

Coldstream, Lieutenant, 410

Coal, 14, 396

Communications, 91, 92, 93, 329-341

Connaught, T.R.H. Duke and Duchess of, 401

Connolly, _cited_, 169

Copper, 14

Cotton, 30, 69, 73, 78, 117

Court, _cited_, 197

Cranbourne, Lord, 451

Currency, 436

Curzon, Hon. George Nathaniel, M.P., 427
Literary works of, 427
Visits Kabul, 427

Curzon of Kedleston, Lord, 426, 439, 452
Abdur Rahman’s death and, 440
Dane Mission, 453, 454, 455
Habib Ullah, 451
N.-W. F. Province, 431, 432
Reforms of, 427

Customs, Belgian, in Seistan, 235

Dakka, 359, 429

Daly, Mrs., 391, 392, 394, 395

Dane, Sir Louis, 453, 454-456
Mission, 189, 348, 353, 357, 360
Treaty, 373, 455, 456

Darband, 90

Darwaz, 25, 29, 30, 93, 244

Dawar valley, 260

Dasht-i-Margo, 221

Daulatabad, 129

Deane, Major, 425

Dehdadi, 177, 257

Dera Ismail Khan, 409, 429

Dera Ismail Khan-Kandahar, list of marches between, 335-337

Deregez valley, 129

Dersai, 89

Deserts:
Bolshiye sands, 9
Bolshiye Barsuki sands, 12, 13, 14
Golodnaya, 62
Kara Kum, 1, 6, 18, 44, 73, 76, 77, 96, 129, 156
Maliye Barsuki, 9

Desert shrubs (_See_ Saxaoul)

Dir, 408, 417
Mir of, 413

Diseases:
Cholera, 450
Malaria, 18, 33, 50, 61, 114, 117, 124, 135
_Filaria Medinesis_, 33

Diwal Khol, 182

Djilgi valley, 11

Djulek, 10, 18

Djuma, 66

Dobbs, Mr. H. R., 453

Donald, Mr., 406

Donovan, Mr., 354, 394

Dost Mahommed, 169, 249, 269, 250
Afghan army under, 308, 311
Death of, 150
and Great Britain, 149

Dress, 379-384

Dufferin, Marquess of, 401, 402, 403

Durand, Major E. L., 155
Sir Mortimer, 405, 406, 446

Durani, Ahmed Shah, 249, 263, 264

Duranis, 178, 197, 263, 264, 344
Nurzai, 179

Durbadam, 129

Edrisi, 96

Education, 388-389

Edwards, Mr., 394

Elgin, Earl of, 409
Abdur Rahman, 416, 418, 420
Administration of, 439

Elles, Major-General Sir Edmond, 417, 418, 419

Ellis, Colonel, 406

Elphinstone, 348
_cited_, 197

Erivan, 130

Ersaris, 29, 111, 264

Europeans in Kabul, 394

Faizabad, 177, 242, 244, 253

Farab, 73, 74, 75, 96, 101, 103, 104, 129

Farah, 178, 180, 181, 182, 186, 249, 250
Strategic importance of, 181

Farkhar, 244

Fazindaz, 182

Fenn, Major, 406

Feramorz Khan, 162

Ferghana, 65

Ferozkhois, 264

Ferrier, _cited_, 169, 197

Ferries on the Oxus, 108

Festivals:
Asad, 388
Barat, 387
Id, 387, 416
Nauroz, 387, 415
Ramasan, 387

Fever, Kushk valley, 124
Murghab valley, 135
(_See_ Malaria)

_Filaria Medinesis_, 33

Finlayson, Mr., 347, 354, 394

Fishing industry, Aral basin, 16

Firuza, 129

Fleischer, Mr., 392, 394
Murder of, 358-360

Fleischer, Mrs., 360, 397-398

Forts, list of, 326-328

Fowler, Sir Henry, 409, 415

Frontier, N.-W.: activity on, 403
Province, 429, 430, 431

Galkin, Colonel, 156

Gandamak, 402
Treaty of, 151

Gardan Diwar, 182

Garmab, 182

Gee, Mr., 416

Gerard, Major-General M. G., 155

Germany, antagonism of, 217, 218
Misrepresentations of Press, 218, 219

Ghaoch Khol, 182

Gharan, 90, 91, 93, 244

Ghazis, 388

Ghazni, 243, 260, 262, 305, 343-345

Ghilzais, 197, 263-264, 344
Trade with Kabul, 243

Ghorband, 243

Ghori, 244, 253

Ghorian, 248

Ghulam Ali Khan, Sirdar, 177, 247

Ghulam Haidar Khan (Sipah Salar) 403, 406, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417,
425
Abdur Rahman and, 410
Kafiristan, 413
Umra Khan, 413

Ghulam Hussein (Sipah Salar), 453

Giers, M. de, 445

Gilgit, 414
Agency, 427
Military establishment of, 427

Girdi Tallao, 228

Girishk, 178, 182, 185, 186, 187, 250

Girishk-Seistan, list of marches between, 341-342

God-i-Zirreh, 211

Gold, 14

Goldsmid, Sir Frederic, 212
Mission, 213, 216, 217, 218

Golodnaya steppe, 59, 62

Gomul pass, 343, 344, 345

Gomul valley, 260, 413, 429

Gore, Captain St. George, 155

Gortchakoff, Prince, 445

Grant, Mr., 394, 409

Gray, Dr. J. A., 389, 391, 392, 394, 395

Griffin, Sir Lepel, 400

Gulriz, 369

Gumesli, 123

Gun-running, 397

Guthrie, Mr. T. B., 375

Guzar, 173

Habib Ullah, Amir, 355, 360, 361, 362, 415, 432, 446
Abdur Rahman and, 433, 450
Accession, 434, 435, 436
Afghan envoys, 452
Army under, 321-324
Border tribes and, 446, 447
Dane Mission and, 454, 456, 457
Death of Abdur Rahman, 434
Europeans employed by, 394 received by, 354-358
Gun accident to, 357, 358, 394
Hadda Mullah and, 441, 442, 443, 448
Harem of, 362-369
Id festival and, 439
Inayat-Ullah and, 452
Islamism, 387
Khawas Khan and, 447
Nazr Ullah and, 338, 447
Pedigree of, 365
Policy of, 247, 291, 370-371, 388, 397
Priestly influence upon, 362
Quetta-Chaman Railway, 441
Russia, 440-441, 444, 457
Shiahs and, 386
Subsidy, 441, 446, 450
Sunnis and, 386

Hadda Mullah, 415, 417, 422, 425, 441, 442, 443, 446, 448

Hafiz Ullah Khan, 253

Haibak, 243, 254

Haji Khak pass, 182

Hamilton, Lord George, 431, 445, 448
Miss Lillias, 389, 390, 391, 394

Hardinge, Sir Arthur, 219

Hastings, Mr. C., 410

Hari Rud, valley of, 156

Hayat Ullah Khan, 247, 362, 369

Hazaras, 169, 243, 264, 344, 402, 403, 405

Hazrat Ali, 82, 257
Imam, 253

Helmund river, 107, 178, 182, 185, 260-261
Fords and ferries, 185
Seistan boundary and, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216

Herat City, 110, 111 119, 124, 125, 130, 166, 169, 178, 180, 181
Citadel of, 161
Defences of, 157-162
Description of, 157, 158
Deterioration of, 170
Garrison of, 162
Population of, 169, 170
Strengthening of, 401

Herat:
Expedition to, 147, 148, 149
Independence of, declared, 148
India and, 136
Persia and, 148, 149, 249
Restoration of, to Afghanistan, 149
Russia and, 162, 165, 173
Strategic position of, 173
Trade of, 170, 173
Trans-Afghan Railway and, 189

Herat-Balkh, list of marches between, 329

Herat-Kandahar route, list of marches, 331-335

Herat-Maimana, list of marches between, 341

Herat, province of, 156, 248-249

Hindu Kush mountains, 1, 89, 90, 92, 242, 243, 244, 247, 259, 260

Hindus, 29, 33, 169, 197, 198, 230, 255, 256, 259, 344, 379

Hissar, 173

Holdich, Colonel Sir Thomas, 410, 413, _cited_, 197
Colonel T. H., 155
Major T. H., 155

Hough, _cited_, 197

Hunza, 403

Husseinabad, 223, 224

Huzar, 129

Ibrahim Khan, Sirdar, 362

Id festival, 387, 439

Idgah mosque, 387, 439

Igdy wells, 96

Ikan, 11

Ikram-ul-Mul, 129

Ilek, 7

Iletsk, 8, 13
Mines, 13

Ilijik, 104

Ilyan Uta defile, 62

Imam Baba, 117
Kuli, 129
Nasar, 129

Inayat Ullah Khan, 357, 362, 369
Visit to India, 452

Indekki palace, 406

Indian Government, border tribes, 447
Correspondence with Abdur Rahman, 401, 406, 416, 418-425
Claims of, 408
Relations with Kabul, 148-149, 250, 373-375, 446, 454, 457-458

Indian plague and Seistan, 235
Trade with Afghanistan, 295-297
Trade with Seistan, 235

Indus river, 260, 261, 429

Irghiz, 16

Iron, 14, 244

Irvine, Major W., 241

Isazais, 403

Ishkashim, 86, 90, 91, 93, 244

Ivanoff, General, 39

Jagdalik, 242

Jamshidis, 136, 169, 264

Jandol, Khan of, 413

Jan Mahommed, 169

Jelalabad, 243, 261, 408, 410

Jerome, Monsieur, 394

Jews, 29, 33, 114, 119, 169, 256, 259

Jizak, 43, 61, 62

Julfa, 130

Jusufzais, 264

Kabadian, 253

Kabir Jan Khan, 362

Kabul, 416
Arms traffic, 396-397
Bala Hissar, 347, 348
Bazaars of, 376-380
British agent in, 374
British occupation of, 148, 152
Cholera, 450
Europeans employed in, 394
European medical advisers, 390-395
Evacuation of, 1842, 148
Nauroz festival, 440, 442, 443
Industries:
Leather Factory, 396
Ordnance yards, 396
Postin, 305
Tanning yards, 396
Workshop, 396
Military Academy, 388
Palaces:
Dekusha, 347
Durbar Hall, 353
Erg, 348, 349
Indekki, 353
Shah Ara, 353
Russian emissary visits, 444, 445
Russian influence at, 148
Russian Mission, 148, 150, 151
Russian representative at, 448
Secret Intelligence Branch established at, 443
Shirpur cantonment, 346, 348
Situation of, 345-346
Temperature, 262
Trade of, 170, 203, 294, 345
University, Lahore College and, 388

Kabul-Kandahar, list of marches between, 338

Kabul-Oxus river, list of marches between, 338-340

Kabul-Peshawar, list of marches between, 340

Kabul province, 242-243

Kafarkala, 259

Kafiristan, 415

Kagan, 70

Kainar, 234

Kaisar, 259

Kakuris, 197, 204

Kala Bar Panja, 81, 82, 91, 173, 174, 176
Drosh, 414

Kala-i-Zist, 185

Kala-i-Mor, 119

Kala Kafir, 129

Kala Nao, 138, 249
Panja, 81, 82, 89, 176
Wamar, 174
Wanj, 174

Kandahar, 178, 180, 181, 187, 189, 190, 193, 242, 250
Area of, 250
Bazaars of, 197-198
British occupation of, 148
Intervention in, 250
Beggars in, 198
Climate of, 208-210
Connection with proposed railway, 187, 189
Defences, 190
Description of, 189-194
Diseases prevalent in, 210
Fruit industry of, 345
Horse trade of, 204, 207
Population, 194, 197
Products of, 298, 304-306
Relief of, 152
Revenue of, 250
Strategic importance of, and situation, 189, 190
Temperature, 262
Trade of, 198-208, 294

Kadahar-Dera Ismail Khan, list of marches between, 335-337

Kandahar-Herat route, list of marches, 331-335

Kandahar-Kabul, list of marches between, 338

Kara Kliss, 130
Kul, 30, 73
Kum, 1, 6, 18, 44, 73, 76, 77, 93, 94, 96, 129, 156
Teppe, 124

Karabyl hills, 117

Karategin, 93, 94

Karaul Kuyu, 76

Karawal Khana, 138

Karez, 235

Karki, 8, 43, 97, 98, 102, 109, 129, 173

Karmakchi, 10, 15

Karshine oasis, 26

Kashan valley, 119, 137

Kashtalinski, Colonel, 146

Kataghan, 93, 244

Katta Kurgan, 66, 67

Kauffman, General von, 47, 48, 58, 68

Kauffmanskaya, 58

Kaunchi, 59

Kazalinsk, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18

Keane, Lord, 148

Kelat, Khan of, 232

Kelat-i-Ghilzai, 250, 342

Kelif, 96, 97, 98, 102, 109, 173

Kelly, Colonel, 414

Kennedy, Mr., 445

Kerbela, 238

Kerman, 237

Kermanshah, 237

Kermine, 69

Kettechinar, 129

Khanabad, 247, 254

Kharkoff, 5, 19

Khash, 250

Khawas Khan, Habib Ullah and, 447

Khidarzais of Zhob, 403

Khiva, 6, 8, 15, 75, 81, 94, 96, 101, 147
Russian conquest of, 151

Khokand, 6, 11, 43, 49, 173
Khan of, 48

Khoja Daolet, 73
Kul, 14

Khojakand, 259

Khojand, 43

Khorassan, 124, 203, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240

Khost, 260, 433

Khudadad, 358

Khulm, 242, 247, 254, 260

Khudrud, 182

Khurram Sarbag, 254

Khwaja Amran, 402, 403
Sala, 109, 247

Khwaja-ali, 215

Khyber pass, 417, 418, 419, 428, 429, 446
Abandonment of, 417
Afridi attack upon, 418
Militia in, 417, 419

Khyber Rifles, 428, 454

Kieff, 5

Kila Abdulla, 402

Kin Asu defile, 14

King, Mr., 409

Kirghiz, 13, 14, 15, 18, 29, 33
Steppe, 1, 6

Kirshul, 59

Kishingi, 229

Kishm, 244

Kizil Rabat, 174
Steppe, 69

Kluchevi fortress, 61

Kohak, 213, 232

Kohat pass, 429

Koh-i-Malik-i-Siah, 213, 215, 232, 234

Koh-i-Mulla Khwaja, 157

Kohistan, 262

Kokcha valley, mines of, 244

Kok Tash, Samarkand, 43

Komaroff, Lieut.-General, 118

Konevski, Staff-Captain, 39

Konnogvardeiski, 59

Konstantinovitch, Grand Duke Nicholas, 59

Kopal, 8

Krasnovodsk, 11, 59, 70, 74, 79, 111, 155

Kuchan, 129

Kah-i-Khwajah, 213

Kukchinski, 49

Kulab, 93, 253

Kum Asu pass, 9

Kunar, 243

Krutorogin, Captain, 156

Kunduz, 173, 253, 260

Kungrad, 8, 96, 97

Kurak, 249

Kurban Kala, 77

Kurgan, 23

Kur Kulduk, 58

Kuropatkin, General, 62, 118, 120, 173, 440

Kuropatkino, 62, 65

Kurram Valley, 260, 414, 429
Militia, 429

Kushk (Afghan), 137
Valley, 80
Extent and population of, 136-137
Irrigation of, 137
Prevalence of fever in, 124
Trade of, 137

Kushkinski Post, 5, 111, 112, 124, 173, 187
Russian garrison at, 120-123
Station, 119, 120, 123, 125, 126
Strategic value of, 124

Kuyu Mazar, 69

Lakes:
Berkazan, 10
Chakmaktin, 82, 91
God-i-Zirreh, 211
Hamun, 180, 182, 211, 212, 213, 218, 260
Issyk-Kul, 8
Koss Kue, 13
Sara Kamish steppe, 96
Tchelkar, 9, 14
Victoria, 82, 85

Landon, Lieutenant C. P., 241

Langar Kisht, 85, 86, 89, 90, 174

Lansdowne, Marquess of, 402, 403, 406, 409

Lapis-lazuli mines, 244

Lash, 180

Liebertziet, Frau, 397

Lockhart, General Sir William, 413, 423, 424

Logar, 243

Lomakin, General, 61

Lomakino, 61

Low, General Sir Robert, 414

Lughman, 243

Lumsden, Sir Peter, 155, 401

Lundi Khana, 358
Dane Mission arrives at, 453
Udny Mission at, 409

Lundi Kotal, 359, 419

Lytton, Lord, 431

Macdonald, Sir John, 147

Macnaghten, Sir William, 377

Macpherson, Captain, 223

Mahommed Afzul Khan, 310, 311
Akbar Khan, 250, 253
Alum Khan, 250, 253
Mirza Shah, 147

Mahmud Shah, 253

Mahsud-Wagiri operations, 439

Mai Libash, 10

Maimana, 173, 242, 247, 253, 258-260

Maimana-Herat, list of marches between, 341

Maitland, Captain, 155

Maiwand, 152, 187

Malakand, 414, 417
Military establishment of, 427

Malaria in:
Bokhara, 33
Imam Baba, 117
Kushk region, 124
Merv, 50
Perovski, 18
Murghab valley, 112, 117
Jizak, 61

Malleson, Major W., 453

Mangan defile, 142

Manners-Smith, V.C., Captain, 406

Mardar, not Mirdar, 226

Margelan, 43, 49, 173

Martin, Mr. F. A., 358, 392, 394
Sir Acquin, 375, 394

Maruchak, 138, 141, 142, 173
Valley, 138

Masjid-i-Jama, 36

Masson, _cited_, 197

Mastang, 231

Maude, Fort, 419

Mayo, Lord, 150

Mazar-i-Sharif, 177, 247, 257, 369, 440, 451

Mazar-tepe, 85

McDermot, Mr., 283, 394

McMahon, Captain H. (_See_ Colonel Sir Henry)
Colonel Sir Henry, 214, 215, 241, 406

McNabb, Surgeon-Captain, 410, 413

McSwiney, Captain E. F. H., 155

Measures, table of Afghan, 306-307

Medjidi Kalyan, 35

Medresse, Mir-i-Arab, 36

Menzikoff, Prince, 147

Merv, 4, 5, 11, 50-56, 80, 110, 173, 440
Annexation of, 155, 401
District of, 76
Old, 52, 78, 114
Station of, 79, 111, 112

Merv-Herat road, 156-157

Meshed, 3, 52, 129, 130, 203, 234, 239
Russian commercial influence in, 236
Various routes to, 236-239

Meshed-Askakbad, proposed railway, 129

Meshed-Bunder Abbas, rate of camel-hire, 234

Middleton, Mr., 394

Mikhailovsk, 96

Miller, M., Russian Consul at Nasratabad, 214
Misrepresentation of, 217, 218, 219

Milyautinskaya, 62

Minar Kalan, 36

Mineral deposits of Afghanistan, 304

Minerals:
Coal, 14, 396
Copper, 14
Gold, 14
Iron, 14, 244
Lapis-lazuli, 244
Salt, 13, 244
Saltpetre, 181
Sulphur, 244

Mines of Aktinbinsk, 14
Iletsk, 13

Minjan, 244

Miranzai valley, 403

Mirza, Abbas, 147
Mahommed, 147

Missions:
Afghan Boundary, 1884; 155, 401, 402, 405
British visit to Jelalabad, proposed, 403-404
Bruce, 409, 413
Cavagnari, 151, 152, 347
of Condolence, 436, 440, 441
Dane, 453, 454, 455
Durand, 405, 406, 407
Goldsmid, 213, 216, 217, 218
Pamir Boundary, 155, 407, 415
Pamirs, 155
Roos-Keppel, 452
Roberts, proposed, 405
Udny, 409, 414, 452

Mitana Pefshanba, 67

Mohmands, 264, 408-409, 412-413, 425

Mongols, 264

Moscow, 4, 5
_Bourse Gazette_, statements of, 444

Mountains:
Alai, 25, 26, 30
Asmai, 345, 346
Badakshan, 91
Bend Chengurek, 120
Chupan Ata, 39, 65
Djaksi, 14
Djaman, 14
Gilkoh, 343
Go Um Tau, 65
Hindu Kush, 1, 89, 90, 92, 242-244, 247, 259, 260
Hissar, 25, 29, 30, 43, 44
Kara, 120
Kara Tau, 73
Karatavski, 23
Koh-i-Baba, 156, 182, 242, 259, 260
Kizi Kurt, 11
Mirdah, 226
Mugodjarski, 9, 12
Mustagh, 243
Nura Tau, 6, 62
Nuratinski, 62
Paropamisus, 120, 125, 156, 157
Sarikol, 243
Siah-koh, 213, 216
Sufed Koh, 242
Takht-i-Shah, 345
Tian Shan, 47
Trans Alai, 25, 93

Mouravieff, Count, 431

Mullagori country, 429

Mullah Powindah, 442
Said Akbar, 442

Multan, 202

Muminabad, 253

Munitions of war, 403, 407, 432, 433, 449, 450

Murad, Amir, 78, 146
Khan, 228, 229

Murgak, 72

Murghab Imperial estate, 78
River, 76, 80, 91, 93, 107, 111-114, 117, 119, 131, 136, 138, 146,
156
Valley, 80, 117, 131-146, 260
Prevalence of fever, 124
Railway, 3, 110, 111, 112, 120, 130
Trade of, 137

Murghabi, Fort, 174

Nadejdinski, 59

Nagornaya, 66

Naizar marsh, 211, 213

Namagut, 90

Namangan, 43

Naphtha, 14, 60

Narmashir, 237

Nasratabad, 179, 214, 217-219, 223-225
Garrison of, 225, 226
Russian Consul at, 214, 217, 218, 219, 224

Nasratabad-Nushki route, 226, 231-232

Naus, M., and Persian Customs, 235

Nawagai, 413

Nazr Ullah Khan, 360, 369, 386, 388, 415, 433, 436, 443, 447

Neh, 237

New Bokhara, 70
Chaman, 187, 189

Nialbash, 58

Ni-Amat Ulla, Shah; Wani of Kirman, 122

Nijni Volinski, 59

Nikolævski, 59

Nikolski, 49

Ningrahar valley, 408

North-W. F. Province, 429, 431

Novo Astrakhanski, 18

_Novoe Vremya_, statement of, 443-444

Nukus, 94, 96

Nushki, 229, 230, 429

Nushki-Quetta trade route, 226-229
Railway, 226

Nushki-Seistan trade route, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235
Camel-hire, revision of charges, 234, 335
Comparison of, with alternative routes, 236, 237, 238, 239
List of marches, Nushki-Nasratabad, 233
Trade facilities of, 234
Returns, 233

Nut, 89

Obeh, 249

Obi, 8
Siab ravine, 65

Obrutcheff, General, 61

Obrutchevo, 61

Obyetovanni, 59

Odessa, 5

Old Tashkent (Stari Tashkent), 58
Merv, 78

Omar Khan, Sirdar Mahommed, 360, 361, 366, 369, 436

Omsk, 8

Orakolow, Lieutenant, 156

Orakzais, 264, 403

Orenburg, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23

Orenburg-Tashkent, old post-road, 6, 7
Railway, administration of, 12
Alternative schemes to, 7, 8
Branch line to Syr Daria, 10
Construction of, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 50
Double track proposed, 11
Markets of Central Asia, 23, 24
Opened by General Kuropatkin, 440
Route followed by, 7, 8
Water-supply, 9, 13, 14, 16

Orsk, 6

Osh, 3, 4, 6, 43, 49, 173

Otrar, 11

Oxus flotilla, 74, 75, 96-98, 102-104
Region, temperature, 262
River, 8, 25, 26, 29, 43, 73, 74, 75, 76, 95, 96, 260, 261
Fall of, 98
Ferries and fords, 107, 108
Mines in valley of, 244
Mouths of, 94, 95
Navigation of, 96, 98, 104, 107
Russian and Afghan communications along, 91, 92
Russian military disposition along, 174, 175
Proposed railway to, 129
Source of, 81, 82
Trade upon, 104, 107
Upper, 82 (_See_ Panja)

Oxus-Kabul, list of marches between, 338-340

Pack, Mr. E. T., 375

Paghman hills, 182, 346

Paiwar Kotal, 151

Palankoh route, 234

Pamir, Alichur, 405
Boundary Mission, 4, 155
Fort, 405
Great, 82
Little, 82
Sarez, 405

Pamirs, 4, 25, 81, 82, 91, 92, 405, 407
Afghan position in, 407
Russian force in, 174

Panafidine, M., 156

Panja River, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93

Paropamisus mountains, 120, 125, 156, 157

Parsiwans, 197

Pathans, 263, 264 (_See also_ Ghilzai)

Patta Hissar, 75, 96, 97, 98, 102, 107, 173

Peacocke, Captain, 155

Pendjeh, 110, 111, 112, 119, 129, 145, 156, 173, 401
Fight at, 405

Pendjeh-Tanur-Sangi branch line, 80

Perovski, 6, 7, 10, 16-18
Count, 17
Fort, 17

Persia:
Designs upon Herat, 148, 149
Interests in Seistan, 213, 214
Obstruction to Seistan Boundary
Commission, 215, 216
Relations with Afghanistan,
Great Britain, and Russia, 147-149, 214

Perso-Afghan War, 147, 148, 149

Persians, 29, 33, 111, 114, 119, 198, 258, 264

Peshawar, 149, 429, 440, 449, 453

Peshawar-Kabul, list of marches between, 340

Pesski, 176

Petro-Alexandrovsk, 75, 96, 108

Pitniak, 94

Plague, Seistan and Indian, 235

Pollock, General, 377

Poltavski, 120, 124

Polytimætus (_See_ Zerafshan)

Postins, manufacture of, 305-306

Practitioners, native, 392, 393
European, 394

Ptuk, 86

Pul-alak, 185

Pul-i-Khatun, 129, 401

Pul-i-Khisti, 117
(_See_ Tash Kepri)

Pukhtun (_See_ Pathans)

Pyne, Mr. (_See_ Sir Salter)
Sir Salter, 373, 394, 396, 405, 408

Quetta, 187, 189, 215, 226, 228, 429
Railway, extension of, to New Chaman, 402

Quetta-Nushki railway, 226, 230, 231, 234
Route, 226-229, 291

Ragh, 244

Railways:
Across Persia, 130
Askhabad-Meshed, 129
Central Asian, 8, 11, 15, 18, 70, 75, 103, 155, 173
Indian, Kabul river, 429
Khyber, 429
Nowshera-Dargai, 428
Quetta-Chaman, 402, 441
Sakkur-Sibi, 401
Thau-Kushalgarh, 429
Murghab valley, 3, 110-130
Orenburg-Tashkent, 3-50
Russian, in Afghanistan, 457, 458
Saratoff-Uralsk, 8
Trans-Afghan, 189
Trans-Siberian, 7, 8, 11

Ramasan, 387

Ramsay, Captain, 241

Rang, 85, 86, 89

Ranjit Singh, British alliance with, 148

Ravania, 76, 77

Registan, Bokhara, 34
Samarkand, 40

Religion, 386-387, 388

Repetek, 76

Riches, Mr., 394

Ridgeway, Colonel Sir West, 155

Ripon, Marquess of, 400, 403

Rivers:
Ab-Dilawar, 182
Ab-i-Siah, 182
Ab-i-Wakhan, 82, 85
Abs-i-Panja, 82, 85, 93
Aksarai, 94
Ak-su, 19, 82, 91, 93
Alabass, 14
Argand-ab, 185, 260
Arghesan, 260
Arisi, 11, 19
Atrek, 129
Badam, 19
Balkh, 256
Bartang, 91, 93
Bolshoi, 9
Bugun, 19
Buraldai, 19
Burdjar, 19
Burgutai, 85
Burl, 14
Burt, 14
Chirchik, 47, 48, 49, 58, 59
Darban, 94
Djus, 14
Doaba, 255
Donguz, 13
Elshanka, 13
Embi, 9, 13
Farah Rud, 180, 211, 260
Farkhan, 254
Ghazni, 343
Ghori, 94
Ghund Daria, 90, 91, 174
Hari Rud, 130, 156, 248, 260, 261
Harud, 178, 211
Helmund, 107, 178, 182, 185, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 222, 260, 261
Ilek, 7, 13
Irtish, 8
Khargosh, 85
Kabul, 260, 261, 345, 346, 429
Kafirnahan, 94
Kaisar, 229
Karanzyak, 10
Kashan, 131, 137
Kashka, 25, 26
Keless, 11
Keshef Rud, 129, 130
Khabd, 14
Khanabad, 94
Khash, 211
Kizil-su, 94
Kokcha, 94, 247, 260
Krash, 221
Kuban, 14
Kubele, 9, 13
Kulab, 94
Kulden, 13
Kuljur, 9, 14
Kunar, 260
Kunduz, 94, 101, 108, 254
Kushk, 111, 113, 117, 119, 120, 131, 137, 138
Kutchuk-sai, 14
Little Pamir, 85
Logar, 260, 345
Mali Karagandi, 9
Maloi Khabd, 14
Murghab, 76, 80, 91, 93, 107, 111-114, 117, 119, 131, 136, 138,
146, 156
Narpai, 67, 68
Obi, 8
Oxus (_See_ Oxus)
Pamir, 82, 85, 86
Panja, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93
Panj-Kola, 414, 425
Panjsher, 242, 260
Salar, 11, 58
Sangalak, 258
Sanzar, 61, 62, 65
Shakh Dana, 91
Sherinab, 228
Suchan Daria, 91, 93
Surkan, 29, 94
Syr Daria, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 59
Taldik, 94, 95
Tchayan, 19
Tejend Rud, 130
Temir, 9, 13
Teress Butak, 14
Tezin, 182
Ulkan, 94
Ural, 7, 8, 9, 13
Wakhan Daria, 85
Wakhan-su, 85
Wakh-jir, 82, 85
Waksh, 29, 94
Yani Su, 94, 95
Zerafshan, 25, 26, 33, 39, 65, 67-69, 72, 73
Zirreh, 211

Robat, 232

Roberts, General Sir Frederick (_See_ Lord Roberts)
Lord, 151, 152, 403, 404, 405, 408

Robertson, Dr. Sir George, 414

Romanovski, 89
General, 61, 62

Roos-Keppel, Major, 452, 453

Rosebery, Earl of, 409

Roshan, 25, 253

Rostovtseff, Count, 65

Rostovtsevo, 65

Rubies, 244

Rudbar, 213

Russia:
Afghanistan and, 121-122, 148-150, 151, 162, 165, 173, 356, 405,
440, 441, 443, 444, 447, 452, 457, 458
Agents of, 444
and Great Britain, 1-4, 147, 187, 188, 189, 448
Imperial Bank of, 70, 129
Khorassan in, 236
in Mid-Asia, 2, 3-4, 5, 55-57, 149, 150, 174, 401
Oxus river and, 91, 149-150, 174, 175
Pamirs in, 405
Persia and, 147, 158
Seistan and, 214, 215, 217, 219, 236, 241

Russian Railways:
Askhabad-Meshed, 129, 130
Murghab Valley, 110-130
Railway schemes, 1, 126, 129,188, 189, 237
Trade with Afghanistan, 179, 295-298

Russo-Chinese Bank, 70

Russo-Persian War, 147

Rustak, 93, 244, 253

Saad-ud-Din Khan, 362

Sabzawar, 178, 179, 181, 186, 240, 249

Safi Mullah, 442

Said Akbar, 415

Saids of Peshin, 204, 207

_St. Petersburg Bourse Gazette_, 444

Sais Khaneh ravine, 62

Sakhir, 182

Sakis, 58

Salaam Khana, 387

Salisbury, Marquess of, 431

Salt, 13, 244

Saltpetre, 181

Samana, 414, 418, 429
Rifles, 429

Samara, 7

Samarkand, 3, 5, 6, 11, 39-44, 49, 52, 65, 110, 155, 173
Bazaars of, 43, 44
Bibi Khanum, 43
Capture of, by Russia, 149
Gur Amir, 43
Ivanovski Square, 39
Kok Tash, 43
Old town, 40, 43
Population, 39, 40
Registan, 40
Shir Dar, 40
Station of, 66
Tillah Kori, 40
Tomb of the Shah Zindeh, 43
of Timur, 43
Trade of, 40, 43, 66
Ulug Beg, 40
Urda, 43

Samchan, 89, 90

Samungli, 228

Sand shrubs (_See_ Saxaoul)

Saraghari, fort, 423

Sarakhs, 111, 129, 130, 156, 401

Saratoff-Uralsk railway, 8

Sarhad river, 82, 85, 247

Sari Agatch pass, 11

Saripal, 258

Sari Tchegonak, inlet, 10
Yazi, 117, 145

Sarlor Fakir, 415, 417

Sarshela ravine, 211

Sarts, 29, 111, 114

Sarwar Khan, Shahgassi Mahommed, 361, 362

Sauran, 20

Saxaoul, (desert shrub), 73, 75, 76, 77

Sayid Mozaffrar Eddin, Amir, 68

Sazan Bulak, 91

Seistan, 179, 186, 211, 212, 213, 214, 240, 241, 242
Afghan, 250
Afghan interests in, 213, 214
Belgian customs and, 235
Boundary Mission, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 241
British interests in, 241
Indian plague in, 235, 236
Irrigation of, 222
Persian interests in, 213-214
Population of, 213
Russian interests in, 214, 215, 236
Taxes and revenue of, 222, 223
Trade with India, 235

Seistan-Girishk, list of marches between, 340-341

Seistan-Nushki, overland route, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235

Sekuha, 213

Semipalatinsk, 8

Semut, 86

Shabkaddar, 417

Shah Maksud, 306
Zindeh, tomb of, Samarkand, 43

Shaikhantaurski, 49

Shakhri oasis, 26

Shar-i-Sabz, 129, 173

Shezand, 230

Shiahs, 169, 258, 386, 387

Shibirghan, 247, 258

Shignan, 25, 82, 91, 203

Shikarpur, 230

Shinwaris, 264

Shirabad, 129

Shir Afzal, 413-414
Ali, 150, 151, 250, 269-270
Conference with Lord Mayo at Umballa, 150
Refusal to admit British representatives to Kabul, 151
Reform of Afghan army by, 311-318
and Stolietoff Mission, 448
Dar, Samarkand, 40
Darwaza, Mrs., 345, 346

Shirtar, 86, 89

Shiwa, 244

Shoemaker, _cited_, 51

Shujah, Shah, 1, 48

Shuturket, 59

Shveikovski, Major-General Povalo, 156

Sibzyarski, 49

Sikandur Khan, 444

Si Khanah, 89

Simpheropol, 5

Skobeleff, 7, 10

Skobelevski, 18

Slave trade in Kandahar, 207-208

Slee, Mr., 231

Sokovnin, Colonel, 39

Somatash, 405

South African War, 439

Spies, Russian, in Mazar-i-Sharif, 451

Staal, M. de, 431

Stari Tashkent (Old Tashkent), 58, 59

Stewart, Lieutenant-General Sir Donald, 151, 152, 400
Lieutenant A. E., 241
Mr., 394

Stolietoff Mission, 448

Strabo, 95

Stroieff, M., 129

Sulphur, 244

Sultan-i-band, 114, 146

Sundukli, 73

Sunnis, 258, 386, 387

Superstitions, Afghan, 385-386

Swat, 408, 417, 427

Syabz oasis, 26

Syr Daria, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 59
Province, 81
Darinskaya, 59

Tabriz, 130, 237, 239

Tagis, 433

Taimanis, 169, 180, 264

Tajiks, 29, 30, 244, 258, 259, 264, 344

Takhta Bazar, 118, 119

Takht-i-pul, 173, 177, 257

_Takht-i-rawan_, 446

Talbot, Captain the Hon. M. C., 155

Talikhan, 253

Talkhatan Baba, 113

Tamerlane, Ark of, 65 (_See also_ Timur)
Gates of, 62 (_See also_ Timur)

Tanur Sangi, 80, 112, 119, 138, 173

Tarnak, 189, 260

Tartars, 18, 119

Tashkent, 4-7, 11-13, 15, 16, 20, 23-24, 43-50, 74, 79, 110, 173, 440
Alexandrovski Park, 48
Angar canal, 48
Capture of, by Russians, 60
Cathedral, 44, 47
Climate, 47, 49
District, 23
Population, 16
Dukhovskaya, 48
Fortress Esplanade, 49
Gospitalnaya, 48
Irrigation of, 12
Kailuski Prospekt, 48
Konstantinovski Square, 47
Native quarter, 49
Oasis of, 12
Old (_See_ Stari Tashkent)
Orenburg-, railway (_See_ Orenburg-Tashkent railway)
Population, 49, 50
Romanovski Street, 48
Russian garrison, 48-49
Quarter, 44, 48, 49
Sobornaya Boulevard, 48
Station of, 11
Town revenues, 48
Trade returns, 24
Turkestan Public Library, 48
Water difficulty, 48

Tash Kepri, 117-119, 135, 401

Tashkurgan, 174, 242, 247, 254, 255
Population of, 255

Tasker, Mr., 394

Tate, Mr., 241

Teheran, 130, 147, 237-239
Routes to, 237-239

Tejend, 111, 129, 156

Tekkes, 77, 114, 117

Temir Utkul, 13

Termes, 3, 8, 97, 129, 173

Thana, 417

Thornton, Mr. E. T., 354, 392, 394

Tian Shan mountains, 47

Tiflis, 130

Tigris river, 237

Tillah Kori, Samarkand, 40

Tilleri, 228

Timur, 11, 40, 43, 249 (_See also_ Tamerlane)
Tomb of, Samarkand, 43 (_See also_ Tamerlane)

Tirah operations, 423, 425, 426

Tirogkhoi plateau, 259

Tochi, 414, 416, 429

Torashekh, 119

Torkhana, 453

Trade of Afghanistan, 288-298, 306

Traku, 185

Trans-Afghan railway, proposed, 187

Trans-Atai mountains, 25, 93

_Trans-Caspian Gazette_, 218-219

Trans-Caspian railway, 3-6, 110, 111

Trans-Siberian railway, 7, 8, 11

Treaties:
Anglo-Russian, 1873, 406
Dost Mahomed and British, 149
Durand, 231, 373, 407, 408, 412, 446
Gandamak, 402
Khyber, 481

Trebizond-Tabriz-Teheran route, comparison of, with Nushki-Seistan
route, 239

Trench, Major, 223, 232

Tribal affairs, 270-271, 443, 447

Troitzki, 49

Tuckatoo hills, 2260

Turbat, 237

Turbat-i-Naidari, 235

Turcomans, 29, 33, 52, 258, 264

Turkestan, 7, 10-11, 20, 23, 179
Afghan (_See_ Afghan Turkestan)
Cotton Company, 67
Public Library, Tashkent, 48
Russian, 11, 20, 23, 39, 44, 47, 68

Turgai province, 13

Turkish Emissary to Abdur Rahman, 416

Turkoman Expedition, 61

_Twakim-ud-Din_, 415

Uch Udja, 76

Udny, Mr. (_See_ Sir Richard Udny)
Sir Richard, 410, 412, 417-419, 452
Proclamation, 410, 412, 413

Ulia Jancah, 362

Ulug Beg, Samarkand, 40

Ulyanin, Colonel, 111

Umra Khan, 413, 425

Upper Oxos (_See_ Panja river)

Ural Cossacks, 18

Uralsk, 8

Urda, Samarkand, 43

Urt plateau, 182

Urta Chul steppe, 30

Urumbai, 59

Usef Khan Barakzai, 362

Ushturket, 59

Utch Tubeh, 59

Uzbegs, 30, 33, 258, 259, 264

Uzboi channel, 96

Vaganzi, 69

Vambéry, _cited_, 169, 170

Vani Kurgan, 20

Venice Sanitary Congress, 235

Verevkin, General, 20

Verkhni, 59

Verni, 8, 11, 20

Victoria, lake, 82, 85

_Viedomosti_, statements of, 444

Vrevskaya, 58

Wahab, Lieutenant-Colonel R. A., 155

Wakhan, 91-93, 242, 244, 247, 253
Valley, 85, 86

Wakh-jir pass, 82, 85

Walter, Mr., 394

Walters, Major H. F., 241

Wanliss, Major, 453

Wano, 345, 413, 414, 416

War, Afghan, First, 148
Second, 151, 152, 448
Perso-Afghan, 148-149

Ward, Mr., 241

Ware, Captain Webb, 232

Waziris, 264

Waziristan, 408, 413, 416, 429, 439

Weights, Afghan, 307

Welman, Doctor, 156

Women in Afghanistan, 197, 383-385
in Bokhara, 33, 34

Wood, Lieutenant, 82, 85

Wood’s Lake (_See_ Victoria Lake)

Woodside, Mr., 231

Yaghistan, 408

Yaims, skirmish at, 407

Yakatut, 72

Yakshi Kargach river, 14

Yakub Khan, 151, 152

Yarkand, 255

Yate, Colonel A. C., 182, 449
_cited_, 170
Lieutenant A. C., 155
Major C. E., 155

Yezd, 237

Yonoff, Captain, 405

Young, Mr., 231

Yulatan, 111, 113, 114, 145, 146

Zakka Khels, 446

Zamindawar, 178, 186

Zangi-ata, 58

Zarghun hills, 226

Zarghim, 226

Zebak, 244

Zerafshan river, 25, 26, 33, 39, 65, 67-69, 72, 73

Ziadin, 68, 69

Zirabulak, 68

Zhob valley, 260, 403

Zulfikar, 129, 401

Zung, 86, 89

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Transcriber’s Note:

Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, _like this_; those in bold by equal signs, =like this=. Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the chapter. Footnotes [27], [56] and [57] have multiple anchors. A few anchors are positioned at the beginning of the sentence.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left unchanged. Misspelled words were corrected. Where spelling varies between an index entry and the text of the book, the index entry was adjusted to match the text. Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or missing letters and punctuation, were corrected. Use of italics was made consistent in various lists. Final stops missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added.

The variance between Julian and Gregorian dates in Appendix IV are displayed separated by a slash, e.g. December 1 / 13.

Very wide tables were split into sections to fit electronic screens. Follow-on sections are preceded by [TN: Table continues]. Some tables may not display completely on small handheld devices.

The pedigree chart in Chapter XIV was converted to a descendant format to fit electronic screens. Spouses are indented between the male's name and their children.

There may be a digit not printed in Appendix X, last column for entry of Mercery, &c.

Mimosa, _Acacia_ was changed to Mimosa, _Albizia_