Chapter XVI: Appendix: A

TREATY OF ALLIANCE CONCLUDED BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND TURKEY ON THE 8th OF JULY, 1833.

_In the Name of Almighty God._

Translation.

His Imperial Majesty the most high and most puissant Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, and his Highness the most high and most puissant Emperor of the Ottomans, equally animated by a sincere desire to maintain the system of peace and good harmony happily established between the two Empires, have resolved to extend and to strengthen the perfect amity and confidence which reign between them by the conclusion of a Treaty of defensive Alliance.

In consequence, their Majesties have chosen and nominated as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the most excellent and the most honourable Alexis Count Orloff, his Ambassador Extraordinary at the Sublime Ottoman Porte, &c. &c.

And Mr. Apollinaire Bouténeff his Extraordinary Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Sublime Ottoman Porte, &c. &c.

And his Highness the Sultan of the Ottomans, the most illustrious and most excellent the oldest of his Viziers, Hosrew-Mehmet Pacha, Seraskier Commander-in-chief of the regular Troops of the Line, and Governor-General of Constantinople, &c. &c. the most excellent and the most honourable Ferzi-Achmet Pacha, Mouchir and Commander of his Highness’s Guard, &c. &c.; and Hadji-Mehmet-Akif Effendi, actual Reis Effendi, &c. &c.

Who after having exchanged their full powers, which have been found in good and regular form, have agreed upon the following Articles.

ARTICLE I.

There shall be for ever Peace, Amity, and Alliance between H. M. the Emperor of all the Russias, and H. M. the Emperor of the Ottomans, their Empires and their Subjects, as well by land as by sea. This Alliance having solely for its object the common defence of their States against all attack, their Majesties promise to have a mutual and unreserved understanding as to all objects which concern their tranquillity and safety respectively, and to lend to each other for this purpose _materiel_ succours and the most efficacious assistance.

ARTICLE II.

The Treaty of Peace concluded at Adrianople on the 2nd of September, 1829, as well as all the other Treaties comprised in it, as well as the Convention signed at St. Petersburg on the 14th of April, 1830, and the arrangement concluded at Constantinople on the 9th (21st) of July, 1832, relative to Greece, are confirmed throughout all their tenour by the present Treaty of defensive Alliance as if the said Transactions had been inserted in it word for word.

ARTICLE III.

In consequence of the principle of conservation and of mutual defence which serves as the basis for the present Treaty of Alliance, and by reason of the most sincere desire to assure the duration, the maintenance, and the entire independence of the Sublime Porte, H. M. the Emperor of all the Russias, in case that circumstances which might again determine the Sublime Porte to claim naval and military aid from Russia, should occur, although the case be not now foreseen, if it please God, promises to furnish by land and sea as many troops and forces as the contracting parties shall deem necessary. It is accordingly agreed that in this case the forces by land and sea whose assistance the Sublime Porte shall demand, shall be held at its disposal.

ARTICLE IV.

According to what has been said above, in case one of the two Powers shall have demanded assistance from the other, the expenses only of provisions for the forces by land and sea which shall have been furnished, shall fall to the charge of the Power which shall have demanded the succour.

ARTICLE V.

Although the two high contracting Powers be sincerely disposed to maintain this engagement to the most remote period, inasmuch however as it is possible that hereafter circumstances may require some alterations in this Treaty, it has been agreed that its duration should be fixed at eight years, to run from the date of the exchange of the Imperial Ratifications. The two Parties, before the expiration of that term, shall agree according to the state in which things shall be at that epoch, upon the renewal of the Treaty.

ARTICLE VI.

The present Treaty of defensive Alliance shall be ratified by the two High Contracting Parties, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Constantinople, within the period of two months, or sooner if possible.

The present Instrument, containing six Articles, and to which the last hand shall be put by the exchange of the respective ratifications, having been drawn up between us, we have signed and sealed it with our Seals, in virtue of our full powers, and delivered, in exchange for another of the like tenour, into the hands of the Plenipotentiaries of the Sublime Ottoman Porte.

Done at Constantinople, the 26th of June (8th of July), in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three (the 20th of the moon of Safer, in the year 1249 of the Hegira).

(Signed)
COUNT ALEXIS ORLOFF (L. S.)

(Signed)
A. BOUTENEFF (L. S.)

_Separate Article of the Treaty of Alliance concluded between Russia and Turkey, on the 8th of July, 1833._

In virtue of one of the clauses of the First Article of the Patent Treaty of defensive Alliance concluded between the Sublime Porte and the Imperial Court of Russia, the two High Contracting Parties have engaged to lend mutually _materiel_ succours and the most efficacious assistance for the safety of their respective states. Nevertheless, as H. M. the Emperor of all the Russias wishing to save the Sublime Ottoman Porte the expense and the inconveniences which might result to it from lending such _materiel_ succour, will not demand this succour should circumstances place the Sublime Porte under the obligation to furnish it, _the Sublime Porte in lieu of the succour which it is bound to lend in case of need according to the principle of reciprocity of the Patent Treaty, should limit its action in favour of the Imperial Court of Russia to shutting the strait of the Dardanelles, that is to say, not to permit any foreign vessel of war to enter it under any pretext whatsoever_.

The present separate and secret Article shall have the same force and validity as if it were inserted word for word in the Treaty of defensive Alliance of this day.

Done at Constantinople the 26th of June (8th of July), in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three (the 20th of the moon of Safer, in the year 1249 of the Hegira).

(Signed)
COUNT ALEXIS ORLOFF (L. S.)
(Signed)
A. BOUTENEFF (L. S.)