Chapter XXVIII: Part 28

“This division nobly maintained the character of the Indian Army,
taking and spiking the whole of the enemy’s guns in their front, and
dispersing the Sikhs wherever they were seen.”—_Lord Gough’s
despatch._

Footnote 130:

Forty guns, twelve of which were brought into the British camp.

Footnote 131:

Thirty-eight officers and five hundred and sixty-four men killed,
ninety-four officers and one thousand five hundred and fifty-seven men
wounded, and one hundred and four missing.

Footnote 132:

Lieutenant Philpotts having been some time on the station was well
known and respected by Heke and the natives. At the head of his men,
while endeavouring to hew down the palisades with an axe, the
defenders called to him by name, and told him to go away, or they
should shoot him. This he disregarded and fell. His body being left in
possession of the Maories, was by them cooked and partly eaten.

Footnote 133:

The loss would have been greater but for the noble conduct of Allen,
the bugler of the detachment, a mere lad: who when struck on the right
arm by a tomahawk in the act of sounding the alarm, seized the bugle
with his left, and gave a blast which effectually roused his sleeping
comrades, when another stroke laid him dead on the ground.

Footnote 134:

The soldiers blamed the sailors for the miscarriage of this affair,
who retaliated by making a similar charge against the military. The
day was closing when the assault took place, and it appears that when
the party led by Commander Hay got into the interior of the “pa,”
nothing could at first be seen but a few wounded Maories lying about,
and concluding the place to be abandoned, some of the men began
straggling in search of plunder. The enemy, who had lain concealed and
secure from the bombardment, in holes dug out of the earth covered
with turf and brushwood, suddenly rose up on all sides, and poured in
such close and withering volleys that the stormers seeing their
officers all shot down, were seized with a panic, and discipline was
at an end.

Footnote 135:

General Cameron wrote in his despatch “The 43rd Regiment: the Service
have sustained a serious loss in the death of Lieut.-Colonel Booth,
which took place on the night after the attack. I have already
mentioned the brilliant example shown by the officers in the assault;
and when I met him on the following morning as he was being carried
out of the work, his first words were an expression of regret that he
had found it impossible to carry out my orders.”

Footnote 136:

Corporal J. Byrne, V.C., of the 68th., when the order to charge was
given, was the first man of his company into the rifle-pits; a Maori,
whom he ran through with his bayonet, seized his rifle with one hand,
and holding it firm, with the bayonet through his body, tried to cut
down the corporal with his tomahawk, but his life was saved by
Sergeant Murray, who for his distinguished bravery on the occasion was
awarded the Victoria Cross. Sergeant Murray charged a rifle-pit
containing from eight to ten of the enemy, and, single-handed, killed
or wounded every one of them.

Footnote 137:

So numerous were these expeditions, that no less than _fifteen_
occurred between the years 1849 and 1855 inclusive.

Footnote 138:

18th., eight hundred and fifty men; 51st., nine hundred; 80th., four
hundred and sixty; Artillery, five companies, five hundred and
seventeen; Native Infantry, three regiments, two thousand eight
hundred; Gun Lascars, seventy; Sappers and Miners, one hundred and
seventy; in all five thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven men.

Footnote 139:

Captain John Augustus Wood, of the 20th. Bombay Native Infantry,
gained the Victoria Cross for his gallantry on the 9th. of December.
On that day he led the grenadier company, which formed the head of the
assaulting column. He was the first man on the parapet of the fort,
where he was instantly attacked by a large number of the garrison, who
suddenly sprang on him from a trench cut in the parapet itself. These
men fired a volley at Captain Wood and the head of the storming party,
when only a yard or two distant; although struck by no less than seven
musket-balls, he at once threw himself upon the enemy, passed his
sword through the body of their leader, and, being closely followed by
the men of his company, speedily overcame all opposition, and
established himself in the place. His wounds compelled him to leave
the force for a time; but with the true spirit of a good soldier, he
rejoined his regiment, and returned to his duty at Bushire before the
wounds were properly healed.

Footnote 140:

Lieutenants Arthur Thomas Moore (Adjutant), and John Grant Malcolmson,
of the 3rd. Bombay Light Cavalry, here gained the Victoria Cross. On
the occasion of an attack on the enemy on the 8th. of February, 1857,
led by Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes, C.B., Lieutenant Moore, the Adjutant
of the Regiment, was, perhaps, the first of all by a horse’s length.
His horse leaped into the square, and instantly fell dead, crushing
down his rider, and breaking his sword as he fell among the broken
ranks of the enemy. Lieutenant Moore speedily extricated himself, and
attempted with his broken sword to force his way through the press;
but he would have assuredly lost his life had not Lieutenant
Malcolmson, observing his peril, fought his way to his dismounted
comrade through a crowd of enemies, and, giving him his stirrup,
safely carried him through everything out of the throng.

Footnote 141:

“To Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, and to his brave companions
in arms, the Governor-General in Council desires to offer an early
assurance of the warm approbation and thanks which they have so well
merited. These are especially due to Major-General Stalker, C.B., and
to Colonel Lugard, C.B., chief of the staff, who are described by Sir
James Outram as having guided the troops to victory in the time—most
happily not of long continuance—during which he was disabled by a
severe fall from his horse.”—_Fort William, March 12th, 1857._

Major-General Stalker and Commodore Ethersey both destroyed themselves
at Bushire, while labouring under mental aberration; the former on the
14th. of March, 1857, and the latter three days afterwards.

Footnote 142:

Sir Charles Napier, in a General Order of February 16th., 1850, thus
speaks of these operations. “The fighting and labour fell on those who
had to scale precipices to secure the camp, and when marching to
protect the front, flank, and rear of the column while passing through
a dangerous defile, thirteen miles in length, under a constant fire of
matchlock men. It is said that in making this march Runject Singh lost
1,000 men. The Commander-in-Chief does not know whether this story is
correct or not, but Brigadier Sir Colin Campbell has not lost twenty,
nor was there one bit of baggage taken by our enemies, though they are
renowned for being the most daring and dexterous plunderers in the
world.”

Footnote 143:

The Afridis are divided into eight principal Khails, or tribes, which
are nearly always at war with each other. Each tribe has a debtor and
credit account with its neighbour, life for life, and consider revenge
the strongest of all obligations, but among them hospitality is the
first of virtues.

Footnote 144:

In 1858, a force under Sir Sidney Cotton was despatched to Sittana, on
the Eusufyze border, against a body of Hindostanee Wahabee fanatics,
who had committed depredations on British villages. The 81st. and
98th. Regiments were the only British troops employed in this
expedition, which was successful.

Footnote 145:

“An officer seeing a stir upon the hill side amongst the European
troops sent out to the scene of an action fought two days before, and
a large group assembled about some object on the ground, ascended a
rock above them to learn the cause. A curious sight presented itself.
In the centre lay the mutilated body of a slain comrade, and at its
head stood a non-commissioned officer with a Testament in his hand.
Man after man came up, and to each was administered a solemn oath that
from that day they would neither save nor spare, but pay that debt to
the uttermost. That oath was afterwards well kept.”—_Fosbery’s Umbeyla
Campaign._

Footnote 146:

The Umbeyla expedition was scarcely ended, when the Mohmund tribe made
a raid into British territory at Shubkuddur, and killed an officer of
the Irregular Cavalry who opposed them. To punish the tribe, the Doab
Field Force was formed under Colonel Macdonnel, who encountered and
severely defeated the Mohmunds near Shubkuddur, January 2nd., 1864.
The European troops engaged in this affair were three troops of the
7th. Hussars, and 3rd. Battalion Rifle Brigade; who, twelve years
afterwards, were given the Indian Medal, with the “North West
Frontier” clasp.

Footnote 147:

Two guns and a number of wounded were abandoned during the retreat,
the men of the 43rd. Bengal Infantry refusing to carry them; but to
the honour of the Bhootan General, Tongso Punlow, he treated all the
wounded very kindly, fed them, and sent them to the British camp, each
man with a small present.

Footnote 148:

In one of their raids the Looshais carried off an English girl from a
plantation, which was one cause of the expedition being organised
against them. At the end of war the girl was given up by the Looshai
chiefs.

Footnote 149:

The following is a portion of the farewell order issued by General
Bourchier, on the breaking up of the force:—“From the beginning of
November to the present time, every man has been employed in hard
work, cheerfully performed, often under the most trying circumstances
of heat and frost—always bivouacking on the mountain side, in rude
huts of grass or leaves; officers and men sharing the same
accommodation, marching day by day over precipitous mountains,—and
having made a road fit for elephants from Luckipur to Chipoune, a
distance of 103 miles. The spirits of the troops never flagged; and
when they met the enemy, they drove them from their stockades and
strongholds, until they were glad to sue for mercy.”

Footnote 150:

Three Naval Brigades were employed in these expeditions. One, under
Captains Butler and Singleton, co-operated with General Colborne on
the Perak river; another, under Commander Garforth, comprising
officers and men of the “Philomel,” “Modeste,” and “Ringdove,”
co-operated with the column under Brigadier-General Ross; and a third,
under Commander Stirling, was engaged on the Perak and Lakut rivers.
The brigade under Captain Butler, was for one month without vegetables
or bread, and lived on tinned meats, varied occasionally by the flesh
of a wild buffalo. During the ten days advance to Kinta, the men
frequently marched through stagnant water waist-deep, under torrents
of rain, and slept in the open-air without cover of any kind. The
officers and crews of H.M.S. “Egeria,” “Charybdis,” and “Hart” also
took part in the operations.

Footnote 151:

A Naval Brigade, under Captain Clutterbuck, captured a Burmese
position at Mayangyan on November 23rd.

Footnote 152:

By a General Order issued January 3rd., 1888, the Indian Medal of
1854, with a clasp inscribed “Burma, 1885–87” was granted “to the
troops engaged in the operations between November 14th., 1885, and
April 30th., 1887.” A bronze medal and clasp, of a similar pattern was
given to all recognised Government followers who accompanied the
troops so engaged. Another Order of December 3rd., 1889, notifies—“the
Queen’s command, that the grant of the Indian Medal of 1854, with a
clasp inscribed “Burma, 1887–89,” shall be extended to all troops
engaged in the military operations in Upper Burma, and to those
actually engaged in Lower Burma, between the 1st. of May, 1887, and
the 31st. of March, 1889. A medal and clasp of similar pattern, but in
bronze, is to be issued to all authorised Government followers, who
accompanied the troops. Officers and men who already possess the
Indian medal, including those wearing the clasp “Burma, 1885–87,” will
receive the clasp only.” The medal was struck in England, but the
clasp was made in Calcutta. The names of the recipients and their
regiments are engraved on the edge of the medal.

Footnote 153:

The European regiments engaged in this expedition were the 1st.
Battalions of the 6th. and 19th. Foot, who received the Indian Medal,
with the “North West Frontier” clasp.

Footnote 154:

A parallel circumstance is found in the campaigns in Spain, during the
reign of Queen Anne. The day before the battle of Saragossa, which was
fought on the 20th. August, 1710, several men who were so pressed with
hunger and thirst as to venture to gather grapes in a vineyard
situated between the two armies, were shot by the enemy’s outposts.

Footnote 155:

As an instance of this, the following circumstance has been narrated
to the author by an officer, who, on following the second division up
the heights after the battle, found a poor fellow that had escaped
untouched by the enemy’s fire, dying of cholera. He offered the man a
drop of brandy, who refused it, saying, “It’s too late, sir, there is
no use wasting it on me.”

Footnote 156:

This officer also behaved with great gallantry at the assault on the
Redan, 8th. September, 1855, where he was shot through both thighs.

Footnote 157:

For this and other interesting information the author is indebted to
Colonel Lysons, C.B., who served throughout the Crimean Campaign, and
is now employed as Assistant Adjutant-General upon the Staff of
Lieutenant-General Sir James Frederick Love, K.C.B., Inspector General
of Infantry.

Footnote 158:

It cannot be too generally known that there is an excellent model of
the Siege of Sebastopol deposited in the Museum of the United Service
Institution, Whitehall Yard, which forms a worthy companion to that of
the Battle of Waterloo, by Captain Siborne, also to be seen there. The
Sebastopol model owes its origin to the following circumstances:—While
the war in the Crimea was still being carried on, His Royal Highness
the Prince Consort, as a mark of the continued interest he has always
taken in the above Institution, presented to its Museum, in November,
1855, a model of the Siege of Sebastopol, based upon the best
information that could at that time be procured in England. His Royal
Highness, on presenting it, made a stipulation that the council would
take steps to mark (in colour or otherwise), the exact position of the
attacks of the allies, and of the Russian defences at the time of the
capture of the place.

The council lost no time in inviting some officers who had lately
returned from the Crimea, to undertake the completion of the model,
according to His Royal Highness’s wishes; difficulties, however,
presented themselves in endeavouring to carry this out in a
satisfactory manner, which it was found impossible to overcome. In the
meantime, at the expiration of the war in 1856, the officers of the
Royal Engineers and of the Quartermaster-General’s department had
completed their official surveys of the country, and, with His Royal
Highness’s concurrence, it was resolved to construct a new model,
based upon the latest and most accurate information. Colonel F. W.
Hamilton, C.B., of the Grenadier Guards, who was wounded at the Battle
of Inkermann, undertook the execution, the officers of the Army and
Navy being invited to subscribe to a fund for defraying the necessary
expenses, the Prince Consort heading the list with a donation of £50.
The model is constructed to a horizontal scale of eleven inches to one
mile, or one inch to four hundred and eighty feet. A succinct but
valuable description of the model by Colonel Hamilton has been
printed, from which the above particulars have been extracted.

Footnote 159:

All inventions and resources were pressed into service during the war:
photography lent its aid; a telegraph and a railroad were ultimately
constructed; and Soyer made his culinary campaign; but from the first
the leading public journals had their representatives in the field.
The letters of Mr. W. H. Russell, the special correspondent of “The
Times,” were eagerly read by all, and the above has been extracted
from that gentleman’s work, “The British Expedition to the Crimea.”

Footnote 160:

“The English cavalry, commanded by Lord Cardigan, had attacked our
brigade of hussars (6th. Cavalry Division), with extraordinary
impetuosity, but being themselves assailed in flank by four squadrons
of our combined regiment of Lancers, they were thrown back, while the
artillery of the 12th. and 16th. divisions fired after them with
canister, and the Lancers with their carbines.”

“The English cavalry, while charging our hussars, succeeded in
penetrating to the battery of Don Cossacks, No. 3, and cut down some
of its gunners.”—_Extract from Prince Menschikoff’s despatch, dated
25th. October, 1854._

“The enemy’s attack was most pertinacious; he charged our cavalry in
spite of the grape fired with great precision from six guns of the
light battery, No. 7, in spite of the fire of the skirmishers of the
regiment “Odessa,” and of a company of the fourth battalion of
“Tirailleurs,” that stood on the right wing, and even unheeding the
artillery of General Yabokritski.”—_General Liprandi’s report to
Prince Menschikoff, 26th. October, 1854._

Footnote 161:

In the “Curiosities of War,” are shown the numerous battles which have
been fought on Sundays, especially on Palm, Easter, and Whit Sundays.
From the Wars of the Roses to the time of Wellington, Sunday has been
memorable in English military annals. It is a stern necessity, that
offers so strong a contrast to the prayer which then is ascending from
ivied village church or stately city fane, to preserve us “from battle
and murder, and from sudden death.” The Peninsular War was fruitful in
Sunday fighting, and the following instances in that and more recent
campaigns are here inserted, as being intimately connected with the
“Medals of the British Army.”—The second battle in Portugal, that of
Vimiera, was fought on Sunday, 21st. August, 1808. The battle of
Fuentes d’Onor was gained on Sunday, the 5th. of May, 1811. On Sunday
evening, 10th. January, 1812, Lord Wellington issued the brief and
determined order, that “Ciudad Rodrigo must be carried by assault this
evening, at seven o’clock.” The battle of Orthes was fought on Sunday,
the 27th. of February, 1814, and that of Toulouse—the last general
action of the Peninsular War—occurred on Easter Sunday, the 10th. of
April following. The Battle of Waterloo was also decided on Sunday,
the 18th. of June, 1815. The second Burmese War afforded two
examples:—Easter Sunday the 11th. April, 1852, the attack on the lines
of defence at Rangoon; and the attack and capture of Pegu, on Sunday,
the 21st. of November, 1852. The victory of Inkermann, as above
narrated, was achieved on Sunday, the 5th. of November, 1854. And it
was on Sunday, the 10th. of May, 1857, that the terrible Indian Mutiny
broke out at Meerut.

Footnote 162:

“Every bush hid a dead man, and in some places small groups lay
heaped. In a spot which might have been covered by a common bell-tent,
I saw lying four Englishmen and seven Russians. All the field was
strewn; but the space in front of the two-gun battery, where the
Guards fought, bore terrible pre-eminence in slaughter. The sides of
the hill, up to and around the battery, were literally heaped with
bodies. It was painful to see the noble Guardsmen, with their large
forms and fine faces, lying amidst the dogged, low-browed Russians.
One Guardsman lay, in advance of the battery, on his back, with his
arms raised in the very act of thrusting with the bayonet; he had been
killed by a bullet entering through his right eye. His coat was open,
and I read his name on the Guernsey frock underneath—an odd
name—‘Mustow.’ While I was wondering why his arms had not obeyed the
laws of gravity, and fallen by his side when he fell dead, a Guardsman
came up and told me he had seen Mustow rush out of the battery and
charge with the bayonet, with which he was thrusting at two or three
of the enemy, when he was shot. In their last charges the Russians
must have trodden at every step on the bodies of their
comrades.”—_“The Story of the Campaign of Sebastopol,” by
Lieutenant-Colonel E. Bruce Hamley, Royal Artillery._

Footnote 163:

The first notice of the advance of the Russians was given by Sir
Thomas Troubridge, who commanded the outposts of the first brigade of
the Light Division. After relieving the advanced sentries, he went
down before daybreak towards the Mamelon, and, sweeping the ground
with a field-glass, descried the enemy on the opposite side of the
ravine.

Footnote 164:

Some misapprehension having arisen regarding the numbers then actually
belonging to the army in the Crimea, in consequence of the above
statement in Lord Raglan’s despatch, the following return of the
strength on the 4th. of November, 1854, is inserted:—

Cavalry. Artillery and Infantry.
Sappers & Miners.
Under arms 1,417 3,154 17,436
Detached on command, Bâtmen, and 449 260 4,353
otherwise employed
Sick { Present 149 50 1,131
Sick { Absent 512 130 5,104
————— ————— ——————
2,527 3,594 28,024
Officers 107 147 708
Total officers and men, 4th. November, 1854 35,107.

The brigade of Highlanders, upwards of 2,000 men, was at Balaklava;
the third division of 3,400 men occupied the heights in rear of the
trenches, a sortie from the town being expected: and about 3,600 were
in the trenches; these, deducted from 17,436, the “Infantry under
arms,” leave 8,436, nearly agreeing with the number given in the
despatch.

Footnote 165:

“At one time, while the Duke was rallying his men, a body of Russians
began to single him out, and to take shots at him in the most
deliberate manner. A surgeon, Mr. Wilson, 7th. Hussars, who was
attached to the brigade, perceived the danger of his Royal Highness,
and with the greatest gallantry and coolness, assembled a few men of
the Guards, led them to the charge, and utterly routed and dispersed
the Russians. The Duke’s horse was killed in the course of the fight.
At the close of the day he called Mr. Wilson in front of the regiment
and publicly thanked him for having in all probability saved his
life.”—_“Expedition to the Crimea,” by W. H. Russell, L.L.D._

Footnote 166:

The incident is thus alluded to in a letter written on the day
following the escape of the French garrison of Almeida, by the Duke of
Wellington to Viscount Beresford:—“Villa Formosa, 11th. May, 1811. You
will hardly believe that we were obliged to pick up the French shot in
our camp to make up ammunition for Arentschild’s guns, his reserve
having been left behind at Saragossa.”

Footnote 167:

Non-commissioned officers and men, 11th. January, 1855:—

Cavalry. Artillery and Infantry. Sappers & Miners. Under arms 1,086 2,971 17,050 Bâtmen, & otherwise employed 306 100 3,040 On command 242 206 2,029 Sick { Present 193 564 4,821 Sick { Absent 576 673 9,174 ————— ————— —————— 2,403 4,514 36,114 Officers 111 161 832 Total officers and men, 11th. January, 1855 44,135.

Footnote 168:

“Would you tell Mrs. Herbert that I begged she would let me see
frequently the accounts she receives from Miss Nightingale or Mrs.
Bracebridge, as I hear no details of the wounded, though I see so many
from officers, etc., about the battle-field, and naturally the former
must interest me more than anyone. Let Mrs. Herbert also know that I
wish Miss Nightingale and the ladies would tell these poor noble
wounded and sick men that no one takes a warmer interest, or feels
more for their sufferings, or admires their courage and heroism more
than their Queen. Day and night she thinks of her beloved troops; so
does the Prince. Beg Mrs. Herbert to communicate these my words to
those ladies, as I know that our sympathy is much valued by these
noble fellows.—VICTORIA.”

Footnote 169:

“The covering party for the entire right attack (upwards of a mile in
extent) never had exceeded, at this period of the siege, three hundred
and fifty men, and on the night of the 21st. of January it numbered
only two hundred and ninety men. The guards for the other attacks were
equally small.”—_Major Elphinstone’s “Journal of Operations conducted
by the Royal Engineers.”_

Footnote 170:

“The gallant old 7th. Fusiliers had to run the gauntlet of a large
body of the enemy, whom they drove back _à la fourchette_. The 34th.
regiment had an enormous force to contend against, and their Colonel,
Kelly, was carried off by the enemy. In the midst of the fight, Major
Gordon, of the Royal Engineers, displayed that cool courage and
presence of mind which never forsook him. With a little switch in his
hand, he encouraged the men to defend the trenches, and standing up on
the top of the parapet, unarmed as he was, hurled down stones upon the
Russians. He was struck by a ball, which passed through the lower part
of his arm, and at the same time received a bullet through the
shoulder. All rejoiced that he was not dangerously wounded.”—_The
British Expedition to the Crimea, by W. H. Russell, L.L.D._

Footnote 171:

The British ships employed in this expedition were the “Royal Albert,”
“Agamemnon,” “Hannibal,” “Algiers,” “St. Jean d’Acre,” “Princess
Royal,” ships of the line; and twenty-seven frigates and gunboats. The
land forces amounted to nearly 16,000 men, with six batteries of
artillery.

Footnote 172:

“From the 13th. to the 19th. of August, inclusive, the expenditure of
ammunition amounted to twenty-six thousand two hundred and seventy
rounds, and that of powder to about eighty-one tons.”—_Artillery
Operations, compiled by Captain and Brevet-Major W. E. M. Reilly,
C.B., Royal Artillery._

Footnote 173:

Number killed, wounded, etc., of the British army in the Crimea, from
the date of embarkation for the East, to the 30th. April, 1856.

┌────────────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┐ │ │ Cavalry. │Artillery. │Engineers. │ Infantry. │ ├────────────────────┼─────┬─────┼─────┬─────┼─────┬─────┼─────┬──────┤ │ │Offi-│N.-C.│Offi-│N.-C.│Offi-│N.-C.│Offi-│N.-C. │ │ „ │cers.│O. & │cers.│O. & │cers.│O. & │cers.│ O. & │ │ │ │Men. │ │Men. │ │Men. │ │ Men. │ ├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼──────┤ │Killed in action │ 9│ 114│ 11│ 121│ 9│ 32│ 125│ 2331│ │Died of wounds │ 4│ 26│ 1│ 52│ 6│ 23│ 73│ 1832│ │Died of disease, │ 23│ 1007│ 10│ 1298│ 5│ 175│ 105│13,414│ │ etc. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼──────┤ │ Total deaths │ 36│ 1147│ 22│ 1471│ 20│ 230│ 303│17,577│ ├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼──────┤ │Wounded { severely │ 12│ 113│ 6│ 632│ 7│ 31│ 254│ 5186│ │Wounded { slightly │ 14│ 124│ 24│ „ │ 6│ 55│ 181│ 5220│ ├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼──────┤ │ Total wounded │ 26│ 237│ 30│ 632│ 13│ 86│ 435│10,406│ ├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼──────┤ │Number who suffered │ 1│ 22│ 1│ 32│ 2│ 7│ 34│ 810│ │ amputation │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴──────┘

Footnote 174:

The “Turkish General Service Medal,” instituted by Mahomet II., in
1831, was given by the Sultan, to Colonel (afterwards General Sir J.
Lintorn) Simmons, two officers, and sixteen men of the tenth company
Royal Engineers, and to two officers, and thirty men forming the crew
of a gunboat, for services in the Danube in 1854. The medals given to
Colonel Simmons and Commander Carr-Glyn, were in gold, the others in
silver. On the obverse is the Sultan’s cypher, within a circle,
surmounted by the crescent and star, on the sides are flags and laurel
branches. The reverse has a large elliptical star, surmounted by
another of six points, below is a scroll with a Turkish inscription,
signifying Medal, or Mark of Honour. Ribbon: red, with green edges.
Medals—one in gold, and the others in silver—were also given to seven
British officers in command of Turkish troops at the successful
defence of Silistria, in 1854; and a silver medal was given to General
Sir F. Williams and the officers under him for the defence of Kars,
1855.

Footnote 175:

The first act of bravery for which the Cross was given.

Footnote 176:

Queen’s Regiments in India on the 1st. of May, 1857:—6th. Dragoon
Guards, 9th. and 12th. Lancers, and 14th. Light Dragoons, 8th. Foot,
10th. (first battalions), 24th., 27th., 29th., 32nd., 35th., 43rd.,
52nd., 53rd., 60th. (first battalion), 61st., 64th., 70th., 74th.,
75th., 78th., 81st., 83rd., 84th., 86th., and 87th. Regiments.
Strength:—seven hundred and fifty-seven officers and twenty-two
thousand four hundred and seventy-one men. The East India Company’s
troops raised this force to two hundred and seventy-seven thousand
seven hundred and forty-six; the Native Troops included therein
amounting to two hundred and thirty-two thousand two hundred and
twenty-four, and the Europeans to forty-five thousand five hundred and
twenty-two.

Footnote 177:

The following fact is significant of the scarcity of this kind of
ammunition:—In one of the field force orders it was notified that two
annas would be given for each of the enemy’s twenty-four pounder round
shot that might be brought into camp, to be again used up. Similar
instances occurred during the siege of Sebastopol, and in the
Peninsula, as noticed in the account of the War in the Crimea, at page
417 of this work.

Footnote 178:

Sir John Lawrence, the able chief commissioner of the Punjab, by his
wise and prompt measures secured the tranquility of that portion of
India. The necessary steps to disarm the Native Regiments were ably
carried into effect by the 81st., the only Queen’s regiment at Lahore.
Putteeala, a powerful Sikh chieftain, also gave zealous aid, not only
by sending troops to replace those who had marched from Umballa to
join their comrades before Delhi, but also by affording protection to
fugitives, and exercising his influence to keep his countrymen
faithful to the British; his relative, the Jheend Rajah also proceeded
to Delhi with a body of his own troops, and bore an active share in
the subsequent operations. The authorities at Peshawur, where fourteen
thousand men were stationed, only about one-fourth being Europeans,
were on the alert; the fort of Attock was at once provisioned for a
siege, the 57th. Queen’s regiment forming the garrison, and the 64th.
Native Infantry were distributed in the frontier forts, the treasure
being deposited at Peshawur. The Guides were sent to join the army
before Delhi, where they arrived in June, after a march of about six
hundred miles, pronounced by Sir Henry Barnard to be without a
parallel. Colonel Edwards, of Punjab fame, also by his appeals caused
several bodies of Sikh troops to uphold British rule, and they were
found most welcome at Delhi, above all, the great object of disarming
the suspicious regiments was carried out. Colonel Ellice with three
companies of the 24th. regiment, had an affair with the 14th. Native
Infantry, at Jhelum on the 7th. of July; in which he himself was
dangerously wounded; and a flying column, under Brigadier-General
Nicholson, encountered the mutineers about noon on the 12th. of July,
as they were crossing the Ravee; in this action the 52nd. Light
Infantry, under Colonel Campbell, maintained their high character.
After another attack on the 16th. of that month, the Brigadier
proceeded to several disturbed parts of the country, and eventually
joined the troops before Delhi on the 14th. of August. The column from
the Punjab comprised the 52nd. Light Infantry, a wing of the 61st.,
No. 17 Light Field Battery, 2nd. regiment of Punjab Infantry, a wing
of the 7th. Punjab Police Battalion, 4th. Sikh Infantry, two hundred
and fifty Mooltanee Horse, with siege guns and ordnance stores. The
52nd. were six hundred and eighty strong, with six sick, but on the
14th. of September, owing to the ravages of fever and cholera, they
only mustered two hundred and forty effectives of all ranks.

Footnote 179:

In addition to these two officers there were Sergeants John Smith and
A. B. Carmichael, and Corporal F. Burgess, _alias_ Joshua Burgess
Grierson, of the Sappers and Miners; Bugler Hawthorne, of the 52nd.
Light Infantry, and twenty-four Sappers and Miners, viz.:—fourteen
Native and ten Punjabees. Covered by the fire of the 60th. Rifles,
this party advanced at the double towards the Cashmere Gate;
Lieutenant Home, with Sergeants John Smith and Carmichael, and
Havildar Madhoo, all of the Sappers, leading and carrying the
powder-bags, followed by Lieutenant Salkeld, Corporal Burgess, and a
section of the remainder of the party. Sergeant Carmichael was killed
whilst laying his powder, and Havildar Madhoo was wounded. Whilst
endeavouring to fire the charge Lieutenant Salkeld was shot through
the leg and arm, and handed over the slow match to Corporal Burgess,
who fell mortally wounded just as he had successfully performed his
duty. Havildar Tiluk Singh, of the Sappers and Miners was wounded, and
Ram Heth, Sepoy, of the same corps, was killed during this part of the
operation. The demolition having been most successful, Lieutenant Home
then caused the bugle to sound the regimental call of the 52nd. as the
signal for the advance of the column; this was repeated three times,
as it was feared that amidst the noise of the assault the sound might
not be heard. The bugler, Robert Hawthorne, after performing his own
dangerous duty, humanely attached himself to Lieutenant Salkeld, and
after binding up that officer’s wounds under a heavy musketry fire,
had him removed without further injury. For this deed, pronounced to
be “as noble as any that has ever graced the annals of war,” he
received the Victoria Cross.

Footnote 180:

Well might the Governor-General, in his “Notification,” remark, that
“Before a single soldier, of the many thousands who are hastening from
England to uphold the supremacy of the British power, has set foot on
these shores, the rebel force, where it was strongest and most united,
and where it had the command of unbounded military appliances, has
been destroyed or scattered by an army collected within the limits of
the North-western Provinces and the Punjab alone.”

Footnote 181:

At one time there were three brothers of this name before Delhi, the
8th. Foot being in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Greathed at the
assault on that city; this was the elder; the other, H. H. Greathed,
Esq., Commissioner and Political Agent of the Bengal Civil Service,
died of cholera on the 19th. of September, the day previous to its
capture; and the youngest, Brevet-Major William Wilberforce Harris
Greathed, C.B., of the Bengal Engineers, was severely wounded in the
storming of Delhi.

Footnote 182:

Afterwards General Sir Hope Grant, G.C.B.

Footnote 183:

The strength of the Lucknow garrison on the 1st. of July, 1857,
consisted of one thousand six hundred and eighteen officers and men,
“effective, fit for duty”; the sick and wounded amounted to eighty
officers and men.

Footnote 184:

One of the most remarkable relics of the siege that I have seen was
the mess plate of the 32nd. regiment. The spoons were twisted by the
effect of the enemy’s shot, and the soup tureen presented a singular
appearance, the handles being nearly wrenched off. These battered
articles were sent to Windsor Castle for the inspection of Her
Majesty.

Footnote 185:

The native non-commissioned officers and men who formed part of the
garrison, received the Indian Order of Merit, and were permitted to
count three years of additional service. The 13th., 48th., and 71st.
regiments of Native Infantry were afterwards formed into one corps,
designated the “Regiment of Lucknow.”

Footnote 186:

The garrison of Lucknow, from the 30th. of June to the 26th. of
September, 1857, had one hundred and forty officers and men,
Europeans, killed, and one hundred and ninety wounded; Natives,
seventy-two killed and one hundred and thirty-one wounded.

Footnote 187:

Cawnpore unfortunately occupies a prominent place in the history of
the mutiny. General Sir Hugh Wheeler, seeing the state of the native
troops, which composed part of the garrison, formed an entrenched camp
round the hospital barracks, and collected a supply of provisions.
Owing to the defection of the native corps, some of which at first
appeared faithful, the force ultimately consisted of the first company
sixth battalion of artillery, sixty-one; 32nd. regiment, eighty-four;
1st. European Fusiliers, fifteen; 84th. regiment, fifty; in all, two
hundred and ten. To these may be added the officers of the three
native infantry regiments, and others, amounting to about one hundred.
The non-combatants amounted to five hundred and ninety, one hundred
and sixty women and children being included in the latter number, in
all nine hundred. Considering the defenceless state of the camp, it
was wonderful that the garrison could withstand the enemy for a single
day. The Sepoys commenced their attack on the 7th. of June, and
continued an almost constant fire on the camp until the 24th. The
garrison had only eight guns, while some opposed to them were
twenty-four pounders. Frequent attempts were made to carry the
enclosure by storm, but they were unsuccessful, the Sepoys being
driven back each time. The sufferings of the garrison were so extreme,
that on the 25th. of June, arrangements were entered into with Nena
Sahib for the evacuation of the place. The result is but too well
known. While the unfortunate people were proceeding towards Allahabad,
the treacherous mutineers fired upon all in the boats; the one in
which General Wheeler (who had been severely wounded) was in they
brought back to Cawnpore. Only a few escaped, one of whom, Lieutenant
Delafosse, has given a narrative of what he witnessed. All who were
not killed in the boats were carried back to Cawnpore; the men being
shot, and the females detained prisoners.

Footnote 188:

This miscreant’s real name was Doondoo Punt, and he was the adopted
son of Bajee Kao, the ex-Peishwah of Poona. After the death of the
latter, in 1852, he made claim to the pension which had been allowed
to that chief by the treaty of 1818, when he gave himself up to Sir
John Malcolm. The refusal of the Indian authorities to recognise his
right made him commence his vindictive course. He had been permitted
to keep up a retinue of two hundred soldiers, and had a fortified
place of residence at Bithoor, ten miles from Cawnpore.

Footnote 189:

Promoted to the rank of Major-General on the 30th. of July, 1857, and
was afterwards appointed a Knight Commander of the Bath; also created
a baronet, but dying before the patent was sealed, the dignity was
conferred upon his son, Lieutenant-General Sir Henry M. Havelock,
Bart., of the 18th. Royal Irish regiment.

Footnote 190:

Captain William Robert Moorsom, of the 52nd. Light Infantry, rendered
most important service in guiding Havelock’s second column. This young
officer had been selected in 1856 to conduct a scientific survey of
Lucknow, and having preserved rough copies of it, his knowledge of the
city proved of the highest importance, not only on this, but
subsequent occasions, his gallantry being repeatedly mentioned in the
despatches. Captain Moorsom met a soldier’s death at the early age of
twenty-four, at the head of a column of attack on the rebel parts of
the city of Lucknow, on the 11th. of March, 1858, and the 52nd.,
feeling that the career of this young officer, who had been engaged in
nine pitched battles and numerous skirmishes, having been twice
wounded, was an honour to the regiment, erected a monumental tablet to
his memory in the cathedral of Rochester. The Division of Sir James
Outram also erected in Westminster Abbey a memorial window to their
youthful Quartermaster-General.

Footnote 191:

Captain Oliver J. Jones, R.N., in his “Recollections of a Winter
Campaign in India, 1857–8,” gives the following amusing anecdote of
his first peep at the Commander-in-Chief. The author was wandering
through the rooms of a “strongish place” taken from a Rajah.—“In one
of them I found a couple of glass candlesticks, not worth sixpence a
piece; but as my establishment only sported an empty porter bottle, I
thought they would make a handsome addition, and took them. Coming
down stairs, I met Forster—poor fellow! he is now dead—one of the
Chief’s aide-de-camps, who said,—‘By Jove, old fellow, you’d better
not let Sir Colin catch you looting—here he comes!’ upon which I
dropped them, as Paddy says, like a hot murphy; and in a couple of
minutes after saw a Sikh walking off with my elegant candlesticks.
Soon afterwards I saw the Chief serving out _bamboo backsheesh_ to
some Sikhs who had passed him with loot, with a big stick, and I
rejoiced at the warning my friend Foster had given me, else, perhaps,
in his wrath, he might have broken my head too.”

The promising young officer above referred to, namely Captain W. F.
Godolphin Forster, of the 18th. Royal Irish Regiment, son of
Major-General W. F. Foster, K.H., Military Secretary at Head Quarters,
died at Lucknow on the 14th. of May, 1858, and up to that date had
accompanied Sir Colin Campbell in all his battles and operations
against the mutineers.

Footnote 192:

Mr. Thomas Henry Kavanagh, Assistant Commissioner in Oude, when
serving under the orders of Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, in
Lucknow, on the 8th. of November, 1857, volunteered on the dangerous
duty of proceeding through the city to the camp of the
Commander-in-Chief, for the purpose of guiding the relieving force to
the beleaguered garrison in the Residency,—a task which he performed
with chivalrous gallantry and devotion.

A highly interesting work has been written by this gentleman, showing
how he won the Victoria Cross, which was conferred upon him under the
Royal Warrant of the 13th. of December, 1858; by which this high
distinction was accorded to certain non-military persons, who, as
Volunteers, had borne arms against the mutineers in India.

Footnote 193:

“There never was a bolder feat of arms, and the loss inflicted on the
enemy, after the entrance of the Secundra Bagh was effected, was
immense,—more than two thousand of the enemy were afterwards carried
out. The officers who led the regiments were Lieutenant-Colonel L.
Hay, H.M.’s 93rd. Highlanders, Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon, H.M.’s 93rd.
Highlanders; Captain Walton, H.M.’s 53rd. Foot; Lieutenant Paul, 4th.
Punjaub Infantry (since dead); and Major Barnston, H.M.’s 90th.
Foot.”—_Sir Colin Campbell’s despatch._

Footnote 194:

“The fighting on the 28th. was very severe. On the left advance,
Colonel Walpole with the Rifles, supported by Captain Greene’s
battery, and part of the 82nd. regiment, achieved a complete victory
over the enemy, and captured two eighteen-pounder guns. The glory of
this well-contested fight belongs entirely to the above-named
companies and artillery.”—_Major-General Windham’s Despatch._

Footnote 195:

Force employed on the 6th. of December:—Brigadier Greathed’s
Brigade—8th., 64th., and 2nd. Punjaub Infantry. Artillery Brigade—two
troops Horse Artillery; three light field Batteries; guns of the Naval
Brigade; heavy field Battery Royal Artillery. Cavalry Brigade—9th.
Lancers; detachments 1st., 2nd., and 5th. Punjaub Cavalry and Hodson’s
Horse. 4th. Brigade—53rd. Foot; 42nd. and 93rd. Highlanders; 4th.
Punjaub Rifles. 5th. Infantry Brigade—23rd. Royal Welsh Fusiliers;
32nd. and 82nd. Regiments. 6th. Brigade—second and third battalions
Rifle Brigade; detachment 38th. Foot. Engineer Brigade—Royal
Engineers, and detachments Bengal and Punjaub Sappers and Miners
attached to the various brigades of Infantry.

Footnote 196:

Troops employed:—Head-quarters of the division of Artillery and of the
Field Artillery brigade under Major-General Sir A. Wilson, K.C.B., and
Colonel D. Wood, C.B. Royal Horse Artillery: Lieutenant-Colonel
D’Aguilar’s troop, Royal Horse Artillery; Lieutenant-Colonel Toombs,
C.B., and Lieutenant Bishop’s troops; Bengal Horse Artillery, under
Lieutenant-Colonel Turner; two twenty-four pounders and two eight-inch
howitzers of the “Shannon’s” Naval Brigade; two companies Punjaub
Sappers and Miners. Head-quarters of the Cavalry division and the 1st.
Cavalry Brigade, under Brigadier-General Sir J. H. Grant, K.C.B., and
Brigadier Little. 9th. Lancers; 2nd. Punjaub Irregular Cavalry;
detachment of 5th. Punjaub ditto; 1st. Sikh Irregular Cavalry. Second
division of Infantry, under Brigadier-General Sir E. Lugard, K.C.B.,
consisting of third brigade, Brigadier P. M. M. Guy, 34th., 38th., and
53rd. Foot; fourth brigade, Brigadier the Honourable Adrian Hope,
42nd. and 93rd. Highlanders and 4th. Punjaub Rifles.

Footnote 197:

The force under Brigadier-General Franks consisted of one hundred and
forty European and one hundred and seven Native officers, and five
thousand six hundred and forty-six men, and was composed of two
companies of Royal, one of Bengal, and one of Madras Artillery;
detachments of Benares Horse; Lahore Light Horse, Pathan Horse, and
third Sikh Irregular Cavalry; Her Majesty’s 10th., 20th., and 97th.
regiments, and six battalions of Ghoorkha infantry and artillery. A
dashing cavalry combat occurred at Nyapoorwa, on the 1st. March, in
which Captain Aikman, commanding the 3rd. Sikh cavalry, was greatly
distinguished; and on the 4th. of that month, the fort of Dhowrara was
captured.

Footnote 198:

Force sent across the Goomtee under Sir James
Outram:—Lieutenant-Colonel D’Aguilar’s troop Royal Horse Artillery;
Major Remmington’s and Captain McKinnon’s troops Royal Horse
Artillery, under Lieutenant-Colonel F. Turner; Captains Gibbons’ and
Middleton’s Light Field Batteries; Royal Artillery and head-quarters
Field Artillery Brigade; head-quarters Cavalry Division and of first
Cavalry Brigade; 2nd. Dragoon Guards; 9th. Lancers; 2nd. Punjaub
Cavalry, detachments 1st. and 5th. Punjaub Cavalry, under Captains
Watson and Sanford; third Infantry Division under Brigadier-General R.
Walpole; fifth Brigade, Brigadier Douglas, C.B., 23rd. Royal Welsh
Fusiliers, 97th. Highlanders, and 1st. Bengal Fusiliers; sixth
Brigade, Brigadier Alfred Horsford, C.B., second and third battalions
Rifle Brigade, and 2nd. Punjaub Infantry.

Footnote 199:

Promoted Major-General for his services on this occasion, and also
when in command of the force employed at the relief of Azimghur, in
April, 1858.

Footnote 200:

From the 2nd. to the 25th. of March, 1858, the British had one hundred
and twenty-seven officers and men killed, and five hundred and
ninety-five wounded.

Footnote 201:

Force employed at the Betwa.—Artillery, three siege guns, sixteen
light field guns; 14th. Light Dragoons, two hundred and forty-three
rank and file; Hyderabad Cavalry, two hundred and seven sabres; 86th.
Regiment, two hundred and eight rank and file; 3rd. Bombay European
Regiment, two hundred and twenty-six rank and file; 24th. Bombay
Native Infantry, two hundred and ninety-eight rank and file; and 25th.
Bombay Native Infantry, four hundred rank and file.

Footnote 202:

Several standards were captured, together with a silk Union Jack which
had been given by Lord William Bentinck to the grandfather of the
Ranee’s husband, with permission to have it carried before him as a
reward for his fidelity, a privilege accorded to no other Indian
Prince. The soldiers who had so bravely won this flag of their
country, asked permission to hoist it on the place,—a request to which
Sir Hugh Rose at once acceded.

Footnote 203:

See Recipients of the Victoria Cross.

Footnote 204:

Lieutenant Cameron, of the 72nd., received the Victoria Cross for
conspicuous bravery on this day, in having headed a small party of
men, and attacked a body of armed fanatic rebels, strongly posted in a
loopholed house, with one narrow entrance. He stormed the house, and
killed three rebels in single combat. This officer was severely
wounded, having lost the half of one hand, by a stroke from a tulwar.

Footnote 205:

In addition to four killed and fourteen wounded, the 14th. Light
Dragoons had eighteen cases of sunstroke, two proving fatal. The 71st.
Highland Light Infantry suffered from the same cause, eight out of the
nineteen cases dying from the intense heat, one day in the shade it
rose to 130 degrees. Sir Hugh Rose stated in his despatch, that when a
wing of the 71st. was prostrated by sun-sickness, the only complaint
he heard in the field hospitals from these gallant fellows, was that
they could not rise and fight.

Footnote 206:

Troops employed in the action at Banda:—Horse Artillery, European and
Native; 12th. Lancers (left wing); one squadron Hyderabad Cavalry, one
hundred and thirty-six; detachments Royal Artillery; Madras Artillery;
Sappers and Miners; 3rd. Madras European Regiment; 1st. Regiment of
Native Infantry; Detachment 50th. Native Infantry.

Footnote 207:

One of these, the defence of Arrah, is most remarkable. Sixteen
Europeans and fifty Sikh soldiers, made a noble stand against three
thousand mutineers. The Europeans were Mr. Littledale, judge; Mr.
Bombe, collector; Mr. Wake, magistrate; and Mr. Boyle, railway
engineer—all civilians. The first attempt to relieve them failed; on
the 27th. of July portions of the 10th. and 37th. regiments, and some
Sikhs, about four hundred in all, were sent up the river from Dynapore
in two steamers, one of which grounded: this caused a delay, but in
the evening of the 29th. the troops were disembarked. Captain Dunbar
pushed on until he reached the outskirts of the town, when the Sepoys
suddenly opened a destructive fire of musketry from the wood, a great
number, including himself, being killed, the survivors being hotly
pursued to the steamer. Major Vincent Eyre, of the Bengal Horse
Artillery (author of the well-known work on the disasters at Cabool),
who was in command of a flying force, on hearing of this event
advanced from Shawpore, a distance of twenty-eight miles, and on the
2nd. of August encountered the rebels near Goojerajunge; and although
the odds were twenty to one, gallantly defeated them. Mr. Ross Lowis
Mangles, Assistant-Magistrate at Patna, and Mr. William Fraser
M‘Donell, Magistrate of Sarun, both of the Bengal Civil Service,
received the Victoria Cross for their services; the former for
volunteering to serve with the above, having, on the morning of the
30th. of July, after Captain Dunbar’s death, during the retreat, with
signal gallantry and generous self-devotion, and notwithstanding that
he had himself been previously wounded, carried for several miles, out
of action, a wounded soldier of the 37th. regiment, bore him in safety
to the boats, after binding up his wounds under a murderous fire,
which killed or wounded almost the whole detachment; and the latter
for great coolness and bravery on the same day and occasion, in having
climbed, under an incessant fire outside the boat in which he and
several soldiers were, up to the rudder, and with considerable
difficulty cut through the lashing which secured it to the side of the
boat; on this being cut the boat obeyed the helm, and thus thirty-five
European soldiers escaped certain death. In this feat of arms, by
which the gallant garrison was relieved, one hundred and fifty-four
men of the 5th. Fusiliers, under Captain L’Estrange, maintained the
ancient fame of their regiment, and shared with the first company of
the 5th. battalion of the Bengal Artillery, and the Buxar Gentlemen
Volunteers, in this important result; so honourable to them and to
their daring commander. Captain Scott, Ensigns Lewis Oldfield
(wounded), and Mason, and Assistant-Surgeon Thornton, were the other
officers of the detachment of the 5th. Fusiliers.

Footnote 208:

The First Brigade, with whom was Sir Robert Napier, consisted of the
third Scinde Horse; head-quarters 12th. Bengal Cavalry; a battery
21st. Brigade Royal Artillery, with steel 7-pounder guns;
head-quarters 10th. Company Royal Engineers; 4th. King’s Own; 23rd.
Punjaubees, and wing of 27th Beloochees, also a Naval Brigade of
eighty-three men under Commander Fellowes, H.M.S. “Dryad,” with twelve
12-pounder rocket tubes, divided into two batteries. The Second
Brigade comprised four troops 3rd. Bombay Cavalry; a battery of the
14th. Brigade Royal Artillery, with four 12-pounder Armstrong guns;
detachment 5th. battery 25th. Brigade R.A., with two 8-inch mortars;
battery 21st. Brigade, with steel 7-pounders; company of Sappers and
Miners; 2nd., 3rd., and 4th. Companies of Bombay Sappers and Miners;
the 33rd. Regiment, and wing of the 10th. Bombay Native Infantry. The
reinforcement consisted of six companies of 45th. Regiment; wing of
3rd. Native Infantry; wing of the 27th. Native Infantry; one troop
3rd. Cavalry; wing of 3rd. Dragoon Guards; and a squadron of 10th.
Bengal Cavalry.

Footnote 209:

“The body of Fitaurari Gabri could be distinguished from the remainder
of the fallen by its gorgeous attire. He had been one of the first to
fall, and seven chiefs who had attempted to bear away his body were
laid in a heap around him. On the left, where the pioneers and baggage
guard had been engaged, the dead lay thickest. Along the ravine where
the bayonet charge was made men and horses were heaped in tens and
twenties. In addition to those that lay there, hundreds had been
carried into the fortress during the night.”—(LIEUT. SHEPHERD,
correspondent of the _Daily News_).

Footnote 210:

“Nothing was left us but to leave marks of our power or vengeance,
which would long be remembered. No more utterly atrocious Government
than that which has thus, perhaps fallen, ever existed on the face of
the earth. Their capital was a charnel-house, their religion a
combination of cruelty and treachery, their policy the natural outcome
of their religion.”—_Despatch of Sir G. Wolseley to Lord Kimberley._

Footnote 211:

Among the small body of British officers with Captain Glover, besides
Captain Sartorius, were Lieutenants Cameron and Barnard, 19th.
regiment; Commander Larcom, Lieutenant Moore, Dr. Rowe, and Dr.
Bailey, R.N., and three master gunners of the Royal Artillery.

Footnote 212:

The plunder captured at Coomassie, consisting chiefly of the gold
ornaments of the King’s wives, was sold at Cape Coast Castle, and
realised nearly £6,000. Among it was an ivory-hilted sword, having on
one side of the blade the following inscription, “From Her Majesty
Queen Victoria to the King of Ashantee.” This sword which was found in
the King’s bedchamber, was purchased by the Officers of the Staff, and
presented by them to Sir Garnet Wolseley. On the reverse of the blade
is another inscription, “Major-General Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley,
K.C.B., from the Officers of his Staff. Coomassie, 4th. February,
1874.”

Footnote 213:

Only one military officer, Colonel A. B. Tulloch, C.B., Chief of the
Intelligence Department, who was present at the bombardment, received
this clasp.

Footnote 214:

The greatest number of bars given with any single medal was six, and
but four were issued with this number, to four men of the 19th.
Hussars. The medals were supplied by the Mint, but a Birmingham firm
assisted in their production. All the officers above the rank of
captain, who served in the campaign of 1882, received the Order of the
Medjidie from the Khedive.

Footnote 215: