Chapter XXVII: Part 27

After the capture of Java the 14th. regiment remained on the island
for some time. The Sultan of Mataram, who governed a portion of the
interior, trusting to his power, and the strength of his fortified
palace, at Djocjocarta, meditated the expulsion of all Europeans from
the island, and committed aggressions of which it became necessary to
stop the progress. To effect this, his palace was captured by storm on
the morning of the 20th. June, 1812; on which occasion the 14th. had
another occasion of distinguishing themselves. Lieutenant-Colonel
Watson (now General Sir James Watson, K.C.B., and Colonel of the
14th.) commanded the main attack, and the grenadiers of the regiment
headed the assault with their usual gallantry.

Footnote 47:

“Lieutenant Gurwood, (afterwards the editor of the Wellington
Dispatches,) of the 52nd., who led the forlorn hope, took the French
Governor, General Barrié, prisoner in the citadel. Lord Wellington
presented Lieutenant Gurwood with the sword of General Barrié on the
breach by which Gurwood had entered,—a fitting and proud compliment to
a young soldier of fortune!”

Footnote 48:

At its head marched the 45th. regiment, supporting the advanced
storming party, composed of the flank companies of the division and
the 83rd. regiment. Few more desperate conflicts are on record than
that which took place. After repeated assaults the escalade was
effected, and the place carried.

Lieutenant M‘Pherson, of the 45th., though wounded previous to his
ascending the ladders in the escalade, was distinguished in hauling
down the French flag from the staff of the citadel, which being
brought to Major Greenwell, who commanded the regiment, he ordered a
jacket of the 45th. to be substituted, in its place, acting upon the
well-known adage of—“exchange no robbery.” It had been a point of
emulation amongst the different regiments during the siege, which
should have the honour of striking the French flag, and spiking a
certain gun in the castle, which had been particularly offensive
during the operations; the 45th. had the good fortune to do both.

Footnote 49:

On the enemy’s commencing to give way, a French officer picked up a
firelock, thrown down by one of his men, and levelled it at
Major-General the Honourable Edward Pakenham; the piece missed fire,
when the intrepid officer snatched up another, and presented it, on
which Corporal Patrick Cavanagh, of the 45th., advanced out of the
ranks, shot the officer, and saved the general; but both parties were
now so near, that in the act of firing the Corporal was himself shot.

Footnote 50:

The 11th. and 61st. regiments specially distinguished themselves on
this occasion; evening was fast approaching, and the legions of
Napoleon were retreating in much disorder, when the French division,
commanded by General Maucune, made a determined stand to cover the
retreat of the broken battalions; then ensued a desperate musketry
action in the dark. The difficulty of the ascent gave the enemy’s
division, formed on the summit, a decided advantage; but at length
Maucune’s battalions were forced from the height. Of Major-General
Hulse’s brigade, (the 11th., 53rd., and 61st.,) only nine officers and
three hundred men remained, which were formed on the following day
into one battalion. A round shot (probably fired at the colours of the
11th.,) took the heads off the two sergeants, posted between the
colours, and of a black man who beat the cymbals in the band, and who
was in rear of them, without injuring either of the officers carrying
the colours; one of them (Ensign Scott) was afterwards killed. The
colour party of the 61st. regiment, being all shot down, the colours
were seized by Privates Crawford and Coulson, who carried them till
the close of the battle. Crawford was made a sergeant on the field,
and the same rank was offered to Coulson, who declined it, saying that
he was already over rewarded by the cheers and congratulations of his
comrades. The regiment went into action with 27 officers and 420 men,
and at the close of the fight had only 3 officers and 78 men left.

Footnote 51:

Southey thus describes the bâton:—“It was rather more than a foot
long, and covered with blue velvet, on which the imperial eagles were
embroidered; and it had been tipped with gold, but the first finder
had secured the gold for himself. The case was of red morocco, with
silver clasps, and with eagles on it, and at either end the Marshal’s
name imprinted in gold letters.”

Footnote 52:

In this desperate combat in the Pass of Maya, the 6th., 28th., 34th.,
50th., 71st., 82nd., and 92nd. regiments had opportunities of
distinguishing themselves. The latter having been hotly engaged for
ten successive hours, and in want of ammunition, was ordered by
Lieutenant-General the Honourable William Stewart not to charge, and
the gallant Highlanders, for the first time, disregarded orders, not
only charging, but leading the charge. Lieutenant-Colonel Cameron, of
the 92nd., who commanded the first brigade, was permitted by his
Sovereign to bear on his shield the word Maya in commemoration of this
action. The 92nd. had thirty-four men killed and two hundred and
sixty-eight men wounded; one officer was killed, and eighteen officers
were wounded, one of whom died of wounds. Sir William Napier, in his
history of the Peninsula War, has remarked that “so dreadful was the
slaughter, especially of the 92nd., that it is said the advancing
enemy was actually stopped by the heaped mass of dead and dying. The
stern valour of the 92nd., principally composed of Scotchmen, would
have graced Thermopylæ.”

Footnote 53:

“Although our wounded are numerous, I am happy to say that the cases
in general are slight, and I have great pleasure in reporting to Your
Lordship that the utmost attention has been paid to them by the
Inspector General, Dr. M‘Grigor, and by the officers of the department
under his directions.”—_Marquis of Wellington’s despatch._

Footnote 54:

Just before the assault was given, a sergeant of the 28th. regiment,
named Bull, being sent with a party to the coast from Roncesvalles, to
make purchases for the officers, placed the money entrusted to him,
2000 dollars, with a Commissary, and took a receipt. He then persuaded
his party to join the stormers, so, as he said, that the ‘Slashers’
should be represented, and took part in the assault, which he
survived, reclaimed his money, made his purchases, and rejoined his
regiment. Singularly this gallant little party did not sustain any
loss.

Footnote 55:

The illustration is copied from the Cross and Clasp conferred upon the
late General Sir George Scovell, G.C.B. Gold medals were struck to
commemorate the battles of Roleia, Vimiera, Corunna, Talavera, Busaco,
Barrosa, Fuentes d’Onor, Albuhera, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees,
Nivelle, Nive, Toulouse, the capture of Java, Martinique, Guadaloupe,
etc. These were only granted to superior officers, and worn with a red
ribbon with blue edge. For example, see plate of “Talavera Gold
Medal.”

Footnote 56:

“Richoso, 1st. October, 1811.—Adverting to your Lordship’s despatch of
the 3rd. September, regarding the grant of medals to the officers of
the army, it occurs to me that an improvement might still be made in
the system; for instance, many officers, in the course of service,
become entitled to two or three or more medals. In my opinion, they
should receive but one; but for every additional action deemed worthy
of the medal, in which any officer having a medal should be present,
he should be warranted to have the name of that action engraved on his
medal, and that in that case the fresh medal for that action should be
given to the officer next in command in the regiment, who was present
and distinguished in the action.”—_The Wellington Dispatches._

“To the Earl of Liverpool.”

Footnote 57:

Some correspondence had taken place on the subject with the Marquis of
Wellington, as appears by the following:—

“Freneda, 16th. March, 1813.

“I have received your letter of the 24th. February, in regard to the
medals, and I concur entirely with you regarding all the
improvements you propose on the subject. You have provided a remedy
for a difficulty which I could never get over in a way at all
satisfactory to myself. I likewise agree with you in the propriety
of having a cross with eight bars, or a star with eight points, for
those who are entitled to more than seven distinctions. I am not
certain that it would not be best that all general officers, as well
as others, should wear the medal or cross at the button-hole, till
they should receive the last distinction. It is very awkward to ride
in round the neck.”

“To Earl Bathurst.”

_The Wellington Dispatches._

Footnote 58:

It appears that the Duke of Wellington was in favour of a more general
distribution, for in a letter dated Vera, 6th. November, 1813,
addressed to Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford, K.B., in reference to
his claim for the Ciudad Rodrigo medal, he remarked, “In regard to the
medals, I have always been of opinion, that government should have
extended the principle more than they did; and in executing their
orders, I believe it will be found that, whenever a medal could be
given to an individual under the orders of government, I have inserted
his name in the return. However, my decision on this or any other
subject is not final; and if anybody doubts, I wish he would apply to
superior authority.”—_The Wellington Dispatches._

Footnote 59:

Whilst the British were in position on the banks of the Nive, in
November, 1813, the French used to meet the English officers at a
narrow part of the river, and chat over the campaign. One of the
latter, in order to convince them of the reverses of Napoleon in
Germany, rolled a stone up in the _Star_ newspaper, and endeavoured to
throw it across the stream. The stone, unfortunately, went through it,
which made it fall into the water. The French officer thereupon
remarked, in pretty fair English, “Your good news is very soon
damped.”

Footnote 60:

“This attack, led by the 52nd. regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel
Colborne, and supported on their right by Major-General Brisbane’s and
Colonel Keane’s brigades of the third division, and by simultaneous
attacks on the left by Major-General Anson’s brigade of the fourth
division, and on the right by Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton,
with the remainder of the third division, and the sixth division,
under Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton, dislodged the enemy from
the heights, and gave us the victory.”—_Wellington’s despatch._

Footnote 61:

“I walked down to the bridge with Lord Wellington yesterday (6th
March, 1814,) and found him limp a little, and he said he was in
rather more pain than usual, but it was nothing. At dinner yesterday,
he said he was laughing at General Alava having had a knock, and
telling him it was all nonsense, and that he was not hurt, when he
received this blow, and a worse one in the same place himself. Alava
said it was to punish him for laughing at him.”—_Larpent’s Journal._

In “Recollections, by Samuel Rogers,” recently published, there is a
remark of Wellington’s in allusion to the above circumstance:—“The
elastic woven corselet would answer very well over the cuirass. It
saved me, I think, at Orthes, where I was hit on the hip. I was never
struck but on that occasion, and then I was not wounded. I was on
horseback again the same day.”

Footnote 62:

The 7th. Hussars, who highly distinguished themselves in this battle
do not bear “Orthes” on their accoutrements; though Wellington in his
despatches, said, “The charge of the 7th. Hussars under Lord E.
Somerset, was highly meritorious.”

Footnote 63:

The following statement gives the number of troops employed in Spain
and the South of France, at the periods of the several actions
mentioned:—

┌──────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Actions. │ Number of Troops. │ ├──────────────┼─────────────────────────┬───────┬───────────┬────────┤ │ „ │Present and fit for Duty.│ Sick. │On Command.│ Total. │ ├──────────────┼─────────────────────────┼───────┼───────────┼────────┤ │Roleia │ 14,871│ │ │ │ │Vimiera │ 18,903│ │ │ │ │Talavera │ 28,987│ 48,827│ 1596│ 35,410│ │Busaco │ 29,138│ 7,079│ 2526│ 38,743│ │Fuentes d’Onor│ 34,647│ 9,298│ 4912│ 48,857│ │Ciudad Rodrigo│ 37,014│ 12,392│ 4217│ 53,623│ │Badajoz │ 36,025│ 12,711│ 4433│ 53,169│ │Salamanca │ 38,531│ 13,891│ 5004│ 57,426│ │Vittoria │ 47,927│ 9,605│ 4294│ 61,826│ │Pyrenees │ 41,263│ 12,698│ 4916│ 58,877│ │Nivelle │ 45,104│ 13,658│ 4425│ 63,187│ │Nive │ 43,680│ 14,732│ 5007│ 63,419│ │Orthes │ 42,959│ 12,972│ 4690│ 60,621│ │Toulouse │ 42,807│ 12,907│ 5638│ 61,352│ └──────────────┴─────────────────────────┴───────┴───────────┴────────┘

Footnote 64:

A few notes on the Peninsula Medals may be given in addition to that
on page 59. Of the _Gold_ Medals, large and small, given only to
General Officers, four hundred and sixty-nine were issued. Of these,
one hundred and forty-three had _one_ clasp, seventy-two _two_ clasps.
Sixty-one gold Crosses were awarded; forty-six with _one_ clasp,
eighteen with _two_, seventeen with _three_, eight with _four_, seven
with _five_, three with _six_, two with _seven_, and one only with
_nine_ clasps, given to the Duke of Wellington, for thirteen general
engagements. To the cavalry which served during the war, the highest
number of bars issued with any medal was _eleven_, and only _four_
medals with this number. There were only _six_ survivors to claim the
medal with _fifteen_ bars in 1847. _Two_ medals only with _two_
bars—“Fort Detroit” and “Chrystler’s Farm”—were issued; one of these
was sold in 1887 for £25 10s. 0d. A medal with the bar “Chrystler’s
Farm” was sold in 1878 for £6 6s. 0d. A medal with _fourteen_ bars was
sold for £14. A medal with clasp for “Nive” was given as recently as
March, 1889, to an old veteran, Capt. Gammell, who as an ensign was
present at the sortie from Bayonne; but leaving the army soon
afterwards, and neglecting to forward his claim in 1847, did not
receive this recognition of his services till _seventy-five_ years had
elapsed, when nearly all his companions in arms had long been in their
graves.

Footnote 65:

“As the 42nd. regiment advanced through a field of rye, which reached
nearly to the men’s shoulders, a body of cavalry was seen approaching,
which was supposed to be either Prussians or Flemings, but which
proved to be French. The mistake was not discovered in time to
complete the proper formation to receive the charge; the regiment,
however, attempted to form square, and while in the act of so doing,
the French lancers galloped forward with great impetuosity, being
assured of victory when they saw the unprepared state of the regiment.
The regiment suffered severely; but the lancers were repulsed with
loss. When the enemy’s ardour was cooled and the attacks had become
less frequent and fierce, the regiment completed its formation. It had
sustained a severe loss in killed and wounded: Lieutenant-Colonel Sir
Robert Macara, K.C.B., had fallen, and the command of the regiment
devolved on Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel (afterwards Sir Robert Henry)
Dick.”

Footnote 66:

“The Duke, on this occasion, was very nearly overtaken by the French
cavalry; and being obliged to gallop towards the 92nd. Highlanders, he
called out to the nearest men to lie down in the ditch, when he fairly
leaped over them.”—_Captain Siborne._

Footnote 67:

“It is only recently that the remains of Sir Thomas Picton were
removed to St. Paul’s. In the _Times_ of Thursday, May 5th, 1859,
appeared a letter from W. Brewer, Esq., of 21, George Street, Hanover
Square, stating that in the vaults of the burying ground in the
Bayswater road, might be seen the thick chest or oak box, in which the
remains of this general, as they were packed up in the village of
Waterloo, and sent to England, were deposited. As these vaults were
just closed by order of the Privy Council, and the brickwork to close
in the coffins was at once to be commenced, this gentleman appealed to
the country that the body of this illustrious warrior might be
deposited in some distinguished mausoleum:—the result of this appeal
was that the remains of this gallant general were removed on the 8th.
of June, 1859, to St. Paul’s, and the following account of the
ceremony appeared in the _Morning Post_ of Thursday, June 9th., 1859:—

“Yesterday morning, according to arrangement, the remains of the late
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton were removed from the cemetery
belonging to the parish of St. George, Hanover Square, to St. Paul’s
Cathedral.

“The coffin was placed on a gun-carriage, drawn by eight horses, It
was covered with a rich silk Genoa velvet pall with richly emblazoned
armorial bearings of the late general, and with the union-jack. The
procession was under the direction of the Royal Artillery. The first
carriage contained Mr. J. Picton, the Hon. Colonel Vereker, Colonel
Bagot, and General Wood. The second contained the Rev. Henry Howarth,
rector of St. George’s, Hanover Square, Mr. Stanley, and Dr. Brewer.
In the third were Mr. Cooper, Mr. Westerton, and Treherne. Then
followed the carriages of Lord Strafford, the Right Hon. Mr. Estcourt,
the Home Secretary, Lord Gough, General Sir F. Stovin, Sir John
Burgoyne, Sir Hew Ross, Sir Robert Gardiner, and Sir James Coleman.

“Amongst the others who appeared as mourners was the Rev. Dr. Macnab,
of Canada, representing his uncle, Captain Alexander Macnab, of the
30th. Regiment of Foot, who was aide-de-camp to General Picton, and
who fell at the battle of Waterloo.

“The procession moved slowly through the principal streets to St.
Paul’s Cathedral. When the body reached St. Paul’s Cathedral, some
time was taken up in removing the ponderous mass from the
gun-carriage, and bearing up the steps on the south side into the
Cathedral. It was there met by the Very Rev. the Dean Milman,
Archdeacon Hale, the Rev. W. Murray and several other prebendaries and
minor canons, who preceded the body to the crypt, where a vault had
been constructed not far from the tomb of Wellington, the illustrious
chief of the noble hero. At that moment the organ began to play the
‘Dead March in Saul.’ Followed by the old comrades of the illustrious
general, the body was conveyed, in the most solemn silence, to the
tomb, where it was received and lowered into the grave in the presence
of Colonel Vereker, Mr. J. Picton, and a large number of private
mourners.”

Footnote 68:

Lady de Lancey, a sister of Captain Basil Hall, carefully attended her
dying husband, Sir William de Lancey, in a peasant’s cottage at
Waterloo, for seven or eight days after the battle, in which he had
been severely wounded, and, in fact, was at first returned as killed.
In “Recollections, by Samuel Rogers,” the following account is given
by the Duke:—“De Lancey was with me when he was struck. We were on a
point of land that overlooked the plain, and I had just been warned by
some soldiers, (but as I saw well from it, and as two divisions were
engaging below, I had said, ‘Never mind,’) when a ball came leaping
along _en richochet_, as it is called, and striking him on the back,
sent him many yards over the head of his horse. He fell on his face,
and bounded upward and fell again. All the staff dismounted, and ran
to him; and when I came up he said, ‘Pray tell them to leave me, and
let me die in peace.’ I had him conveyed into the rear: and two days
afterwards, when, on my return from Brussels, I saw him in a barn, he
spoke with such strength that I said, (for I had reported him among
the killed,) ‘Why, De Lancey, you will have the advantage of Sir Condy
in Castle Rackrent; you will know what your friends said of you after
you were dead.’ ‘I hope I shall,’ he replied. Poor fellow! We had
known each other ever since we were boys. But I had no time to be
sorry; I went on with the army, and never saw him again.”

Footnote 69:

┌────────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│ │ Cav. │ Art. │ Guns. │Infantry.│
├────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│British │ 5843│ 2967│ 78│ 15,181│
│King’s German Legion│ 1997│ 526│ 18│ 3,301│
│Hanoverians │ 497│ 465│ 12│ 10,258│
│Brunswickers │ 866│ 510│ 16│ 4,586│
│Nassausers │ │ │ │ 2,880│
│Dutch Belgians │ 3205│ 1177│ 32│ 13,402│
├────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ Total │ 12408│ 5645│ 156│ 49,608│
└────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘

Footnote 70:

The Life Guards and Blues were without cuirasses at Waterloo; and the
1st. Foot Guards received the royal authority to be styled Grenadier
Guards, to commemorate their having been victorious over the Imperial
Guard.

Footnote 71:

In an interesting paper, entitled “APSLEY HOUSE,” which appeared in
the “Quarterly Review,” for March, 1853, descriptive of a visit to the
late Duke’s residence, the writer thus alludes to this medal,—“His own
Waterloo medal, engraved ‘Arthur, Duke of Wellington,’ and much worn
by use, with the ring cobbled and mended by himself, is indeed a
relic.”

Footnote 72:

At this period the Fingo tribes placed themselves under the protection
of the British government; great care was ordered to be observed that
they should not be taken for the enemy. Their warriors were
distinguished from the Kaffirs, by carrying shields.

Footnote 73:

At this period the 27th. Foot joined. On the arrival of the regiment
at Graham’s Town, on the 8th. of September, a provisional battalion,
consisting of four hundred Hottentots, divided into four companies,
and officered by colonists, was attached to the corps. The 72nd. and
75th. regiments had similar battalions attached to them.

Footnote 74:

“The conduct of the troops has well maintained the character of
British soldiers, and the losses sustained by the 2nd. Queen’s Royal
Regiment, will stand prominent on the Regimental Records of the former
achievements of this gallant corps.”—_Cape General Orders._

Footnote 75:

“At the moment he was hit, he was giving directions to a company of
his own well-loved corps, which was skirmishing in the bush, and the
position of which he wished to alter a little. Whilst raising his arm
to indicate the ground he alluded to, a huge Hottentot stepped rapidly
from a thick clump close by, and delivered the fatal shot; observing
with characteristic cunning the irreparable mischief he had done, he
screeched out, in hellish accents, ‘_Johnny, bring stretcher_,’ and,
turning on his heel, dived into the clump again before the infuriated
74th. could wreak their vengeance upon him.

“Fordyce lived a quarter of an hour after receiving his death-wound.
The ball had passed through his abdomen; and, as he was borne away in
the consciousness of approaching death, he was just able to utter, in
faint accents, the words—‘_Take care of my poor regiment_—I AM READY,’
when he passed placidly away.”—_United Service Magazine, April, 1852._

Footnote 76:

The “Birkenhead,” an iron steam transport, sailed from Queenstown for
the Cape, with drafts of the 12th. Lancers, 2nd., 6th., 12th., 43rd.,
45th., 60th., 73rd., 74th., and 91st. Regiments; the whole under the
command of Lieutenant-Colonel Seton of the 74th. Off Simon’s Bay, on
26th. February, 1852, she struck on a sunken rock, and shortly
afterwards sank. Out of six hundred and thirty-eight souls on board,
only 184 were saved. Colonel Seton and his men exhibited an example of
the highest coolness and self-possession, and died at their post with
the courage and resolution of British soldiers. A graceful tribute has
been paid by the Queen to his memory, and that of the officers,
non-commissioned officers, and men who perished in the wreck. Her
Majesty, desirous of recording her admiration of their heroic
constancy and unbroken discipline, has caused to be placed in the
colonnade at Chelsea Hospital, a tablet in commemoration of this
event. When the ship struck, Colonel Seton called all the officers
about him, and impressed upon them the necessity of preserving order
and silence among the men, and intimated to the soldiers by his
sergeant-major, that he would be the last to quit the ship. After
placing the women, children, and sick, in the over-crowded boats, with
his men drawn up on the deck, as if standing on parade, they all went
down together with the wreck; one of the noblest examples of heroism
ever recorded. As a splendid instance of heroic constancy, the late
William I., Emperor of Germany, then King of Prussia, ordered the
glorious story to be read on parade at the head of every regiment in
his service.

Footnote 77:

The body of Sandilli was found in the bush, and was brought on a horse
into the British camp. As he lay on the ground wrapped in a piece of
old sail cloth, the Fingoes marched past, and each shook his assagai
in the face of the dead chief. He was then interred by them in the
presence of the troops.

Footnote 78:

Some time after, a Zulu chief in speaking of the battle at
Isandhlwana, said: “The red soldiers killed many of us with their
bayonets; when they found we were upon them, they turned back to back.
They all fought till they died, they were hard to kill. Not one tried
to escape.” Another said: “Ah, those red soldiers, how few they were,
and how they fought! They fell like stones, each man in his place.”

Footnote 79:

“He was last seen with his back to a rock, six Zulus lying dead at his
feet, his empty revolver in his left hand, a bloody sabre in his
right, and two assegais quivering in his body.”

Footnote 80:

One of the wounded officers was the gallant Major Hackett, V.C., of
the 90th. Perthshire Regiment, who led his men into action with a pipe
in his mouth. He was shot through the head, but recovered with the
loss of both eyes.

Footnote 81:

On the preceding evening, Sir E. Wood paraded his men, and thus
addressed them, to their great encouragement:—“This is the last of the
laagering business. The Zulus think we cannot beat them in the open,
and we are going to try. I have conversed with Oham’s men and others
who were at Isandlhwana, and they all state that the Zulus would never
have beaten those companies of the 24th., but that they got in rear of
them. Now, I want you, to-morrow, to pay attention to your officers,
as we are going to fight them in square, and I have every confidence
in you, providing you keep shoulder to shoulder, fighting back to
back. I cannot promise all will return, but that we shall be victors I
am sure.”

Footnote 82:

This Medal was struck at the Government Mint in Calcutta.

Footnote 83:

The first Jellalabad medal is also very scarce. Since 1842 it has been
the custom with medals granted for service in India to present them to
the legal representatives of deceased officers and soldiers.

Footnote 84:

A gold Maltese cross, on a larger cross of silver, supported by two
crossed swords, in the centre, a circle of pearls, worn with a red and
green ribbon.

Footnote 85:

The 44th. regiment arrived at Jellalabad in January 1841, and was
moved to Cabool in May following. On the 1st. of October of that
year, the strength of the regiment in Afghanistan was 25 officers,
35 sergeants, 14 drummers, and 635 rank and file. The number killed
at Cabool, and during the retreat, amounted to 22 officers and 543
men; three officers, Lieutenant-Colonel Shelton, and Lieutenants
Evans and Souter, and 51 men were taken prisoners. The officers
killed between the 10th. of November, 1841, and the 13th. of
January, 1842, were Lieutenant-Colonel Mackrell, Major Scott,
Captain Swayne, McCrea, Leighton, and Robinson; Lieutenants Dodgin,
Collins, White, Wade, Hogg, Cumberland, Raban, Cadett, Swinton,
Fortye, and Gray; Paymaster Bourke; Quartermaster Halahan; Surgeon
Harcourt, and Assistant-Surgeons Balfour and Primrose.

Lieutenant Souter, severely wounded, preserved the colours of the
44th. by tying them round his waist. 102 officers were killed at
Cabool, and during the retreat.

Footnote 86:

This was the place where the massacre of the British troops occurred,
and not as too frequently stated, in the _Khyber_ pass, which had they
been able to reach, being on the Indian side Jellalabad, they would
have been safe.

Footnote 87:

It is remarkable that the Sikhs, afterwards such formidable opponents
during the Sutlej and Punjab campaigns, were able supporters at this
period, and during the recent Indian Mutiny they sustained their
former character, the Sikh regiments being most valuable allies.

Footnote 88:

One of these officers, Lieutenant Mein, was thus alluded to in
reference to his conduct, while serving with the army on its retreat
from Cabool, by Sir Robert Peel, on moving the vote of thanks to the
army employed in Afghanistan:—“I have said that, in the course of this
campaign, instances of the most generous devotion, of friendly
sympathy, and of desperate fidelity, were displayed, which deserve at
least a passing notice. Lieutenant Eyre says: ‘Lieutenant Sturt
(son-in-law to Sir Robert and Lady Sale) had nearly cleared the
defile, when he received his wound, and would have been left on the
ground to be hacked to pieces by the Ghazees, who followed in the rear
to complete the work of slaughter, but for the generous intrepidity of
Lieutenant Mein, of Her Majesty’s 13th. Light Infantry, who, on
learning what had befallen him, went back to his succour, and stood by
him for several minutes, at the imminent risk of his own life, vainly
entreating aid from the passers by. He was, at length, joined by
Sergeant Deane, of the Sappers, with whose assistance he dragged his
friend, on a quilt, through the remainder of the Pass, when he
succeeded in mounting him on a miserable pony, and conducted him in
safety to the camp, where the unfortunate officer lingered till the
following morning, and was the only man of the whole force who
received Christian burial. Lieutenant Mein was himself at this very
time suffering from a dangerous wound in the head, received in the
previous October; and his heroic disregard of self, and fidelity to
his friend in the hour of danger, are well deserving of a record in
the annals of British valour and virtue; I think, Sir, it is but just
that the name of Lieutenant Mein should be mentioned with honour in
the House of Commons, and I do not regret having noticed this
circumstance, as it has called forth so generous, and general an
expression of sympathy and approval.’”

The name and sufferings of Lady Sale will be ever connected with the
disasters in Afghanistan. Her Journal is one of exciting and absorbing
interest.

Footnote 89:

A General Order of October, 1842, announced: “To every officer,
non-commissioned officer, and private present within Kelat-i-Ghilzie,
and forming part of the garrison during the late investment, will be
presented a silver medal,” &c. The garrison consisted of 600 of the
Shah’s army and three companies of the 12th. Bengal Native Infantry.
No Queen’s regiment took part in the defence, but there were present
forty European artillery and sixty Sappers and Miners, the whole being
under the command of Captain John Craigie.

Footnote 90:

On the south face of the fort was a large bastion, close to which was
an open space which had been converted into a burial ground; here the
remains of Colonel Dennie, with many other gallant soldiers were laid,
and the engineer officer in mining the bastion caused the whole mass
to be thrown by the explosion over the graves, thus leaving a lasting
and appropriate monument over them, and effectually preventing the
bodies being disturbed by the Afghans.

Footnote 91:

The shots were fired by two Pathan soldiers in the 29th. to rouse
their neighbours, the Afghans, at the top of the Pass. A native
officer detected them at the time by smelling the barrels of their
rifles, but, to screen his co-religionists, kept his knowledge to
himself, and made no report to his superior of the matter. The
traitors were subsequently discovered and tried by court-martial; one
was condemned to death and hanged, and the other imprisoned for two
years with hard labour. The native lieutenant was also sentenced to
transportation for seven years.

Footnote 92:

Among the guns captured were seventeen Armstrongs, and an old brass
Dutch piece, with the date 1625. How it got to Cabul is a mystery.

Footnote 93:

The Rev. J. W. Adams, Chaplain to the Force, who had accompanied the
troopers, gained the Victoria Cross for rescuing some men of the 9th.
Lancers, who had fallen into a deep ditch, he being all the time under
a heavy fire, and up to his waist in water. Haying dismounted in order
to give more effectual assistance, he made his escape on foot, when
the Afghans were within a few yards of him.

Footnote 94:

In this charge, Major White shouted to his men: “Just one charge more
to settle the business.”

Footnote 95:

The first design for this medal showed the Chinese Plenipotentiaries
signing the treaty, and on the cloth of the table was an embroidered
pattern representing the British Lion trampling on the Chinese dragon.
So much was this part of the design approved of, that it was adopted
for the reverse, instead of the whole, with the motto as above, and
“Nankin, 1842,” underneath; but the present medal was ultimately
struck, the first being deemed offensive to the feelings of the
conquered people.

Footnote 96:

There was but one medal for the second Chinese war, _issued with five
clasps_, to a Royal Marine artilleryman. When first issued, the ribbon
of the medal was blue, yellow, red, white and green, in stripes, but
afterwards changed to crimson and yellow.

Footnote 97:

“The grenadier company of H. M. 55th. Foot, and two companies of the
6th. regiment of M. N. I., with the Sappers carrying the ladders,
under the command of Brevet-Major Maclean, 55th. Foot, advanced
against the north-east angle. The Sappers, commanded by Lieutenant
Johnstone, with the greatest steadiness and gallantry reared their
ladders against the wall, and in a few minutes the grenadiers of the
55th. had mounted, and dividing into two parties, proceeded to clear
the ramparts, one party turning to the right, under Brevet-Major
Maclean, and another to the left, under Lieutenant Cuddy,
55th.”—_Major-General Schoedde’s despatch._

Footnote 98:

The 59th. regiment, Royal Sappers and Miners, first landed, then the
French Naval Brigade, followed by that of the Royal Marines, and later
in the day by the British Naval Brigade. The numbers amounted to five
thousand six hundred and seventy-nine, namely, eight hundred troops;
Royal Marines, two thousand one hundred; Naval Brigade, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-nine; and French Naval Brigade, nine hundred
and fifty. The _mot d’ordre_, or parole, throughout the operations was
“France and England.” Shortly after the landing, Lieutenant Hacket, of
the 59th., aide-de-camp to Colonel Graham, whilst carrying an order,
was surprised by a party of Chinese, who inhumanly beheaded him, and
then made off. Two of them were shot, and a third was afterwards
hanged.

Footnote 99:

Yeh was captured while endeavouring to escape, by a party of blue
jackets, under the command of Captain Key, who took the Commissioner
with his own hand. He was eventually sent as a prisoner to Calcutta,
where he died in the month of April following.

Footnote 100:

The loss in this brilliant affair was trifling, 21 English being
killed and wounded, and 67 on the side of the French, principally
through the explosion of a magazine in one of the forts after its
capture.

Footnote 101:

The storming party consisted of a wing of the 44th., under
Lieutenant-Colonel Mac Mahon, and one of the 67th., under
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas, supported by the other wings of those two
regiments and the Royal Marines, under Lieutenant-Colonel Gascoigne. A
detachment of the latter, under Lieutenant-Colonel Travers, carried a
pontoon bridge for crossing the wet ditches, and Major Graham, of the
Royal Engineers, conducted the assault. The whole were commanded by
Brigadier Reeves; who, although severely wounded in three places, did
not quit the field until he had conducted his men into the fort.

Footnote 102:

Mr. Parkes and all his companions, with Mr. Loch and Captain Brabazon,
were made prisoners; the whole number being twenty-six British, and
twelve French subjects. Twenty of them died from the horrible
treatment of the Chinese. The remains of Lieutenant Anderson, Messrs.
de Norman, and Bowlby were subsequently delivered up by their captors,
or rather murderers, and were publicly and solemnly interred in the
Russian cemetery, within the walls of Pekin.

Footnote 103:

The late Lord Herbert, in his first speech in the House of Lords, in
moving the vote of thanks to the Forces in China, alluded to this
service:—“The Tartar cavalry had posted themselves upon an eminence,
which had a sudden fall at the foot of it, and in the deepest part
they had made a ditch. They evidently thought our cavalry could not
pass this ditch, and that they should be able to pick off our men as
they came up with the greatest ease with their matchlocks. The spot
has been described to me by an eye-witness as what would be called, in
hunting phraseology, “a very ugly place,” one which very many would
have looked at twice, and which very few would have gone at. The
probability is that the majority of the field would have gone round,
and attained their object in some other way. The 1st. Dragoon Guards
however rode at it, and so successfully, that they cleared the place
without more than one or two of the men getting out of the ranks. This
struck dismay into the Tartars, who had no conception such a feat was
possible, and they instantly scattered themselves all over the plain.
A Chinese force afterwards attempted to clear the place, as our men
had, but they utterly failed, and fell back into the ditch. It is said
to have been singular to witness the great respect the enemy always
paid to our cavalry, whether regulars or irregulars, but the alarm
depicted in their countenances, and their sudden change of tactics
whenever our Dragoon Guards afterwards came into the field, was
something remarkable.”

Footnote 104:

As a lesson to the Emperor and his officials, and as a punishment for
their perfidy and cruelty towards these unfortunate gentlemen, the
summer residence of the Emperor, called Yuen-ming-yuen, which extended
for six or seven miles, was plundered and burnt. Some idea of its
extent may be given in the fact that it took two days to set fire to
and destroy all the buildings. The grounds were more than ten miles in
diameter, and the palace consisted of thirty distinct residences with
appendages.

Corps employed against Canton, in 1857, and the Taku Forts and Pekin,
in 1860. Those present at Canton, Taku Forts, Pekin, (as shewn by the
figure 1,) have been authorised to bear the names of these places on
their regimental colours; the 60th., being Rifles, have them on their
appointments. The Artillery, Engineers, and Marines have a general
motto, and do not receive such distinctions:—

┌────────────────────────────────┬───────┬──────┬──────┬──────────────┐ │ CORPS. │Canton.│ Taku │Pekin.│ │ │ │ │Forts.│ │ │ ├────────────────────────────────┼───────┼──────┼──────┼──────────────┤ │Royal Artillery[105] │ 1│ 1│ 1│ │ │Madras Artillery │ │ 1│ │Two Companies.│ │Royal Engineers[106] │ 1│ 1│ 1│ │ │Madras Engineers │ │ 1│ │Two Companies.│ │1st. King’s Dragoon Guards │ │ 1│ 1│Two Squadrons.│ │1st. Sikh Irregular Cavalry, now│ │ 1│ 1│Head-quarters.│ │ 11th. Bengal Cavalry │ │ │ │ │ │Fane’s Horse, now 19th. Bengal │ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │ Cavalry │ │ │ │ │ │1st. Battalion Military Train │ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │1st. (Royal) Regt., 2nd. batt. │ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │2nd. (Queen’s) Regt., 1st. batt.│ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │3rd. (Buffs) Regt., 1st. batt. │ │ 1│ │ „ │ │31st. Regiment │ │ 1│ │ „ │ │44th. „ │ │ 1│ │ „ │ │59th. „ │ 1│ │ │ „ │ │60th. „ 2nd. batt. │ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │67th. „ │ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │99th. „ │ │ 1│ │ „ │ │Royal Marines[107] │ 1│ 1│ │ │ │8th. Punjaub Infantry, now 20th.│ │ 1│ 1│Head-quarters.│ │15th. „ now 22nd.│ │ 1│ 1│ „ │ │38th. Madras Native │ 1│ │ │ │ │ Infantry[108] │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────┴───────┴──────┴──────┴──────────────┘

Footnote 105:

Three batteries at Canton, nine at Taku Forts, five at Pekin.

Footnote 106:

Half a Company at Canton, two and a half companies at Taku and Pekin.

Footnote 107:

Three Battalions at Canton, one at Taku Forts.

Footnote 108:

Detachment of two officers and forty men; being so small a portion of
the corps, the word “Canton” was not authorised for the regiment.

Footnote 109:

The only Queen’s regiment at Meeanee was the 22nd., and the following
extracts from the despatch of Major-General Sir Charles Napier testify
the part borne by it in this victory:—“Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather
was severely wounded, as, with the high courage of a soldier, he led
his regiment up the desperate bank of the Fulailee. Major Wyllie,
Captains Tucker and Conway, Lieutenants Harding and Phayre, were all
wounded while gloriously animating their men to sustain the shock of
numbers. Captains Meade, Tew, and Cookson, with Lieutenant Wood, all
fell honourably, urging on the assault with unmitigated valour. Major
Poole, of the 22nd., and Captain Jackson, of the 25th. Native
Infantry, who succeeded to the command of those regiments, proved
themselves worthy of their dangerous posts. The Acting Assistant
Quartermaster-General, Lieutenant McMurdo, of the 22nd. regiment, had
his horse killed, and, while on foot leading some soldiers in a
desperate dash down the enemy’s side of the bank, he cut down a
chieftain. He has greatly assisted me by his activity and zeal during
the whole of our operations. Innumerable are the individual acts of
intrepidity which took place between our soldiers and their opponents,
too numerous for detail in this despatch, yet well meriting a record.”

Footnote 110:

Major Poole, commanding the 22nd. regiment, in consequence of
Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather having been severely wounded, stated in
his report, respecting the soldiers of the regiment under his command,
who had distinguished themselves in the battle of Meeanee, “that the
officers generally assert that they feel difficulty in making
selections, where the conduct of every man of their companies was so
satisfactory. In so general a field of action and persevering
exertion, I equally feel at a loss where to draw a distinction; but it
may be proper to mention the names of Private James O’Neill, of the
light company, who took a standard whilst we were actively engaged
with the enemy, and Drummer Martin Delaney; the latter shot,
bayoneted, and captured the arms of Meer Whullee Mahomed Khan, who was
mounted, and directing the enemy in the hottest part of the
engagement.”

Footnote 111:

The words “Meeanee,” “Hyderabad,” and “Scinde,” were authorised to be
borne on the colours of the 22nd. regiment.

Footnote 112:

In the pursuit of Meer Shere Mahomed, the following men of the 22nd.,
concealing their wounds received in the battle of Hyderabad, marched
with their regiment the next day, thinking another action was at
hand:—Sergeant Haney, John Durr, John Muldowney, Robert Young, Henry
Lines, Patrick Gill, James Andrews, Thomas Middleton, James Mulvey,
and Silvester Day.

Footnote 113:

Brigadier Stopford, C.B., of the 64th., who was killed on the 9th. of
December, 1856, at the attack on Reshire, in Persia, commanded the
40th. at Maharajpoor, and fell whilst leading on his regiment,
dangerously wounded, at the very muzzles of the enemy’s guns. For this
service he was made Lieutenant-Colonel and a C.B. He lay for a
considerable time wounded on the field, among the dying and the dead,
men and horses, and might have fallen a victim to his own generosity.
When his dooly or stretcher was sent for him from the rear, and he
perceived Major-General Churchill lying near him mortally wounded,
with both legs carried away by a cannon ball, like another Sidney, he
said, “Oh! General you are worse than I am, you’ll bleed to death, you
must go on this dooly.” Colonel Stopford was at last carried to the
rear, and was only in time to bid farewell to the general who died
immediately afterwards.

Footnote 114:

The total casualties, including the Native corps, exceeded a thousand
killed and wounded.

Footnote 115:

The British army consisted of 5,674 Europeans and 12,053 natives, with
sixty-five guns.

Footnote 116:

“Near the middle of it, one of their heavy guns was advanced, and
played with deadly effect upon our troops. Lieutenant-General Sir
Henry Hardinge immediately formed Her Majesty’s 80th. Foot and the
1st. European Light Infantry. They were led to the attack by their
commanding officers, and animated in their exertions by
Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Blucher Wood (Aide-de-Camp to the
Lieutenant-General), who was wounded in the outset, the 80th. captured
the gun, and the enemy dismayed by this counter-check, did not venture
to press on further.”—_General Sir Hugh Gough’s Despatch._

Footnote 117:

A vivid picture of this sanguinary struggle was given by the late
Viscount Hardinge, in a letter to a member of his family, which was
quoted by Sir Robert Peel, when the vote of thanks to the army was
proposed in Parliament. “It was the most extraordinary of my life. I
bivouacked with the men, without food or covering, and our nights are
bitter cold. A burning camp in our front, our brave fellows lying down
under a heavy cannonade which continued during the whole night, mixed
with the wild cries of the Sikhs, our English hurrah, the tramp of
men, and the groans of the dying. In this state, with a handful of
men, who had carried the batteries the night before, I remained till
morning, taking very short intervals of rest by lying down with
various regiments in succession, to ascertain their temper and revive
their spirits. I found myself again with my old friends of the 29th.,
31st., 50th., and 9th., and all in good heart. My answer to all and
every man was, that we must fight it out, attack the enemy vigorously
at daybreak, beat him, or die honourably in the field. The gallant old
General, kind-hearted and heroically brave, entirely coincided with
me. During the night I occasionally called upon our brave English
soldiers to punish the Sikhs when they came too close, and were
imprudent; and when morning broke we went at it in true English style.
Gough was on the right. I placed myself, and dear little Arthur by my
side, in the centre, about thirty yards in front of the men, to
prevent their firing, and we drove the enemy without a halt from one
extremity of their camp to the other, capturing thirty or forty guns
as we went along, which fired at twenty paces from us, and were served
obstinately. The brave men drew up in an excellent line, and cheered
Gough and myself as we rode up the line, the regimental colours
lowering to me as on parade. The mournful part is the heavy loss I
have sustained in my officers. I have had ten aides-de-camp _hors de
combat_, five killed and five wounded. The fire of grape was very
heavy from 100 pieces of cannon. The Sikh army was drilled by French
officers, and the men the most warlike in India.”

Footnote 118:

“The Governor-General’s thanks are due to all the infantry regiments
of Her Majesty, and to the 1st. European Light Infantry of the East
India Company’s service, all of which regiments distinguished
themselves by the most devoted courage in braving the destructive fire
of the enemy’s batteries, and valiantly capturing their guns. The
Governor-General offers his thanks more especially to Her Majesty’s
3rd. Dragoons, who on all these occasions, sought opportunities of
useful conflict with the enemy, and fought with that superiority over
their opponents which skill and discipline impart to brave and
determined men.”—_General Orders by the Right Honourable the
Governor-General._

Footnote 119:

Shortly after the storming of the village of Aliwal, an European
officer in the Sikh service was given in charge to the 31st. regiment,
having surrendered himself as a prisoner to an officer of one of the
cavalry regiments in the Company’s service. He said his servant had
galloped off with his charger, and, being rather stout, preferred
giving himself up to the chance of running away; his name was John
Potter, a native of Maidstone, in Kent; he had deserted from the
Company’s artillery twenty years before, and was now a Colonel of
artillery in the Sikh service, having a native wife and family at
Lahore. The Governor-General afterwards permitted him to hold an
appointment in the Sikh service.

Footnote 120:

A most gallant act was performed by Sergeant Bernard McCabe, of the
31st. Foot. Lieutenant Tritton, bearing the Queen’s colour, was shot
through the head, and Ensign Jones, who carried the regimental one,
was nearly at the same time mortally wounded. The regimental colour
falling to the ground, was seized by Sergeant McCabe, who rushing
forward, crossed the ditch, and planted it on the highest point of the
enemy’s fortifications, maintaining his position under a most
tremendous fire, the colour being completely riddled with shot. The
men, cheering, scrambled into the works as best they could, and drove
the enemy into the river, Lieutenant Noel bearing the Queen’s colour,
the staff of which shivered in his hand. Sergeant McCabe was appointed
to an ensigncy in the 18th. Royal Irish Regiment, on the
recommendation of the late General Sir Harry Smith, who pronounced
this deed to be one of the most daring he ever witnessed, and which he
considered tended much to shorten the struggle. Captain McCabe, of the
32nd., to which regiment he was afterwards promoted, died of wounds,
received while leading his fourth sortie, at Lucknow, on the 1st. of
October, 1857.

Footnote 121:

Guns mounted upon camels, and carrying shot about one pound in weight.

Footnote 122:

“Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell has established a claim on this
day to the rare commendation of having achieved much with a cavalry
force, where the duty to be done consisted entirely of an attack on
field works, usually supposed to be the particular province of
infantry and artillery. His vigilance and activity throughout our
operations, and the superior manner in which our outposts duties have
been carried on under his superintendence demand my warmest
acknowledgements.”—_General Sir Hugh Gough’s despatch._

Footnote 123:

A superb gold medal, designed by William Wyon, Esq., was presented to
this officer by the Honourable East India Company. The obverse bears
the head of the Queen, superscribed VICTORIA REGINA, and on the
reverse are Victory and Valour crowning the arms of Major Edwardes;
these figures are resting on the lotus flower, and beneath is the
infant Hercules strangling the serpents, in allusion to the youth of
the hero; within the border thus formed is the following
inscription:—FROM THE EAST INDIA COMPANY TO LIEUTT. AND BREVT.-MAJOR
H. B. EDWARDES, C.B., FOR HIS SERVICES IN THE PUNJAB, A.D.
MDCCCXLVIII.

Footnote 124:

Brevet-Major Edwardes, C.B., in his despatch to Major-General Whish
giving such details of the action of the 7th. of November as concerned
the Irregular Auxiliary Force under his command, and Lieutenant Lake,
stated:—“I regret to say that the head of the British line reached the
east side of the nullah as our Irregulars arrived at the passage in
the canal, which connected the entrenchments on the east and west, and
a party of Sheikh Emamoodeen’s Rohillas, disregarding the heat of the
action the orders they had received to keep on their own side of the
nullah, crossed over and had captured a gun on the eastern bank, when
they were mistaken by the Sepoys for Moolraj’s troops, and two were
shot down before the error could be explained.

“I deem it my duty to bring to your notice the noble conduct of a
private of Her Majesty’s 32nd. Foot, who at this juncture, perceiving
what was going on, leaped down the canal, and putting himself in front
of my Pathans, faced the British troops, and waved his shako on the
end of his bayonet as the signal to cease firing. Thus many friendly
lives were saved. The name of this brave man is Howell.”

Footnote 125:

During this siege, the first Naval Brigade was organised. It consisted
of about one hundred men from Captain Powell’s steamers of the Indus
flotilla, who worked a battery of eighteen-pounders, in the most
effective manner.

Footnote 126:

The Sikhs “were magnificently placed, on a low hill surrounded by a
thick jungle, equalling the British in number of guns, and more than
doubling them in troops.”—_Letter from Officer engaged in the battle._

Footnote 127:

When Brigadier Pennycuick fell mortally wounded, a Sikh was mangling
the body; on seeing which his son rushed forward, dealt an avenging
blow, and across his father’s corpse endeavoured to protect the
remains; but it was in vain, and the heroic youth fell overpowered by
numbers.

Another father and son met a like fate in this campaign. Colonel
Cureton was killed at Ramnuggur, and his son, Lieutenant A. J.
Cureton, of the 14th. Light Dragoons, fell at Chilianwala.

Footnote 128:

The loss of the 24th., which advanced on the Sikh guns with unloaded
muskets, and blown by the run, was fearful; it was the central
regiment of the fifth brigade, under Brigadier Pennycuick, which
formed the right brigade of the third division, under
Brigadier-General Colin Campbell. Lieutenants-Colonels Brookes and
Pennycuick, C.B., Major Harris, Captains Lee, Travers, Harris, and
Shore, Lieutenants George Phillips, Payne, Woodgate, and Ensigns
William Phillips, Collis, and Pennycuick were killed; Major Paynter,
Captains Brown and Bazalgette, Lieutenants Williams, Croker, Berry,
Thelwall, and Hartshorn (Adjutant), Macpherson, and Archer (96th.
Foot,) were wounded. Of the men the casualties were returned as four
hundred and ninety-seven killed or wounded; two hundred and
twenty-seven of these were killed in action, and nine subsequently
died of their wounds.

Footnote 129: