Chapter XII: Section 1: Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the (8)

To this request the President replied that, while he was sorry that dangerous uncertainty should exist respecting his mode of procedure with the seceded States, he could give no clearer exposition of his policy than was given in his inaugural address, a careful consideration of which he recommended to the Virginia Convention.

Two days after this, Fort Sumter having been reduced by the Confederate Government, and other demonstrations of a revolutionary character having been made, the President issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers, for three months, to suppress the rebellion, and summoned Congress to assemble in extraordinary session. The call was heartily responded to, and, in a few days, a vastly greater number than had been requested offered themselves to their country. Meantime Washington was placed in a state of defense. Shortly after the commencement of hostilities, a blockade of all the Southern ports was declared. This was directly followed by a blockade of Virginia and North Carolina. On the 3d of May, 1861, the President issued a call for 42,034 additional volunteers for the term of three years. Congress having assembled, he addressed a message to that body, asking that at least 400,000 men and $400,000,000 be placed at his control, that the work of crushing the rebellion might be expedited. Congress readily complied, granting more men and money than had been asked.

On the 16th of August, 1861, the President issued a proclamation prohibiting all commercial intercourse between the loyal and seceded States. In the latter part of August, he modified a proclamation issued by General Fremont, which declared martial law in the State of Missouri, ordering the confiscation of the property of disloyal persons, and declaring their slaves free. The two latter of these measures Mr. Lincoln declared void. For this act he was blamed by many of his own party at the time.

Passing some other acts of less importance, we next notice the message addressed to Congress on the 6th of March, 1862, by the President, recommending that the Government coöperate with any State desiring a gradual emancipation of the slaves, by affording it such pecuniary aid as would enable it to “compensate for the inconveniences, public and private, produced by such change of system.” This message was hailed by the radical antislavery party of the country as the initiatory step toward a final and total abolition of slavery; by conservative Union men, with indifference; and by the secessionists as a hostile encroachment upon State rights.

On the 11th of March, 1862, Mr. Lincoln assumed command of the Army and Navy of the United States, ordering a general movement of both, and confining General McClellan to the command of the Department of the Potomac.

April 16th, 1862, he approved and signed an act of Congress, abolishing the institution of slavery in the District of Columbia, which act “recognized and practically applied” the principles of compensation and colonization.

During the month of May, the President issued two proclamations, the one declaring the ports of Port Royal, Beaufort, and New Orleans open for trade, the other repudiating an order issued by General Hunter, emancipating all the slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina. This act also produced some dissatisfaction. During the years 1862-1863, Mr. Lincoln was actively employed in calling out and furnishing troops, and making important changes in the organization of the army. It was also during this period that he issued his general emancipation proclamations—the first on the 22d day of September, 1862, declaring that all slaves held in any State, or part of a State found in actual rebellion against the authority of the United States on the 1st day of January, 1863, should then and forever thereafter be free; the second, on the 1st of January, 1863, declaring that, in accordance with the first proclamation, slavery is abolished in all the States and counties then in armed rebellion against the Government.

These measures, while they greatly unpopularized the President with certain parties in the Northern and Southern border States, were regarded as the exponents of the true policy by the radicals. His suspension of the writ of _habeas corpus_, in certain cases, September 15th, 1863, also produced considerable stir in political circles.

At the Republican Convention which met at Baltimore, in January, 1864, Mr. Lincoln was re-nominated for the Presidency of the United States—was elected November 8th, and duly inaugurated March 4th, 1865.

The following note of his inaugural address is from an English journal. It speaks for itself:

“On the 4th instant, the day of inaugurating his second term, President Lincoln read a short State paper, which for political weight, moral dignity, and unaffected solemnity has had no equal in our time. His presidency began, he says, with the efforts of both parties to avoid war. ‘To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend the slave interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union by war, while the Government claimed the right to do no more than restrict the territorial enlargement of it.’ Both parties ‘read the same Bible and pray to the same God.’

“The prayer of both can not be answered, that of neither has been answered fully, for the Almighty has his own purposes. Mr. Lincoln goes on to confess for the North its partnership in the original guilt of slavery: ‘Woe unto the world because of its offenses, for it must needs be that offenses come; but woe unto that man by whom the offenses cometh! If we shall suppose American slavery one of the offenses which in the providence of God must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war, as was due to those by whom the offense came, we will not discern that there is any departure from those divine attributes which believers in the living God always ascribe to Him. Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if it be God’s will that it continue till the wealth piled by bondsmen by two hundred and fifty years’ unrequited toil shall be sunk, and till every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be repaid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said that the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the light, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for those who have borne the battle, and for their widows and orphans. And with all this let us strive after a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.’ No statesman ever uttered words stamped at once with the seal of so deep a wisdom and so true a simplicity. The ‘village attorney,’ of whom Sir G. C. Lewis and many other wise men wrote with so much scorn, in 1861, seems destined to be one of those ‘foolish things of the world’ which are destined to confound the wise, one of those weak things which shall ‘confound the things that are mighty.’”

The rebel General Lee had surrendered. The war was apparently at an end. Abraham Lincoln, the honored and the great, looked forward to a speedy restoration of the Union. But while the storm lulled, the assassin did his work. J. Wilkes Booth shot Abraham Lincoln on the night of the 13th, and he died April 14th, 1865, honored and lamented by every true American. The world never before beheld such universal sorrow. A nation not merely mourned but was clad in the deepest mourning.

_Election for the Nineteenth Term, commencing March 4, 1861, and terminating March 3, 1865._

====+======================+===================+====================
| | PRESIDENT. | VICE-PRESIDENT.
A | +-----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+---
| STATES. | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J
----+----------------------+-----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+---
8 | Maine | 8 | | | | 8 | | |
5 | New Hampshire | 5 | | | | 5 | | |
13 | Massachusetts | 13 | | | | 13 | | |
4 | Rhode Island | 4 | | | | 4 | | |
6 | Connecticut | 6 | | | | 6 | | |
5 | Vermont | 5 | | | | 5 | | |
35 | New York | 35 | | | | 35 | | |
7 | New Jersey | 4 | | | 3 | 4 | | | 3
27 | Pennsylvania | 27 | | | | 27 | | |
3 | Delaware | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
8 | Maryland | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
15 | Virginia | | | 15 | | | | 15 |
10 | North Carolina | | 10 | | | | 10 | |
8 | South Carolina | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
10 | Georgia | | 10 | | | | 10 | |
12 | Kentucky | | | 12 | | | | 12 |
12 | Tennessee | | | 12 | | | | 12 |
23 | Ohio | 23 | | | | 23 | | |
6 | Louisiana | | 6 | | | | 6 | |
7 | Mississippi | | 7 | | | | 7 | |
13 | Indiana | 13 | | | | 13 | | |
11 | Illinois | 11 | | | | 11 | | |
9 | Alabama | | 9 | | | | 9 | |
9 | Missouri | | | | 9 | | | | 9
4 | Arkansas | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
6 | Michigan | 6 | | | | 6 | | |
3 | Florida | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
4 | Texas | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
4 | Iowa | 4 | | | | 4 | | |
5 | Wisconsin | 5 | | | | 5 | | |
4 | California | 4 | | | | 4 | | |
4 | Minnesota | 4 | | | | 4 | | |
3 | Oregon | 3 | | | | 3 | | |
----+----------------------+-----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+---
315 | Whole No. of Electors| 180 | 72 | 39 | 12 | 180 | 72 | 39 | 12
| Majority 157| | | | | | | |
====+======================+=====+====+====+====+=====+====+====+===

COLUMN HEADINGS:
(A) = No. of Electors from each State.
(B) = Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois.
(C) = John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky.
(D) = John Bell, of Tennessee.
(E) = Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois.
(F) = Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine.
(G) = Joseph Lane, of Texas.
(H) = Edward Everett, of Massachusetts.
(J) = Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia.

Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office as President, and entered upon his duties, March 4th, 1861. Hannibal Hamlin took the oath of office as Vice-President, and attended in the Senate as its President, on the 4th of March, 1861. The accession of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency was made the pretext for the great rebellion of 1861.

_Election for the Twentieth Term, commencing March 4, 1865, and terminating March 3, 1869._

===+================+==========+======+==============
| | PRESIDENT. | V. PRESIDENT.
A | STATES. +------+-----+-------+------
| | B | C | D | E
---+---------------------+------+-----+-------+------
7 | Maine | 7 | | 7 |
5 | New Hampshire | 5 | | 5 |
12 | Massachusetts | 12 | | 12 |
4 | Rhode Island | 4 | | 4 |
6 | Connecticut | 6 | | 6 |
5 | Vermont | 5 | | 5 |
33 | New York | 33 | | 33 |
7 | New Jersey | | 7 | | 7
26 | Pennsylvania | 26 | | 26 |
3 | Delaware | | 3 | | 3
7 | Maryland | 7 | | 7 |
15 | Virginia | | | |
5 | Western Virginia | 5 | | 5 |
8 | South Carolina | | | |
10 | North Carolina | | | |
10 | Georgia | | | |
11 | Kentucky | | 11 | | 11
12 | Tennessee | | | |
21 | Ohio | 21 | | 21 |
6 | Louisiana | | | |
7 | Mississippi | | | |
13 | Indiana | 13 | | 13 |
15 | Illinois | 15 | | 15 |
9 | Alabama | | | |
11 | Missouri | 11 | | 11 |
4 | Arkansas | | | |
8 | Michigan | 8 | | 8 |
3 | Florida | | | |
4 | Texas | | | |
8 | Iowa | 8 | | 8 |
8 | Wisconsin | 8 | | 8 |
5 | California | 5 | | 5 |
4 | Minnesota | 4 | | 4 |
3 | Oregon | 3 | | 3 |
3 | Nevada | 3 | | 3 |
3 | Kansas | 3 | | 3 |
----+--------------------+------+-----+-------+------
331 | | 212 | 21 | 212 | 21
====+====================+======+=====+=======+======

COLUMN HEADINGS:
(A) = No. of Electors from each State.
(B) = Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois.
(C) = Geo. B. McClellan, of Ohio.
(D) = Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee.
(E) = Geo. H. Pendleton, of Ohio.

Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida and Texas, being in rebellion, did not vote for President and Vice-President.

Whole number of Electoral votes cast were 233—for Lincoln and Johnson, 212; for McClellan and Pendleton, 21. Lincoln and Johnson’s majority 191, the greatest majority attained since the organization of the Government.

Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office as President and entered upon his duties March 4, 1865.

Andrew Johnson took the oath of office as Vice-President, and attended in the Senate as its President March 4, 1865.

ANDREW JOHNSON

Was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29th, 1808, and is now in his sixtieth year. He lost his father when only four years old. At the age of ten he was apprenticed to a tailor in Raleigh, and served with him an apprenticeship of seven years. His mother was poor, and had been unable to give him any educational advantages; but young Andy, whose unconquerable spirit was not to be restrained by any disadvantages, became stimulated with a desire for knowledge. He acquired the alphabet with no other instructions than those obtained from the journeymen with whom he worked. He learned to read from an old volume of speeches, loaned him by a friend, and thenceforward, after ten hours’ work with his goose, needle, and scissors, applied himself with vigor to study for three or four hours each evening. In 1824, having completed his apprenticeship, he went to Laurens Court house, South Carolina, where he worked as journeyman for two years. In 1826, he set out for the West, taking his mother, whom already, at his early age, and with his scanty wages, he was supporting. He made his home at Greenville, Tennessee, where he remained, and commenced business, and where he became a thriving and popular man. With the indefatigable thirst for knowledge which had characterized his early career, he still pursued his studies, and, in the evenings which followed a day of labor, with his wife as instructress, pushed on in the road to knowledge.

He entered early into political life, being elected to the first office he ever held—that of Alderman of the village of Greenville—in 1828. He was reëlected to the same office in 1829. In 1830, he was elected Mayor, and retained that position for three years. In 1835, he was sent to the Legislature, where he chiefly distinguished himself by taking strong grounds against a scheme of internal improvements, which, he argued, was extravagant and useless. The measure was popular, however, and he was defeated in 1837. In 1838, he was a candidate again, and was this time successful. In 1840, he served as Presidential elector for the State at large on the Democratic ticket, and during the campaign rendered efficient service to the party as a stump speaker. In 1841, he was elected to the State Senate, and, in 1843, at the age of thirty-five, he was elected to Congress, where he held his seat, being four times reëlected, until 1853. During this time he was thoroughly identified with the old Democratic party, and supported all the party measures. In 1853, he was elected Governor, after a very exciting contest, over Gustavus A. Henry. He was reëlected in 1855, over Meredith P. Gentry, the Whig candidate. At the expiration of his Gubernatorial term, in 1857, he was chosen United States Senator by a Democratic majority in the Legislature of Tennessee. In that body he commanded the respect of all his compeers, as an able, eloquent, and patriotic statesman. At the breaking out of the rebellion, Senator Andrew Johnson still proclaimed his allegiance to the United States, and continued to hold his seat in the Senate, though his course subjected him to much unpopularity, and even danger.

When, in the spring of 1862, our army had penetrated Tennessee to Nashville, and the northern and central portions of the State were wrested from rebel control, the President desired the services of a wise and sagacious man, of unquestionable loyalty, to act as Military Governor of that State; and he did not have long to look—Andrew Johnson was at once recognized as the man for the place, and, being commissioned a Brigadier-General, he repaired to Nashville, where he for two years discharged the delicate and responsible duty of his charge with a degree of wisdom and efficiency which challenged general admiration. Under his administration, the rebellion had steadily been losing its hold in Tennessee, and loyalty was as constantly cultivated and developed.

He was nominated for the Vice-Presidency by the Union Convention at Baltimore, June 8th, 1864, and was elected November 8, 1864, and was sworn into office March 4th, 1865.

President Lincoln died April 15. Andrew Johnson was sworn into office as President of the United States, on the same day, by Chief Justice Chase.

Soon after entering upon the duties of his office, he vetoed the Civil Rights Bill, the Constitutional Amendment, the Military Government Bill, and all the important bills passed by Congress; also suspended Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, from office, during the recess of Congress; on the assembling of which, he sent them his reasons for so doing. Upon considering which, they reinstated Secretary Stanton. Whereupon the President issued an order removing him, and ordering Major-General Thomas, Adjutant-General of the army, to act as Secretary _ad interim_—the same being done without the consent or advice of the Senate—for which and many other acts committed by him, and by Congress deemed unconstitutional, the House did, on the 25th of February, 1868, impeach Andrew Johnson of high crimes and misdemeanors; and he was accordingly tried for the same by the Senate—the result of which trial will be found in the Impeachment Act, on another page.

CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE REBELLION.

NOVEMBER, 1860—PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.

NOV. 6.—Each of the four political parties presented its candidate for the Presidency, and the same number for the Vice-Presidency. The Republican party supported Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, and Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine. One wing of the Democratic party supported S. A. Douglas, of Illinois, and H. V. Johnson, of Georgia; the other wing sustained John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, and Joseph Lane, of Oregon. The Old Line Whigs and Know Nothings supported John Bell, of Tennessee, and Edward Everett, of Massachusetts. The result of the popular vote was as follows:

Lincoln and Hamlin received 1,857,610; Douglas and Johnson, 1,365,976; Breckenridge and Lane, 847,553; Bell and Everett, 590,631.

NOV. 7.—The news of Mr. Lincoln’s election received at Charleston, South Carolina, with cheers for a Southern Confederacy. The “Palmetto Flag” hoisted on the vessels in the harbor.

NOV. 9.—An attempt to seize the arms in Fort Moultrie.

NOV. 10.—A bill was introduced into the South Carolina Legislature to raise and equip 10,000 men. The Legislature also ordered the election of a convention, to consider the question of secession. Jas. Chester, United States Senator from South Carolina, resigned.

NOV. 11.—Senator Hammond, of South Carolina, resigned.

NOV. 15.—Governor Letcher, of Virginia, called an extra session of the Legislature.

NOV. 18.—Georgia Legislature appropriated $1,000,000 to arm the State. Major Anderson sent to Fort Moultrie to relieve Colonel Gardner.

NOV. 19.—Governor Moore called an extra session of the Louisiana Legislature.

DECEMBER, 1860.

DEC. 1.—Florida Legislature ordered the election of a convention. Great secession meeting in Memphis.

DEC. 3.—Congress met. The President denied the right of a State to secede, and asserted the right of the General Government to coerce a seceding State.

DEC. 5.—Election of delegates to South Carolina Convention took place. The successful candidates were secessionists.

DEC. 10.—Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treasury, resigned. Senator Clay, of Alabama, resigned. The Louisiana Legislature ordered the election of a convention, and appropriated $500,000 to arm the State.

DEC. 13.—An extra session of the Cabinet was held to consider the question of reinforcing Fort Moultrie; the President opposed it, and reinforcements were not sent.

DEC. 14.—General Cass, Secretary of State, resigned.

DEC. 17.—South Carolina Convention assembled.

DEC. 18.—The Crittenden Compromise introduced in the United States Senate.

DEC. 19.—Governor Hicks, of Maryland, refused to receive the Mississippi Commissioner.

DEC. 20.—South Carolina Convention adopted a secession ordinance; the vote unanimous.

DEC. 22.—The Crittenden Compromise voted down in the Senate committee of Thirteen.

DEC. 24.—The people of Pittsburg stop the shipment of ordnance from the arsenal at that place to Southern forts. Governor Moore called an extra session of the Alabama Legislature.—Election of members of the Alabama Convention took place; the majority for secession was over 50,000.—South Carolina members of Congress resigned.

DEC. 26.—Major Anderson left Fort Moultrie and took possession of Fort Sumter. He had with him only 111 men. South Carolina Commissioners arrived in Washington. The President refused to receive them.

DEC. 27.—Revenue cutter, William Aiken, surrendered to the South Carolina authorities.

DEC. 28.—South Carolina seized the Government property in Charleston, took possession of Castle Pinckney and Fort Moultrie.

DEC. 29.—John B. Floyd, Secretary of War, resigned.

DEC. 31.—South Carolina sent Commissioners to the slave States to make arrangements for a Southern Confederacy.

JANUARY, 1861.

JAN. 2.—Governor Ellis, of North Carolina, took possession of Fort Macon. Georgia troops seized Forts Pulaski and Jackson, and the United States arsenal at Savannah.

JAN. 4.—Governor Moore, of Alabama, seized Fort Morgan, and the United States arsenal at Mobile. Fast-day, by proclamation of the President.

JAN. 7.—State Conventions of Alabama and Mississippi, Legislatures of Virginia and Tennessee, assembled.

JAN. 8.—Jacob Thompson, Secretary of the Interior, resigned. Fort Johnson at Wilmington, and Caswell at Oak Island, seized by North Carolina.

JAN. 9.—The steamer Star of the West fired on by rebel batteries in Charleston harbor, and driven back. Mississippi Convention passed secession ordinance by vote of 84 to 15.

JAN. 10.—Florida Convention adopted an ordinance of secession by a vote of 62 to 7. Florida seized Fort McRae.

JAN. 11.—Alabama seceded; vote in Convention, ayes, 61; noes, 39. P. B. Thomas, Secretary of the Treasury, resigned, and was succeeded by John A. Dix, of New York. The Governor of Louisiana seized Forts Phillip and Jackson, on the Mississippi below New Orleans, the United States arsenal at Baton Rouge, and Forts Pike and Macomb, on Lake Ponchartrain.

JAN. 13.—Florida troops took possession of the Pensacola Navy Yard and Fort Barancas. Lieutenant Slemmer, in command of Fort Pickens, refused to obey Commodore Armstrong’s order to surrender the fort to the Florida troops, and thus saved that important place to the Union.

JAN. 16.—The Legislature of Arkansas called a convention. Colonel Hayne, of South Carolina, demanded of the President the surrender of Fort Sumter, which was refused. The Missouri Legislature voted to hold a convention.

JAN. 18.—The Legislature of Virginia appropriated $1,000,000 for the defense of the State.

JAN. 19.—Georgia adopted a secession ordinance by vote of 208 to 89.

JAN. 21.—Members of Congress from Alabama resigned. Jefferson Davis resigned his place in the Senate.

JAN. 23.—Georgia members of Congress resigned.

JAN. 24.—The rebels seized the U. S. arsenal at Augusta Georgia.

JAN. 26.—Louisiana Legislature passed secession ordinance by vote of 113 to 17.

JAN. 30.—North Carolina Legislature submitted the convention question to the people. This was the first instance of the will of the people being consulted in regard to the question of secession. The revenue cutters Cass, at Mobile, and McLelland, at New Orleans, surrendered to the rebel authorities.

FEBRUARY, 1861.

FEB. 1.—Texas Convention passed an ordinance of secession by vote of 166 to 7, to be submitted to the people. The Louisiana authorities seized the Mint and Custom House at New Orleans.

FEB. 4.—Delegates from the seceded States met at Montgomery, Alabama, to organize a Confederate Government. Peace Congress met at Washington; Ex-President Tyler was chosen President.

FEB. 8.—The U. S. arsenal at Little Rock surrendered to Arkansas.

FEB. 9.—Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected Provisional President and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy.

FEB. 13.—The electoral vote counted. Abraham Lincoln received 180 votes, Stephen A. Douglas 12, John C. Breckenridge 72, and John Bell 39.

FEB. 19.—Fort Kearney, Kansas, seized by the rebels.

FEB. 23.—General Twiggs surrendered government property in Texas, valued at $1,200,000, to the rebels.

MARCH, 1861.

MARCH 1.—General Twiggs expelled from the army. Peace Congress adjourned.

MARCH 2.—Revenue cutter Dodge surrendered to the rebels at Galveston, Texas.

MARCH 4.—The ordinance of secession passed by the Texas Convention and submitted to the people, having been adopted by a majority of about 40,000, the Convention declared the State out of the Union.

MARCH 5.—General Beauregard took command of the troops at Charleston.

MARCH 6.—Fort Brown, on the Rio Grande, was surrendered by special agreement. The Federal troops evacuated the fort and sailed for Key West and Tortugas.

MARCH 28.—Vote of Louisiana on secession made public. For secession, 20,448; against it, 17,926.

MARCH 30.—Mississippi Convention ratified the Confederate Constitution by a vote of 78 to 70.

APRIL, 1861.

APRIL 3.—South Carolina Convention ratified the Confederate Constitution by a vote of 114 to 16.

APRIL 4.—Virginia Convention, by a vote of 89 to 45, refused to submit an ordinance of secession to the people.

APRIL 7.—All intercourse between Fort Sumter and Charleston stopped by order of Beauregard. The steamer Atlantic sailed from New York with troops and supplies.

APRIL 8.—The Federal Government notified the South Carolina authorities that provisions would be sent to Major Anderson by force, if necessary. The State Department refused to recognize the Confederate States Commissioners.

APRIL 11.—Troops are stationed in Washington, and the oath of fidelity administered to the men. The rebel Commissioners left Washington. General Beauregard demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter. Major Anderson refused.

BOMBARDMENT OF FORT SUMTER.

APRIL 12.—The rebels had constructed batteries on Morris Island, Sullivan Island and Cumming’s Point, besides occupying Fort Moultrie; they had also built a powerful floating battery, all of which were employed in the attack on Sumter. Fort Moultrie opened fire at four o’clock in the morning. Fort Sumter did not reply until seven o’clock. The fire was kept up with vigor by both sides. Major Anderson had under his command 111 men, including officers, musicians and laborers. The Legislature appropriated $500,000 to arm the State. Fort Pickens reinforced.

APRIL 13.—The bombardment of Fort Sumter continued; early in the day the officers’ quarters were fired by a shell; by noon most of the wood work was on fire; Sumter’s fire was almost silenced when General Wigfall came with a flag of truce, and arrangements were made for evacuating the fort. The terms were that the garrison should take all its individual and company property, that they should march out with their side arms in their own way, at their own time, and that they should salute their flag and take it with them.

APRIL 14.—Major Anderson and his men sailed for New York. Governor Yates, of Illinois, called an extra session of the Legislature, to meet April 22.

APRIL 15.—The President issued a proclamation commanding all persons in arms against the Government to disperse within twenty days; also calling for 75,000 volunteers. The New York Legislature authorized the raising of $3,000,000 for their equipment and support. The President called an extra session of Congress, to meet July 4th.

APRIL 16.—The Governors of Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri, refused to furnish troops Under the President’s proclamation.—The Confederate Government called for 32,000 men.

APRIL 17.—Virginia Convention adopted secession ordinance in secret session by a vote of 60 to 53, to be submitted to the people on the fourth Thursday of May. Forces were sent to seize the U. S. Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, and the Gosport Navy Yard. All the military power of the State was placed under the control of the President of the Southern Confederacy. Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation, offering letters of marque and reprisal to all who wished to engage in privateering.

APRIL 18.—U. S. Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry destroyed by Lieutenant Jones, to prevent it falling into the hands of the enemy. Colonel Cake, with 400 men of the 25th Pennsylvania regiment, arrived in Washington. These were the first troops to enter the city for its defense.

APRIL 19.—Steamer Star of the West seized by the rebels at Indianola, Texas. The 6th Massachusetts regiment, while passing through Baltimore, was attacked by a mob; two soldiers were wounded. The troops fired upon the mob, killing eleven and wounding many. President Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring the ports of South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, in a state of blockade. Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania, added to the military department of Washington, and placed under the command of General Patterson. City Council of Philadelphia appropriated $1,000,000 to equip the volunteers and support their families.

APRIL 20.—The Governor of North Carolina seized the Branch Mint at Charlotte. Several bridges on the Northern Pennsylvania Railroad destroyed by Maryland rebels, to prevent the passage of troops to Washington. The U. S. Arsenal at Liberty, Mo., seized by the secessionists and the arms distributed among the surrounding counties. The Gosport Navy Yard destroyed by General McCauley, to keep it from the rebels; the war vessels Delaware, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Germantown, Merrimac, Raritan, Dolphin and United States, were scuttled and set on fire; the Cumberland was towed out. The 4th Massachusetts regiment arrived at Fortress Monroe. A special meeting of the Pennsylvania Legislature called for the 30th, by proclamation of Governor Curtin.

APRIL 21.—Federal Government took possession of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Railroad. Senator Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, mobbed at Lynchburg, Va.

APRIL 22.—U. S. Arsenal at Fayetteville, N. C., seized by the rebels. Arkansas seized the Arsenal at Napoleon.

APRIL 24.—Fort Smith, Arkansas, seized by the rebels under Senator Boland. Cairo, Illinois, occupied by Union troops.

APRIL 25.—Major Sibly surrendered 450 U. S. troops to the rebel Colonel Van Dorn, at Saluria, Texas. A company of Illinois volunteers, acting under the authority of the Government, removed 22,000 stand of arms from the Arsenal at St. Louis to Springfield, Illinois. Governor Letcher proclaims Virginia a member of the Southern Confederacy.

APRIL 27.—The steamer Aelmick, loaded with powder and munitions of war for the South, seized at Cairo. The blockade extended to the ports of North Carolina and Virginia. All officers of the army were required to take the oath of allegiance.

APRIL 29.—The Indiana Legislature appropriated $500,000 to arm the State. The Maryland House of Delegates voted against secession, 63 to 13. Governor Harris, of Tennessee, seized bonds and money in the Collector’s hands at Nashville, belonging to the Federal Government. Three steamships seized at New Orleans by order of Governor Moore, of Louisiana.

MAY, 1861.

MAY 1.—North Carolina Legislature passed a bill calling a State Convention, to meet on the 20th of May. The Legislature of Tennessee passed an act, in secret session, authorizing the Governor to form a league with the Southern Confederacy.

MAY 3.—Governor Letcher called out the militia to defend Virginia. President Lincoln called for 42,000 three years’ volunteers; 22,000 troops for the regular army, and 18,000 seamen. Fourteen companies of Kentucky volunteers offered their services to the Secretary of War, notwithstanding the Governor’s refusal. Connecticut Legislature appropriated $2,000,000 for military purposes.

MAY 4.—General McClellan placed in command of the Department of Ohio, comprising the States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Union meetings were held in Preston county, Va., and at Wheeling, Va.

MAY 5.—General Butler took possession of the Relay House, Maryland.

MAY 6.—Arkansas Convention passed an ordinance of secession, by vote of 69 to 1. Tennessee Legislature adopted secession ordinance in secret session, to be submitted to a vote of the people on the 8th of June.

MAY 10.—A mob attacked the Home Guard at St. Louis; the Guard fired on the rioters, killing seven. A rebel force of 800 men, under Gen. Frost, surrendered to Captain (afterwards General) Lyon, at St. Louis.

MAY 11.—The mob made another attack on the Home Guard in St. Louis. Blockade of Charleston, S. C., established by the steamer Niagara.

MAY 13.—A Convention composed of delegates from 35 counties, met at Wheeling, Virginia, to consider the policy of forming a new State.

MAY 14.—A schooner loaded with arms for the rebels, also a large number of guns in Baltimore, seized by the forces under General Butler. The ship Argo, with a cargo of tobacco valued at $150,000, captured by the U. S. gunboat Quaker City.

MAY 16.—A bridge on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad destroyed. General Scott ordered the fortification of Arlington Heights.

MAY 17.—Secession spies arrested in Washington by order of General Scott. Adams Express Company prohibited from carrying packages or letters south of Washington. Rebels commence fortifying Harper’s Ferry.

MAY 18.—Military Department of Virginia created, comprising Eastern Virginia, North and South Carolina; headquarters at Fortress Monroe, commander General Butler.

MAY 19.—Rebel batteries at Sewell’s Point attacked by U. S. steamers. Two schooners with rebel troops on board captured by the U. S. steamer Freeborn.

MAY 20.—Telegraphic dispatches throughout the North seized by order of the Government. North Carolina secession ordinance adopted. Governor Magoffin proclaimed the neutrality of Kentucky.

MAY 22.—Fortifications of Ship Island destroyed to keep them from the enemy.

MAY 24.—Thirteen thousand troops crossed the Potomac into Virginia. Alexandria occupied by Federal troops. Colonel Ellsworth shot by Jackson; the murderer was instantly killed. Arlington Heights occupied by Union troops.

MAY 25.—Union troops destroyed seven bridges and five miles of railroad from Alexandria to Leesburg.

MAY 26.—Western Virginia gave a large majority in favor of the Union. The port of New Orleans was blockaded by the sloop of war Brooklyn. All postal service in the seceded States suspended.

MAY 31.—The steamers Freeborn and Anacosta engage the rebel batteries at Acquia Creek.

JUNE, 1861.

JUNE 1.—Lieutenant Tompkins, with 47 men, attacked the rebels at Fairfax Court House, killing Captain Marr and several others. Union loss two killed. The steamers Freeborn and Anacosta engage the batteries at Acquia Creek the second time. Skirmish at Williamsport, Maryland, between the rebels and a company of Home Guards.

JUNE 3.—Colonel Kelly defeated the rebels at Phillippi, Va., killing 15; Colonel Kelly was severely wounded. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. General Beauregard arrived and assumed command of the Confederate forces at Manassas Junction, Va. The voluntary contributions in the Northern States to carry on the war amounted to over $32,000,000.

JUNE 6.—Harriet Lane attacked the batteries at Pig Point, near Fortress Monroe. A company of rebel cavalry, captured at Alexandria, Va., take the oath of allegiance.

BATTLE OF BIG BETHEL.

JUNE 10.—Three regiments of Union troops, under the command of General Pierce, were defeated with a loss of 16 killed, among them Major Winthrop, and 41 wounded.

JUNE 11.—Skirmish at Romney, Va. Wheeling Convention met.

JUNE 14.—Rebels evacuated Harper’s Ferry, after destroying all available property; the armory machinery was taken to Richmond.

JUNE 15.—Brig Perry arrived at New York with the privateer Savannah, captured June 4th.

JUNE 17.—Wheeling Convention unanimously declared Western Virginia independent of the rebel portion of the State. A train of cars with 275 Ohio volunteers, under the command of Colonel Schenck, was fired into from a masked battery near Vienna, Va,; 8 were killed and 12 wounded. General Lyon defeated the rebels at Boonville, Mo., with a loss of about 30 killed and 50 wounded; Union loss 2 killed and 9 wounded.

JUNE 10.—A skirmish took place at Cole Camp, Mo., between a body of secessionists and a company of Home Guards; the latter were defeated with a loss of 10 killed, 20 wounded and 30 prisoners. A detachment of U. S. Regulars captured a number of rebels with their arms and ammunition, at Liberty, Mo.

JUNE 20.—Union Convention elected Frank D. Pierpont Governor of Virginia. General McClellan assumed command in person of the army in Western Virginia.

JUNE 23.—Forty-eight locomotives belonging to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, valued at $400,000, were destroyed by the rebels.

JUNE 24.—The U. S. gunboat Pawnee attacked the rebel battery at Mathias Point. A spy arrested at Washington with a full detail of the number of the troops and batteries, and the best plan of attack on the city.

JUNE 26.—The President acknowledged the Wheeling government of Virginia.

JUNE 27.—George P. Kane, Marshal of Baltimore police, arrested by General Banks and sent to Fort McHenry. The steamers Pawnee, Resolute and Freeborn, made a second attack on the rebel battery at Mathias Point; Captain Ward, commanding the Federal force, was killed.

JUNE 29.—The rebel privateer Sumter escaped from New Orleans. The rebels made a dash at Harper’s Ferry, destroying several boats and a railroad bridge.

JULY, 1861.

JULY 2.—General Patterson defeated the Confederates at Falling Water, Va.; Union loss 3 killed and 10 wounded.

JULY 3.—A rebel company of 94 men captured at Neosho, Missouri.

JULY 4.—Rebels seized the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Congress met in extra session

BATTLE OF CARTHAGE, MO.

JULY 5.—Confederates were commanded by Governor Jackson, the Federal troops, numbering 1,600, by Colonel Sigel. Colonel Sigel retreated to Springfield; Union loss 13 killed and 31 wounded.

JULY 6.—General Fremont appointed to the command of the Western Department, consisting of the State of Illinois, and the States and territories west of the Mississippi, and east of the Rocky Mountains. Headquarters at St. Louis. 45 men belonging to the 3d Ohio regiment, cut their way through an ambuscade near Buchanan, Virginia.

JULY 10.—Skirmish at Laurel Hill, Virginia, rebels defeated. Union loss, 2 killed and 2 wounded.

JULY 11.—The following Senators were expelled from the U. S. Senate: J. M. Mason, R. M. Hunter, of Virginia; T. L. Clingham and Thomas Bragg, of North Carolina; L. T. Wigfall and J. U. Hemphill, of Texas; C. B. Mitchell and W. K. Sebastian, of Arkansas; and A. O. F. Nicholson, of Tennessee.

BATTLE OF RICH MOUNTAIN.

JULY 12.—The Federal troops, under command of Colonel Rosecrans, defeated the enemy under Colonel Pegram. The rebels lost their wagons, guns, camp equipage, and about 800 prisoners, besides 150 killed and wounded.

JULY 13.—-The Confederates under General Garnett were defeated at Carrick’s Ford, Virginia. The rebel General Garnett was killed. Union loss was 2 killed and 10 wounded.

BATTLE OF SCREYTOWN, VA.—The Federals under Colonel Lowe, were defeated with a loss of 9 killed and 40 wounded and missing.

JULY 15.—Skirmish at Bunker Hill, Virginia. The rebel cavalry under Colonel Stuart, made the attack, but were defeated.

JULY 16.—Skirmish at Millville, Missouri, and at Barboursville, Virginia. Tilgham, a negro, killed three of a rebel prize crew on the S. J. Warring, and brought the vessel into New York. President Lincoln authorized to call the militia and accept the services of 500,000 men.

FIGHT AT BLACKBURN FORD.

JULY 18.—The Federal troops under command of General Tyler made the attack, but after three hours’ fighting were ordered back to Centerville; their loss was 19 killed and 64 wounded and missing. The Department of Maryland created, and General John A. Dix placed in command. Headquarters at Baltimore.

JULY 19.—General Banks superceded General Patterson. Headquarters in the field.

JULY 20.—The Confederate Congress met at Richmond.

BATTLE OF BULL RUN.

JULY 21.—The Army of the Potomac, 45,000 strong, under the command of Brigadier-General McDowell, left its camp near Washington, July 17. The army was formed in five divisions. General Tyler commanded the 1st division, Colonel Hunter the 2d, Colonel Heintzelman the 3d, Colonel Runyon the 4th, and Colonel Miles the 5th. Colonel Runyon’s division remained in the rear, between Centerville and Fairfax, and took no part in the battle. The enemy, in numbers about equal to the attacking force, occupied a position at Manassas naturally strong, and made doubly so by art. The battle was commenced on Sunday morning by the Union troops and was fought skilfully and bravely; the enemy were driven from a portion of their works, and the chances were decidedly in favor of the Federals; but the arrival of the rebel General Johnson with large reinforcements, turned the scale; at the same time a panic seized upon the troops, and they commenced a shameful and disorderly retreat towards Washington. The Federal loss was 481 killed, 104 wounded, and 1,216 missing. The rebel loss, according to General Beauregard, was 269 killed, and 1,483 wounded.

JULY 22.—General McClellan took command of the Army of the Potomac. Three Months Volunteers began to return home.

JULY 24.—Fort Fillmore, New Mexico, treacherously surrendered to the enemy by Major Lynde, U. S. A. All the arms and supplies were delivered up, and the soldiers released on parole.

JULY 25.—General Rosecrans assumed command of the army in Western Virginia.

JULY 31.—City Council of Cincinnati appropriated $23,000 to aid in relieving the families of volunteers from Hamilton county, Ohio.

AUGUST, 1861.

AUG. 1.—The rebels retreated from Harper’s Ferry to Leesburg.

AUG. 2.—General Lyon defeated the Confederates at Dug Spring, Missouri. Union loss was 8 killed at 30 wounded. The vessels engaged in a contraband trade with the rebels of Virginia and North Carolina were destroyed in Pocomoke Sound

AUG. 3.—Congress passed a bill for raising $20,000,000 by direct taxation and the Confiscation bill.

AUG. 5.—Commodore Alden bombarded Galveston, Texas.

AUG. 6.—The extra session of Congress closed.

AUG. 7.—The village of Hampton, Virginia, destroyed by the rebels. The privateer York burned by the U. S. Gunboat Union, crew taken prisoners.

BATTLE OF WILSON CREEK, MO.

AUG. 10.—General Lyon, with 5,000 Missouri, Iowa and Kansas troops, attacked a Confederate force double that of his own at Wilson Creek, near Springfield, Missouri. After a hard fight of six hours, General Lyon being killed, the Union troops, under the command of Colonel Sigel and Major Sturgis, retired to Springfield. The enemy did not pursue. Union loss was 223 killed, and 1,012 wounded and missing. General McCulloch, commanding the rebels, reported 265 killed, and 800 wounded.

AUG. 12.—President Lincoln appointed the 30th of September as a fast day.

AUG. 14.—General Fremont declared martial law in St. Louis.

AUG. 15.—Jefferson Davis ordered all Northern men to leave the South in forty days.

AUG. 16.—General Wool took command at Fortress Monroe.

AUG. 21.—Colonel Doherty with 300 Illinois troops, dispersed a rebel force at Charleston, Missouri. Union loss 1 killed and 6 wounded.

AUG. 26.—The 7th Ohio regiment, 900 strong, were surprised at Summerville, Virginia, while at breakfast, by the rebels, under General Floyd, but fought their way out, with a loss of 6 officers. The Hatteras expedition sailed.

AUG. 28.—Fort Clark, on the coast of North Carolina, captured.

AUG. 29.—Fort Hatteras surrendered to the Union forces. Rebel loss was 48 killed, 51 wounded, and 691 prisoners. The Federals lost none.

AUG. 30.—Fort Morgan, at Ocracoke Inlet, abandoned by the Confederates.

SEPTEMBER, 1861.

SEPT. 1.—Kentucky Legislature met. Union majority in the Senate, 16; in the House, 52. Fight at Boonville, Virginia; the rebels were defeated and the town destroyed. Union loss 6 wounded.

SEPT. 4.—Confederates under General Polk, took possession of Columbus, Kentucky. The rebels attempted to cross the Potomac at Great Falls, but were repulsed.

SEPT. 6.—General Grant took possession of Paducah, Ky.

BATTLE OF CARNIFEX FERRY.

SEPT. 10.—General Rosecrans with 4,500 troops, attacked the rebels under Floyd, in their intrenched camp at Gauley river, near Carnifex Ferry. After several hours’ fighting, darkness put an end to the contest. During the night Floyd retreated, burning the bridge over Gauley river. The Federal loss was 15 killed and 70 wounded. A naval engagement took place on the Mississippi between the U. S. gunboats Conestoga and Lexington, and two Confederate boats, assisted by a battery at Lucas Bend. The battery was silenced, and the boats driven to Columbus.

SEPT. 11.—President Lincoln modified General Fremont’s emancipation proclamation.

SEPT. 12.—Fight at Cheat Mountain. Colonel J. A. Washington, proprietor of Mount Vernon, was killed. Union loss, 9 killed and 12 wounded.

SEPT. 17.—Accident on the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, near Huron, Indiana. About 100 of the 19th Illinois regiment were killed or wounded. Skirmish between the 3d Iowa regiment and a band of Confederates at Blue Mills, Missouri. The Federal troops were compelled to fall back, but receiving reinforcements, rallied, when the rebels retreated. Union loss, 12 killed and 85 wounded.

SEPT. 18.—Colonel Frank Blair arrested by order of General Fremont. Maryland Legislature closed by Provost Marshal. Secession members sent to Fort McHenry.

SEPT. 19.—Governor Morehead, Rueben Merrit, and M. A. Barr, arrested in Louisville, Kentucky, for treason.

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, MO.

SEPT. 20.—Colonel Mulligan, with 2,460 men, occupying the town of Lexington, Missouri, was attacked by a greatly superior force of the enemy, and after four days was compelled to surrender. During the siege the whole Union loss was 39 killed and 120 wounded.

SEPT. 21.—John C. Breckinridge fled from Frankfort, Kentucky, and joined the rebels. General Lane defeated a rebel force at Papinsville, Missouri. Federal loss 17 killed.

OCTOBER, 1861.

OCT. 1.—The propeller Fanny captured by the rebels at Chicamacomico.

OCT. 2.—Fight at Chapmanville, Virginia, between Colonel Enyartz, Kentucky volunteers, and a party of Confederates. The latter were defeated and 47 of them taken prisoners. Union loss 4 killed and 8 wounded.

OCT. 3.—General Reynolds made an armed reconnaissance of the enemy’s position at Greenbriar. After driving in the rebel pickets and capturing three cannon, General Reynolds returned to Cheat Mountain, having lost 8 killed and 32 wounded. The Confederates evacuated Lexington, Missouri.

OCT. 4.—A large force of rebels under Colonel Barlow attacked the 20th Indiana regiment in their camp at Chicamacomico. The Federals retreated, leaving the wounded in the hands of the enemy.

OCT. 5.—The steamer Monticello shelled the rebels under Bartow, and drove them to their boats.

OCT. 6.—Fight at Flemington, Kentucky, between the Home Guard and a band of rebels. The latter were defeated.

OCT. 7.—The rebel iron-clad steamer, Merrimac, made its first appearance within sight of Fortress Monroe.

OCT. 9.—Confederates made an attack on Santa Rosa Island, but were defeated. Union loss was 13 killed and 21 wounded. Colonel Geary, with 400 Pennsylvania troops, crossed the Potomac at Harper’s Ferry, and captured 21,000 bushels of wheat.

OCT. 11.—Rebel steamer Theodore escaped from Charleston, South Carolina, with Mason and Slidell on board.

OCT. 15.—Jeff. Thompson, with a force of 600 men, captured a guard of 50, stationed at Big River Bridge, near Potosi, Missouri, and destroyed the bridge.

OCT. 16.—A small Union force under Major White recaptured Lexington, Missouri.

OCT. 21.—Fight at Fredericktown, Missouri. The Confederates defeated. Union loss 6 killed and about 60 wounded.

BATTLE OF BALL’S BLUFF.

OCT. 21.—Union forces engaged numbered 1,900, commanded by Colonel Baker. General Stone failed to cross the Potomac to support Colonel Baker. After a severe fight, in which Colonel Baker was killed, the Federals retreated. Union loss was 223 killed, 266 wounded, and 455 prisoners, including 100 wounded.

BATTLE OF WILD CAT, KY.

OCT. 21.—General Zollicoffer, with 6,000 Confederates, attacked the Unionists at Camp Wild Cat, Laurel county, Kentucky, and was repulsed by the forces under General Schoep. Union loss 4 killed and 21 wounded.

OCT. 22.—Skirmish at Buffalo Mills, Missouri. Rebels lost 17 killed and 90 prisoners.

OCT. 25.—General Kelley defeated the enemy, at Romney, Virginia.

OCT. 26.—Gallant charge of Major Zagoni, with 150 of Fremont’s body guard on a large force of rebels near Springfield, Missouri. The enemy was routed with a loss of 106 killed and 27 prisoners. Union loss 52 killed and wounded.

OCT. 26.—General Lane captured a rebel transportation train near Butler, Missouri.

OCT. 29.—The second naval expedition, consisting of 80 vessels, and 15,000 men, sailed from Fortress Monroe. The naval force was commanded by Commodore Dupont; the land forces were commanded by General Sherman.

NOVEMBER, 1861.

NOV. 1.—General Scott resigned as commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States. General McClellan was appointed in his place. General Benham defeated the rebels at Gauley Bridge, Virginia.

NOV. 2.—General Hunter superceded John C. Fremont in the command of the Western Department. The Confederate schooner Bermuda ran the blockade at Savannah.

PORT ROYAL.

NOV. 7.—The naval and military forces under the command of Commodore Dupont and General Sherman, captured Forts Walker and Beauregard, at Port Royal entrance. They also took possession of the town of Beaufort and Hilton Island. The Union loss was 8 killed and 25 wounded.

BATTLE OF BELMONT.

General Grant, with a force of 2,800, attacked a rebel camp at Belmont, Missouri, driving the enemy out and destroying the camp, and taking a quantity of arms; but reinforcements arriving at Columbus, the Federals were compelled to retreat; their loss was 84 killed, 288 wounded, and 235 missing.

NOV. 8.—Five rebel boats made an attack on Fort Hatteras, but were repulsed.

NOV. 10.—The rebels attack the town Guyandotte, Virginia, killing some of the Union men, but were driven off.

NOV. 11.—Guyandotte burned by the Unionists. General Halleck takes command of the Western Department.

NOV. 15.—The United States Frigate San Jacinto arrived at Fortress Monroe with Mason and Slidell, the rebel commissioners to Europe.

NOV. 18.—Confederate Congress met.

NOV. 21.—The United States vessel Santee captured the privateer Royal Yacht, off Galveston, Texas.

NOV. 23.—Fort Pickens and the U. S. war vessels Niagara and Colorado, bombarded the rebel fortifications at Pensacola. Port of Warrenton burnt.

NOV. 26.—Sharp skirmish at Hunter’s Hill, Virginia. Union loss 28 killed and wounded.

NOV. 27.—General McClellan directed the observance of the Sabbath in all the camps of the U. S. Army.

NOV. 29.—Skirmish at Warsaw, Missouri; a portion of the town destroyed.

NOV. 30.—Fight at Salem, Missouri. Rebels defeated with a loss of 39 killed and wounded.

DECEMBER, 1861.

DEC. 3.—Congress met.

DEC. 4.—John C. Breckinridge expelled from the United States Senate.

DEC. 5.—Engagement between the rebel gunboats and the Federal vessels, at Cape Hatteras. According to the reports of the Secretaries of War and Navy, the Union forces numbered 640,537 volunteers, 20,334 regular soldiers, and 22,000 seamen.

DEC. 9.—The Confederate Congress passed a bill admitting Kentucky into the Southern Confederacy. Freestone Point, Virginia, shelled by the National gunboats; the rebel batteries were silenced, and the buildings containing stores were destroyed.

DEC. 13.—Engagement at Camp Alleghany, Virginia, in which General Milroy defeated the rebels under Colonel Johnson. Union loss, 21 killed and 107 wounded.

FIGHT AT MUNFORDSVILLE, KY.

DEC. 17.—The Union force engaged was a portion of the 32d Indiana (German) regiment; the Confederates were commanded by General Hindman; battle drawn. Union loss 10 killed and 17 wounded. General Pope captured 360 secessionists at Osceola, Missouri.

DEC. 18.—General Pope captured 1,300 rebels, a number of horses and wagons, and 1,000 stand of arms, at Millford, Missouri. Union loss 2 killed and 17 wounded. Stone fleet sunk in Charleston harbor.

DEC. 20.—Battle of Drainsville, Virginia, in which the rebels were defeated by the Union troops under General McCall. Union loss 7 killed and 61 wounded.

DEC. 27.—Mason and Slidell surrendered to the British Minister.

DEC. 28.—A fight took place at Mount Zion, Boone county, Missouri. The Confederates were dispersed with considerable loss in killed, wounded and prisoners. Union loss 3 killed and 11 wounded.

JANUARY, 1862.

JAN. 1.—Mason and Slidell left Fort Warren, for England, in the British steamer Rinaldo. Cannon fight at Fort Pickens. General Stevens advances from Beaufort to the mainland, and with the assistance of the gunboats, captured the Coosaw batteries. Union loss 2 killed and 8 wounded.

JAN. 4.—General Milroy defeated the rebels at Huntersville, Virginia, and captured $80,000 worth of stores.

JAN. 7.—Rebels defeated at Romney. A force of 300 Union troops sent by General Milroy, captured a large quantity of stores in Tucker county, Virginia.

JAN. 8.—General Palmer defeated the rebels at Silver Creek, Missouri. Union loss 4 killed and 18 wounded.

JAN. 10.—Colonel Garfield defeated the rebels under Humphrey Marshall, at Prestonburg, Ky.

JAN. 11.—The Burnside expedition sailed from Fortress Monroe. Naval engagement on the Mississippi between the Union steamers Essex and St. Louis, and four rebel boats; the latter were compelled to seek protection under the batteries at Columbus. Simon Cameron resigned his position as Secretary of War, and E. M. Stanton appointed in his place.

MILL SPRING, KY.

JAN. 19.—This battle was fought between 3,000 Union troops under General Schoep, and rebels under General Zollicoffer. The enemy were defeated and General Zollicoffer killed. Union loss, 39 killed and 127 wounded.

FEBRUARY, 1862.