Chapter XXVIII: Concluding Remarks (4)

—bud-variation in a plum, 23;

—correlated variation of head and limbs, 8.

KNOX, Mr., breeding of the eagle owl in captivity, 18.

KOCH, degeneracy in the turnip, 9.

KOHLRABI, 9.

KÖLREUTER, reversion in hybrids, 11, 13;

—acquired sterility of crossed varieties of plants, 10, 16;

—absorption of _Mirabilis vulgaris_ by _M. longiflora,_ 15;

—crosses of species of _ Verbascum,_ 15, 16;

—on the hollyhock, 16;

—crossing varieties of tobacco, 16;

—benefits of crossing plants, 17 (2), 19 (2);

—sell-impotence in _Verbascum,_ 17 (2);

—effects of conditions of growth upon fertility in _Mirabilis,_ 18;

—great development of tubers in hybrid plants, 18;

—inheritance of plasticity, 21;

—variability of hybrids of _ Mirabilis,_ 22;

—repeated crossing a cause of variation, 22;

—number of pollen-grains necessary for fertilisation, 27.

“KRAUSESCHWEIN,” 3.

KROHN, on the double reproduction of Medusæ, 27.

“KROPF-TAUBEN,” 5.

LABAT, on the tusks of feral boars in the West Indies, 5;

—on French wheat grown in the West Indies, 24;

—on the culture of the vine in the West Indies, 24.

LABURNUM, Adam’s, _see Cytisus adami,_;

—oak-leaved, reversion of, 11;

—pelorism in the, 26;

—Waterer’s, 11.

LACHMANN, on gemmation and fission, 27.

_Lachnanthes tinctoria,_ 21, 25.

LACTATION, imperfect, hereditary, 12;

—deficient, of wild animals in captivity, 18.

LADRONE Islands, cattle of, 3.

LA GASCA, Prof., individual variation in wheat, 9.

LAING, Mr., resemblance of Norwegian and Devonshire cattle, 3.

LAKE-DWELLINGS, sheep of, 3;

—cattle of, 3;

—absence of the fowl in, 7;

—cultivated plants of, 9, 28 (2);

—cereals of, 9;

—peas found in, 9;

—beans found in, 9.

LAMARE-PIQUOT, observations on half-bred North American wolves, 1.

LAMBERT, A. B., on _Thuja pendula_ or _filiformis,_ 10.

LAMBERT family, 12, 14.

LAMBERTYE, on strawberries, 10 (2);

—five-leaved variety of _Fragaria collina,_ 10.

LANDT, L., on sheep in the Faroe Islands, 16.

LANKESTER, RAY, on longevity, 27.

LA PLATA, wild dogs of, 1;

—feral cat from, 1.

LARCH, 24.

LARKSPURS, insect agency necessary for the full fecundation of, 12.

_Larus argentatus,_ 18, 24.

_Larus tridactylus,_ 24.

LASTERYE, merino sheep in different countries, 3.

LATENT characters, 13.

LATHAM, on the fowl not breeding in the extreme north, 18.

_Lathyrus,_ 13.

_Lathyrus aphaca,_ 26.

_Lathyrus odoratus,_ 11 (2), 15 (2), 24.

LA TOUCHE, J. D., on a Canadian apple with dimidiate fruit, 11 (2).

“LATZ-TAUBE,” 5.

LAUGHER pigeon, 5, 6.

_Laurus sassafras,_ 23.

LAWRENCE, J., production of a new breed of foxhounds, 1;

—occurrence of canines in mares, 2;

—on three-parts-bred horses, 2;

—on inheritance in the horse, 12 (2).

LAWSON, Mr., varieties of the potato, 9.

LAXTON, Mr., bud-variation in the gooseberry, 11;

—crossing of varieties of the pea, 11 (2);

—weakness of transmission in peas, 14;

—double-flowered peas, 18.

LAYARD, E. L., resemblance of a Caffre dog to the Esquimaux breed, 1, 23;

—crossing of the domestic cat with _Felis caffra,_ 1;

—feral pigeons in Ascension, 6;

—domestic pigeons of Ceylon, 6;

—on _Gallus stanleyi,_ 7;

—on black-skinned Ceylonese fowls, 7.

LE COMPTE family, blindness inherited in, 14.

LECOQ, bud-variation in _Mirabilis jalapa,_ 11;

—hybrids of _Mirabilis,_ 11, 18, 22;

—crossing in plants, 17;

—fecundation of _Passiflora,_ 17;

—hybrid _Gladiolus,_ 17;

—sterility of _Ranunculus ficaria,_ 18;

—villosity in plants, 23;

—double asters, 24.

LE COUTEUR, J., varieties of wheat, 9;

—acclimatisation of exotic wheat in Europe, 9;

—adaptation of wheat to soil and climate, 9;

—selection of seed-corn, 9;

—evil from inter-breeding, 17;

—on change of soil, 18;

—selection of wheat, 20;

—natural selection in wheat, 21;

—cattle of Jersey, 21.

LEDGER, Mr., on the llama and alpaca, 20.

LEE, Mr., his early culture of the pansy, 10.

_Leersia oryzoides,_ 15.

LEFOUR, period of gestation in cattle, 3.

LEGRAIN, falsified experiments of, 17.

LEGS, of fowls, effects of disuse on, 7;

—characters and variations of, in ducks, 24.

LEGUAT, cattle of the Cape of Good Hope, 3.

LEHMANN, occurrence of wild double-flowered plants near a hot spring, 18.

LEIGHTON, W. A., propagation of a weeping yew by seed, 12.

LEITNER, effects of removal of anthers, 18.

LEMMING, 18.

LEMOINE, variegated _Symphytum_ and _Phlox,_ 11.

LEMON, 10;

—orange fecundated by pollen of the, 11.

LEMURS, hybrid, 4.

LEPORIDES, 18.

LEPSIUS, figures of ancient Egyptian dogs, 1;

—domestication of pigeons in ancient Egypt, 6.

_Lepus glacialis,_ 4.

_Lepus magellanicus,_ 4.

_Lepus nigripes,_ 4.

_Lepus tibetanus,_ 4.

_Lepus variabilis,_ 4.

LEREBOULLET, double monsters of fishes, 26.

LESLIE, on Scotch wild cattle, 3.

LESSONA, on regrowth, 27;

—on _Lepus magellanicus,_ 4.

LETHBRIDGE, previous impregnation, 11.

LEUCKART, on the larva of Cecidomyidæ, 27.

LEWES, G. H., on Pangenesis, 27.

LEWIS, G., cattle of the West Indies, 21.

LHERBETTE and Quatrefages, on the horses of Circassia, 16, 21.

LICHENS, sterility in, 18.

LICHTENSTEIN, resemblance of Bosjesman’s dogs to _Canis mesomelas,_ 1;

—Newfoundland dog at the Cape of Good Hope, 1.

LIEBIG, differences in human blood, according to complexion, 23.

LIEBREICH, occurrence of pigmentary retinitis in deaf-mutes, 25.

LILACS, 18.

LILIACEÆ, contabescence in, 18.

_Lilium bulbiferum_ and _davuricum,_ 11.

_Lilium candidum,_ 17.

LIMBS, regeneration of, 27.

LIMBS and head, correlated variation of, 25.

LIME, effect of, upon shells of the mollusca, 23.

LIME-TREE, changes of, by age, 10, 11.

LIMITATION, sexual, 14.

LIMITATION, supposed, of variation, 28.

_Linaria,_ pelorism in, 13 (2), 14;

—peloric, crossed with the normal form, 14;

—sterility of, 18.

_Linaria vulgaris_ and _purpurea,_ hybrids of, 15.

LINDEMUTH, potato-grafting, 11.

LINDLEY, JOHN, classification of varieties of cabbages, 9;

—origin of the peach, 10;

—influence of soil on peaches and nectarines, 10;

—varieties of the peach and nectarine, 10;

—on the New Town pippin, 10;

—freedom of the Winter Majetin apple from coccus, 10;

—production of monœcious Hautbois strawberries by bud-selection,
10;

—origin of the large tawny nectarine, 11;

—bud-variation in the gooseberry, 11;

—hereditary disease in plants, 12;

—on double flowers, 18;

—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, 18;

—sterility of _Acorus calamus,_ 18;

—resistance of individual plants to cold, 24.

LINNÆUS, summer and winter wheat regarded as distinct species by, 9;

—on the single-leaved strawberry, 10;

—sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, 18;

—recognition of individual reindeer by the Laplanders, 22;

—growth of tobacco in Sweden, 24.

LINNET, 18.

_Linota cannabina,_ 18.

_Linum,_ 18.

LION, fertility of, in captivity, 18 (2).

LIPARI, feral rabbits of, 4.

LIVINGSTONE, Dr., striped young pigs on the Zambesi, 3;

—domestic rabbits at Loanda, 4;

—use of grass-seeds as food in Africa, 9;

—planting of fruit-trees by the Batokas, 9;

—character of half-castes, 13;

—taming of animals among the Barotse, 18;

—selection practised in South Africa, 20 (2).

LIVINGSTONE, Mr., disuse a cause of drooping ears, 24.

LIZARDS, reproduction of tail in, 24.

LLAMA, selection of, 20.

LLOYD, Mr., taming of the wolf, 1;

—English dogs in northern Europe, 1;

—fertility of the goose increased by domestication, 8;

—number of eggs laid by the wild goose, 16;

—breeding of the capercailzie in captivity, 18.

LOANDA, domestic rabbits at, 4.

_Loasa,_ hybrid of two species of, 15.

_Lobelia,_ reversion in hybrids of, 11;

—contabescence in, 18.

_Lobelia fulgens, cardinalis,_ and _syphilitica,_ 17.

LOCKHART, Dr., on Chinese pigeons, 6.

LOCUST-TREE, 23.

LOISELEUR-DESLONGCHAMPS, originals of cultivated plants, 9;

—Mongolian varieties of wheat, 9;

—characters of the ear in wheat, 9;

—acclimatisation of exotic wheat in Europe, 9;

—effect of change of climate on wheat, 9;

—on the supposed necessity of the coincident variation of weeds and
cultivated plants, 9;

—advantage of change of soil to plants, 18.

_Lolium temulentum,_ variable presence of barbs in, 9.

LONG-TAILED sheep, 3.

LOOCHOO Islands, horses of, 2.

LORD, J. K., on _Canis latrans,_ 1.

“LORI RAJAH,” how produced, 7.

_Lorius garrulus,_ 23.

“LOTAN” tumbler pigeon, 5.

LOUDON, J. W., varieties of the carrot, 9;

—short duration of varieties of peas, 9;

—on the glands of peach-leaves, 10;

—presence of bloom on Russian apples, 10;

—origin of varieties of the apple, 10;

—varieties of the gooseberry, 10;

—on the nut tree, 10;

—varieties of the ash, 10;

—fastigiate juniper (_J. suecica_), 10;

—on _Ilex aquifolium ferox,_ 10;

—varieties of the Scotch fir, 10 (2);

—varieties of the hawthorn, 10;

—variation in the persistency of leaves on the elm and Turkish oak,
10;

—importance of cultivated varieties, 10;

—varieties of _Rosa spinosissima,_ 10;

—variation of dahlias from the same seed, 10;

—production of Provence roses from seeds of the moss-rose, 11;

—effect of grafting the purple-leaved upon the common hazel, 11;

—intercrossing melons, 17;

—nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the elm, 24.

LOW, on the pigs of the Orkney Islands, 3.

LOW, Prof., pedigrees of greyhounds, 12;

—origin of the dog, 1;

—burrowing instinct of a half-bred dingo, 1;

—inheritance of qualities in horses, 2;

—comparative powers of English racehorses, Arabs, etc., 2;

—British breeds of cattle, 3;

—wild cattle of Chartley, 3;

—effect of abundance of food on the size of cattle, 3;

—effects of climate on the skin of cattle, 3, 25;

—on interbreeding, 17;

—selection in Hereford cattle, 20;

—formation of new breeds, 21;

—on “sheeted” cattle, 26.

LOWE, Mr., on hive bees, 8.

LOWE, Rev. Mr., on the range of _Pyrus malus_ and _P. acerba,_ 10.

LOWNE, Mr., monsters, 26;

—on gemmules, 27.

“LOWTUN” tumbler pigeon, 5.

_Loxia pyrrhula,_ 5.

LUBBOCK, Sir J., developments of the Ephemeridæ, 27.

LUCAS, P., effects of cross-breeding on the female, 11;

—hereditary diseases, 12, 14 (2);

—hereditary affections of the eye, 12 (2);

—inheritance of anomalies in the human eye and in that of the
horse, 12;

—inheritance of polydactylism, 12;

—morbid uniformity in the same family, 12;

—inheritance of mutilations, 12;

—persistency of cross-reversion, 13;

—persistency of character in breeds of animals in wild countries,
14;

—prepotency of transmission, 14 (2);

—supposed rules of transmission in crossing animals, 14;

—sexual limitations of transmission of peculiarities, 14 (2);

—absorption of the minority in crossed races, 15;

—crosses without blending of certain characters, 15;

—on interbreeding, 17;

—variability dependent on reproduction, 22;

—period of action of variability, 22;

—inheritance of deafness in cats, 25;

—complexion and constitution, 25.

LUCAZE-DUTHIERS, structure and growth of galls, 23.

LUCAE, Prof., on the masked pig, 3;

—on pigs, 24.

LUIZET, grafting of a peach-almond on a peach, 10.

LUTKE, cats of the Caroline Archipelago, 1.

LUXURIANCE, of vegetative organs, a cause of sterility in plants, 18 (2).

LYONNET, on the scission of _Nais,_ 27.

_Lysimachia nummularia,_ sterility of, 18.

_Lythrum,_ trimorphic species of, 27.

_Lythrum salicaria,_ 19;

—contabescence in, 18.

_Lytta vesicatoria,_ affecting the kidneys, 27.

_Macacus,_ species of, bred in captivity, 18.

MACAULAY, Lord, improvement of the English horse, 20.

M’CLELLAND, Dr., variability of fresh-water fishes in India, 22.

M’COY, Prof., on the dingo, 1.

MACFAYDEN, influence of soil in producing sweet or bitter oranges from the same seed, 10.

MACGILLIVRAY, domestication of the rock-dove, 6;

—feral pigeons in Scotland, 6;

—number of vertebræ in birds, 7;

—on wild geese, 8;

—number of eggs of wild and tame ducks, 16.

MACKENZIE, Sir G., peculiar variety of the potato, 9.

MACKENZIE, P., bud-variation in the currant, 11.

MACKINNON, Mr., horses of the Falkland Islands, 2;

—feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, 3.

MACKNIGHT, C., on interbreeding cattle, 17.

MACNAB, Mr., on seedling weeping birches, 12;

—non-production of the weeping beech by seed, 12.

MADAGASCAR, cats of, 1.

MADDEN, H., on interbreeding cattle, 17.

MADEIRA, rock pigeon of, 6.

_Magnolia grandiflora,_ 24.

MAGNUS, Herr, on potato-grafting, 11;

—on graft-hybrids, 11 (2).

MAIZE, its unity of origin, 9;

—antiquity of, 9;

—with husked grains said to grow wild, 9;

—variation of, 7;

—irregularities in the flowers of, 9;

—persistence of varieties, 9;

—adaptation of, to climate, 9, 24;

—acclimatisation of, 24, 26;

—crossing of, 11, 16 (2);

—extinct Peruvian varieties of, 28.

MALAY fowl, 7.

MALAY Archipelago, horses of, 2;

—short-tailed cats of, 1;

—striped young wild pigs of, 3;

—ducks of, 8.

MALE, influence of, on the fecundated female, 11;

—supposed influence of, on offspring, 14.

MALE flowers, appearance of, among female flowers in maize, 9.

MALFORMATIONS, hereditary, 14.

MALINGIÉ-NOUEL, on sheep, 3;

—cross-breeding sheep, 14;

—English sheep in France, 21.

MALM, eyes of flat fish, 13.

_Malva,_ fertilisation of, 11, 27.

_Mamestra suasa,_ 18.

MAMMÆ, variable in number in the pig, 3;

—rudimentary, occasional full development of, in cows, 3, 24;

—four present in some sheep, 3;

—variable in number in rabbits, 4;

—latent functions of, in male animals, 13, 24.

MANGLES, Mr., annual varieties of the heartsease, 24.

MANTEGAZZA, abnormal growth of spur of cock, 27;

—on Pangenesis, 27.

MANTELL, Mr., taming of birds by the New Zealanders, 18.

MANU, domestic fowl noticed in the Institutes of, 7.

MANURE, effect of, on the fertility of plants, 18.

MANX cats, 1, 14.

MARCEL DE SERRES, fertility of the ostrich, 18.

MARIANNE Islands, varieties of _Pandanus_ in, 22.

MARKHAM, GERVASE, on rabbits, 4, 20.

MARKHOR, probably one of the parents of the goat, 3.

MARQUAND, cattle of the Channel Islands, 3.

MARRIMPOEY, inheritance in the horse, 12.

MARROW, vegetable, 10.

MARRYATT, Capt., breeding of asses in Kentucky, 21.

MARSDEN, notice of _Gallus giganteus,_ 7.

MARSHALL, Dr. W., on _Gallus sonneratii,_ 7.

MARSHALL, Mr., voluntary selection of pasture by sheep, 3;

—adaptation of wheats to soil and climate, 9;

—“Dutch-buttocked” cattle, 12;

—segregation of herds of sheep, 16;

—advantage of change of soil to wheat and potatoes, 18;

—fashionable change in the horns of cattle, 20;

—sheep in Yorkshire, 21.

MARTENS, E. VON, on _Achatinella,_ 13.

MARTIN, W. C. L., origin of the dog, 1;

—Egyptian dogs, 1;

—barking of a Mackenzie River dog, 1;

—African hounds in the Tower menagerie, 3;

—on dun horses and dappled asses, 2;

—breeds of the horse, 2;

—wild horses, 2;

—Syrian breeds of asses, 2;

—asses without stripes, 2;

—effects of cross-breeding on the female in dogs, 11;

—striped legs of mules, 13.

MARTINS, defective instincts of silkworms, 8.

MARTIUS, C., fruit-trees of Stockholm, 24.

MASON, W., bud-variation in the ash, 11.

MASTERS, Dr., on bud-variation and reversion, 11;

—potato-grafting, 11;

—on pollen within ovules, 27;

—reversion in the spiral-leaved weeping willow, 11;

—on peloric flowers, 13;

—on _Opuntia,_ 23;

—pelorism in a clover, 26;

—position as a cause of pelorism, 26 (2).

MASTERS, Mr., persistence of varieties of peas, 9;

—reproduction of colour in hyacinths, 12;

—on hollyhocks, 16;

—selection of peas for seed, 20;

—on _Hibiscus syriacus,_ 23;

—reversion by the terminal pea in the pod, 26.

MASTIFF, sculptured on an Assyrian monument, 1, 28;

—Tibetan, 1, 23.

MATTHEWS, PATRICK, on forest trees, 21.

_Matthiola annua,_ 11 (2), 15.

_Matthiola incana,_ 11 (2).

MAUCHAMP merino sheep, 3.

MAUDUYT, crossing of wolves and dogs in the Pyrenees, 1.

MAUND, Mr., crossed varieties of wheat, 17.

MAUPERTUIS, axiom of “least action,” 1.

MAURITIUS, importation of goats into, 3.

MAW, G., effects of change of climate, 24;

—correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in pelargoniums, 25
(2).

MAWZ, fertility of _Brassica rapa,_ 18.

_Maxillaria,_ self-fertilised capsules of, 17.

_Maxillaria atro-rubens,_ fertilisation of, by _M. squalens,_ 17.

MAXIMOWICZ, direct action of pollen, 11.

MAYERS, on gold-fish in China, 8.

MAYES, M., self-impotence in _Amaryllis,_ 17.

MECKEL, on the number of digits, 12;

—correlation of abnormal muscles in the leg and arm, 25.

MEDUSÆ, development of, 27 (2).

MEEHAN, Mr., weeping peach, 12;

—effects of parasites, 23;

—comparison of European and American trees, 23.

_Meles taxus,_ 18.

MELONS, 10 (2);

—mongrel supposed to be produced from a twin-seed, 11;

—crossing of varieties of, 11, 16, 17;

—inferiority of, in Roman times, 20;

—changes in, by culture and climate, 23;

—serpent, correlation of variations in, 25;

—analogous variations in, 26.

MEMBRANES, false, 24 (2).

MÉNÉTRIES, on the stomach of _Strix grallaria,_ 24.

MENINGITIS, tubercular, inherited, 14.

MERRICK, potato-grafting, 11.

METAGENESIS, 27.

METAMORPHOSIS, 27.

METAMORPHOSIS and development, 27 (2).

METZGER, on the supposed species of wheat, 9 (2);

—tendency of wheat to vary, 9;

—variation of maize, 9 (2);

—cultivation of American maize in Europe, 9, 26;

—on cabbages, 9;

—acclimatisation of Spanish wheat in Germany, 12;

—advantage of change of soil to plants, 18;

—on rye, 22;

—cultivation of different kinds of wheat, 22.

MEXICO, dog from, with tan spots on the eyes, 1;

—colours of feral horses in, 2.

MEYEN, on seeding of bananas, 18.

MICE, grey and white, colours of, not blended by crossing, 15;

—rejection of bitter almonds by, 21;

—naked, 23.

MICHAUX, F., roan-coloured feral horses of Mexico, 2;

—origin of domestic turkey, 8;

—on raising peaches from seed, 10.

MICHEL, F., selection of horses in mediæval times, 20;

—horses preferred on account of slight characters, 20.

MICHELY, effects of food on caterpillars, 23;

—on _Bombyx hesperus,_ 25.

MICROPHTHALMIA, associated with defective teeth, 25.

MIDDENS, Danish, remains of dogs in, 1, 28.

MIGNONETTE, 21, 24.

MILLET, 10.

MILLS, J., diminished fertility of mares when first turned out to grass, 18.

MILNE-EDWARDS, on the development of the crustacea, 27.

MILNE-EDWARDS, A., on a crustacean with a monstrous eye-peduncle, 27.

_Milvus niger,_ 18.

_Mimulus luteus,_ 17.

MINOR, W. C., gemmation and fission in annelids, 27.

_Mirabilis,_ fertilisation of, 27;

—hybrids of, 17, 18, 22.

_Mirabilis jalapa,_ 11 (2).

_Mirabilis longiflora,_ 15.

_Mirabilis vulgaris,_ 15.

_Misocampus_ and _Cecidomyia,_ 1.

MITCHELL, Dr., effects of the poison of the rattlesnake, 23.

MITFORD, Mr., notice of the breeding of horses by Erichthonius, 20.

MIVART, Mr., rudimentary organs, 24.

MOCCAS Court, weeping oak at, 12.

MOGFORD, horses poisoned by fool’s parsley, 25.

MÖLLER, L., effects of food on insects, 23.

MOLE, white, 25.

MOLL and Gayot, on cattle, 3, 15, 20.

MOLLUSCA, change in shells of, 23.

MONKE, Lady, culture of the pansy by, 10.

MONKEYS, rarely fertile in captivity, 18.

MONNIER, identity of summer and winter wheat, 9.

MONSTERS, double, 26 (2).

MONSTROSITIES, occurrence of, in domesticated animals and cultivated plants, 10, 22;

—due to persistence of embryonic conditions, 13;

—occurring by reversion, 13;

—a cause of sterility, 18;

—caused by injury to the embryo, 22.

MOOR, J. H., deterioration of the horse in Malasia, 2.

MOORCROFT, Mr., on Hasora wheat, 9;

—selection of white-tailed yaks, 20;

—melon of Kaschmir, 23;

—varieties of the apricot cultivated in Ladakh, 10;

—varieties of the walnut cultivated in Kaschmir, 27.

MOORE, Mr., on breeds of pigeons, 5 (2), 6 (3);

—on ground tumblers, 6.

MOORUK, fertility of, in captivity, 18.

MOQUIN-TANDON, original form of maize, 9;

—variety of the double columbine, 10;

—peloric flowers, 13;

—position as a cause of pelorism in flowers, 26;

—tendency of peloric flowers to become irregular, 14;

—on monstrosities, 22;

—correlation in the axis and appendages of plants, 25;

—fusion of homologous parts in plants, 26;

—on a bean with monstrous stipules and abortive leaflets, 26;

—conversion of parts of flowers, 27.

MORLOT, dogs of the Danish Middens, 1;

—sheep and horse of the Bronze period, 28.

_Mormodes ignea,_ 13.

MOROCCO, estimation of pigeons in, 6.

MORREN, grafts of Abutilon, 11;

—on pelorism, 13;

—in _Calceolaria,_ 26;

—non-coincidence of double flowers and variegated leaves, 18.

MORRIS, Mr., breeding of the kestrel in captivity, 18.

MORSE, Dr., digits of birds, 25.

MORTON, Lord, effect of fecundation by a quagga on an Arab mare, 11.

MORTON, Dr., origin of the dog, 1.

_Morus alba,_ 10.

MOSCOW, rabbits of, 4 (2);

—effects of cold on pear-trees at, 24.

MOSSES, sterility in, 18;

—retrogressive metamorphosis in, 27.

MOSS-ROSE, probable origin of, from _Rosa centifolia,_ 11;

—Provence roses produced from seeds of, 11.

MOSTO, Cada, on the introduction of rabbits into Porto Santo, 4.

MOT-MOT, mutilation of feathers inherited, 12.

MOTTLING of fruits and flowers, 11.

MOUNTAIN-ASH, 21.

MOUSE, Barbary, 18.

“MÖVEN-TAUBE,” 5.

MOWBRAY, Mr., on the eggs of game fowls, 7;

—early pugnacity of game cocks, 7;

—diminished fecundity of the pheasant in captivity, 18.

MOWBRAY, Mr., reciprocal fecundation of _Passiflora alata_ and _racemosa,_ 17.

MULATTOS, character of, 13.

MULBERRY, 10, 22.

MULE and hinny, differences in the, 14.

MULES, striped colouring of, 13;

—obstinacy of, 13;

—production of, among the Romans, 16;

—noticed in the Bible, 20.

MÜLLER, FRITZ, reproduction of orchids, 17;

—development of crustacea, 27;

—direct action of pollen, 11;

—self-sterile bignonia, 17.

MÜLLER, H., on the face and teeth in dogs, 1, 3, 26.

MÜLLER, J., tendency to variation, 22;

—atrophy of the optic nerve consequent on destruction of the eye,
24;

—on gemmation and fission, 27;

—identity of ovules and buds, 27;

—special affinities of the tissues, 27.

MÜLLER, MAX, antiquity of agriculture, 21.

MULTIPLICITY of origin of pigeons, hypotheses of, discussed, 6.

MUNIZ, F., on Niata cattle, 3.

MUNRO, R., on the fertilisation of orchids, 17;

—reproduction of _Passiflora alata,_ 17;

—self-sterile Passiflora, 17.

“MURASSA” pigeon, 5.

MURIE, Dr., size of hybrids, 17.

MURPHY, J. J., the structure of the eye not producible by selection, 20.

_Mus alexandrinus,_ 15 (2).

_Musa sapientium, chinensis_ and _cavendishii,_ 11.

_Muscari comosum,_ 19, 24.

MUSCLES, effects of use on, 24.

MUSK duck, feral hybrid of, with the common duck, 6.

MUTILATIONS, inheritance or non-inheritance of, 12, 27 (2).

MYATT, on a five-leaved variety of the strawberry, 10.

MYOPIA, hereditary, 12.

MYRIAPODA, regeneration of lost parts in, 24, 27.

NAILS, growing on stumps of fingers, 27.

NAIS, scission of, 27.

NAMAQUAS, cattle of the, 3, 20.

NARCISSUS, double, becoming single in poor soil, 18.

NARVAEZ, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, 9.

_Nasua,_ sterility of, in captivity, 18.

“NATAS” or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, 3.

NATHUSIUS, H. VON, on striped horses, 2;

—on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, 3;

—on the races of pigs, 3;

—convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, 3, 21;

—causes of changes in the form of the pig’s skull, 3 (2);

—changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, 3;

—change of form in the pig, 23;

—effects of disuse of parts in the pig, 24;

—period of gestation in the pig, 3;

—appendages to the jaw in pigs, 3;

—on _Sus pliciceps,_ 3;

—period of gestation in sheep, 3;

—on Niata cattle, 3;

—on shorthorn cattle, 17;

—on interbreeding, 17;

—in the sheep, 17;

—in pigs, 17;

—unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, 20;

—variability of highly-selected races, 21.

NATO, P., on the Bizzarria orange, 11.

NATURAL selection, its general principles, Introduction.

NATURE, sense in which the term is employed, Introduction.

NAUDIN, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, 14;

—on the nature of hybrids, 13 (2);

—essences of the species in hybrids, 27 (2);

—reversion of hybrids, 13 (3);

—reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, 13;

—hybrids of _Linaria vulgaris_ and _purpurea,_ 15;

—pelorism in _Linaria,_ 13, 14;

—crossing of peloric _Linaria_ with the normal form, 14;

—variability in _Datura,_ 22;

—hybrids of _Datura laevis_ and _stramonium,_ 11;

—prepotency of transmission of _ Datura stramonium_ when crossed,
14;

—on the pollen of _Mirabilis_ and of hybrids, 11;

—fertilisation of _Mirabilis,_ 27;

—cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, 10 (2), 16;

—rudimentary tendrils in gourds, 24;

—dwarf _Cucurbitæ,_ 25;

—relation between the size and number of the fruit in _Cucurbita
pepo,_ 26;

—analogous variation in _ Cucurbitæ,_ 22;

—acclimatisation of Cucurbitaceæ, 24;

—production of fruit by sterile hybrid Cucurbitaceæ, 18;

—on the melon, 10, 16, 23;

—incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, 10.

NECTARINE, 10;

—derived from the peach, 10 (2);

—hybrids of, 10;

—persistency of characters in seedling, 10;

—origin of, 10;

—produced on peach-trees, 10 (2);

—producing peaches, 10;

—variation in, 10 (2);

—bud-variation in, 11;

—glands in the leaves of the, 21;

—analogous variation in, 26.

NECTARY, variations of, in pansies, 10.

NEES, on changes in the odour of plants, 23.

“NEGRO” cat, 1.

NEGROES, polydactylism in, 12;

—selection of cattle practised by, 20.

NEOLITHIC period, domestication of _Bos longifrons_ and _ primigenius_ in the, 3;

—cattle of the, distinct from the original species, 3;

—domestic goat in the, 3;

—cereals of the, 9.

NERVE, optic, atrophy of the, 24.

NEUBERT, potato-grafting, 11.

NEUMEISTER, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, 5;

—on the Jacobin pigeon, 5;

—duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, 5;

—on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, “Staarhalsige Taube,”
5;

—fertility of hybrid pigeons, 6;

—mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, 14;

—period of perfect plumage in pigeons, 14;

—advantage of crossing pigeons, 17.

NEURALGIA, hereditary, 14.

NEW ZEALAND, feral cats of, 1;

—cultivated plants of, 9.

NEWFOUNDLAND dog, modification of, in England, 1.

NEWMAN, E., sterility of Sphingidæ under certain conditions, 18.

NEWPORT, G., non-copulation of _Vanessæ_ in confinement, 18;

—fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, 27.

NEWT, polydactylism in the, 12.

NEWTON, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the Columbidæ, 5;

—production of a “black-shouldered” peahen among the ordinary kind,
8;

—on hybrid ducks, 18.

NGAMI, Lake, cattle of, 3.

“NIATA” cattle, 3;

—resemblance of, to _ Sivatherium,_ 3;

—prepotency of transmission of character by, 14.

“NICARD” rabbit, 4.

NICHOLSON, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, 1;

—on the sheep of Antigua, 3.

_Nicotiana,_ crossing of varieties and species of, 3;

—prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, 14;

—contabescence of female organs in, 18.

_Nicotiana glutinosa,_ 16.

NIEBUHR, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, 14.

NIGHT-BLINDNESS, non-reversion to, 13.

NILSSON, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, 1;

—parentage of European breeds of cattle, 3 (2);

—on _Bos frontosus_ in Scania, 3.

NIND, Mr., on the dingo, 1.

“NISUS formativus,” 24 (2), 26.

NITZSCH, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain Columbæ, 5.

NON-INHERITANCE, causes of, 12.

“NONNAIN” pigeon, 5.

NORDMANN, dogs of Awhasie, 1.

NORMANDY, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, 3.

NORWAY, striped ponies of, 2.

NOTT and Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, 1;

—mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, 1;

—on Egyptian dogs, 1;

—on the Hare Indian dog, 1.

_Notylia,_ 17.

NOURISHMENT, excess of, a cause of variability, 22.

NUMBER, importance of, in selection, 21.

_Numida ptilorhyncha,_ the original of the Guinea-fowl, 8.

NUN pigeon, 5;

—known to Aldrovandi, 6.

NUTMEG-TREE, 21.

OAK, weeping, 10, 12, 21;

—pyramidal, 10;

—Hessian, 10;

—late-leaved, 10;

—valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, 23;

—changes in, dependent on age, 11;

—galls of the, 23.

OATS, wild, 9;

—in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9.

OBERLIN, change of soil beneficial to the potato, 18.

ODART, Count, varieties of the vine, 10, 23;

—bud-variation in the vine, 11.

_Œcidium,_ 23.

_Œnothera biennis,_ bud-variation in, 11.

OGLE, Dr. J. W., inherited deficient phalanges, 12;

—resemblance of twins, 22 (2).

OIL-GLAND, absence of, in fantail pigeons, 5 (2).

OLDFIELD, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, 20.

OLEANDER, stock affected by grafting in the, 11.

OLLIER, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, 27.

_Oncidium,_ reproduction of, 17, 18.

ONIONS, crossing of, 15;

—white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, 21, 25.

_Ophrys apifera,_ self-fertilisation of, 15;

—formation of pollen by a petal in, 27.

_Opuntia leucotricha,_ 23.

ORANGE, 10;

—crossing of, 15;

—with the lemon, 11, 27;

—naturalisation of, in Italy, 24;

—variation of, in North Italy, 22;

—peculiar variety of, 25;

—bizzarria, 11;

—trifacial, 11.

ORCHIDS, reproduction of, 11 (2), 17.

ORFORD, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, 1.

ORGANISMS, origin of, Introduction.

ORGANISATION, advancement in, Introduction.

ORGANS, rudimentary and aborted, 24;

—multiplication of abnormal, 27.

ORIOLE, assumptions of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, 18.

ORKNEY Islands, pigs of, 3;

—pigeons of, 6.

ORTHOPTERA, regeneration of hind legs in the, 24.

_Orthosia munda,_ 18.

ORTON, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, 11;

—on the Manx cat, 14;

—on mongrels from the silk fowl, 14;

—infertility of geese in Quito, 18.

OSBORNE, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, 12.

OSPREY, preying on black fowls, 21.

OSTEN-SACKEN, Baron, on American oak-galls, 23.

OSTEOLOGICAL characters of pigs, 3 (4);

—of rabbits, 4;

—of pigeons, 5;

—of ducks, 8.

OSTRICH, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, 18.

OSTYAKS, selection of dogs by the, 20.

OTTER, 18.

“OTTER” sheep of Massachusetts, 3.

OUDE, feral humped cattle in, 3.

OUISTITI, breed in Europe, 18.

OVARY, variation of, in _Cucurbita moschata,_ 10;

—development of, independently of pollen, 11.

_Ovis montana,_ 3.

OVULES and buds, identity of nature of, 27.

OWEN, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, 1.

OWEN, Prof. R., palæontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, 1;

—on the skull of the “Niata” cattle, 3;

—on fossil remains of rabbits, 3;

—on the significance of the brain, 4;

—on metagenesis, 27;

—theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, 27.

OWL, eagle, breeding in captivity, 18.

OWL pigeon, 5;

—African, figured, 5;

—known in 1735, 6.

_Oxalis,_ trimorphic species of, 27.

_Oxalis rosea,_ 17.

OXLEY, Mr., on the nutmeg-tree, 21.

OYSTERS, differences in the shells of, 23.

PACA, sterility of the, in confinement, 4.

PACIFIC Islands, pigs of the, 3.

PADUA, earliest known flower-garden at, 20.

PADUAN fowl of Aldrovandi, 7.

_Pæonia moutan,_ 20.

PÆONY-TREE, ancient cultivation of, in China, 20.

PAGET, on the Hungarian sheep-dog, 1.

PAGET, Sir J., inheritance of cancer, 12;

—hereditary elongation of hairs in the eyebrow, 12;

—regrowth of extra digits, 12;

—circumcision, 12;

—period of inheritance of cancer, 14;

—on _Hydra,_ 24;

—on the healing of wounds, 24;

—on the reparation of bones, 24;

—growth of hair near inflamed surfaces or fractures, 24;

—on false membranes, 24;

—compensatory development of the kidney, 24;

—bronzed skin in disease of supra-renal capsules, 25;

—unity of growth and gemmation, 27;

—independence of the elements of the body, 27;

—affinity of the tissues for special organic substances, 27.

PALLAS, on the influence of domestication upon the sterility of intercrossed species, 1, 4, 6, 16;

—hypothesis that variability is wholly due to crossing, 4, 8, 22
(2);

—on the origin of the dog, 1;

—variation in dogs, 1;

—crossing of dog and jackal, 1;

—origin of domestic cats, 2;

—origin of Angora cat, 1;

—on wild horses, 2 (2);

—on Persian sheep, 3;

—on Siberian fat-tailed sheep, 23;

—on Chinese sheep, 24;

—on Crimean varieties of the vine, 10;

—on a grape with rudimentary seeds, 24;

—on feral musk-ducks, 13;

—sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, 18;

—selection of white-tailed yaks, 20.

PAMPAS, feral cattle on the, 3.

_Pandanus,_ 22.

PANGENESIS, hypothesis of, 27.

_Panicum,_ seeds of, used as food, 9;

—found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9.

PANSY, 10.

PAPPUS, abortion of the, in _Carthamus,_ 24.

_Paradoxurus,_ sterility of species of, in captivity, 18.

PARAGUAY, cats of, 1;

—cattle of, 3;

—horses of, 3;

—dogs of, 3;

—black-skinned domestic fowl of, 7.

PARALLEL variation, 26.

PARAMOS, woolly pigs of, 3.

PARASITES, liability to attacks of, dependent on colour, 21.

PARIAH dog, with crooked legs, 1;

—resembling the Indian wolf, 1.

PARISET, inheritance of handwriting, 13.

_Paritium tricuspis,_ bud-variation, 11.

PARKER, W. K., number of vertebræ in fowls, 7.

PARKINSON, Mr., varieties of the hyacinth, 10.

PARKYNS, MANSFIELD, on _Columba guinea,_ 6.

PARMENTIER, differences in the nidification of pigeons, 5;

—on white pigeons, 21.

PARROTS, general sterility of, in confinement, 18;

—alteration of plumage of, 23.

PARSNIP, reversion in, 13;

—influence of selection on, 20;

—experiments on, 23;

—wild, enlargement of roots of, by cultivation, 9.

PARTHENOGENESIS, 27 (2).

PARTRIDGE, sterility of, in captivity, 18.

PARTURITION, difficult, hereditary, 12.

_Parus major,_ 21.

_Passiflora,_ self-impotence in species of, 17 (2);

—contabescence of female organs in, 18.

_Passiflora alata,_ fertility of, when grafted, 19.

PASTRANA, Julia, peculiarities in the hair and teeth of, 25.

PASTURE and climate, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, 3 (2).

PATAGONIA, crania of pigs from, 3.

PATAGONIAN rabbit, 4.

PATERSON, R., on the Arrindy silk-moth, 24.

PAUL, W., on the hyacinth, 10 (2);

—varieties of pelargoniums, 11;

—weakness of transmission in hollyhocks, 14;

—improvement of pelargoniums, 20.

_Pavo cristatus_ and _muticus,_ hybrids of, 8.

_Pavo nigripennis,_ 8.

“PAVODOTTEN-TAUBE,” 5.

PEACH, 10;

—derived from the almond, 10;

—stones of, figured, 10;

—contrasted with almonds, 10;

—double-flowering, 10 (3);

—hybrids of, 10;

—persistency of races of, 10;

—trees producing nectarines, 10;

—variation in, 10 (2);

—bud-variation in, 11;

—pendulous, 12;

—variation by selection in, 20;

—peculiar disease of the, 21;

—glands on the leaves of the, 21;

—antiquity of the, 24;

—increased hardiness of the, 24;

—varieties of, adapted for forcing, 24;

—yellow-fleshed, liable to certain diseases, 25.

PEACH-ALMOND, 27.

PEAFOWL, origin of, 8;

—japanned or black-shouldered, 8;

—feral, in Jamaica, 6;

—comparative fertility of, in wild and tame states, 16, 22;

—white, 25.

PEARS, 10;

—bud-variation in, 11;

—reversion in seedling, 13;

—inferiority of, in Pliny’s time, 20;

—winter nelis, attacked by aphides, 21;

—soft-barked varieties of, attacked by wood-boring beetles, 21;

—origination of good varieties of, in woods, 22;

—Forelle, resistance of, to frost, 24.

PEAS, 9;

—origin of, 9;

—varieties of, 9;

—found in Swiss lake-dwellings, 9 (3);

—fruit and seeds figured, 9;

—persistency of varieties, 9;

—intercrossing of varieties, 9, 11;

—effect of crossing on the female organs in, 11;

—double-flowered, 18;

—maturity of, accelerated by selection, 20;

—varieties of, produced by selection, 20;

—thin-shelled, liable to the attacks of birds, 21;

—reversion of, by the terminal seed in the pod, 26.

PECCARY, breeding of the, in captivity, 18.

PEDIGREES of horses, cattle, greyhounds, game-cocks, and pigs, 12.

PEGU, cats of, 1;

—horses of, 2.

PELARGONIUMS, multiple origin of, 10;

—zones of, 10;

—bud-variation in, 11;

—variegation in, accompanied by dwarfing, 11;

—pelorism in, 18, 26;

—by reversion, 13;

—advantage of change of soil to, 18;

—improvement of, by selection, 20;

—scorching of, 21;

—numbers of, raised from seed, 21;

—effects of conditions of life on, 23;

—stove-variety of, 24;

—correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in, 25 (2).

_Pelargonium fulgidum,_ conditions of fertility in, 18.

“PELONES,” a Columbian breed of cattle, 3, 6.

PELORIC flowers, tendency of, to acquire the normal form, 14;

—fertility or sterility of, 18 (2).

PELORIC races of _Gloxinia speciosa_ and _Antirrhinum majus,_ 10.

PELORISM, 13, 26 (2).

PELVIS, characters of, in rabbits, 4;

—in pigeons, 5;

—in fowls, 7;

—in ducks, 8.

PEMBROKE cattle, 3.

PENDULOUS trees, 10, 26;

—uncertainty of transmission of, 12 (2).

PENGUIN ducks, 8 (2);

—hybrid of the, with the Egyptian goose, 8.

PENNANT, production of wolf-like curs at Fochabers, 1;

—on the Duke of Queensberry’s wild cattle, 3.

_Pennisetum,_ seeds of, used as food in the Punjab, 9.

_Pennisetum distichum,_ seeds of, used as food in Central Africa, 9.

PERCIVAL, Mr., on inheritance in horses, 12;

—on horn-like processes in horses, 2.

_Perdix rubra,_ occasional fertility of, in captivity, 18.

PERIOD of action of causes of variability, 22.

PERIOSTEUM of a dog, producing bone in a rabbit, 27.

PERIWINKLE, sterility of, in England, 19.

PERSIA, estimation of pigeons in, 6;

—carrier pigeon of, 5;

—tumbler pigeon of, 5;

—cats of, 1;

—sheep of, 3.

PERSISTENCE of colour in horses, 2;

—of generic peculiarities, 4.

PERU, antiquity of maize in, 9;

—peculiar potato from, 9;

—selection of wild animals practised by the Incas of, 20 (2).

“PERUCKEN-TAUBE,” 5.

PETALS, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, 24;

—producing pollen, 27.

PETUNIAS, multiple origin of, 10.

PEYRITSCH, Dr., vegetable teratology, 13.

“PFAUEN-TAUBE,” 5.

_Phalænopsis,_ pelorism in, 26.

PHALANGES, deficiency of, 14.

_Phaps chalcoptera,_ 26.

_Phaseolus multiflorus,_ 24, 25.

_Phaseolus vulgaris,_ 9, 24.

_Phasianus pictus,_ 7.

_Phasianus amherstiæ,_ 7.

PHEASANT, assumption of male plumage by the hen, 13;

—wildness of hybrids of, with the common fowl, 13;

—prepotency of the, over the fowl, 14;

—diminished fecundity of the, in captivity, 18.

PHEASANTS, golden and Lady Amherst’s, 7.

PHEASANT-FOWLS, 7.

PHILIPEAUX, regeneration of limbs in the salamander, 27.

PHILIPPAR, on the varieties of wheat, 9.

PHILIPPINE Islands, named breeds of game fowl in the, 7.

PHILLIPS, Mr., on bud-variation in the potato, 11.

_Phlox,_ bud-variation by suckers in, 11.

PHTHISIS, affection of the fingers in, 25.

PHYLLOXERA, 10.

PICKERING, Dr., on the grunting voice of humped cattle, 3;

—occurrence of the head of a fowl in an ancient Egyptian
procession, 7;

—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, 18;

—extinction of ancient Egyptian breeds of sheep and oxen, 28;

—on an ancient Peruvian gourd, 28.

PICOTEES, effect of conditions of life on, 23.

PICTET, A., oriental names of the pigeon, 6.

PICTET, Prof., origin of the dog, 1;

—on fossil oxen, 3.

PIEBALDS, probably due to reversion, 13.

PIÉTREMENT, M., on the ribs of horses, 2.

PIGEAUX, hybrids of the hare and rabbit, 18.

PIGEON à cravate, 5.

PIGEON bagadais, 5 (2).

PIGEON coquille, 5.

PIGEON cygne, 5.

PIGEON heurté, 5.

PIGEON pattu plongeur, 5.

PIGEON polonais, 5.

PIGEON romain, 5 (2).

PIGEON tambour, 5.

PIGEON turc, 5.

PIGEONS, origin of, 5 (2), 6;

—classified table of breeds of, 5;

—pouter, 5;

—carrier, 5;

—runt, 5;

—barbs, 5;

—fantail, 5;

—turbit and owl, 5;

—tumbler, 5;

—Indian frill-back, 5;

—Jacobin, 5;

—trumpeter, 5;

—other breeds of, 5;

—differences of, equal to generic, 5;

—individual variations of, 5;

—variability of peculiarities characteristic of breeds in, 5;

—sexual variability in, 5 (2);

—osteology of, 5;

—correlation of growth in, 5, 25;

—young of some varieties naked when hatched, 5, 25;

—effects of disuse in, 5;

—settling and roosting in trees, 6;

—floating in the Nile to drink, 6;

—dovecot, 6 (2);

—arguments for unity of origin of, 6;

—feral, in various places, 6, 13;

—unity of coloration in, 6;

—reversion of mongrel, to coloration of _C. livia,_ 6;

—history of the cultivation of, 6;

—history of the principal races of, 6;

—mode of production of races of, 6;

—reversion in, 13;

—by age, 13;

—produced by crossing in, 13 (2);

—prepotency of transmission of characters in breeds of, 14 (2);

—sexual differences in some varieties of, 14;

—period of perfect plumage in, 14;

—effect of segregation on, 15;

—preferent pairing of, within the same breed, 16;

—fertility of, increased by domestication, 16, 18;

—effects of interbreeding and necessity of crossing, 17;

—indifference of, to change of climate, 18;

—selection of, 16, 20 (2);

—among the Romans, 20;

—unconscious selection of, 20 (2);

—facility of selection of, 21;

—white, liable to the attacks of hawks, 21;

—effects of disuse of parts in, 24;

—fed upon meat, 24;

—effect of first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female,
11;

—homology of the leg and wing feathers in, 25;

—union of two outer toes in feather-legged, 25;

—correlation of beak, limbs, tongue, and nostrils, 25;

—analogous variation in, 26 (2);

—permanence of breeds of, 28.

PIGS, of Swiss lake-dwellings, 3;

—types of, derived from _Sus scrofa_ and _Sus indicus,_ 3;

—Japanese (_Sus pliciceps,_ Gray), figured, 3;

—of Pacific Islands, 3, 15;

—modifications of skull in, 3;

—length of intestines in, 3, 24;

—period of gestation of, 3;

—number of vertebræ and ribs in, 3;

—anomalous forms, 3 (2);

—development of tusks and bristles in, 3;

—striped young of, 3;

—reversion of feral, to wild type, 3 (2), 13 (2);

—production and changes of breeds of, by intercrossing, 3;

—effects produced by the first male upon the subsequent progeny of
the female, 11;

—pedigrees of, 12;

—polydactylism in, 12;

—cross-reversion in, 13;

—hybrid, wildness of, 13;

—disappearance of tusks in male under domestication, 14;

—solid-hoofed, 28;

—crosses of, 15 (2);

—mutual fertility of all varieties of, 16;

—increased fertility by domestication, 16;

—ill effects of close interbreeding in, 17 (2);

—influence of selection on, 20;

—prejudice against certain colours in, 20, 21, 25;

—unconscious selection of, 20;

—black Virginian, 21, 25;

—similarity of the best breeds of, 21;

—change of form in, 23;

—effects of disuse of parts in, 24;

—ears of, 24;

—correlations in, 25;

—white buck-wheat injurious to, 25;

—tail of, grafted upon the back, 27;

—extinction of the older races of, 28.

PIMENTA, 15.

PIMPERNEL, 19.

PINE-APPLE, sterility and variability of the, 22.

PINK, Chinese, 25.

PINKS, bud-variation in, 11;

—improvement of, 20.

_Pinus pumilio, mughus,_ and _nana,_ varieties of _P. sylvestris,_ 10.

_Pinus sylvestris,_ 10, 24;

—hybrids of, with _P. nigricans,_ 17.

PIORRY, on hereditary disease, 12, 14.

_Pistacia lentiscus,_ 23.

_Pistacia vera,_ 11.

PISTILS, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, 24.

PISTOR, sterility of some mongrel pigeons, 6;

—fertility of pigeons, 16.

_Pisum arvense_ and _sativum,_ 9.

PITYRIASIS versicolor, inheritance of, 14.

PLANCHON, G., on a fossil vine, 10;

—sterility of _Jussiæa grandiflora_ in France, 18.

PLANE-TREE, variety of the, 10.

PLANTIGRADE carnivora, general sterility of the, in captivity, 18.

PLANTS, progress of cultivation of, 9 (2);

—cultivated, their geographical derivation, 9;

—crossing of, 15, 17;

—comparative fertility of wild and cultivated, 16;

—self-impotent, 17;

—dimorphic and trimorphic, 17;

—sterility of, from changed conditions, 18;

—from contabescence of anthers, 18 (2);

—from monstrosities, 9 (2);

—from doubling of the flowers, 18 (2);

—from seedless fruit, 18;

—from excessive development of vegetative organs, 18;

—influence of selection on, 20;

—variation by selection, in useful parts of, 20;

—variability of, 21;

—variability of, induced by crossing, 22;

—direct action of change of climate on, 23;

—change of period of vegetation in, 24;

—varieties of, suitable to different climates, 24;

—correlated variability of, 25;

—antiquity of races of, 28.

PLASTICITY, inheritance of, 21.

PLATEAU, F., on the vision of amphibious animals, 20.

_Platessa flesus,_ , 13.

PLATO, notice of selection in breeding dogs by, 20.

PLICA polonica, 23.

PLINY, on the crossing of shepherd dogs with the wolf, 1;

—on Pyrrhus’ breed of cattle, 20;

—on the estimation of pigeons among the Romans, 6;

—pears described by, 20.

PLUM, 10;

—stones figured, 10;

—varieties of the, 10 (2), 20;

—bud-variation in the, 11;

—peculiar disease of the, 21;

—flower-buds of, destroyed by bullfinches, 21;

—purple-fruited, liable to certain diseases, 25.

PLUMAGE, inherited peculiarities of, in pigeons, 5 (2);

—sexual peculiarities of, in fowls, 7.

PLURALITY of races, Pouchet’s views on, 1.

_Poa,_ seeds of, used as food, 9;

—species of, propagated by bulblets, 18.

PODOLIAN cattle, 3.

POINTERS, modification of, 1;

—crossed with the foxhound, 3.

POIS sans parchemin, 21.

POITEAU, origin of _Cytisus adami,_ 11;

—origin of cultivated varieties of fruit-trees, 22.

POLISH fowl, 7 (6);

—skull figured, 7;

—section of skull figured, 7;

—development of protuberance of skull, 7;

—furculum figured, 7.

POLISH, or Himalayan rabbit, 4.

POLLEN, 27 (2);

—action of, 16;

—injurious action of, in some orchids, 17 (2);

—resistance of, to injurious treatment, 18;

—prepotency of, 19.

POLLOCK, Sir F., transmission of variegated leaves in _Ballota nigra,_ 11;

—on local tendency to variegation, 23.

POLYANTHUS, 12.

POLYDACTYLISM, inheritance of, 12;

—significance of, 12.

PONIES, most frequent on islands and mountains, 2;

—Javanese, 2.

POOLE, Col., on striped Indian horses, 2 (2);

—on the young of _Asinus indicus,_ 13.

POPLAR, Lombardy, 10.

PÖPPIG, on Cuban wild dogs, 1.

POPPY, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9 (2);

—with the stamens converted into pistils, 10;

—differences of the, in different parts of India, 18;

—monstrous, fertility of, 18;

—black-seeded, antiquity of, 28.

PORCUPINE, breeding of, in captivity, 18.

PORCUPINE family, 12, 14.

_Porphyrio,_ breeding of a species of, in captivity, 18.

PORTAL, on a peculiar hereditary affection of the eye, 12.

PORTO Santo, feral rabbits of, 4.

_Portulaca oleracea,_ 23.

_Potamochoerus penicillatus,_ 18.

POTATO, 9 (2);

—bud-variation by tubers in the, 11 (2);

—graft-hybrid of, by union of half-tubers, 11;

—individual self-impotence in the, 17;

—sterility of, 18;

—advantage of change of soil to the, 18.

POTATO, sweet, sterility of the, in China, 18;

—varieties of the, suited to different climates, 24.

POUCHET, M., his views on plurality of races, 1.

POUTER pigeons, 5;

—furculum figured, 5;

—history of, 6.

POWIS, Lord, experiments in crossing humped and English cattle, 3, 13.

POYNTER, Mr., on a graft-hybrid rose, 11.

PRAIRIE wolf, 1.

PRECOCITY of highly-improved breeds, 25.

PREPOTENCY of pollen, 19.

PREPOTENCY of transmission of character, 14, 19;

—in the Austrian emperors and some Roman families, 14;

—in cattle, 14 (2);

—in sheep, 14;

—in cats, 14;

—in pigeons, 14;

—in fowls, 14;

—in plants, 14;

—in a variety of the pumpkin, 10;

—in the jackal over the dog, 14;

—in the ass over the horse, 14;

—in the pheasant over the fowl, 14;

—in the penguin duck over the Egyptian goose, 14;

—discussion of the phenomena of, 14.

PRESCOTT, Mr., on the earliest known European flower-garden, 20.

PRESSURE, mechanical, a cause of modification, 26 (2).

PREVOST and Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, 27.

PREYER, Prof., on the effect of circumcision, 12.

PRICE, Mr., variations in the structure of the feet in horses, 2.

PRICHARD, Dr., on polydactylism in the negro, 12;

—on the Lambert family, 14;

—on an albino negro, 21;

—on Plica polonica, 23.

PRIMROSE, 28;

—double, rendered single by transplantation, 18.

_Primula,_ intercrossing of species of, 10;

—contabescence in, 18;

—‘hose in hose,’ 10;

—with coloured calyces, sterility of, 18.

_Primula sinensis,_ variations, 10;

—reciprocally dimorphic, 17.

_Primula veris,_ 12, 16.

_Primula vulgaris,_ 12, 16.

PRINCE, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, 27.

PRINGSHEIM, on conjugation, 27.

_Procyon,_ sterility of, in captivity, 18.

PROLIFICNESS, increased by domestication, 19.

PROTOZOA, reproduction of the, 27.

_Prunus armeniaca,_ 10 (2).

_Prunus avium,_ 10.

_Prunus cerasus,_ 10 (2).

_Prunus domestica,_ 10.

_Prunus insititia,_ 10.

_Prunus spinosa,_ 10.

PRUSSIA, wild horses in, 2.

_Psittacus erithacus,_ 18.

_Psittacus macoa,_ 18.

_Psophia,_ general sterility of, in captivity, 18.

PTARMIGAN fowls, 7.

_Pulex penetrans,_ 23.

PUMPKINS, 10.

PUNO ponies of the Cordillera, 2.

PUSEY, Mr., value of crossbred sheep, 17;

—preference of hares and rabbits for common rye, 21.

PUTSCHE and Vertuch, varieties of the potato, 9.

PUVIS, effects of foreign pollen on apples, 11;

—supposed non-variability of monotypic genera, 22.

_Pyrrhula vulgaris,_ 21;

—assumption of the hen-plumage by the male, in confinement, 18.

PYRRHUS, his breed of cattle, 20.

_Pyrus,_ fastigiate Chinese species of, 23.

_Pyrus acerba,_ 10.

_Pyrus aucuparia,_ 21.

_Pyrus communis,_ 10, 11.

_Pyrus malus,_ 10, 11.

_Pyrus paradisiaca,_ 10.

_Pyrus præcox,_ 10.

QUAGGA, previous impregnation by, 11.

QUATREFAGES, A. DE, on the burrowing of a bitch to litter, 1;

—selection in the silkworm, 8;

—development of the wings in the silk-moth, 8, 24;

—on varieties of the mulberry, 10;

—special raising of eggs of the silk-moth, 20;

—on disease of the silkworm, 21;

—on monstrosities in insects, 22, 27;

—on a change in the breeding season of the Egyptian goose, 24;

—fertilisation of the _Teredo,_ 27;

—tendency to similarity in the best races, 21;

—on his “_tourbillon vital,_” 13;

—on the independent existence of the sexual elements, 27.

_Quercus cerris,_ 10.

_Quercus robur_ and _pedunculata,_ hybrids of, 17.

QUINCE, pears grafted on the, 22.

RABBITS, domestic, their origin, 4;

—of Mount Sinai and Algeria, 4;

—breeds of, 4;

—Himalayan, Chinese, Polish, or Russian, 4, 15;

—feral, 4;

—of Jamaica, 4;

—of the Falkland Islands, 4;

—of Porto Santo, 4, 16, 23;

—osteological characters of, 4;

—discussion of modifications in, 4, 5;

—one-eared, transmission of peculiarity of, 12;

—reversion in feral, 13;

—in the Himalayan, 13;

—crossing of white and coloured Angora, 15;

—comparative fertility of wild and tame, 16;

—falsified experiments in interbreeding of, 17;

—high-bred, often bad breeders, 17;

—selection of, 20;

—white, liable to destruction, 21;

—effects of disuse of parts in, 24;

—skull of, affected by drooping ears, 24;

—length of intestines in, 24;

—correlation of ears and skull in, 25 (2);

—variations in skull of, 26;

—periosteum of a dog producing bone in, 27.

RACEHORSE, origin of, 2.

RACES, modification and formation of, by crossing, 3;

—natural and artificial, 21;

—Pouchet’s views on plurality of, Introduction;

—of pigeons, 6.

RADCLYFFE, W. F., effect of climate and soil on strawberries, 10;

—constitutional differences in roses, 10.

RADISHES, 9;

—crossing of, 15;

—varieties of, 21.

RADLKOFER, retrogressive metamorphosis in mosses and algæ, 27.

RAFARIN, M., bud-variation and reversion, 11.

RAFFLES, Sir STAMFORD, on the crossing of Javanese cattle with _ Bos sondaicus,_ 20.

RAM, goat-like, from the Cape of Good Hope, 14.

RAMU, M., on appendages to throat of goat, 3.

RANCHIN, heredity of diseases, 12.

RANGE of gallinaceous birds on the Himalaya, 7.

RANKE, on the effects of use and disuse of organs, 24.

_Ranunculus ficaria,_ 18.

_Ranunculus repens,_ 18.

RAPE, 9.

_Raphanus caudatus,_ 9.

_Raphanus raphanistrum,_ 9.

_Raphanus sativus,_ 26.

RASPBERRY, yellow-fruited, 21.

RATTLESNAKE, experiments with poison of the, 23.

RAVEN, stomach of, affected by vegetable diet, 24.

RAWSON, A., self-impotence in hybrids of _Gladiolus,_ 17 (2).

RÉ, COMTE, on the assumption of a yellow colour by all varieties of maize, 9.

RÉAUMUR, effect of confinement upon the cock, 13;

—fertility of fowls in most climates, 18.

REED, Mr., atrophy of the limbs of rabbits, consequent on the destruction of their nerves, 24.

REGENERATION of amputated parts in man, 12;

—in the human embryo, 27;

—in the lower vertebrata, insects, and myriapoda, 27.

RE-GROWTH of amputated joints, 27.

REGNIER, early cultivation of the cabbage by the Celts, 9;

—selection practised by the Celts, 20.

REINDEER, individuals recognised by the Laplanders, 22.

REISSEK, experiments in crossing _Cytisus purpureus_ and _ laburnum,_ 11;

—modification of a _Thesium_ by _Œcidium,_ 23.

RELATIONS, characters of reproduced in children, 13.

RENGGER, occurrence of jaguars with crooked legs in Paraguay, 1;

—naked dogs of Paraguay, 1 (2), 15, 16;

—feral dogs of La Plata, 1;

—on the aguara, 1;

—cats of Paraguay, 1, 15, 18;

—dogs of Paraguay, 15;

—feral pigs of Buenos Ayres, 3;

—on the refusal of wild animals to breed in captivity, 18;

—on _Dicotyles labiatus,_ 18;

—sterility of plantigrade carnivora in captivity, 18;

—on _Cavia aperea,_ 18;

—sterility of _Cebus azarae_ in captivity, 18;

—abortions produced by wild animals in captivity, 18.

REPRODUCTION, sexual and asexual, contrasted, 27;

—unity of forms of, 27;

—antagonism of, to growth, 27.

_Reseda odorata,_ self-sterility of, 17, 21.

RETINITIS, pigmentary, in deaf-mutes, 25.

REUTER, Herr, potato-grafting, 11.

REVERSION, 13 (2), 27 (4);

—in pigeons, 13;

—in cattle, 13;

—in sheep, 13;

—in fowls, 13;

—in the heartsease, 13;

—in vegetables, 13;

—in feral animals and plants, 13;

—to characters derived from a previous cross in man, dogs, pigeons,
pigs, and fowls, 13;

—in hybrids, 13;

—by bud-propagation in plants, 13;

—by age in fowls, cattle, etc., 13 (2);

—partial, from an injury, 13;

—caused by crossing, 13;

—explained by latent characters, 13;

—producing monstrosities, 13;

—producing peloric flowers, 13;

—of feral pigs to the wild type, 3 (2);

—of supposed feral rabbits to the wild type, 4 (3);

—of pigeons, in coloration, when crossed, 6;

—in fowls, 7;

—in the silkworm, 8;

—in the pansy, 10;

—in a pelargonium, 11;

—in Chrysanthemums, 11;

—of varieties of the China rose in St. Domingo, 11;

—by buds in pinks and carnations, 11;

—of laciniated varieties of trees to the normal form, 11;

—in variegated leaves of plants, 11;

—in tulips, 11;

—of suckers of the seedless barberry to the common form, 11;

—by buds in hybrids of _ Tropæolum,_ 11;

—in plants, 11;

—of crossed peloric snapdragons, 14;

—analogous variations due to, 26.

RHINOCEROS, breeding in captivity in India, 18.

_Rhododendron,_ hybrid, 22.

_Rhododendron ciliatum,_ 23.

_Rhododendron dalhousiæ,_ effect of pollen of _R. nuttallii_ upon, 11.

_Ribes grossularia,_ 10 (2).

_Ribes rubrum,_ 11.

RIBS, number and characters of, in fowls, 7;

—characters of, in ducks, 8 (2).

RICE, imperial, of China, 20;

—Indian varieties of, 22;

—variety of, not requiring water, 24.

RICHARDSON, H. D., on jaw-appendages in Irish pigs, 3;

—management of pigs in China, 3;

—occurrence of striped young in Westphalian pigs, 3;

—on crossing pigs, 15;

—on interbreeding pigs, 17;

—on selection in pigs, 20.

RICHARDSON, Sir John, observations on the resemblance between North American dogs and wolves, 1 (2);

—on the burrowing of wolves, 1;

—on the broad feet of dogs, wolves, and foxes in North America, 1;

—on North American horses scraping away the snow, 2.

_Ricinus,_ annual in England, 24.

RIEDEL, Dr., on the “Bagadotte” pigeon, 5;

—on the Jacobin pigeon, 5;

—fertility of hybrid pigeons, 6;

—circumcision, 12.

RILEY, on Phylloxera, 10.

RINDERPEST, 27.

RINTOUL, Mr., potato-grafting, 11.

RISSO, on varieties of the orange, 10, 24, 25.

RIVERS, Lord, on the selection of greyhounds, 21.

RIVERS, Mr., persistency of characters in seedling potatoes, 9;

—on the peach, 10 (2);

—persistency of races in the peach and nectarine, 10 (2);

—connection between the peach and the nectarine, 10;

—persistency of character in seedling apricots, 10;

—origin of the plum, 10;

—seedling varieties of the plum, 10;

—persistency of character in seedling plums, 10;

—bud-variation in the plum, 11;

—plum attacked by bullfinches, 21;

—seedling apples with surface-roots, 10;

—variety of the apple found in a wood, 22;

—on roses, 10 (2);

—bud-variation in roses, 11;

—production of Provence roses from seeds of the moss-rose, 11;

—effect produced by grafting on the stock in jessamine, 11;

—in the ash, 11;

—on grafted hazels, 11;

—hybridisation of a weeping thorn, 12;

—experiments with the seed of the weeping elm and ash, 12;

—variety of the cherry with curled petals, 21.

RIVIÈRE, reproduction of _Oncidium cavendishianum,_ 17.

ROBERTS, Mr., on inheritance in the horse, 12.

ROBERTSON, Mr., on glandular-leaved peaches, 10.

ROBINET, on the silkworm, 8, 20.

_Robinia,_ 23.

ROBSON, Mr., deficiencies of half-bred horses, 12.

ROBSON, Mr., on the advantage of change of soil to plants, 18 (2);

—on the growth of the verbena, 23;

—on broccoli, 24.

ROCK pigeon, measurements of the, 5;

—figured, 5.

RODENTS, sterility of, in captivity, 18.

_Rodriguezia,_ 17 (2).

RODWELL, J., poisoning of horses by mildewed tares, 25.

ROHILCUND, feral humped cattle in, 3.

ROLLE, F., on the history of the peach, 24.

ROLLER-PIGEONS, Dutch, 5.

ROLLESTON, Prof., inherited effects of injuries, 12;

—incisor teeth affected in form in cases of pulmonary tubercle, 25.

ROMANES on sternum of the fowl, 7;

—rudimentary organs, 24.

ROMANS, estimation of pigeons by, 6;

—breeds of fowls possessed by, 7 (2).

ROOKS, pied, 14.

_Rosa,_ cultivated species of, 10.

_Rosa devoniensis,_ graft-hybrid produced by, on the white Banksian rose, 11.

_Rosa indica_ and _centifolia,_ fertile hybrids of, 10.

_Rosa spinosissima,_ history of the culture of, 10.

ROSELLINI, on Egyptian dogs, 1.

ROSES, 10 (2);

—origin of, 10;

—bud-variation in, 11;

—Scotch, doubled by selection, 20;

—continuous variation of, 21;

—effect of seasonal conditions on, 23;

—noisette, 20;

—galls of, 23.

ROSS, Dr., on Pangenesis, 27 (2).

ROUENNAIS, rabbit, 4.

ROUJOU, polydactylism, and arrested development, 12.

ROULIN, on the dogs of Juan Fernandez, 1;

—on South American cats, 1;

—striped young pigs, 3;

—feral pigs in South America, 3, 13;

—on Columbian cattle, 3, 20, 21;

—effects of heat on the hides of cattle in South America, 3;

—fleece of sheep in the hot valleys of the Cordilleras, 3;

—diminished fertility of these sheep, 18;

—on black-boned South American fowls, 7;