Chapter I: Front Matter

The Tinguian Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe

By Fay-Cooper Cole Assistant Curator of Malayan Ethnology

1922

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations
Introduction
I. Geographical Relations and History
II. Physical Type and Relationships
III. The Cycle of Life

Birth
Childhood
Engagement and Marriage
Death and Burial
The Layog

IV. Religion and Magic
V. The Ceremonies

1. The Minor Ceremonies
2. The Great Ceremonies
3. Special Ceremonies

VI. Social Organization. Government. The Village VII. Warfare, Hunting, and Fishing VIII. Economic Life

Rice Culture
Cultivated Plants and Trees
Wild Plants and Trees
Plants and Trees Used in the Treatment of Disease
Use of Betel-Nut, Tobacco, and Stimulants
Domestic Animals

IX. Products of Industry

Iron-Working
Spinning and Weaving
Manufacture of Rope and String
Bark Cloth
Basket Making
Mats
Dyes
Net Making
Manufacture of Pottery
Pipe Making
Method of Drying Hides

X. Decorative Art
XI. Personal Adornment, Dances, and Musical Instruments
XII. Music, By Albert Gale
Conclusions

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Text-Figures

1. Child's Cradle and Jumper 2. Diagram of a Game 3. Cross Sections Showing Types of Graves 4. Ceremonial Paraphernalia 5. Household Objects 6. Spoons and Ladles 7. Types of Knives 8. Head-axes 9. Spears 10. Shields 11. Chicken Snare 12. Bird Snares 13. Fishing Devices 14. Grass Knife; Root Adze; Rice Cutter 15. Agricultural Implements 16. Devices Used in Spinning and Weaving 17. Rope-Making Appliances 18. Bark Beater 19. Basket Weaves 20. Net Needle and Mesh Stick 21. Tobacco-Pipes 22. Designs on Pipes and Pottery 23. Decorative Designs 24. Patterns Used in Weaving 25. Blanket Designs 26. Musical Instruments

PLATES

Frontispiece: Map of Northwestern Luzon. I. The Province of Abra, Looking Inland from the Coast Range. II. Abra, Looking toward the Sea from the Top of the Cordillera Central. III. Manabo Man. IV. Man of Ba-ak. V. Manabo Woman. VI. Woman of Patok. VII. A Mountain Tinguian from Likuan. VIII. A Young Man from Likuan. IX. Girl from the Mountain Village of Lamaw (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). X. A Woman from Lamaw (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). XI. A Typical Small Boy (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). XII. The Baby Tender. XIII. A Betrothed Maiden. XIV. The Wedding. XV. Mothers and Babies. XVI. Funeral of Malakay. XVII. The Whipping at a Funeral. XVIII. Inapapaiag. An Offering to the Spirits. XIX. The Medium's Outfit. XX. Ceremonial Houses. XXI. Balaua. The Greatest of the Spirit Structures. XXII. Spirit Houses in a Garden. XXIII. The Kalangan: A Spirit House; Second in Importance. XXIV. The Saloko. A Split Bamboo, in which Offerings are Placed. Ceremonies. XXV. The Saloko. A Spirit Bamboo, in which Offerings are Placed. XXVI. Ready to Launch the Spirit Raft on the River. XXVII. The Tangpap. An Important Spirit Structure. XXVIII. Gateway at Likuan. XXIX. Pottery Houses, for the Spirit of the Rice. XXX. A Medium Making an Offering to the Guardian Stones. XXXI. Ceremonial Pounding of the Rice. XXXII. Renewing the Offering on the Spirit Shield. XXXIII. Singeing a Pig at a Ceremony. XXXIV. Offering of the Pigs to the Spirits. XXXV. The Sayang Ceremony. XXXVI. Potters at Work. XXXVII. A Family of Laba-an. XXXVIII. The Village of Sallapadin. XXXIX. Typical Houses. XL. House Building. XLI. Roofing a House. XLII. Water Carriers (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). XLIII. A Tinguian Housewife (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). XLIV. A Warrior. XLV. Hunter Fitted for the Trail. XLVI. Hunting Party on Mt. Posoey. XLVII. Shooting the Blowgun. XLVIII. Highland Field and Terraces at Patok. XLIX. The Rice Terraces near Likuan. L. Plowing in the Lower Terraces. LI. Taking Rice Sprouts from the Seed Beds. LII. Transplanting the Rice. LIII. Bird Scarers in the Fields. LIV. Harvesting the Rice. LV. The Rice Granary. LVI. Pounding Rice (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). LVII. Winnowing and Sifting (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). LVIII. Drying Corn. LIX. Breaking the Corn between Two Stones. LX. Preparing Tobacco. LXI. Feeding the Pigs. LXII. A Typical Forge of the Iron Workers. LXIII. Ginning Cotton and Sizing the Thread. LXIV. Beating Cotton on a Carabao Hide. LXV. Spinning (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). LXVI. Weaving a Blanket. LXVII. Basket Making. LXVIII. Basket Types. LXIX. Basket Types. LXX. The Net Maker. LXXI. Ceremonial Blanket. LXXII. Blankets Showing Designs. LXXIII. Blankets Showing Designs. LXXIV. Woven Belts and Clouts. LXXV. Men of Sallapadin. LXXVI. Typical Dress of the Man. LXXVII. Women in Full Dress. LXXVIII. Customary Dress of the Woman. LXXIX. Women's Arm Beads. LXXX. Woman Wearing Girdle and Clout (Photograph from Philippine Bureau of Science). LXXXI, 1. Dancing Tadek at a Ceremony. LXXXI, 2. Beating the Copper Gongs. LXXXII. The Nose Flute. LXXXIII. Playing on Bamboo Guitars.

THE TINGUIAN