Chapter XX (2)

Chat Moss, surveying on, 252, 264;
railway constructed on, 283-288.

Chester and Birkenhead Railway, 402;
and Holyhead Railway, 438.

Chesterfield, town of, 395, 471.

Clanny, Dr., his safety-lamp, 179, 196.

Clark, Edwin, R. Stephenson's assistant, 448.

Claycross Colliery, 394, 420.

Coach, first railway, 240.

Coal, working of, 100, 101;
supply of, to London, _Pref._, xxv.;
haulage of, 153, 161;
supply of, by railways, 386, 392.

Coal Railways, G. Stephenson on, 393.

Cochrane, Lord, and Peruvian revolution, 89.

Coe, William, 116, 117, 121, 125.

Coffin, Sir Isaac, on railways, 280.

Collieries, G. Stephenson's, at Snibston, 344;
at Claycross, 392.

Colombia, R. Stephenson's residence in, 301-308.

Companies, joint-stock railway, 339, 404.

Contractors and railways, 353, 360, 361, 493.

Conversation, G. Stephenson's love of, 463, 491.

Conway, tubular bridge at, 450, 451.

Cooper, Sir A., R. Stephenson's interview with, 350.

Cornish engineers, early, 75, 76.

Correspondence, G. Stephenson's, 297, 379, 380.

Crib-work, Victoria Bridge, 479, 480.

Cropper, Isaac, Liverpool, 293, 313, 325.

"Crowdie night," a, 465.

Croydon and Merstham Railroad, 74, 216.

Cubitt, W., evidence of, on Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 272.

Cugnot, N., his road locomotive, 60.

Curr, John, his cast-iron tram-way, 50.

Cuttings--
Olive Mount, 291;
Tring, 354;
Blisworth, 355;
Ambergate, 372;
Oakenshaw, 372.

Darlington, railway projected at, 218.

Darwin, Erasmus, his fiery chariot, 53-59.

Davy, Sir H., on Trevithick's steam-carriage, 79;
his paper on fire-damp, 179;
his safety-lamp, 189;
testimonial to, 191;
his lamp compared with Stephenson's, 195.

Denman, Lord, 463.

Derby, Earl of, and Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 252, 258, 280.

Dewley Burn Colliery, 107-111.

Direct lines, rage for, 408.

Dixon, John, assists in survey of Stockton and Darlington
Railway, 219, 236;
resident engineer Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 283.

Dodds, Ralph, Killingworth, 132, 139.

Dutton Viaduct, 366.

East Coast route to Scotland, 426.

Edgeworth, R. L., early speculations on railways, 56, 57.

Eggs, brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xxii.

Egypt, R. Stephenson's tubular bridges in, 475;
Suez Canal, 484, 485.

Electric telegraphing on railways, _Pref._, xiii.

Emerson, G. Stephenson's meeting with, 469, 470.

Ericsson's "Novelty," 322-324.

Evans, Oliver, his steam-carriage, 71, 72;
his boiler, 77.

Explosions from fire-damp, 175.

Fairbairn, William, C.E., early friendship with
G. Stephenson, 124, 125;
experiments on iron tubes for R. Stephenson, 446.

Fire-damp, explosions of, 175.

Fish brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xxi.

Fitch, John, American engineer, 71.

Food brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xix.

Forth-Street Works, Newcastle, 232, 396.

Foster, Jonathan, Wylam, 158.

Foundations--of bridge on the Derwent, 372;
of High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, 434;
of Victoria Bridge, Montreal, 479.

Free Trade, G. Stephenson's notions of, 494, 495.

Friction, G. Stephenson's early experiments in, 202;
and gradients, 400.

Frolic, G. Stephenson's love of, 135, 375, 465.

Gauge of railways, 234, 424.

"Geordy" safety-lamp, 175-195.

Gilbert, Davies, and Trevithick, 79, 82, 83.

Giles, Francis, C.E., his evidence against Liverpool and Manchester
Railway Bill, 273, 275, 289.

Gooch, Thomas, C.E., 277, 295, 328, 330.

Government and railways, 337, 338.

Gradients and friction, 202, 400.

Grand Allies, Killingworth, 135.

Grand Junction Railway, 341, 365.

Grand Trunk Railway, Canada, 476.

Gray, Thomas, and the locomotive, 156, 311.

Great Western Railway, 340, 342, 424.

Greenwich Railway opened as a "show," _Pref._, xv.

Gurney, Goldsworthy, 171, 317.

Hackworth, T., and the steam-blast, 174;
his locomotive "Sanspareil," 322, 324, 325, 326.

Half-lap joint, G. Stephenson's, 200.

Harrison, Mr., counsel against Liverpool and Manchester Bill, 265,
272, 276.

Harvey, Mr., engineer, Hayle, 76.

Hedley, William, Wylam, 159, 160, 171.

Henderson, Fanny, G. Stephenson's first wife, 118, 123, 125, 127.

Heppel, Kit, Killingworth, 132, 135.

Hetton Railway constructed by G. Stephenson, 208.

High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, 433.

Hindmarsh, Miss, G. Stephenson's second wife, 214.

Hodgkinson, Professor, his calculations as to strength of iron
tubes, 447.

Holyhead, railway to, 438.

Hornblower, Jonathan, 75, 76.

Horticulture, G. Stephenson's experiments in, 460, 461.

Horse traction on railways, 48, 57, 74, 153, 166, 234, 240.

Howick, Lord, his support of atmospheric railways, 427;
G. Stephenson's interview with, 428, 429.

Hudson, George, the "Railway King," 407, 411.

Huskisson, Mr., an early advocate of railways, 278, 280;
fatal accident to, 331.

Hydraulic press used to lift the tubes at the Britannia Bridge, 456.

Ice-flood at Montreal, 481, 482.

Inclined planes, self-acting, 149, 150, 162.

India, railways in, _Pref._, iv.

Iron bridge building, progress in, 432, 443.

Italian railways, _Pref._, iv.

James, William, surveys Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 248;
visit to Killingworth, 250;
arrangement with Stephenson and Losh, 251;
compelled to relinquish the survey, 253, 254.

James, W. H., his tubular boiler, 317.

Jameson, Professor, Edinburg, 213.

Jessop, William, his cast-iron edge-rail, 51.

Joy, Mr., counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Bill, 265, 268.

Keelmen of the Tyne, 101, 102.

Kent, opposition to railways in, 342.

Killingworth, 126, 129;
High Pit, 131;
locomotive, 168;
underground machinery, 198;
visited by Edward Pease, 230;
W. James, 250;
promoters of Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 257.

Kilmarnock and Troon tram-road, 206.

Kilsby Tunnel, 342, 357-361, 363.

Lambton, Mr. (Earl of Durham), 225.

Lamp, invention of the safety, 175.

Land-slip at Ambergate, 372.

Landlords and railways, 223, 252, 341, 352, 469.

Lardner, Dr., on undulating lines, 400.

Leicester and Swannington Railway, 343.

Leopold, King, G. Stephenson's interviews with, 382, 383, 416.

Lime-works at Ambergate, 394, 395.

Littleborough Tunnel, 368.

Liverpool and Manchester Railway projected, 247;
survey by W. James, 249;
George Stephenson appointed engineer, 254;
virulent opposition, 259, 260;
the bill in committee, 265;
rejected, 277;
renewed application, 278;
the bill passed, 280;
the railway constructed, 281;
discussion as to the power to be employed to work the line, 311;
prize offered for the best locomotive, 314;
the competition at Rainhill, 322;
triumph of the "Rocket," 326;
public opening of the railway, 330;
its success, 332.

Locke, Joseph, C.E., resident engineer on Liverpool and Manchester
Railway, 283.

Locomotive engine gradually perfected, 47;
Sir I. Newton's idea, 53;
Darwin's, 53-59;
Cugnot's, 60-63;
James Watt's, 60, 64;
William Murdock's model locomotive, 66;
William Symington's model, 68-70;
Oliver Evans's 71;
Richard Trevithick's steam-carriage and first locomotive, 77-82;
Blenkinsop's Leeds locomotive, 155;
Blackett's Wylam locomotive, 157-161;
Stephenson's Killingworth locomotive, 164-170;
farther improvements by Stephenson, 201, 202;
locomotives constructed for Stockton and Darlington Railway, 235;
the "Rocket," 319;
farther improvements in locomotives, 335;
number of locomotives in the United Kingdom, _Pref._, ix., x.;
self-feeding apparatus of, _ib._, xiv.

Locomotive workshops at Newcastle, the Stephensons', 232, 396.

London and Birmingham Railway, 349-364.

London, railways in, opening or the Greenwich line, _Pref._, xv.;
magnitude of suburban traffic, _ib._, xvi.;
new lines opened, _ib._, xvi.;
population increased by, _ib._, xviii.;
provisioning of London, _ib._, xix.;
coal supply of, _ib._, xxv.

Losh, Mr. Stephenson's partner, 201, 233.

Lough's statue of G. Stephenson, 472.

Mackworth, Sir H., his sailing-wagon, 52.

Mail service by railway, _Pref._, xxvi.

Manchester, railways projected in connection with, 340;
and Leeds Railway, 366.

Mania, the railway, 405, 406.

Maps--
of Newcastle district, 98;
Stockton and Darlington Railway, 224;
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 250-251;
Leicester and Swannington Railway, 343;
London and Birmingham Railway, 354;
Midland Railway, 370;
Straits of Menai, 442.

Mechanics' Institutes, G. Stephenson at meetings of, 397.

Menai, bridge over Straits of, 439.

Merchandise, traffic of London, _Pref._, xxvi.

Merstham tram-road, 74, 217.

Merthyr tram-road, 73;
Trevithick's locomotive tried on, 80.

Middlesborough-on-Tees, growth of, 245.

Midland Railway, 370.

Milk brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xxiv.

Miller, Mr., Dalswinton, and steam navigation, 70.

Montreal, Victoria Bridge at, 476.

Moore, Francis, his patent for steam-carriages, 63.

Morecambe Bay, G. Stephenson's proposed line across, 376.

Moss, Chat (see _Chat Moss_).

Multitubular boiler, invention of the, 318.

Murdock, William, his model locomotive, 66;
Watt discourages his application to the subject, 67, 77.

Murray, Matthew, and the Leeds locomotive, 155.

Nasmyth's steam-hammer first applied to pile-driving, 434.

Navvies, Railway, 362.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, early history, 97;
Literary and Philosophical Institute, 142, 185, 189, 209, 494;
Mechanics' Institute, 397;
High-Level Bridge, 431.

Newcastle and Berwick Railway, 426.

Newcomen's atmospheric engine, 100.

Neville's tubular boiler, 317, 318.

Newton, Sir I., his idea of steam locomotion, 53.

Nicholson's steam-jet, 82, 171.

Nile, R. Stephenson's tubular bridges over the, 475.

North Midland Railway, 370, 373, 374.

North, Roger, description of early tram-roads, 49.

Northampton, opposition of, to railways, 342.

Northumberland Atmospheric Railway, 427.

"Novelty" locomotive, 323.

Oaks Pit Colliery explosion, 195.

Offices, Stephenson's London, 381, 407.

Old Quay Navigation, Liverpool, 256.

Olive Mount Cutting, 291.

Openings of railways--
Hetton, 209;
Stockton and Darlington, 236;
Liverpool and Manchester, 330;
London and Birmingham, 384;
in Midland Counties, 384;
East Coast route to Scotland, 426, 437:
Britannia Bridge, 458;
Trent Valley, 469.

Opposition to railways--
in country districts, 337, 341;
at Northampton, 342;
in Kent, 342;
at Eton, 342;
to London and Birmingham, 350.

Organization--of early railways, 330, 333;
of modern railways, _Pref._, xi.

Outram's railway, first use of stone blocks, 51.

Parliament and railways, 338, 406, 410.

Parr Moss, railway across, 288.

Passenger-carriage, the first, 240.

Passenger-traffic, beginnings of, _Pref._, vii., xv., 240, 241,
333, 338;
of London, _Pref._, xvii.

Pease, Edward, promotes Stockton and Darlington Railway, his
character, 222;
anticipations concerning railways, 225;
intercourse with George Stephenson, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232;
assists George Stephenson with capital, 232;
faith in the locomotive, 235, 246;
letter to Robert Stephenson, 306, 307.

Peel, Sir R., on undulating lines, 409, 410;
G. Stephenson's visit to, 467.

Penmaen Mawr, railway under, 439.

Pen-y-darran, Trevithick's locomotive made and tried at, 80-82.

Permanent way, _Pref._, viii., xi., 159, 200.

Peruvian mining, Trevithick's adventures in connection with, 87.

Petherick, J., his description of Trevithick's steam-carriage, 78, 79.

Phillips, Sir Richard, on railroads, 217.

Pile-driving by steam, 434

Pitmen, habits and character of Newcastle, 100, 101.

Plate-ways, 50, 82.

Politics, G. and R. Stephenson's, 494.

Population of London, how influenced by railways, _Pref._, xviii.

Postal service and railways, _Pref._, xxvii.

Potatoes brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xxiii.

Poultry brought to London by rail, _Pref._, xxii.

Primrose Hill Tunnel, 356.

Professional charges, G. Stephenson's, 382.

Provisioning of London, _Pref._, xix.

Pyrenean pastoral, 418.

_Quarterly Review_ on railway speed, 263.

Queen, the, her first use of the railway, 390;
opens the High-Level and Royal Border Bridges, 437;
visits the Britannia Bridge, 456.

Rails--
stone blocks first used, 48;
planks, 48;
plates of iron, 50;
cast-iron rails, 50;
flanched rails, 51;
tram-plates at Merthyr, 81;
Wylam wagon-way, 153;
rack-rail, 156, 157, 159, 160;
heavier cast-iron rails used, 160;
roughly laid, 200;
Stephenson's half-lap joint, 200;
Stephenson recommends wrought-iron rails, 233;
temporary rails in constructing roads, 284;
Vignolles's and Ericsson's central friction, 311;
strained by high speed, 399.

Railway locomotive (see _Locomotive_).

Railway king, the, 407, 411.

Railway speed (see _Speed_).

Railway speculation and mania, 374, 401-405.

Railways, length of, constructed, _Pref._, iii.;
in India, _ib._, iv.;
in United States, _ib._, vi.;
carrying stock of, _ib._, ix.;
effects of, _ib._, xv.;
in London, _ib._, xv.;
number of workmen employed on, _ib._, xxviii.

Railways constructed and opened--
Cardiff and Merthyr, 73;
Sirhowy, 73;
Wandsworth, Croydon, and Merstham, 73, 74;
Wylam, 160;
Kilmarnock and Troon, 206;
Hetton, 207;
Stockton and Darlington, 224;
Liverpool and Manchester, 247;
Canterbury and Whitstable, 339;
Grand Junction, 340, 365;
Leicester and Swannington, 343;
London and Birmingham, 349;
Manchester and Leeds, 366;
Midland, 370;
in Belgium, 382;
Chester and Birkenhead, 402;
Newcastle and Darlington, 412;
Newcastle and Berwick, 414, 426;
Royal North of Spain, 417;
Chester and Holyhead, 438;
Trent Valley Railway, 469;
Grand Trunk, Lower Canada, 476.

Rainhill, locomotive contest at, 322.

Ramsbottom's locomotive self-feeding apparatus, _Pref._, xiv.

Rastrick, Mr., C.E., 153, 312, 315.

Ravensworth, Lord, 135, 192.

Rennie, John, C.E., 220, 221;
Messrs. Rennie and Liverpool and Manchester line, 279, 281.

Residential area of London, enlarged by railways, _Pref._, xvii.

Richardson, Thomas, Lombard Street, 230, 232, 266, 267, 307.

Road locomotion--
Stevin's sailing-coach, 52;
Mackworth's and Edgeworth's sailing-wagons, 52, 53, 57;
Cugnot's road locomotive, 61;
Murdock's model, 66;
Symington's steam-carriage, 68;
Oliver Evans's locomotive, 71, 72;
Trevithick's steam-carriage, 77;
G. Stephenson's views of locomotion on common roads, 202-205;
House of Commons report in favor of, 338.

Robins at Alton Grange, anecdote of, 381.

"Rocket" locomotive, the, 319-328.

Roscoe, Mr., his farm on Chat Moss, 282, 283.

Ross, A. M., joint engineer of Victoria Bridge, Montreal, 477.

Royal Border Bridge, Berwick, 429.

Safety-lamp--
Dr. Clanny's, 179;
George Stephenson's first lamp, 180;
second and third lamps, 186;
Sir H. Davy's paper on fire-damp, 179;
his lamp, 187;
dates when lamps produced, 188;
controversy Davy _v._ Stephenson, 187;
comparative merits of lamps, 195.

Safety of railway traveling, _Pref._, x.

Sailing-coaches and wagons, 52, 53, 57.

Saint Fond on colliery wagon-roads, 49.

Saint Lawrence River, Victoria Bridge across, 476-484.

Sandars, Mr., Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 248, 253, 254, 255,
262, 263, 297, 313.

Sankey Viaduct, 292, 293.

"Sanspareil" locomotive, Hackworth's, 324, 325.

Scarborough, railway to, 374.

Screw-propeller patented by Trevithick, 86.

Seguin, M., his tubular boiler, 317, 318.

Self-feeding apparatus of boilers, _Pref._, xiv.

Sheep carried to London by rail, _Pref._, xxi.

Sibthorp, Col., on railways, 341, 390, 391.

Signaling of railway trains, _Pref._, xi.

Simplon, Midland Railway compared with road over the, 371.

Sirhowy Railroad, 73.

Snibston, George Stephenson's sinking for coal at, 344.

Sopwith, Mr., F.R.S., 416, 467.

South Devon atmospheric railway, 428.

Spain, George Stephenson's visit to, 418.

Spankie, Mr. Sergeant, counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Railway
Bill, 271.

Speculation in railways, 374, 401;
G. Stephenson on, 406, 407;
R. Stephenson and, 425.

Speed, railway, _Pref._, viii.;
on Liverpool and Manchester line, 332;
George Stephenson on, 398, 399.

Spur-gear, George Stephenson's, 164, 165.

Stage-coach traveling, _Pref._, vii., 337, 387, 389.

Statues of George Stephenson, 472.

Steam-blast, invention of the, 168, 170;
rival claims, 170, 171;
of the "Rocket," 320.

Steam-boat, the first working, 70.

Stephenson family, the--
Robert and Mabel, George's father and mother, 103-105;
brothers and sisters, 111, 112;
old Robert, 123;
maintained by his son George, 129.

Stephenson, George, birth and birthplace, 103, 104;
his parents, 105;
boyhood, 107-110;
fireman and engine-man, 109-113;
learns to read, 114;
learns to brake, 116, 117;
makes and mends shoes and "falls in love," 118;
thrashes a bully, 119, 120;
self-improvement, 121;
removes to Willington, 122;
marries Fanny Henderson, 123;
studies mechanics, perpetual motion, 124;
cleans clocks, 125;
birth of only son and removal to Killingworth, 126;
death of his wife, 127;
goes to Scotland, his pump boot, 128;
returns to Killingworth, _ibid._;
brakesman at West Moor pit, 129;
joins in a brakeing contract, 130, 131;
cures a pumping-engine, 132-134;
appointed engine-wright, 135;
education of his son, 139-141;
his cottage at West Moor, 146;
the sun-dial, 148, 149;
studies the locomotive, 151, 161-163;
his first traveling-engine, 163-170;
invents his safety-lamp, 179-186;
improves underground machinery at Killingworth, 198;
patent for improved rails and chairs, 200, 201;
experiments on friction, 202;
constructs Hetton Railroad, 208;
marries Elizabeth Hindmarsh, 214;
appointed engineer of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, 228, 229;
commences locomotive factory at Newcastle, 232;
supplies locomotives to Stockton and Darlington Railway, 235;
appointed engineer to Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 254;
obstructions to the survey, 259, 260;
his evidence in committee, 266;
bill rejected, 277;
reappointed engineer, 281;
construction of Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 282-295;
battle of the locomotive, 310-315;
triumph of the "Rocket" at Rainhill, 319-328;
organization of the railway traffic, 333;
improvements of the locomotive, 335;
the self-acting brake, 334, 398;
leases the Snibston estate, 344;
engineer of Manchester and Leeds Railway, 366;
engineer of North Midland, 371;
of York and North Midland, 373;
quickness of observation, 375;
proposed line across Morecambe Bay, 376;
immense labors, 377;
extensive correspondence, 379, 380;
London office, 381;
visits to Belgium, 382, 383;
leases Claycross estate and colliery, 394;
on railway speculation, 406, 407;
third visit to Belgium, 415;
visit to Spain, 417;
interview with Lord Howick, 428, 429;
life in retirement at Tapton, 460;
visit to Sir Robert Peel, 467;
theory about sun's light, 468;
illness and death, 470;
statues of, 472;
characteristics, 487-492.

Stephenson, Robert, his birth, 126;
boyhood and education, 140-143;
boyish tricks, 143, 144;
scientific amusements, 145;
teaches algebra, 148;
joint production with his father of a sun-dial, 148, 149;
assists his father in safety-lamp experiments, 181, 184;
Newcastle Institute, 209;
apprenticed as coal-viewer, 209;
coal-pit explosion, narrow escape, joint studies with his
father, 210;
sent to Edinburg University, 211;
his notes of lectures, 212;
life in Edinburg, 213;
geological excursion in the Highlands, return to Killingworth,
213, 214;
assists Mr. James in survey of Liverpool and Manchester Railway,
252;
makes drawings for engines, 301;
engages with Colombian Mining Association, and residence in South
America, 301-306;
resigns his situation, 306;
meeting with Trevithick at Cartagena, 308;
shipwreck, 308;
tour in the United States, and return home, 309;
cooperates with his father in the locomotive competition, 315;
builds the "Rocket," 319;
engineer of Leicester and Swannington Railway, 343;
engineer of London and Birmingham Railway, 349;
marriage to Miss Sanderson, 353;
report on atmospheric system, 404;
succeeds his father generally as engineer, 421;
his extensive practice, 422, 423;
his caution, 425, 448, 456;
engineer of High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, 431;
engineer of Chester and Holyhead Railway, 438;
designs the first iron tubular bridge, 444;
opens the Britannia Bridge, 457;
designs tubular bridges over the Nile, 475;
designs the Victoria Tubular Bridge, Lower Canada, 477;
member of House of Commons, 484;
honors, 485;
present at launch of "Great Eastern," 486;
illness and death, 487;
characteristics, 492-494.

Stevin's sailing-coach, 52.

Stockton and Darlington Railway projected and surveyed, 222;
Edward Pease, promoter, 222;
act obtained, 224;
George Stephenson resurveys and constructs line, 228, 229;
line opened, 236;
coal-traffic, 239;
first passenger-traffic, 240, 241;
growth of Middlesborough, 245.

Straits of Menai, bridge over, 441.

Strathmore, Earl of, 135, 192.

Suez Canal, Robert Stephenson's opinion of, 484, 485.

Summers and Ogle's tubular boiler, 317.

Sun-dial at Killingworth, 148, 149, 396.

Sun's light and coal formation, G. Stephenson's ideas on, 468, 491.

Sunshine, effect of, on tubes of Britannia Bridge, 458.

Superheated steam, Trevithick's use of, 91.

Swanwick, Frederick, G. Stephenson's secretary, 297, 299, 315.

Sylvester, Mr., on maximum speed, 264.

Symington, William, his working model of a road locomotive, 68;
co-operation with Miller of Dalswinton in applying power to
boats, 70;
his misfortunes and death, 70.

Tapton House, George Stephenson's residence at, 392, 395, 460.

Telegraph signaling on railways, _Pref._, xiii.

Thames Tunnel begun by Trevithick, 85, 86.

Thirlwall, William, engineer, 108.

Thomas, Mr., of Denton, on railways, 73.

Traffic, passenger, beginnings of, _Pref._, vi., xv., 240, 241, 333,
385, 388;
cattle, _Pref._, xx.;
coal, _ib._, xxv., 153, 161, 386, 392;
food, _Pref._, xix.;
merchandise, _ib._, xxvi.;
poultry, etc., _ib._, xxii.;
postal, _ib._, xxvi.

Train service of London, _Pref._, xvii.

Tram-ways, early, 48, 49, 73, 106, 152.

Trevithick, Richard, birth and education, 74;
engineering ability in youth, 75;
partner with Andrew Vivian at Camborne, 76;
his improved engine and boiler, 77;
his steam-carriage for roads, 77-79;
carriage exhibited in London, 79, 80;
constructs the first railway locomotive, 80;
dredges the Thames by steam-power, 83;
his high-pressure engines and new patents, 83, 84;
partly constructs a Thames tunnel, 85, 86;
returns to Camborne, new patents, 86;
his tubular boiler, engines for Peru, 86, 87;
goes to Lima, received with honors, 88;
civil war and ruin, 89;
meets Robert Stephenson at Cartagena, 90;
shipwreck and return to England, 91;
new inventions, his last days and death in poverty, 92, 93;
his character, his important inventions, _ibid._;
his locomotive, 152, 153, 170, 317.

Tring Cutting, 354.

Trinity Church, Chesterfield, G. Stephenson's burial-place, 471.

"Tubbing" in coal-pits, 344.

Tubes, floating of, at Conway, 451, 452;
at Menai Strait, 452;
lifting of the, 455;
erection of, at Victoria Bridge, Montreal, 480.

Tubular boilers by various inventors, 317.

Tubular bridges--
over Menai Straits, 443;
at Conway, 451, 452;
at Damietta and Benha, Lower Egypt, 475;
at Montreal, 480.

Tunnels--
at Liverpool, 290;
at Primrose Hill, 356;
at Kilsby, 357;
at Littleborough, 368.

Turner, Rev. William, Newcastle, 185.

Undulating Railways, theory of, 400.

United States, railways in, _Pref._, v.

Uvillé, M., and Trevithick, 87-89.

Vegetables carried to London by rail, _Pref._, xxiii.

Viaducts--
Sankey, 292;
Dutton, 366;
Berwick, 430;
Newcastle, 431.

Victoria Bridge, Montreal, 477.

Vignolles, Charles, C.E., 279, 291, 311.

Vivian, Andrew, Trevithick's partner, 76.

Walker, James, C.E., report on fixed and locomotive engines, 312.

Wallsend, 97.

Walmsley, Sir Joshua, 418, 419.

Waters, Mr., Gateshead, 158.

Watt, James, his model locomotive, 60;
his scheme of 1784, 64, 65;
discourages application of steam to locomotion, 67.

"Way-leave" tram-ways, 49.

Wellington, Duke of, and railways, 330-332, 390.

West Moor Colliery, 177, 214.

Wharncliffe, Lord, and George Stephenson, 135, 367.

Wheat carried to London by rail, _Pref._, xx.

Whinfield, Mr., Gateshead, 154.

Wigham, John, G. Stephenson's teacher, 138.

Williams, Mr. Scorrier, his gratitude to Trevithick, 77.

Willington Quay, G. Stephenson at, 122.

Wind, power of, employed in locomotion, 52, 57.

Wood, Nicholas, testimony concerning Stephenson's invention of the
steam-blast, 171-173;
makes drawing for Stephenson's safety-lamp, 180;
assists in experiments, 180, 185, 189, 196, 198;
in colliery explosions, 210;
on the locomotive, 262, 314, 315.

Woolf, Cornish engineer, 84, 317.

Workmen, railway, _Pref._, xxviii., 336, 362.

Wylam Colliery and village, 102-104;
wagon-way, 153.

York and North Midland Railway, 373, 374;
public opening of, 384.

Young, Arthur, on early tram-ways, 49.

THE END.

BOOKS OF TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE

PUBLISHED BY

HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK.

HARPER & BROTHERS will send any of the following Works by mail, postage free, to any part of the United States, on receipt of the Price.

HARPER'S CATALOGUE OF TRAVEL-BOOKS _is one of the literary
curiosities of the day, exhibiting at a glance the contributions of
modern travel to geographical and other knowledge. Commencing with
South Africa, and marking on a map the tracks of these travelers,
the reader will be astonished to see how thoroughly they cover
the length and breadth of Africa. Livingstone, Ellis, Burton, Du
Chaillu, Reade, Andersson, Speke, Davis, Wilson, and others, have
within a few years explored Africa pretty thoroughly; Egypt and the
Holy Land have been repeatedly described in late times; Layard had
given us the revelations of the Euphrates and the Tigris valleys;
Atkinson had written his admirable accounts of Siberia, illustrated
by his own most brilliant pencil; Huc and others described China;
and now a hitherto almost unknown portion of the very heart of Asia
is opened to us by the delightful book of Vámbéry._--N. Y. JOURNAL
OF COMMERCE.

* * * * *

=Livingstone's Zambesi.= Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi
and its Tributaries; and of the Discovery of Lakes Shirwa and
Nyassa, 1858-1864. By DAVID and CHARLES LIVINGSTONE. With Map and
Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $5 00.

=Dr. Livingstone's South Africa.= Missionary Travels and Researches
in South Africa; including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in
the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope
to Loando on the West Coast; thence across the Continent, down
the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean. By DAVID LIVINGSTONE,
LL.D., D.C.L. With Portrait, Maps by Arrowsmith, and numerous
Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $4 50.

=Social Life of the Chinese=: With some Account of their Religious
Governmental, and Business Customs and Opinions. With special but
not exclusive reference to Fuhchau. By Rev. JUSTUS DOOLITTLE,
Fourteen Years Member of the American Board. With over 150
Illustrations. In Two Volumes. 12mo, Cloth. Beveled Edges, $5 00

=The Story of the Great March=: Diary of General Sherman's Campaign
through Georgia and the Carolinas. By Brevet Major GEORGE WARD
NICHOLS, Aid-de-Camp to General Sherman. With a Map and numerous
Illustrations, and an Appendix, containing Official Reports by
Major-General Sherman, Quarter-master and Commissary Reports, &c.
Twenty-second Edition. 12mo, Cloth, Beveled Edges, $2 00.

=Captain Hall's Arctic Researches= and Life among the Esquimaux.
Arctic Researches and Life among the Esquimaux: being the Narrative
of an Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, in the Years
1860, 1861, and 1862. By CHARLES FRANCIS HALL. With Maps and 100
Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $5 00.

=Vámbéry's Central Asia.= Travels in Central Asia. Being the
Account of a Journey from Teheran across the Turkoman Desert, on
the Eastern Shore of the Caspian, to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarcand,
performed in the Year 1863. By ARMINIUS VÁMBÉRY. With Map and
Woodcuts. 8vo, Cloth, $4 50.

=Reade's Savage Africa.= Western Africa: Being the Narrative of a
Tour in Equatorial, Southwestern, and Northwestern Africa; with
Notes on the Habits of the Gorilla; on the Existence of Unicorns
and Tailed Men; on the Slave Trade; on the Origin, Character,
and Capabilities of the Negro, and of the future Civilization of
Western Africa. By W. WINWOOD READE. With Illustrations and a Map.
8vo, Cloth. $4 00.

=Speke's Africa.= Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the
Nile. By Captain JOHN HANNING SPEKE. With Maps and Portraits, and
numerous Illustrations, chiefly from Drawings by Captain Grant.
8vo, Cloth, uniform with LIVINGSTONE, BARTH, BURTON, &c. Price $4
00.

=Du Chaillu's Africa.= Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial
Africa: with Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the People,
and of the Chase of the Gorilla, the Crocodile, Leopard,
Elephant, Hippopotamus, and other Animals. By PAUL B. DU CHAILLU,
Corresponding Member of the American Ethnological Society; of the
Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; and of the Boston
Society of Natural History. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo,
Cloth, $5 00.

=Squier's Central America=, The States of Central America: Their
Geography, Topography, Climate, Population, Resources, Productions,
Commerce, Political Organization, Aborigines, &c, &c. Comprising
Chapters on Honduras, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Belize, the Bay Islands, the Mosquito Shore, and the
Honduras Inter-Oceanic Railway. By E. G. SQUIER, formerly Chargé
d'Affaires of the United States to the Republics of Central
America. With numerous Original Maps and Illustrations. A New and
Enlarged Edition. 8vo, Cloth, $4 00.

=Squier's Nicaragua=. Nicaragua: Its People, Scenery, Monuments,
Resources, Condition, and proposed Canal. With 100 Maps and
Illustrations. By E. G. SQUIER, formerly Chargé d'Affaires of
the United States to the Republics of Central America. A Revised
Edition. 8vo, Cloth, $4 00.

=Squier's Waikna.= Waikna; or, Adventures on the Mosquito Shore. By
SAMUEL A. BARD. With a Map of the Mosquito Shore, and upward of 60
original Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

=Burton's City of the Saints.= The City of the Saints; and Across
the Rocky Mountains to California. By Captain RICHARD F. BURTON,
Fellow and Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Societies
of France and England; H. M. Consul in West Africa; Author of
"The Lake Regions of Central Africa." With Maps and numerous
Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50.

=Burton's Lake Regions of Central Africa.= The Lake Regions of
Central Africa, A Picture of Exploration. By RICHARD F. BURTON,
Captain H.M.I. Army; Fellow and Gold Medalist of the Royal
Geographical Society. With Maps and Engravings on Wood. 8vo, Cloth,
$3 50.

=Atkinson's Amoor Regions.= Travels in the Regions of the Upper
and Lower Amoor, and the Russian Acquisitions on the Confines of
India and China. With Adventures among the Mountain Kirghis; and
the Manjours, Manyargs, Toungouz, Touzemtz, Goldi, and Gelyaks; the
Hunting and Pastoral Tribes. By THOMAS WITLAM ATKINSON, F.G.S.,
F.R.G.S., Author of "Oriental and Western Siberia." With a Map and
numerous Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50.

=Andersson's Okavango River.= The Okavango River. A Narrative of
Travel, Exploration, and Adventure. By CHARLES JOHN ANDERSSON,
Author of "Lake Ngami." With a Steel Portrait of the Author,
numerous Woodcuts, and a Map, showing the Regions explored by
Andersson, Cumming, Livingstone, and Du Chaillu. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50.

=Stephens's Travels in Central America.= Travels in Central
America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. By J. L. STEPHENS. With a Map and 88
Engravings. 2 vols., 8vo, Cloth, $6 00.

=Stephens's Travels in Yucatan.= Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. By
J. L. STEPHENS. 120 Engravings, from Drawings by F. CATHERWOOD. 2
vols., 8vo, Cloth, $6 00.

=Stephens's Travels in Egypt.= Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and
the Holy Land. By J. L. STEPHENS. Engravings. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth,
$3 00.

=Stephens's Travels in Greece.= Travels in Greece, Turkey, Russia,
and Poland. By J. L. STEPHENS. Engravings. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3
00.

=Arizona and Sonora.= The Geography, History, and Resources of the
Silver Region of North America. By SYLVESTER MOWRY, late Lieutenant
United States Army, late United States Boundary Commissioner, &c.
With Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

"=From Dan to Beersheba=;" or, The Land of Promise as it now
Appears. Including a Description of the Boundaries, Topography,
Agriculture, Antiquities, Cities, and Present Inhabitants of that
Wonderful Land. With Illustrations of the Remarkable Accuracy of
the Sacred Writers in their Allusions to their Native Country. By
REV. J. P. NEWMAN, D.D. Maps and Engravings. 12mo, Cloth, $1 75.

=Hunting in South Africa.= African Hunting from Natal to the
Zambesi, including Lake Ngami, the Kalahari Desert, &c., from
1852 to 1860. By WILLIAM CHARLES BALDWIN, Esq., F.R.G.S. With
Illustrations by James Wolf and J. B. Zwecker. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

=Wyoming=; Its History, Stirring Incidents, and Romantic
Adventures. By GEORGE PECK, D.D. With Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth,
$1 75.

=Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation= in 1838-1839. By
FRANCES ANNE KEMBLE. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

THREE YEARS IN JAPAN. The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of a
Three Years' Residence in Japan. By. Sir RUTHERFORD ALCOCK, K.C.B.,
Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in
Japan. With Maps and numerous Illustrations. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth,
$3 50.

=The Sioux War.= History of the Sioux War and Massacres of 1862 and
1863. By ISAAC V. D. HEARD. With Portraits and Illustrations. 12mo,
Cloth, $1 75.

=Crusoe's Island=: A Ramble in the Footsteps of Alexander Selkirk.
With, Sketches of Adventure in California and Washoe. By J. ROSS
BROWNE. With Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 75.

=Davis's Carthage.= Carthage and Her Remains: Being an Account
of the Excavations and Researches on the Site of the Phoenician
Metropolis in Africa and other Adjacent Places. Conducted under
the Auspices of Her Majesty's Government. By Dr. DAVIS, F.R.G.S.
Profusely Illustrated with Maps, Woodcuts, Chromo-Lithographs, &c.,
&c. 8vo, Cloth, $4 00.

=Lamont's Seasons with the Sea-Horses.= Seasons with the
Sea-Horses, or, Sporting Adventures in the Northern Seas. By JAMES
LAMONT, Esq., F.G.S. With Map and Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $3 00.

=Life and Adventure in the South Pacific.= By JONES. With
Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $1 50.

=Pfeiffer's Last Travels and Autobiography.= The Last Travels
of Ida Pfeiffer: inclusive of a Visit to Madagascar. With an
Autobiographical Memoir of the Author. Translated by H. W. DULOKEN.
Steel Portrait. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

=Lord Elgin's Mission to China, &c.= Narrative of Lord Elgin's
Mission to China and Japan in 1857, '58, '59. By LAURENCE OLIPHANT,
Secretary to Lord Elgin. Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50.

=Life in Spain.= Past and Present. By WALTER THORNBURY, Author of
"Every Man his own Trumpeter," "Art and Nature," "Songs of the
Cavaliers and Roundheads," &c. With Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1
50.

=The Prairie Traveller.= A Hand-Book for Overland Emigrants. With
Maps, Illustrations, and Itineraries of the Principal Routes
between the Mississippi and the Pacific By RANDOLPH B. MARCY, U. S.
Army. Published by Authority of the War Department. 16mo, Cloth, $1
00.

=Ellis's Madagascar.= Three Visits to Madagascar during the
Years 1853--1854--1856. Including a Journey to the Capital, with
Notices of the Natural History of the Country and of the Present
Civilization of the People. By the Rev. WILLIAM ELLIS, F.H.S.,
Author of "Polynesian Researches." Illustrated by a Map and
Woodcuts from Photographs, &c. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50.

=Fankwei=; or, The San Jacinto in the Seas of India, China, and
Japan. By WILLIAM MAXWELL WOOD, M.D., U.S.N., late Surgeon of
the Fleet to the United States East India Squadron, Author of
"Wandering Sketches in South America, Polynesia," &c., &c. 12mo,
Cloth, $1 50.

=Page's La Plata.= La Plata: The Argentine Confederation and
Paraguay. Being a Narrative of the Exploration of the Tributaries
of the River La Plata and Adjacent Countries, during the Years
1853, '54, '55, and '56, under the orders of the United States
Government. By THOMAS J. PAGE, U.S.N., Commander of the Expedition.
With Maps and numerous Engravings. 8vo, Cloth, $5 00.

=The Land and the Book=; or, Biblical Illustrations drawn from
the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and the Scenery of the Holy
Land. By W. M. THOMSON, D.D., Twenty-five Years a Missionary of
the A.B.C.F.M. in Syria and Palestine. With two elaborate Maps of
Palestine, an Accurate Plan of Jerusalem, and _several Hundred
Engravings_, representing the Scenery, Topography, and Productions
of the Holy Land, and the Costumes, Manners, and Habits of the
People. Two elegant Large 12mo Volumes, Cloth, $5 00.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equals signs=.
The oe and OE ligatures have been replaced by 'oe' and 'OE'.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences
within the text and consultation of external sources.

Except for those changes noted below, misspelling by the author,
inconsistent or archaic usage, has been retained. For example,
chainman, chain-man; lifetime, life-time; mail train, mail-train;
wrought iron, wrought-iron; 'savans' retained (archaic form of
'savants').

p. ix 'Kingdon' changed to 'Kingdom'.
p. 97 'Frith' changed to 'Firth'.
p. 115 "Robin Cowen's" changed to "Robin Cowens's".
p. 135 'and, and Mr.' changed to 'and Mr.'
p. 184 'o' with macron replaced by 'o' in 'hydrogen,'.
p. 208 'compararatively' changed to 'comparatively'.
p. 212 'Frith' changed to 'Firth'.
p. 220 'Frith' changed to 'Firth'.
p. 239 'orginal' changed to 'original'.
p. 330 'cenveniently' changed to 'conveniently'.
p. 410 'tisue' changed to 'tissue'.
p. 416 'enconiums' changed to 'encomiums'.
p. 445 'cleet' changed to 'cleat'.
Index entry: 'Egypt' page '507' changed to '475'.