Chapter XXV: Edward the Confessor

1042. Accession of Edward 442

1043. Harsh treatment of Queen Emma 442

1045. Edward marries Edith, daughter of Earl Godwine 443

1047. _Foreign relations_: Magnus of Norway 444

1048. Edward joins the Emperor Henry III. against
Baldwin 445

1049. Edward’s vow of pilgrimage to the Holy Land:
Westminster Abbey planned 445

_Internal History_: ships paid off: army tax
(_here-gyld_) abolished 445

Siward, Earl of Northumbria 447

Leofric, Earl of Mercia 448

Vast power of Earl Godwine and his family 448

Misconduct of Sweyn, son of Godwine 449

1049. Sweyn murders his cousin Beorn 451

1052. Death of Sweyn 451

Edward’s foreign relatives: their unpopularity 452

Ecclesiastical favourites: Robert Champart 452

1051. Eustace of Boulogne and the men of Dover 453

Godwine heads resistance to the foreigners 454

Exile of Godwine and temporary ruin of his
family 455

Visit of William the Norman to England 457

1052. Death of Queen Emma 457

Return of Earl Godwine and reinstatement of his
family 459

Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury 460

Death of Earl Godwine: his son Harold all-powerful 461

1057. Return and death of the Etheling Edward 461

_Scottish affairs_: Macbeth’s murder of the young
King Duncan 462

1054. Siward of Northumbria aids Malcolm against
Macbeth 463

1055. Death of Siward. His earldom given to Tostig 463

1037. _Welsh affairs_: Victories of Griffith ap
Llewelyn 464

1055. Leofric’s son Elfgar outlawed 465

Harold’s wars with Griffith 466

Griffith marries Aldgyth, daughter of Elfgar 467

1063. Death of Griffith 467

1064? Harold’s visit to Normandy and oath to Duke
William 469

1065. Northumbria rebels against Tostig Godwineson 470

Tostig banished: his earldom given to Morkere, son
of Elfgar 471

Harold marries Aldgyth, widow of Griffith 471

Dedication of Westminster Abbey 472

1066. Death of Edward the Confessor 472