Chapter XL: Section 1: ; Moralist, Part III., Section 3

Shaftesbury was a real optimist, and held that there was no positive evil in the world. He exerted all his eloquence and ingenuity in efforts to exalt the wondrous harmonies of nature. “Everything is for the best in the best of all possible worlds.” In the opening section of the “Inquiry concerning Virtue,” he argued that there can be no real ill in the universe. “If everything which exists be according to good, and for the best, then, of necessity, there is no such thing as real ill in the universe, nothing ill with respect to the whole.... To believe, therefore, that everything is governed, ordered, and regulated for the best, by a designing principle or mind, necessarily good and permanent, is to be a perfect theist.”¹

¹ Part I., Section 2; also his _Moralist_, Part III., Section
1. The influence of these views is observable in the
theory of the harmony between the kingdoms of nature and
grace, developed in the “Théodicée” of Leibnitz; indeed,
Shaftesbury’s views had considerable influence in various
directions.

His usual method of arguing is that of placing alternatives before the mind; he manifests no great metaphysical grasp of principles, and his power of exposition was very limited. He often repeats himself, and his style, though sometimes vigorous, is diffuse and stilted.

Dr. Samuel Clarke was a great authority in his day, both in theology and in philosophy. But as his method of philosophising has almost ceased to have influence in Britain, I will only give a brief statement of his ethical theory and views.

His moral theory may be shortly stated as follows:――All existing things have their necessary relations one to another. Man must attribute the same law of perception to every being to whom he attributes thought, and, therefore, he must believe that the sum of the relations of all things to each other must have always been present to God; and these relations, then, are eternal, however recent the things may be between which they subsist; and the whole together constitute truth. These eternal different relations of things, one to another, involve a consequent eternal fitness in the application of things one to another, with regard to which the will of God always chooses, and which also ought to determine the wills of all subordinate rational beings. Such eternal relations make it fit and reasonable for the creatures thus to act; and, indeed, it becomes their duty so to act, prior to and independent of any foreseen advantage or reward.¹

¹ _Being and Attributes of God_, Proposition 12; _Evidence of
Natural and Revealed Religion_.

The three great classes of primary duties, namely, the duties we owe to God, to each other, and to ourselves, might be deduced in the same way as the propositions of geometry. Thus Clarke attempted to give the rules of morality a mathematical cast; and his theory also sought to found moral distinctions solely upon reason. But reason can never be a complete basis for morality, because it does not afford the motives of action. “The abusive extension of the term reason to the moral faculties, one of the predominant errors of ancient and modern times, has arisen from causes which it is not difficult to discover. Reason does in truth perform a great part in every case of moral sentiment. To reason often belong the preliminaries of the act; to reason altogether belongs the choice of the means of execution. The operations of reason, in both cases, are comparatively slow and lasting, they are capable of being distinctly recalled by memory. The emotion which intervenes between the previous and succeeding exertions of reason is often faint, generally transient, and scarcely ever capable of being reproduced by an effort of the mind. Hence the name of reason is applied to this mixed state of mind, more especially when the feeling, being of a cold and general nature, and scarcely ruffling the surface of the soul, such as those of prudence, and ordinary kindness, and propriety, almost passes unnoticed, and is irretrievably forgotten. Hence the mind is, in such conditions, said by the moralists to act from reason, in contra-distinction to its more excited and disturbed state, when it is said to act from passion. The calmness of reason gives to the whole compound the appearance of unmixed reason. The illusion is further promoted by a mode of expression used in most languages. A man is said to act reasonably when his conduct is such as may be reasonably expected.”¹

¹ Mackintosh’s _Dissertation on Ethical Philosophy_, pages
155‒156, 1837.

Bishop Berkeley is the author of a form of idealism, explained in several works which appeared at different periods of his life. He maintained that the external world had no real existence in itself, apart from thinking and reasoning beings. By this he meant that matter and all external objects have only a phenomenal existence, an appearance, but no real existence at all, distinct from their being perceived by some person, or mind and spirit. If, therefore, we detach external objects from perception, they cease to be, because they have no existence apart from perception. All the choir of heaven, and all the bodies composing the mighty frame of the world, have not any substance without a mind; and that their very being is to be perceived as part of the significant sense-experience of a conscious person; “consequently, so long as they are not actually perceived by me, or do not actually exist in my mind, or in that of any created spirit, they must either have no existence at all, or they must exist in the mind of some Eternal Spirit.”¹

¹ _Compare._ Berkeley’s Works, edited by Professor Fraser, and
the excellent volume by the same author on Berkeley and his
Philosophy, in the series of “Philosophical Classics for
English Readers.”

Thus in result, Berkeley’s external world consisted of spirits, as it were, external to his own spirit; conscious, in concert with himself, of intelligible sense-impressions, by which they could communicate with one another. By a refined process of thought, he arrived at the conclusion that there was an external will and an external intellect, and that will and intellect constituted spirit. This was his explanation of the problem of the relation of the human mind to the external world.

In the later stage of the development of his views, he attempted to explain what is meant by God. He maintained that the supreme power is Spirit; God is more than the unknowable behind the phenomena of nature. God means the eternally sustaining spirit――the active conscious reason of the universe; the Supreme Spirit or Universal Mind. But he did not intend to reduce all to God and phenomena; he recognises the existence of finite free agents, responsible and subject to a moral government. Still he seemed to approach the principle of pantheism.

The aim of his speculations was to extinguish the scheme of materialism; he thought that, when matter was expelled out of nature, sceptical and impious ideas would have no ground to stand upon. But in the hands of subsequent thinkers, his principles have yielded very different results.

Berkeley wrote a fine pleasing style, and contributed much to excite the philosophic mind in England and Scotland. Indeed, he said himself that his reasonings had been nowhere better understood than among a club of young Scotchmen in Edinburgh.

* * * * *

In conclusion, the period covered in this volume has been exceedingly important in the history of Scotland. After the Union of the Crowns, the king’s power was vastly increased, and one of the baneful results of this was that the kings used their power to enforce their own religious and political views upon the people, and attempted to extinguish their freedom of thought and speech, and their civil rights. Hence the Covenanting struggle, and after the Restoration the long and severe persecution of the Covenanters; yet, despite all the harassments of war, of persecution, and oppression, the Covenanters executed their work heroically and successfully, and contributed considerably to the Revolution of 1688, and to the freedom of the British people. Peace and glory to the memory of the heroes, who boldly faced danger, privation, and death for the tenets of their faith! The proceedings connected with the passing of the Union were narrated; and an account of the subsequent disaffection in Scotland, and the risings of 1715 and 1745 was presented. A detailed and exhaustive account of the social condition of the people, and the introduction of manufactures, the progress of industry and commercial enterprise were given. I then treated the ballad and Jacobite literature and other branches, historically, and noted the progress of science, of education, and art. In the closing chapter, I have presented an outline of European Thought, in which the systems of Bruno, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Hobbes, Locke, Shaftesbury, and others are concisely expounded, in order to show the historic relations of the philosophy which subsequently arose in Scotland.

INDEX.

Abercorn, i., 116;
castle of, 343, 390;
Earl of, iii., 19.

Abercromby, Dr. Patrick, iv., 143.

Aberdeen, i., 148, 151, 234, 238‒9, 264, 284, 288, 306, 325, 366,
370, 386‒7, 390;
ii., 116, 123, 192, 202, 212, 241, 247;
iii., 28, 90, 91, 219, 223, 228;
iv., 370, 375;
University of, i., 415, 467;
ii., 412, 413;
iii., 62, 392‒3;
iv., 60, 139, 317‒320.

Aberdeen, Earl of, iv., 482.

Aberdeenshire, i., 28, 49, 52, 68, 75, 90, 95, 140, 184, 271, 284,
287, 325;
ii., 154;
iii., 244;
iv., 370, 371.

Abernethy, i., 114, 165, 245.

Aboyne, i., 174;
Viscount of, iii., 93.

Ada, daughter of Earl David, i., 204, 256.

Adam,
Dr. Alexander, iv., 153;
William, Robert, James, 402.

Adamson, Archbishop of St. Andrews, ii., 182‒4, 189, 271, 380.

Aed, King, i., 136.

Agricola, General, i., 105, 109.

Agriculture, i., 100, 133, 150, 250‒254, 376‒381;
ii., 266, 289, 290;
iii., 303‒305;
iv., 332‒339.

Aidan, King of Dalriada, i., 117‒8.

Aikman, iv., ♦429.

♦ page number provided by transcriber

Airlie, Earl of, iii., 90;
castle of, 337.

Alan, Lord of Galloway, i., 211.

Albany,
Duke of, i., 319, 321‒2, 324‒6;
Murdoch, 326, 327, 328;
Alexander, 348‒351;
John, Regent, ii., 36‒37.

Ale, i., 251, 399, 400, 401, 402, 404;
ii., 291‒292;
iii., 217‒219;
iv., 395.

Alexander I., reign of, i., 200, 201.

Alexander II., reign of, i., 209‒212, 242.

Alexander, III.,
coronation of, i., 213;
reign of, 213‒217.

Alexander, William, iv., 209‒211.

Alison,
Rev. Archibald, iv., 86;
Sir Archibald, 155‒6;
Dr. William, 312.

Allan,
David, iv., 433;
Sir William, 443.

Alloa, iv., 433.

Alnwick castle, i., 143, 300.

Amberley, Viscount, ii., 43, 44.

Anderson,
Dr. Joseph, i., 52, 55, 57, 61, 65, 66, 168, 180;
William, ii., 68;
James, iv., 143, 144;
Robert, 173.

Angles, i., 113, 118, 119.

Angus,
Pictish King, i., 120;
Angus, Chief, 116, 202;
Angus Duff, 329;
Angus, Lord of the Isles, 218, 285, 292, 293;
Angus, Earl of, 342, 343, 350, 351;
ii., 36, 37, 38, 61, 63, 64, 65, 181, 195, 212.

Annandale, i., 26, 203, 223, 349.

Annandale, Earl of, iii., 179.

Anne, Queen, iii., 204, 205, 209, 211, 220, 222.

Anstruther, ii., 192.

Arbroath,
monastery of, i., 249, 296, 432, 433, 434;
town of, 238, 409;
iii., 93, 301;
iv., 375.

Arbuthnot,
Alexander, ii., 372, 373, 413;
Dr. John, iv., 228‒230.

Architecture, i., 157‒165, 247‒250, 428‒431;
ii., 396, 397;
iii., 396‒7;
iv., 401‒411.

Ardnamurchan, i., 24, 261, 356;
iii., 90.

Ardoch, i., 106.

Argyle,
Earl of, i., 356‒7, 364, 365;
ii., 63, 64, 89, 96, 97, 130, 134, 135, 145, 150, 181, 201,
202, 224, 226, 229;
iii., 90, 91, 92, 99, 104, 121, 123, 159, 167, 192;
Duke of, 206, 223, 241.

Argyleshire, i., 53, 116, ♦117, 121, 127, 210, 261, 369;
iii., 91; iv.

♦ “177” replaced with “117”

Arkinholm, battle of, i., 343.

Armada, ii., 191, 192.

Armstrong,
John, a marauder, ii., 224, 225;
Dr. John, iv., 169.

Arran, island of, i., 23, 95, 216, 286, 379, 380.

Arran,
Earl of, i., 346;
Regent, ii., 63, 65, 67, 70, 74, 78, 86, 87;
Stewart, Earl of Arran, 175, 177, 181, 184, 185, 187.

Arrowheads, i., 49, 50.

Art,
early, i., 52, 75‒79, 166‒174, 176‒180, 241‒243, 470, 471;
ii., 423‒425;
iii., 393‒396;
Progress of, in Scotland, iv., 428.

Aryan race, i., 38‒42;
language of, 43.

Arth, a friar, ii., 51‒53.

Asceticism, i., 131, 156, 157, 244;
ii., 43‒46, 261, 262.

Assembly, General,
ii., 115, 129, 149, 151, 160, 166, 167, 169, 188, 193, 211,
213;
iii., 28, 34, 36, 39, 69‒72, 77, 83, 84, 98, 104, 186;
iv., 465‒485.

Athole,
Earl of, i., 208, 209, 214, 217, 255, 263, 283, 285, 305, 306,
335, 337;
ii., 143, 148;
iii., 110;
Marquis of, 174;
Duke of, 207, 212.

Attwood, iv., 143, 144.

Auldearn, battle of, iii., 94.

Ayr,
Burgh of, i., 240, 356, 359, 386, 387;
ii., 69;
iii., 303;
iv., 369‒372;
Castle of, i., 215, 248, 274, 287.

Ayrshire, i., 29, 114, 286, 287, 379;
ii., 78;
iii., 134, 153;
iv., 341, 342.

Aytoun, William E., iv., 194.

Bacon, Lord, ii., 395;
iii., 434‒435.

Badenoch, i., 211, 276, 356;
iii., 181.

Badenoch, Lord of, i., 217, 256, 271, 274, 275, 277.

Baillie,
General, iii., 93, 94, 95;
Rev. Robert, 75, 76, 87, 88, 357, 358.

Bain, Dr. Alexander, ii., 420;
iv., 139, 140, 141, 155.

Balcanqhall, Walter, ii., 177, 184, 187, 206.

Balfour,
Sir James, ii., 75, 135, 144, 146;
John, of Burley, iii., 151, 153, 343;
Sir Andrew, 369.

Baliol, Bernard de, i., 203.

Baliol,
King John, i., 256, 258, 259, 260‒262, 263, 264, 366;
Edward, 304, 305, 306, 307.

Ballads,
early, i., 184‒5, 441‒450;
ii., 76, 77, 244, 245, 341‒345;
referring to the Civil War and persecution, iii., 237‒346;
Jacobite ballads, 346‒353.

Balmerino, Lord, iii., 18, 60.

Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, iii., 32.

Bane, Donald, King, i., 144.

Banff, i., 148, 248, 307, 385, 390, 391;
iii., 301;
iv., 373.

Bank of Scotland established, iii., 327‒329.

Bannatyne, George, ii., 371, 372.

Bannockburn, battle of, i., 291‒295.

Barbour, John, i., 451‒454.

Barclay,
Robert, iii., 258;
Dr., iv., 308.

Barlow, Bishop, ii., 54, 56.

Barmekyn hill, fort on, i., 90.

Barony, i., 223, 225.

Barton, Captain, i., 359, 363.

Beaton,
James, Archbishop, ii., 38, 58;
David, Cardinal, 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70‒72, 79.

Beaumont, Henry, i., 301, 305, 306.

Beck, Bishop of Durham, i., 266, 270.

Bede, i., 116, 122, 126.

Bellhaven, Lord, iii., 197, 211‒12.

Bell Rock, i., 23.

Bell,
Dr. John, iv., 306, 307;
Sir Charles, 307, 308.

Bellenden,
John, ii., 317, 318;
Sir John, 158;
Sir Lewis, 274.

Berkeley, Bishop, iii., 470, 471.

Berwick-North, i., 387, 389.

Berwick, i., 206, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 248, 259, 260, 263,
264, 268, 279, 285, 295, 305, 350, 382;
Treaty of, ii., 100, 272.

Bible, translations of, ii., 25‒27, 49, 170.

Bisset, Thomas, i., 271.

Black,
David, ii., 204‒206;
Dr. Joseph iv., 260‒263, 273, 276, 278.

Blackadder, John, iii., 139.

Blackie, John S., iv., 247‒249.

Blakey, Robert, iv., 160.

Blacklock, Dr. Thomas, iv., 171, 172.

Blair,
Robert, iv., 169, 170;
Dr. Hugh, 215.

Blair Athole, iii., 90.

Blair Castle, iii., 181.

Bœce, Hector, ii., 316.

Bondmen, i., 252, 380‒382.

Book of Common Order, ii., 113, 114;
Book of Discipline, the first, 105‒113;
the second, 171‒173.

Book of Canons, iii., 45, 46.

Boot and shoe manufactures, iv., 392, 393.

Borders,
state of, i., 309, 315‒318, 322, 324, 342;
ii., 223‒225;
order established on the Borders, iii., 20‒28.

Borthwick Castle, ii., 143.

Bothwell,
Earl of, i., 353, 426;
ii., 69, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138‒145;
Francis Stewart, Earl of, 198, 272, 273, 274‒276.

Bothwell Bridge, Battle of, iii., 153, 154.

Botriphnie, i., 378;
iv., 197.

Bower, Walter, i., 376, 463.

Boyd,
Robert, of Kilmarnock, i., 283;
Robert, Lord Boyd, 345, 346, 347;
Sir Thomas, created Earl of Arran, 146, 147.

Boyd, Zachary, iii., 358, 359.

Braemar, iii., 222.

Brahmanism, ii., 428, 429, 431, 433.

Braxfield, Lord, iv., 458.

Breadalbane, Earl of, iii., 190, 191.

Brechin, i., 138, 164, 183, 238, 249, 276, 409;
Castle of, 264, 276;
Battle of, 342.

Bridges, Early, i., 250.

Briggs, Henry, ii., 389, 390, 391.

Brigham, treaty of, i., 218.

Britons of Strathclyde, i., 113, 114, 117, 123‒125, 138.

Britons and Scots, early laws of, i., 151‒153.

Brochs, i., 157‒163.

Brodick Castle, i., 286.

Brodie,
Alexander, iii., 255;
William, iv., 454.

Bronze weapons and tools, i., 74‒79.

Brooches, i., 117‒119.

Brown,
Janet, ii., 231;
Dr. Thomas, iv., 87‒97;
John, 216;
Dr. John, 217;
Dr. William L., 218, 219.

Bruce,
Robert, of Annandale, i., 203, 218, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259,
260;
Robert, Earl of Carrick, 266, 267, 271, 276, 278, 281‒283.

Bruce,
Nigel, Thomas, Alexander, i., 285;
Edward, 287, 290, 291, 292;
Robert, ii., 201, 208, 216, 381, 382;
Michael, iv., 177.

Brude, King of the Picts, i., 127.

Bruno, Giordano, writings of, iii., 399‒401.

Brunston, Laird of, ii., 69.

Buchan, Earl of, i., 208, 209, 211, 213, 217, 262, 287, 288, 319,
325, 352, 353, 373.

Buchan, Peter, i., 446.

Buchanan,
George, ii., 58, 145;
writings of, 364‒369, 409;
Thomas, 260;
Dr. Robert, iv., 224.

Buddha, his life and work, ii., 429‒432.

Buddhism, ii., 233, 432.

Burghs,
the origin and organisation of, i., 33, 82, 83, 152, 232‒237;
Custom and trade of, 382‒391;
Social life and characteristics of the burghal communities,
397‒408, 414, 438, 439;
ii., 230‒243, 291‒294;
iii., 245‒248, 274‒278, 283‒289.

Burghs of regality, barony, and church, i., 226, 237, 238, 408,
409.

Burial dues exacted by the Church, ii., 39, 40.

Burnet,
Bishop, his works, iii., 364‒366;
John, iv., 441.

Burns, Robert, iv., 179‒182.

Burntisland, iii., 301.

Burton, Dr. John H., iv., 160.

Caerlaverock Castle, i., 247, 272.

Cairns, burial, chambered, i., 53‒64, 91, 92.

Caithness,
prehistoric structures in, i., 53‒58;
Norseman inroads, 136, 138, 139.

Caithness, Earls of, i., 207, 208;
ii., 227;
iii., 237, 238, 239.

Calderwood, David, iii., 38, 356, 357.

Caledonians, i., 105‒109, 110, 111, 114.

Caledonian Canal, iv., 354.

Calvin, ii., 119, 357‒360.

Cambuskenneth, i., 249, 367.

Cameron of Lochiel, i., 356;
iii., 181.

Cameron, Richard, iii., 155, 156.

Cameronians, iii., 155, 174, 185, 186, 187.

Campbell of Glenlyon, iii., 192.

Campbell,
Sir Colin, iii., 395;
Dr. John, iv., 144;
Dr. George, 85, 86;
Thomas, his writings, 185‒187;
Colin, architect, 402;
Thomas, sculptor, 454.

Candlish, Dr. R. T., iv., 221, 222.

Canterbury, Archbishop of, i., 200, 201, 272.

Cantyre, i., 21, 215, 261, 285, 348.

Canute, i., 139, 192.

Carberry Hill, ii., 144.

Cardross, i., 302, 303.

Cargill, Donald, iii., 155, 156, 157.

Carham, battle of, i., 138.

Carlisle, i., 210, 318;
iii., 227.

Carlyle,
Thomas, iv., 156‒159;
Dr. Alexander, 19, 43, 44.

Carmichael, Lord, iii., 186, 187.

Carmichael,
John, of ♦Meadowflat, iii., 27;
William, 151;
Gershom, iv., 18.

♦ “Meadowflatt” replaced with “Meadowflat”

♦Carmon, Colonel, iii., 183.

♦ Printed out of alphabetic order.

Carrick, Earl of, i., 217, 266, 271, 278, 281, 302, 305, 314,
316.

Carswell, John, ii., 108.

Carstairs, William, iii., 178, 179.

Carved woodwork, i., 430;
ii., 423.

Casket Letters, ii., 141, 142;
iv., 145.

Cassillis, Earl of, i., 365;
ii., 69, 150;
iii., 19, 56, 87, 99, 104.

Castellio, Sebastia, ii., 359.

Castles, i., 247, 248, 428, 430;
ii., 422, 423.

Catechisms, ii., 77, 78, 85, 109, 110;
iii., 89.

Caterthun, hill fort, i., 89, 90.

Cathen, the King’s adviser, i., 125.

Caves, i., 43, 83, 163.

Celestius, ii., 356.

Celibacy, i., 131, 156, 244, 245;
ii., 21, 22, 41‒43, 45, 46, 261, 262.

Celtic tribes, i., 44, 45, 90, 100, 101, 105, 110, 113‒116, 119.

Censorship of the press, ii., 277, 278.

Chalmer, James, ii., 90.

Chalmers,
George, iv., 153;
Dr. Thomas, 219‒221.

Chambered Cairns, i., 53‒65.

Chambers,
Thomas, i., 336, 337;
David, ii., 138;
Dr. Robert, iv., 163.

Charles I.,
reign of, iii., 42‒100;
policy of, 43‒50, 51‒54, 57, 58, 59, 63‒65, 66‒68, 71, 73‒75,
76, 77, 78‒82, 90, 95, 96, 97.

Charles II., reign of, iii., 103, 107, 110, 119‒163.

Charles Stewart, prince, iii., 226‒229.

Charters, i., 148, 201, 223‒225, 227, 232‒234, 373, 387, 422.

Chartularies, i., 247.

Chatelherault, Duke of, ii., 86, 130.

Chemical Science, iv., 260‒266, 273, 286, 296‒298, 397.

Chepman, Walter, ii., 300‒302.

Christian I., King of Denmark, i., 346.

Christianity,
introduced, i., 121‒129;
early form of, 130‒134;
influence of, 134, 135, 168, 181, 186, 232, 245, 248‒250, 288,
289, 466, 467;
ii., 437‒439, 443.

Church,
early, i., 130‒134, 155‒157, 200, 201;
re-organisation of, 212, 213, 243‒245;
property of, 227, 252‒254, 380, 431‒433;
state of, 332, 333, 431, 432;
ii., 40‒43, 51, 76‒78, 79, 102.

Church, the Reformed,
organisation of, ii., 104‒115;
conflict with the Government, 165‒173, 177‒189, 192‒194,
197‒220;
iii., 20‒42, 46‒82, 83‒87, 95‒101, 110, 120‒163, 164‒169;
internal struggles of, iv., 467, _et seq._

Circuit Courts, i., 222, 355, 356, 424;
Lords of Council, Judicial Committee, i., 370, 371;
Court of Session, ii., 216, 223;
iii., 112, 113, 124, 232‒235; iv.;
Church Courts, i., 227, 230, 371.

Cists, i., 55, 93, 95.

Civilisation,
primary causes of, i., 19‒20, 31‒33, 34, 35;
ii., 426, 427;
gradual progress of, i., 53, 70, 71, 98‒102, 119‒121, 135,
149‒151, 161, 164, 169, 170, 181‒188, 232‒241, 245‒55,
330‒332, 366‒371, 382‒397, 408, 418‒422, 465‒472;
ii., 109, 278‒291, 398, 419;
iii., 101, 102, 294‒335;
rapid development of, iii., 215;
iv., 142‒145, 165, 284, 324‒332; _et seq._, 341‒400.

Clackmannan, iv., 343.

Claim of Right,
of the Scotch Parliament, iii., 176, 177;
Claim of Right, of General Assembly of the Church, iv., 480,
_et seq._

Clan, i., 146;
iii., 225.

Clan Canan, i., 150.

Clan Morgan, i., 150.

Clanranald, chief of, i., 356;
ii., 226;
iii., 242, 243.

Cleland, William, iii., 153.

Clunymore, i., 378.

Coal,
early notice of, i., 238, 409;
mining, ii., 286;
iii., 292‒293;
iv., 341‒343.

Cochrane, Robert, i., 348‒350.

Cockburne, of Henderland, ii., 224.

Cockburn, Sir Richard, Sir John, iii., 18.

Coinage, i., 238, 394‒397;
ii., 279‒282;
iii., 320‒327;
paper currency, 327‒329.

Coldingham, i., 209, 246.

Colin, King, i., 137.

Colliers, iii., 291‒292;
iv., 342‒344.

Colville, John, i., 448.

Commerce, i., 239‒240, 391‒394;
ii., 286‒290;
iii., 112, 300‒303, 311;
iv., 352‒357, 359‒363, _et seq._

Compurgators, i., 228‒229.

Comyn, Clan, i., 213‒214.

Comyn,
John, i., 217, 256, 271, 275, 277;
slaughter of, 281.

Confessions of Faith, ii., 34‒35, 102, 204‒205;
iii., 89.

Constantine, Roman general, i., 112.

Constantine I., son of Kenneth M‘Alpin, i., 136.

Constantine II., 136‒137.

Constantine III., 138.

Conventicles, acts against, iii., 130, 131, 133, 138, 140, 146,
148, 149.

Convention of Royal Burgh, i., 234, 235.

Convention of Estates, iii., 173‒177.

Cope, Sir John, iii., 226, 227.

Corrichie, battle of, ii., 123, 124.

Cotterel, Colonel, iii., 110, 111.

Covenant,
National, iii., 59‒62;
Solemn League and Covenant, 83‒86.

Covenanters, iii., 68‒73, 74‒77, 78‒82, 86, 89‒102, 103‒105, 107.

♦Craftsmen, i., 335, 336, 404‒408;
ii., 240, 241, 242, 293, 294;
iii., 287‒289.

♦ “Craftesmen” replaced with “Craftsmen”

Craig,
John, ii., 110, 158, 167, 185;
Sir Thomas, 384;
Andrew, iii., 245.

Craigellachie, iv., 354.

Craigmiller Castle, i., 349.

Craigphadrig, vitrified fort, i., 91.

Crannogs, i., 42, 84‒87.

Cranstoun, Sir William, iii., 21, 24, 25, 27.

Crawar, Paul, i., 332.

Crawford, Earl of, i., 321, 340, 341, 342, 343, 364;
iii., 120, 179, 186.

Crawford, Sir William, i., 388, 389.

Crawford Moor, ii., 282;
iii., 293.

Crichton, Sir William, i., 338, 339, 340.

Crinan, Abbot of Dunkeld, i., 139, 140.

Cromwell, iii., 99, 108, 100, 110, 111, 112‒115.

Culblean, battle of, i., 306.

Cullen, burgh of, i., 385, 386.

Culloden, battle of, iii., 229, 230, 351, 352;
iv., 172, 173.

Cumberland, i., 105, 125, 142.

Cumberland, Duke of, iii., 228, 229.

Cummene, i., 181.

Cunningham, Allan, iv., 192, 193.

Cupar, i., 465;
iii., 157.

Curates, under Charles II., iii., 130, 132, 173.

Dacre, Lord, ii., 62.

Dalkeith, iii., 227;
castle of, i., 316, 342;
ii., 423.

Dalriada, i., 116, 117, 127.

Dalry, iii., 133.

Dalrymple, Sir John, iii., 191‒193, 233, 234.

Dalziel, General, iii., 134, 135, 342.

Dancing, i., 457, 468;
ii., 124, 125, 415;
iv., 416.

Darien Colony, iii., 196‒204.

Darnaway Castle, i., 360;
ii., 124.

Darnley, ii., 128, 129, 130‒136, 137, 138.

Dauney, William, iv., 416.

David I., reign of, i., 201‒204, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228,
230, 232, 234, 235, 243, 244.

David II., reign of, i., 304, 306, 307‒313, 429.

David, Earl of Huntingdon, i., 204, 256.

Davidson,
John, ii., 198, 214, 373, 374;
Thomas, 302, 303;
John, Principal of the University of Glasgow, 352, 408;
Dr. Patrick, iv., 164.

Dean of Lismore’s Book, i., 442, 443.

Defence of the Country, armour, weapons, organisation of the
army, i., 409‒413.

Denmark, marriage treaty, i., 346.

Descartes, method and principles of his system, iii., 403‒418.

Dickson, David, iii., 61, 359.

Dingwall, i., 385, 386.

Divorce, ii., 265, 266.

Donald I., i., 136.

Donald II., i., 136.

Donald Bane, i., 144.

Donald Balloch, i., 329, 330.

Donald, Lord of the Isles, i., 324‒326.

Douglas,
Sir William, i., 266, 267;
Sir James, 283, 286, 287, 290, 292, 300, 303;
Sir Archibald, 305, 306;
Sir William, 307;
Sir John of Dalkeith, 342;
Sir James, 435;
Sir William of Drumlanrig, 389;
Sir James, ii., 225;
George of Parkhead, 284, 285;
Sir Archibald, iii., 18.

Douglas, Earl of, i., 316, 317, 318, 321, 323, 326, 338, 339,
340, 341, 342, 343, 349, 388, 389, 390.

Douglas,
Gavin, ii., 36, 310‒315;
Dr. James, iv., 320.

Drumclog, battle of, iii., 153.

Drummond,
Lord, i., 360;
ii., 228;
Earl of Perth, iii., 171, 172;
Lady Margaret, i., 360.

Drummond,
General, iii., 135;
James, 227;
William, 366, 367.

Dryburgh, Monastery, ii., 66.

Duff,
King, i., 137;
Angus Chief, 329;

♦Dumbarton, i., 114, 121;
castle of, 248, 278;
ii., 149, 154, 155;
burgh of, i., 386, 391;
iii., 302, 303;
iv., 361.

♦ Separate item, not part of Duff.

♦Dumfries,
Castle of, i., 248, 290;
burgh of, 282, 356, 384;
ii., 131, 186;
iii., 24, 27, 134, 212, 228, 342, 386;
iv., 371.

♦ Printed out of alphabetic order.

♦Dumplin, battle of, i., 305.

♦ Printed out of alphabetic order.

Dunaverty Castle, i., 285, 355.

Dunbar,
Castle, i., 263, 383;
ii., 133, 140, 141, 143, 149;
town of, i., 383, 503;
iii., 227, 300, 387;
battle of, 109.

Dunbar, Earl of, i., 212, 214, 217, 218;
iii., 18, 25, 26, 30.

Dunbar, William, ii., 303‒310.

Dunblane,
cathedral, i., 249;
ii., 423;
city of, i., 238, 408.

Duncan I., i., 139, 140.

Duncan II., i., 143, 144.

Duncan, Dr. Andrew, iv., 302‒304.

Dundee, i., 83, 119, 248, 265, 267, 288, 387, 391, 437;
ii., 69, 93, 197, 202, 233, 235, 237, 240, 243, 400;
iii., 93, 223, 301, 303;
iv., 243, 331, 357, 358, 375, 376.

Dundee, Viscount, iii., 174, 175, 181, 182, 183.

Dunfermline,
Abbey of, i., 141, 144, 156, 239, 248, 252, 303, 385;
burgh of, 238, 258, 408;
ii., 400;
iv., 375.

Dunfermline, Earl of, iii., 18, 30.

Dunkeld, i., 119;
church of, 120, 134;
abbot of, 138, 139, 143;
bishopric of, 210, 218, 222, 225.

Dunlop,
John, iv., 155;
Alexander, 480.

Dunnichen, i., 116.

Dunnotter, i., 136.

Duns Law, iii., 74.

Dunsinnane, i., 91, 92, 140.

Dupin, Nicolas, iii., 313, 318, 333.

Durham, i., 203;
battle of, 308;
iii., 97.

Durham, James, iii., 359.

♦Durrisdeer, i., 91.

♦ Printed out of alphabetic order.

Durward, Alan, i., 214, 216.

Dury, John, ii., 167, 178, 179, 182.

Eadmer, i., 200, 201.

Earth-houses, i., 65‒70.

Earthenware, iii., 317;
iv., 365, 366.

Edgar, King, i., 143, 144, 148.

Edinburgh,
annexed, i., 137, 144, 151, 233, 247, 258, 276, 301, 306, 312,
317, 319, 338, 352, 354, 370, 388, 389;
ii., 35, 54, 58, 65, 66, 78, 89, 90, 91, 93, 97, 99, 100,
115, 117, 119, 124, 128, 132, 133, 135, 140, 143, 148,
151, 154, 163, 167, 179, 183, 203, 206, 213, 219, 237;
iii., 37, 41, 42‒44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56, 67, 81, 99, 110,
120, 129, 134, 135, 147, 153, 163, 168, 171‒173, 174‒176,
180, 182, 186, 203, 206, 213, 219, 227, 236, 241, 274, 285;
iv., 44, 70, 75, 87, 97, 144, 148, 165, 174, 178, 194, 211,
222, 234, 330, 391, 405‒6;
Castle of, i., 248, 264, 274, 307, 322, 339, 349, 350, 358,
429;
ii., 101, 134, 142, 144, 149, 152, 155;
iii., 73, 159, 174, 175, 227;
University of, ii., 414‒419;
iii., 392, 393;
iv., 18, 69, 70, 74, 75, 87, 97, 102, 103, 136, 148, 156,
157, 167, 257, 263, 274, 291‒315.

Edinburgh, treaty of, ii., 100.

Edmund, i., 143.

Education, i., 184, 245, 466;
first Educational Act, 466, 467, 468;
ii., 109, 110, 397‒422;
iii., 375‒393;
iv., 324‒330.

Edward I., policy of, i., 218, 219, 255‒260, 261, 262, 263‒265,
266, 269‒271, 272, 273‒279, 283, 287.

Edward II., i., 287, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 298, 299, 300.

Edward III.,
Invasions of Scotland, i., 305, 306, 307;
policy of, 309, 310, 311, 312.

Edward IV., i., 348, 349, 351.

Edward VI., ii., 75, 86, 87.

Egfrid, defeat of, i., 116.

Eglinton, Earl of, ii., 140, 229;
iii., 56, 75, 99.

Elgin, i., 139, 264, 385, 390;
ii., 251;
iii., 92, 94;
iv., 370;

Elizabeth, wife of Robert I., i., 303.

Elizabeth, Queen, ii., 92, 93, 99, 100, 145, 150, 220;
iv., 147.

Elliot, Robert, iii., 27.

Ellon, iv., 370.

Elphinstone, Bishop, i., 467;
ii., 300, 301.

Elphinstone,
Lord, iii., 19;
master of, 292.

England, policy of toward Scotland, i., 206, 214, 218, 257‒260,
261, 263‒265, 271, 273, 278, 280, 283, 287, 299, 300, 301,
305, 306, 309, 310, 322, 349, 361, 362;
ii., 54‒57, 63‒67, 76, 99‒101, 155;
iii., 179, 183, 184, 190‒193, 198, 201‒204, 206, 217‒221.

English language, i., 441, 443, 464.

English money, i., 396;
ii., 282;
one standard fixed, iii., 216.

Eocha, King, i., 136.

Episcopacy, ii., 108, 109, 157‒160, 164‒171, 177, 182‒185, 188,
210‒218;
iii., 28‒42, 44‒69;
abolished, 70‒72;
reintroduced, 122‒128;
again abolished, 180, 181, 184.

Erc, Chief, i., 116.

Eric II., King of Norway, i., 217, 259.

Errol, Earl of, i., 365, 373;
ii., 195, 196, 199, 201, 212;
iii., 19.

Erskine,
Lord Robert, i., 334;
John, of Dun, ii., 88, 89, 93, 108, 158, 185;
Rev. Ebenezer, iv., 213;
Rev. Ralph, 213;
Dr. John, 213, 214;
Thomas, Lord, 232‒234.

Ethnology, i., 38‒43;
of Scotland, 43‒47, 114, 115, 116, 118.

Etive, Loch, vitrified fort on, i., 91.

Evans, Dr. John, i., 50, 51.

Exchequer, i., 221.

Excise, difficulties connected with, iii., 217‒219;
iv., 395, 396.

Excommunication of Robert I., i., 295, 303;
form of, ii., 255, 257.

Fairfax, iii., 342.

Falasie, i., 192.

Falkirk, battle of, i., 269‒271;
iii., 228.

Falkland Castle, i., 323, 430;
ii., 213, 274.

Fast Castle, i., 324, 353.

Fasting, i., 131;
ii., 257‒260;
iii., 272, 273.

Fergus,
King, i., 120;
Chief, 116, 205.

Ferguson,
David, ii., 352;
Adam, iv., 69‒74, 152.

Fergusson, Robert, iv., 178, 179.

Feudalism, i., 161, 190, 193, 198, 199, 201, 203, 209, 211,
220‒228, 256, 260, 261, 269, 337, 371‒376, 411.

Fife, Earl of, i., 143, 204, 209, 213, 217, 225, 271, 308, 314,
317, 319, 333.

Fifeshire, i., 105, 119, 121, 136, 304;
ii., 66;
iii., 151;
iv., 142, 143, 341, 373.

Finlay, John, i., 446.

Firth of Forth, i., 23, 28, 109, 110, 115, 119.

Fisheries, i., 239, 377, 390, 391, 432;
ii., 40, 54;
iii., 301, 302, 303, 308;
iv., 400.

Flanders, Count of, i., 240, 241, 391, 392.

Fleming,
Robert, i., 283;
Malcolm, 327, 339.

Fleming, Lord, i., 345;
ii., 150.

Fletcher,
Sir John, iii., 120;
Andrew, of Saltoun, 179, 206, 255.

Flint weapons and tools, i., 48‒52.

Flodden, Battle of, i., 363‒365.

Forbes, Lord, i., 353, 354.

Forbes,
Patrick, Bishop, iii., 362;
Dr. John, 362, 363;
Professor, iv., 266, 268.

Fordoun, iii., 94.

Fordun, John, i., 463.

Forest,
free, i., 223;
forest laws, 225, 417.

Forfar,
Castle of, i., 248, 267, 288;
burgh of, 373, 387;
iv., 375.

Forfarshire, i., 89, 121, 202, 264, 378;
ii., 88;
iii., 90, 110;
iv., 373.

Forfeited estates, i., 343, 344, 347;
ii., 60;
iii., 217, 224;
iv., 336.

Forman, Andrew, Archbishop of St. Andrews, i., 428;
ii., 36.

Forres, i., 248, 372, 385.

Forrest, Thomas, martyred, ii., 58.

Forrester, Robert, martyred, ii., 58.

Four Burghs, court of, i., 234, 235.

France,
Alliance with, i., 262, 274, 275, 299, 300, 315;
French troops in Scotland, 316, 317, 330, 363;
ii., 76, 97.

Franchise, iv., 456, 460, 461‒463.

Francis II., ii., 97, 116.

Frankfort, ii., 75.

Fraser, William, Bishop of St. Andrews, i., 217, 246, 255.

Fraser,
Sir Simon, i., 275, 277, 285;
Alexander, 283;
James, 305;
Simon, 305;
Captain Simon, iv., 421.

Free Trade with England under Cromwell, iii., 112.

French refugees, ii., 189.

Fyvie, i., 50, 432;
iii., 91.

Fyvie, Lord, ii., 204;
iii., 18.

Gaelic, i., 148, 175, 183, 184, 442‒444.

Galgacus, Chief, i., 106‒109.

Galloway, i., 115, 122, 201, 203;
risings in, 205, 206, 211, 212, 272;
law of, 229, 230;
castles of, 290.

Galloway,
Lord of, i., 211, 230, 256;
Bishop of, 212;
ii., 153.

Galt, John, iv., 204.

Game laws, i., 417.

Garioch, i., 325.

Gasklune, battle of, i., 319, 320.

Geddes, Sir William, iv., 142.

Geneva, ii., 75, 89, 113, 114, 359.

Geology, iv., 268‒271.

George I., iii., 222.

Gibbs, James, iv., 402‒404.

Gibson, James, ii., 188.

Gilbert, Chief, i., 206.

Gillespie, George, iii., 87, 362.

Gillies, Dr. John, iv., 152, 153.

Gladstanes, Archbishop of St. Andrews, iii., 19.

Glammis,
Lord, i., 373;
Master of, ii., 177, 181;
iii., 19.

Glasgow,
Bishop of――Wishart, i., 266, 273, 277, 283, 294;
Turnbull, 466, 467;
Laing, 467;
Archbishop of, ii., 38, 59;
iii., 19, 35, 363;
Cathedral of i., 249.

Glasgow,
city of, i., 125, 238, 403, 408, 465;
ii., 97, 252, 400, 402, 403;
iii., 50, 69, 128, 153, 218, 228, 245, 246, 248, 254, 284,
302, 303, 319, 328, 330, 331;
iv., 348‒351, 360‒363, 370, 376, 378, 380, 383, 389, 392‒393,
395, 397‒399, 406‒409, 428;
University of, i., 466;
ii., 408‒410;
iii., 388, 390, 391, 392;
iv., 18, 19, 44, 60, 102, 260‒263, 266, 272‒275, 284, 315‒317.

Glass,
introduction of, i., 420;
Glass-making, iii., 315‒317;
iv., 363‒365.

Glencairn, Earl of, ii., 69, 88, 89, 97, 130, 133, 145, 148, 177;
iii., 120, 124.

Glencoe, iii., 191‒193.

Glenfinnan, iii., 226.

Glengarry, chief, iii., 190, 191, 226.

Glenlivet, battle of, ii., 201, 202.

Glenmore, i., 25, 215.

Godly Ballads, ii., 341‒345.

Gold ornaments, ancient, i., 79‒81.

Goodal, Walter, iv., 145.

Goodsir, John, iv., 306.

Gordon, Duke of, iii., 174, 175;
iv., 421, 454.

Gordon,
Sir Adam, i., 298, 305;
Sir Alexander, 338;
Sir John, ii., 124;
George, 124;
Sir Robert, iii., 237, 238;
Sir Alexander, 238;
Lord Gordon, 238, 239;
Robert, 247;
George, 267, 268;
Dr., iv., 309;
Sir John W., 446.

Gourlay, Norman, burned, ii., 54.

Gow,
Neil, iv., 418, 420;
Nathaniel, 421, 422.

Gowrie, Earl of, ii., 177, 179, 180, 181, 218, 219.

Gowrie, Carse of, i., 28.

Graham,
Sir John, i., 271;
David de, 277;
Sir Robert, 327, 334, 335, 336, 337;
William, iii., 313;
John of Claverhouse, 153;
George F., iv., 416.

Grammar Schools, i., 465, 466;
ii., 399‒405;
iii., 380‒388;
iv., 327.

Grant, James, iv., 208.

Gray, Lord, iii., 238.

Gray, David, iv., 195.

Greenock, i., 409;
iii., 303;
iv., 394.

Gregory,
James, iii., 371, 372;
David, 372, 373;
Dr. John, iv., 300, 302;
Dr. James, 302.

Greyfriars Church, iii., 49.

Greyfriars Churchyard, iii., 61, 154.

Grub, Dr. George, iv., 164.

Gruoch, i., 139, 140.

Guilds, laws of, i., 235‒236, 404.

Guinea, iii., 330.

Guise, House of, ii., 57, 92, 93, 116, 124, 125.

Grum John, iv., 422.

Guthrie,
James, iii., 123, 326;
William, iv., 150;
Dr. Thomas, 222.

Hackston, of Rathillet, iii., 151, 153, 156.

Haco, i., 215, 216.

Haddington, i., 307, 386, 387, 465;
ii., 69, 303, 315;
iv., 370.

Haddington, Earl of, iv., 335.

Haddingtonshire, i., 271;
iv., 343, 373.

Hailes, Lord, iv., 146, 151, 152.

Halidon Hill, battle of, i., 306.

Hall, Sir John, i., 336.

Hamilton,
Lord, i., 345, 346;
Lord Claud, ii., 150, 155, 208;
Marquis of, iii., 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 71, 74;
Duke of, 98, 99, 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 193, 207, 211.

Hamilton, Patrick, martyred, ii., 49, 50.

Hamilton,
of Bothwellhaugh, ii., 152;
John, Archbishop of St. Andrews, 71, 77, 87, 96, 138, 150, 154,
406;
Sir Thomas, of Monkland, iii., 18;
James, Master of Paisley, 19;
Sir Robert, 154;
William, iv., 167;
William, of Bangour, 170;
Sir William, his writings, 102‒135.

Hamilton town, iii., 153;
iv., 295, 296.

Harlaw, battle of, i., 324‒326, 450.

Harold, King, i., 194.

Harold, Earl of Orkney, i., 207, 208.

Harrington, James, iii., 450.

Hastings,
John, i., 256, 259, 260;
Henry de, 204.

Hawick, iv., 369, 370, 371.

Hawley, General, iii., 228, 229.

Hay,
Gilbert, of Errol, i., 283;
Hugh, 283, 284;
Alexander, iii., 19;
Sir James, 19.

Hebrides, i., 22, 23, 118, 134, 144, 156, 215, 217, 329, 346,
348, 355, 356, 357;
ii., 60;
iii., 242, 243.

Henderson,
James, ii., 238;
Alexander, iii., 52, 55, 60, 61, 70, 87, 88, 362.

Henry, the minstrel, i., 458‒462.

Henry I., i., 195, 202.

Henry II., i., 205, 206.

Henry III., i., 214.

Henry IV., i., 322, 324.

Henry VI., i., 345.

Henry VII., i., 353, 358, 361, 362.

Henry VIII., i., 362, 363;
ii., 37, 51, 54‒56, 57, 61, 63‒67, 69, 76.

Henry II. of France, ii., 97.

Henry, Dr. Robert, iv., 151.

Henryson,
Robert, i., 376, 462, 463;
Dr. Edward, ii., 383.

Hepburn,
William, i., 353;
Patrick, Lord Hailes, 353;
John, ii., 36, 406.

Hereditary jurisdiction, i., 220, 221, 223, 225, 226, 228, 237,
238, 372, 411, 424‒426;
iii., 213, 225, 226.

Heresy, i., 37, 327, 332;
ii., 18, 19, 49, 53, 58‒60, 68‒70, 74, 75, 78, 81, 91.

Hermitage Castle, i., 309.

Herries, Ralph, i., 285.

Herries, Lord, ii., 150.

Hertford, Earl of, ii., 65‒67.

Hexham, i., 253, 254, 268.

High Commission, Courts of, iii., 34, 132, 133.

Highlands, i., 23‒25, 27, 29, 206‒208, 329, 348, 355‒357;
ii., 226, 227, 290;
iii., 237‒239, 241‒244;
iv., 353, 354.

Hill, Dr. George, iv., 219, 470.

Hill forts, i., 88‒92.

Historic Interpretation, i., 33‒37.

Historical conditions, i., 19, 45, 46, 85, 88, 101, 102, 113,
119, 120, 121, 135, 136, _et seq._, 227, 228, 255‒265;
ii., 1, 2, _et seq._, 100, 103, 220;
iii., 17‒20, 176, 177, 214, 215.

History of Scottish philosophy, iv., 17‒142.

Hogarth, George, iv., ♦422, 423, 427, 429.

♦ page numbers supplied by transcriber

Hogg, James, iii., 344;
iv., 189‒191.

Holland, John, iii., 328.

Holyrood Abbey, i., 221, 222, 249, 338;
Palace of, ii., 117, 130, 133, 136, 142, 179, 206, 209, 215,
273, 275, 423;
iii., 396;
Chapel of, ii., 119, 138;
iii., 37, 51, 169, 172.

Home, Lord, i., 364;
ii., 199, 224.

Home, John, iv., 174.

Homeldon Hill, battle of, i., 323.

Homil, James, i., 348, 350.

Hope, Sir Thomas, iii., 84, 367.

Howard, Lord, i., 363.

Hume, Lord, ii., 143, 145, 148.

Hume,
Alexander, ii., 377, 378;
Alexander, 402, 403;
Sir Patrick, iii., 179;
David,
his philosophical writings, iv., 25‒44;
history, 146‒148.

Huntingdon, Earl of, i., 204.

Hunter,
Dr. Henry, iv., 217, 218;
Dr. William, 320, 321;
Dr. John, 321‒323.

Huntly,
Earl of, i., 342, 350, 354, 356, 357, 358, 364;
ii., 63, 64, 78, 116, 123, 124, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139,
150, 152, 155, 192, 195, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206,
212;
Marquis of, iii., 68, 74, 90, 94, 104, 222.

Hurry, General, iii., 93, 94.

Icolmkill, statutes of, iii., 242, 243.

Inchaffary, Abbot of, i., 292.

Inchcolm, ruins of monastery, i., 163.

Inchkeith, i., 23.

Inchmahome, i., 249.

Incontinence, i., 155, 244, 245;
ii., 41.

India-rubber manufactures, iv., 391, 392, 393.

Indulf, King, i., 137.

Independents, iii., 88, 96, 97.

Influence of surrounding nature upon the Mind, i., 19, 20, 31‒33,
66;
ii., 427.

Innermaith, Lord, ii., 145, 146.

Innes,
Thomas, iv., 145;
Cosmo, 162.

Invercharron, iii., 105, 106.

Inveresk, iv., 418.

Inverkeithing, i., 307, 387;
iii., 301.

Inverlochy, battle of, iii., 92.

Inverness, i., 83, 91, 127, 151, 207, 233, 240, 306, 329, 356,
385, 390, 404;
ii., 226, 227;
iii., 94, 225, 226, 227, 228, 288, 302;
iv., 354, 373, 374.

Inverurie, i., 278‒287;
iii., 74.

Iona, i., 127‒134, 156, 175, 181, 182.

Ireland, 21, 48, 70, 77, 78, 126, 127, 133, 161, 174, 181, 211,
285, 291, 357;
iii., 65, 85, 90, 297, 302, 303.

Irish,
early writings, i., 117, 150;
note illuminated manuscripts, 172, 173.

Iron works and manufactures, iv., 345‒352.

Irvine, i., 267, 391, 434;
iii., 134.

Irvine, Sir Alexander, i., 328.

Irving, Dr., ii., 367;
iv., 163.

Isles, lordship of forfeited, i., 348, 355.

Isabella, daughter of Earl David, i., 204, 256.

Jack, Thomas, ii., 402.

Jacobites, iii., 175, 176, 181‒183, 190, 193, 195, 196, 201,
205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222‒224,
226‒230.

Jacobite Songs, iii., 346‒353.

James I., reign of, i., 226‒337.

James II., reign of, i., 338‒344.

James III., reign of, i., 344‒352.

James IV., reign of, i., 353‒365.

James V., reign of, ii., 38‒39, 49‒62.

James VI., reign of, ii., 169‒220;
iii., 17‒42.

James VII., policy of, iii., 163‒172.

James VIII., Pretender, iii., 223.

Jamesone, George, painter, iii., 393‒396.

Jamieson, Dr., i., 280, 461.

Jedburgh, 238, 356, 383, 426;
ii., 292;
iii., 24, 27, 380;
iv., 371;
castle of, i., 248, 264, 324;
abbey of, 248;
ii., 66.

Jeffrey, Lord, iv., 234‒236.

Jesuits, ii., 82‒84, 192, 195.

Joanna, Queen of David II., i., 302, 306, 307, 310.

John, King of England, i., 208, 209, 210.

Johnstone,
of Johnstone, ii., 186, 224;
Archibald, of Warriston, iii., 60, 61, 70, 87, 121, 123;
Dr., 380;
Mrs., iv., 204, 205.

Justiciary, i., 214, 222, 330, 386, 424.

Jury trial, i., 221, 230, 371.

Justice of the Peace, iii., 248, 249, 294.

Kay, John, iv., 366.

Kells, Book of, illuminated manuscripts, i., 172, 173.

Keith, iii., 244.

Keith,
Sir Robert, i., 292, 293, 305, 367;
Sir William, of Inverugy, ii., 228;
Dr. William, iv., 319.

Kelso, i., 238, 344, 384;
iv., 369;
Abbey of, i., 216, 249, 250, 252‒254, 432;
ii., 66.

Kennedy,
Bishop of St. Andrews, i., 340, 345;
Walter, ii., 309;
Quintin, 349, 352, 353.

Kennedy, Lord, i., 360;
ii., 309.

Kenneth I., M‘Alpin, i., 120, 121, 136.

Kenneth II., i., 138.

Kenneth, M‘Duff, i., 138.

Ker,
George, ii., 195, 196;
Mark, 224;
Robert, iii., 19;
Dr. David, iv., 319.

Kilconcath, William, i., 246.

Kildelith, i., 246.

Kildrummy Castle, i., 247, 264, 276, 284, 285, 306, 307.

Killiecrankie, Battle of, iii., 181‒183.

Kilmarnock, i., 409;
iii., 297;
iv., 369, 371, 372.

Kilpatrick, West, i., 110.

Kilsyth, battle of, iii., 95.

Kincardineshire, i., 136, 137, 378.

Kinghorn, i., 217, 258.

Kinghorn, Earl of, iii., 19.

Kirk-of-Field, ii., 135.

Kirkcaldy, iii., 301, 303;
iv., 375.

Kirkcaldy, Sir William, of Grange, ii., 71, 149, 152, 153, 155,
156.

Kirkpatrick, i., 282.

Knapdale, i., 348.

Knox,
John, ii., 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 87‒89, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99,
100, 104, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124‒127, 130, 134, 147, 153,
154, 159, 160‒165;
his writings, 345‒349, 352‒354, 360‒364;
Andrew, minister of Paisley, 195;
Bishop of the Isles, iii., 242, 243;
Dr., iv., 309.

Laing, David, ii., 300, 305, 331, 340, 343, 346;
iv., 163.

Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews, i., 274, 281, 283, 285.

Lanark, i., 356, 387;
ii., 181;
iii., 160;
iv., 373.

Lanarkshire, i., 29, 81, 114, 271, 279;
iii., 134;
iv., 341, 342, 343, 344, 347, 378, 381, 388.

Land, in connection with the tribe, and organisation of society,
i., 100, 146‒150, 202, 223‒228, 250‒254, 371‒376, 377‒380,
380‒382, 421, 422;
ii., 39, 40, 110, 266, 297;
iii., 305;
iv., 336‒339.

Langside, battle of, ii., 150.

Largs, battle of, i., 216.

Latin, i., 183, 245, 463, 464;
ii., 5, 6, 379, 380.

Laud, Archbishop, iii., 45, 63, 66.

Lauder Bridge, i., 350.

Lauder, Sir Thomas D., iv., 206.

Lauderdale, Earl of, iii., 14, 129, 137, 142, 348.

Laws, early, i., 151‒153, 221, 222, 228‒231, 370, 371.

Lawson, James, ii., 162, 167, 184, 421.

Le Crocke, ii., 161.

Leibnitz, theory of monads, iii., 432‒434;
iv., 255, 256.

Leighton, Bishop, iii., 141, 363‒364.

Leith, i., 316, 333, 346, 358, 359, 419;
ii., 66, 89, 97, 98, 99, 100, 117, 132, 158, 275, 291, 294;
iii., 74, 84, 300, 301, 303, 309, 313, 331, 332;
iv., 357, 369.

Lennox,
Earl of, i., 217, 283, 285, 327, 328, 354, 364, 365;
ii., 37, 128, 131, 139, 152, 154, 155;
Duke of, iii., 54.

Lennox, Esme Stewart, Duke of, ii., 175, 176, 177, 179.

Lesley, Norman, ii., 71.

Leslie,
General Alexander, iii., 73, 76, 79, 338;
General David, 95, 338;
Sir John, iv., 263‒265.

Lesly, John, ii., 116.

Lesmahagow sanctuary, i., 232.

Leven, Earl of, iii., 175.

Lewis, island, i., 22, 357.

Leyden, University of, iv., 287, 292, 293, 304.

Leyden, John, ii., 319;
iv., 184, 185.

Liddel, Dr. Duncan, ii., 393, 394.

Lindisfarne, i., 126.

Lindores, i., 323.

Lindsay,
Alexander, i., 267, 277;
Sir James, 317;
Sir William, 321, 322;
David, Lord of Crawford, 434;
David, ii., 158, 167, 188.

Lindsay, Lord, ii., 132, 134, 143, 145, 148, 155, 175, 181, 206,
207.

Linlithgow, i., 258, 264, 274, 276, 290, 294, 307, 326, 345, 358,
387, 390;
ii., 120, 152, 207, 349, 400;
iii., 29, 80, 54;
iv., 370.

Linlithgow, Palace of, i., 333, 360, 377, 429, 430, 470;
ii., 62.

Linlithgow, Earl of, iii., 19.

Linlithgowshire, i., 29, 119;
iv., 341, 342, 343, 373.

Lismore, Book of the Dean of, i., 442.

Literature,
early, i., 181‒185, 215‒247, 441‒464;
Poetry, ii., 301‒315, 331‒341, 370‒380;
Ballad, 341‒345;
Historical and various, 315‒330, 345‒364, 364‒370, 380‒385,
393‒396;
Ballad and Jacobite Song, iii., 336‒355;
Historical and various, 356‒368;
Historical, iv., 143‒154, 154‒164;
Poetry, 165‒182, 183‒198;
Fiction, 199‒212;
Religious, 213‒228;
Miscellaneous, 228‒254.

Liturgy, iii., 44, 46‒50, 51‒58, 62, 63.

Livingston,
Sir Alexander, i., 338, 339, 340;
John of Livingston, 389, 390;
Sir William, iii., 19.

Livingston, Lord, i., 345;
ii., 150.

Livingstone, Dr. David, iv., 250.

Lochaber, i., 329, 356;
iii., 181.

Lochiel, chief of the clan Cameron, i., 356;
iii., 181, 226.

Lochindorb Castle, i., 247, 276.

Lochleven, i., 140;
ii., 144, 145, 147, 150.

Lochmaben,
Castle, i., 281;
town of, 372, 468.

Locke, John, writings of, iii., 452‒462;
iv., 17, 18, 27.

Lockhart,
Colonel, iii., 113;
Sir George, 148, 233;
Sir George of Carnwath, 208, 209, 210, 214;
John G., iv., 207, 208.

Logan, John, iv., 177, 178.

Logic, iii., 437‒439;
iv., 130‒133.

Logie, Margaret, i., 310.

Lomond, Loch, i., 29.

London, i., 271, 279, 280, 285;
ii., 99, 220;
iii., 54, 82, 86, 116, 118, 173, 179, 183, 198, 229, 296;
iv., 167, 173, 245.

Long Parliament, iii., 80, 84, 86, 87, 89, 96, 97.

Lord of the Isles, i., 285, 292, 312, 324, 325, 329, 330, 341,
348, 355.

Lords of the Articles, i., 369, 370;
iii., 37, 38, 129, 130, 180, 183, 184.

Lords of the Congregation, ii., 89, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100.

Lorne,
Lord of, i., 284, 312;
black knight of, 338; ii., 89.

Lothian, i., 47, 116, 138, 185, 189.

Lothian, Earl of, iii., 18, 188, 189, 190.

Loudon, Lord, iii., 55, 57, 58, 60, 61.

Loudon Hill, battle of, i., 286, 287.

Lowe, Dr. Peter, ii., 393.

Lovat, Lord, i., 386.

Lubeck, i., 268.

Lude Hill, iii., 181.

Lulach, i., 140.

Lumphanan, battle of, i., 140.

Luther, ii., 17, 32‒34, 49.

Lyndsay, Sir David, ii., 42, 331‒340.

M‘Ancrum, Donald B., ii., 229.

M‘Angus, William, iii., 237.

Macbeth, i., 139, 140, 148.

M‘Cowane, Donald C., ii., 229.

M‘Crie, Dr. Thomas, iv., 154.

M‘Culloch, Horatio, iv., 449.

Macdonald, Lord, i., 163.

Macdonald,
Sir Donald, iii., 190;
Chief of Glencoe, 191‒192;
of Boisdale, Glengarry, Keppoch, 191, 226;
Donald Gorm of Sleat, Donald of Ylanterim, Captain of
Clanranald, Angus of Dunivaig, 242, 243.

Macdonald, Alaster, iii., 90.

Macduff, i., 261, 271.

Macgill, James, ii., 146, 158, 274.

MacGregors,
clan of, iii., 243;
Patrick Roy, 244.

MacHeth, i., 205, 207, 209.

Mackay, ii., 227;
Donald, iii., 237, 238;
Dr. Charles, iv., 196;
Angus, 425.

Mackay, General, iii., 176, 181‒183.

Mackenzie,
Kenneth, iii., 19;
Sir George, 144, 146, 147, 234, 368;
Henry, iv., 199, 200.

Mackinnons, i., 117, note;
Rory, iii., 242.

Mackintosh,
of Borlum, iii., 224;
Sir James, iv., 97‒101;
Robert, 421.

Macknight, Dr. James, iv., 216, 471.

Maclean of Lochbuy, i., 357;
Lauchlan, iii., 242;
Hector of Duart, 242;
Lauchlan of Lochbuy, 242.

Macleod,
of Lewis, i., 357;
Rory, of Harris, iii., 242;
Dr. Norman, iv., 223, 224.

MacNeil of Barra, i., 357.

Macpherson, James, iv., 175, 176.

Macquharrie, Gellespie, iii., 242.

M‘Sevir, Farquhar, ii., 229.

MacWilliam, i., 207, 208, 209.

Magi, i., 128, 129.

Magnus VI., King of Norway, i., 216.

Maid of Norway, i., 217, 218, 219.

Mair, John, ii., 51, 315, 316.

Maitland,
Sir Richard, i., 445;
ii., 370, 371;
William, 99, 100, 120, 121, 135, 141, 152, 155, 156, 157.

Malcolm I., reign of, i., 137.

Malcolm II., reign of, i., 138, 139.

Malcolm III., reign of, i., 140‒143.

Malcolm IV., reign of, i., 204, 205.

Malise, Earl of Strathern, i., 203.

Mallet, David, iv., 169.

Man, Isle of, i., 216, 301.

Manufactures,
Textile, woollen, i., 100, 133, 150, 162, 241, 390, 392, 406,
407;
ii., 294;
iii., 306‒310;
iv., 366, 369‒372;
linen, iii., 311‒313;
iv., 372‒376, 377;
jute, 375‒377;
cotton, 377‒379, 383;
thread, 379‒380;
silk, 380;
mixed fabrics, 380, 381.

Mar,
Earl of, i., 208, 214, 216, 217, 304, 305, 312, 325, 334, 348,
349;
ii., 139, 145, 148;
elected Regent, 155, 177, 184;
iii., 19;
John, Secretary of State, 210;
his rising, 222‒224.

March, Earl of, i., 255, 270, 305, 321, 322, 328, 333, 334.

Marchmont, Earl of, iii., 262.

Margaret,
Queen of Malcolm III., i., 141, 143, 155‒157;
Queen of James III., 346, 351;
Queen of James IV., 360‒362;
ii., 36, 37.

Marischal, Earl, i., 358;
ii., 86, 419;
iii., 19, 222.

Marriage, i., 99, 153‒156, 428;
ii., 229, 261‒266;
iii., 264, 278‒281.

Mathematical Science, progress of, ii., 386‒391;
iii., 371‒374, 403;
iv., 254‒260.

Marston Moor, battle of, iii., 95.

Mary of Gueldres, Queen of James II., i., 340, 344, 345.

Mary of Guise, Queen of James V., ii., 57, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93,
95, 97, 98, 101.

Mary,
Queen of Scotland, ii., 62, 63, 79;
reign of, 116‒147;
imprisonment of, 144;
escape, flight to England, 150;
her execution, 189, 190.

Mary, Queen of England, ii., 87, 92.

Maxwell,
Lord, i., 345;
ii., 186, 187, 224;
Master of, 225;
iii., 27.

Maybole, ii., 353.

Mechanical Science, i., 408;
ii., 384‒386;
progress of, iv., 271‒285.

Medical Science,
state of, i., 414, 415;
ii., 392‒394;
iii., 368‒371;
progress of, iv., 286‒323.

Melrose, Monastery of, i., 125, 126, 246, 254, 302, 303, 432,
438;
ii., 66.

Melville,
James, ii., 71;
Sir James, 141, 142;
Andrew, 167, 182, 201, 202, 213, 214, 409, 410, 412;
iii., 32, 33;
Sir Robert, iii., 19.

Melville, Lord, iii., 179, 183, 186.

♦Menteith, Earl of, i., 213, 214, 217, 218, 263, 383, 308, 317.

♦ “Monteith” replaced with “Menteith”;
Printed out of alphabetic order.

Menteith, Sir John, i., 278, 279.

Metaphysics, iii., 399‒401, 405, 407‒414, 418‒452, 432‒434, 468,
469, 470;
iv., 126‒130, 136‒139.

Methven,
Bruce defeated at, i., 284;
lands of, 377.

Middleton, Earl, Royal Commissioner, iii., 121‒123, 125‒129.

Military service under the feudal organisation, i., 409‒412.

Mill,
Walter, executed for heresy, ii., 91;
John S., iv., 135;
James, 155.

Miller, Hugh, iv., 238‒240, 271.

Mining, ii., 282‒286;
iii., 291‒294;
iv., 340‒345.

Mitchell,
James, 135, 147, 148;
Dr. Charles, iv., 318.

Moir,
Dr. James, i., 461;
David, iv., 208.

Monk, General, iii., 110, 116.

Monmouth, Duke of, iii., 153, 154, 167.

Monro,
John, iv., 292;
Alexander, professor, 292‒294;
Alexander, 304‒305;
Alexander, 305‒306.

Montgomery,
Sir John, i., 321;
Sir Hugh, 449;
Sir Matthew, ii., 229;
Alexander, poems of, 375‒377;
Sir James, iii., 179, 180.

Montgomery, Lord, i., 345.

Montrose, i., 276, 387, 391;
ii., 69, 182, 217;
iii., 301, 303, 323;
iv., 369, 375, 424.

Montrose,
Earl of, iii., 18, 74;
Marquis of, 90‒95, 105, 106, 338, 339.

Moral philosophy, iii., 417, 418, 424‒430, 448, 451, 452,
466‒467;
iv., 19‒24, 38‒40, 45‒50, 68, 69, 71‒74, 81, 82, 94‒96,
98‒101.

Moray,
Sir Andrew, i., 266, 267, 268;
Sir Andrew of Bothwell, 306, 307, 378;
Thomas, 379.

Moray,
Earl of, Randolph, i., 283, 290, 292, 296, 298, 299, 300, 302,
304, 305, 308, 317, 360;
James Stewart, Earl of, ii., 123, 128, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136;
elected Regent, 148‒152.

Morken, King, i., 124, 125.

Morton,
Earl of, ii., 132, 133, 134, 142, 143, 145, 147, 151;
elected Regent, 155, 158, 165, 169, 175, 176.

Mouat, Bernard, i., 285.

Mowbray, 291, 294.

Mure, William, iv., 163, 164.

Murray,
Lord George, iii., 227, 228;
Mungo, 227;
Gideon, 21.

Music, i., 245, 468, 469;
ii., 421‒422;
iii., 386‒388;
iv., 416‒428.

Musselburgh, ii., 144;
iii., 300.

Nairn, i., 372, 386;
castle of, 248.

Napier, John, inventor of logarithms, ii., 386‒391.

Narne, Duncan, ii., 415.

Nasmyth, iv., 436.

Navigation, teaching of, iii., 386.

Navy, under James IV., i., 363.

Negative Confession, ii., 176.

Ness, Loch of, i., 25.

Newbattle, i., 239, 434, 435.

Newbattle, Lord, iii., 18.

Newcastle, i., 318;
ii., 75, 184;
iii., 33, 79, 80, 97.

Nithsdale, Earl of, iii., 222.

Nithsdale, i., 26, 272.

Norham,
meetings at, i., 255, 256, 258;
castle of, 209, 300, 359, 363.

Normans, i., 189‒194, 196, 197, 101‒103.

Norman Conquest, i., 141, 197, 198.

Norsemen, i., 47, 118, 120, 134, 136, 214‒217.

Northallerton, battle of, i., 203, 204.

Northampton, Treaty of, i., 300, 301.

Northumberland, i., 142, 143, 262, 268, 295, 300, 318.

Northumbria, i., 116, 138, 441.

Norway, 21, 144, 215, 216, 217, 219.

Oaths associated with feudalism, i., 258, 264, 281, 372, 373.

Ochiltree, Lord, ii., 146, 275;
iii., 19, 235, 236.

Odistown, i., 303.

Ogham, writing, i., 174, 175.

Ogilvie, Sir Walter, i., 319, 320.

Oliphant, Sir William, i., 277, 278.

Oliphant, Lord, i., 373;
ii., 228.

Orkney Isles, i., 22, 47, 53, 58‒61, 138, 139, 158, 215, 217,
219, 346;
ii., 60;
iii., 302;
iv., 372, 373.

Orkney, Earl of, i., 138, 139, 207, 208;
iii., 239‒241.

Ormiegill, i., 55.

Ormiston, Laird of, ii., 69.

Ormond, Earl of, i., 343, 379.

Ossian, Ossianic poems, i., 442‒444;
iv., 175, 176.

Otterburn, battle of, i., 318, 449.

Otterburne, Thomas, i., 468.

Oxford, i., 451, 452;
iii., 372, 373, 374;
iv., 102, 134.

Pae, David P., iv., 208, 209.

Painting, i., 470;
ii., 423, 424;
iii., 393‒396;
iv., 428‒454.

Paisley, i., 83, 151, 238, 409;
ii., 195;
iii., 386;
iv., 182, 183, 205, 206, 214, 372, 377, 378, 380;
Abbey of, i., 249, 324, 355.

Paper, manufacture of, ii., 2;
iii., 317‒319;
iv., 384‒389.

Parliament,
origin and constitution of, i., 366‒370;
Meetings of, 295, 309, 310, 311, 313‒315, 316, 320, 327, 328,
329, 330, 334, 340, 343, 347, 349, 351, 353, 354, 357;
ii., 38, 49, 60, 65, 68, 91, 102, 126, 139, 149, 183, 193,
213;
iii., 30, 33, 37, 41, 44, 77, 81, 84, 97, 99, 103, 121‒128,
129, 137, 140, 142, 158‒160, 164‒167, 168, 180, 183, 193,
202, 203, 205, 206‒208, 210‒215.

Parliament of the United Kingdom, introduced changes in Scotland,
iii., 217‒218, 220.

Paterson,
Abraham, ii., 284;
Robert, 289;
William, iii., 196, 199.

Patronage, ii., 107, 172;
iii., 103, 104, 184;
iv., 467‒473 _et seq._

Peasantry,
in Normandy, i., 191, 193;
in Germany, ii., 16, 17.

Pedro de Ayala, i., 360.

Peebles, i., 282, 356, 384, 402;
ii., 260;
iii., 274, 290, 307, 380;
iv., 246, 369.

Peers, Scottish representative, iii., 214.

Pembroke, Earl of, i., 283, 284, 286, 287.

Pennington, Joseph, iii., 21.

Pentland Firth, i., 22.

Pentland, battle of, iii., 134.

Percy,
Henry, i., 266;
Sir Henry, Sir Ralph, 318, 449.

Perkin Warbeck, i., 357‒359.

Persecution, ii., 49, 50, 53, 54, 58, 68‒70, 91;
iii., 130‒135, 140, 144‒154, _et seq._

Perth, i., 119, 151, 205, 208, 233, 258, 264, 276, 278, 279, 283,
290, 307, 311, 320, 327, 333, 335, 369, 386, 387, 391, 433;
ii., 69, 93, 94, 96, 179, 214;
iii., 39‒41, 90, 193, 194, 222, 223, 226;
iv., 196, 354, 373.

Perth, Earl of, iii., 171, 172.

Peterhead, iii., 223, 301, 302;
iv., 370, 374.

Philip IV., of France, i., 262, 271.

Phillip, John, iv., 450, 451.

Philiphaugh, battle of, iii., 95, 338.

Philosophy, ii., 28‒30, 220;
outline of European in the seventeenth century, and early part
of the eighteenth, iii., 398‒471;
Scottish, iv., 17‒142.

Physical Science, progress of, iv., 255‒271.

Picts, i., 112, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 127, 128.

Pinkerton, John, iv., 153, 154.

Pinkie, battle of, ii., 76.

Pitcairn,
Dr. Archibald, iii., 371;
Robert, iv., 163.

Plantations, nonconformists banished to, iii., 167, 168, 223.

Pont, Robert, ii., 158, 184, 382, 383.

Poor Laws, ii., 238, 239, 267;
iii., 248‒254.

Population, i., 413;
iv., 214, 495.

Postal communication, iii., 296‒296;
iv., ♦352, 356.

♦ Page numbers supplied by transcriber.

Prehistoric period,
Stone Age, i., 36, 47‒71;
stone weapons and tools, 48‒53;
modes of disposing of the dead, chambered cairns, cremation,
53‒65;
earth-houses, 65‒70;
primitive boats, 70;
Bronze Age, 71‒74, 74‒96;
bronze weapons and implements, 74‒79;
ornaments, 79‒81;
traces of dwellings, 81‒83;
crannogs, 84‒87;
hill forts, 88‒92;
cairn, and urn interment, 92‒96;
summary, 96‒104.

Prelacy, iii., 177.

Presbyterianism, ii., 166‒175, 193‒194;
iii., 68‒72, 184‒185.

Press, censorship of, ii., 84, 277, 278.

Preston, battle of, iii., 227.

Primrose, Sir Archibald, iii., 120.

Pringle, Charles, iii., 236, 237.

Printing,
introduction of, ii., 2, 25‒27, 299‒303;
development of, iv., 389‒391.

Privy Council, ii., 223, 225, 229, 248, 273, 275, 279, 281, 283,
288, 403;
iii., 18‒20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 47, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59,
62, 67, 123, 124, 128, 131, 133, 134, 136, 142, 146, 147,
148, 163, 171, 182, 192, 195.

Protestantism, history of in Scotland, ii., 149‒218.

Protests, iii., 59, 65, 67.

Protesters, iii., 109, 110, 111.

Provincial councils of the Roman Catholic clergy, i., 212, 213;
ii., 41, 42, 76, 77, 78.

Psalms, ii., 114, 342, 422.

Psalmody, iv., 426‒427.

Psychical faculties, i., 34, 35.

Psychological phenomenon, ii., 439, 441.

Psychology, ii., 30;
iii., 414‒417, 422‒430, 435, 436, 438‒444, 453‒460, 470;
iv., 20, 27‒39, 61‒68, 77‒82, 88‒96, 108‒126.

Quakers, iii., 114, 115, 256‒259.

Quarries, iv., 406, 411, 412.

Queensberry, Duke of, iii., 164, 202, 205, 210.

Quoyness, i., 59.

Raban, Edward, iii., 363.

Raeburn, Sir Henry, iv., 436‒439.

Raid of Ruthven, ii., 179‒181.

Ramorgny, Sir John, i., 322.

Ramsay,
John, i., 460;
Allan, ii., 305;
his writings, iv., 165, 166;
Allan, painter, 429‒431.

Randolph, Thomas, i., 283, 284.

Ratisbon, ii., 351.

Reader, office of, ii., 108, 174.

Reeves, Dr., i., 127, 129, 181.

Reformation,
rise of, ii., 16‒31;
eras of, 32, 85, 86;
history of, in Scotland, 38‒54, 58‒60, 67‒103, 104, 105, 149.

Reformed Church, organisation of, ii., 104‒115, 121, 122,
161‒175.

Regalities, i., 225, 226, 373, 374, 425, 426;
iii., 225.

Regality burghs, i., 234, 237, 238.

Reid,
Dr. Thomas, writings, iv., 161‒169;
General, 427, 428.

Religion,
prehistoric in Scotland, i., 58, 63, 99;
primitive, ii., 426, 428.

Renwick, James, iii., 155, 171.

Representatives of Scotland in the United Parliament, iii., 214.

Rescissory Act, iii., 122.

Resolutioners, iii., 109, 111.

Reuchlin, ii., 17, 18.

Revenue, i., 220, 221, 391.

Revocation Act of Charles I., iii., 43‒45.

Ricco, ii., 131, 132, 133, 134.

Richard, I., i., 206.

Riderch, King, i., 125.

Ripon, iii., 80, 81.

Roads, i., 256, 413;
iii., 225, 294‒296;
iv., 352‒355.

Robert I., reign of, i., 283‒303.

Robert II., reign of, i., 313‒319.

Robert III., reign of, i., 319‒324.

Robert, Prior of Scone, i., 201.

Robertson,
William, iv., 148‒150;
Joseph, 162, 163;
E. W., 163;
George C., 139‒142;
James S., 425;
Andrew, 439.

Robin Hood, i., 451.

Rollo, a Norman hero, i., 190, 191.

Rollock,
Robert, ii., 380, 381, 415, 416;
Hercules, 402.

Roman Catholic Church, ii., 3‒14;
Power of, 14‒20;
state of the clergy, 20‒23, 40‒43, 51‒77, 78, 328, 329.

Roman invasion, i., 104‒112.

Romanised tribes, i., 112, 113.

Rome, i., 45, 122, 129, 140, 341, 354, 355;
ii., 5, 20, 33, 58, 82, 103, 434, 435, 438.

Roslin, battle of, i., 275.

Ross, Earl of, i., 209, 211, 217, 264, 306, 312, 324, 325, 326,
340, 341, 348.

Ross, Lord, iii., 179.

Ross,
Alexander, iv., 170, 171;
William, 425.

Rothes, Earl of, ii., 130, 139, 150;
iii., 56, 60, 61, 120, 129, 148, 156, 165.

Rothesay, Duke of, i., 320, 321, 322, 323.

Rowll, i., 463.

Roxburgh, i., 231, 232, 245;
Castle of, 248, 264, 290, 305, 364, 383.

Roxburgh, Earl of, iii., 49, 57.

Royal Burghs, i., 233‒237, 382‒387, 397‒408.

Runic Inscriptions, i., 59, 175.

Russell, Dr. William, iv., 152.

Rutherford, Samuel, iii., 359‒362.

Rutherglen, i., 386, 409;
iii., 152.

Ruthven,
Lord, ii., 132, 133, 134, 135, 145, 158;
Master of, 219.

Ruthwell, i., 175.

Sadler, Sir Ralph, ii., 57, 65.

St. Adamnan, his life of St. Columba, i., 126, 181‒183.

St. Andrews, i., 137, 148, 200, 201, 238, 239, 277, 322, 332,
367, 387, 408, 413;
ii., 49, 66, 69, 70, 91, 96, 120, 136, 153, 199;
iii., 38, 151;
Castle of, i., 322;
ii., 49, 70, 71, 72, 73‒75;
Cathedral of, i., 249;
Bishop of, 137, 200, 209, 217, 255, 271, 281, 283, 285, 304,
340, 345, 353, 355, 360;
ii., 36, 58, 71, 77, 78, 90, 138, 154, 159, 182, 271, 380;
iii., 19, 63, 119, 124, 129, 131, 135, 147, 151;
University of, i., 466;
ii., 405‒408, 410‒413;
iii., 390, 392, 393;
iv., 136, 178, 219, 220, 224.

St. Bartholomew, massacre of, ii., 160, 161.

St. Bridget, i., 131.

St. Columba, i., 126‒131, 132‒135, 136.

St. Cuthbert, i., 125, 126.

St. Duthac, i., 436, 438.

St. Fergus, i., 439.

St. Fillan, relics of, i., 180, 439.

St. Finnian, i., 127.

St. Giles, i., 430, 431;
ii., 239.

St. Kentigern, i., 124, 125.

St. Maclou, i., 431.

St. Monance, i., 430.

St. Nicholas, i., 431;
ii., 239, 240.

St. Ninian, i., 122, 123;
shrine of, 48.

St. Regulus, i., 148.

St. Serf, monastery of, i., 455.

St. Servanus, i., 407.

Sandlands, John, i., 358.

Salt, export of, ii., 288, 289.

Sang Schools, early, i., 245, 468;
ii., 421, 422.

Sanquhar, Declaration proclaimed at, iii., 155.

Sauchie Burn, battle of, i., 352.

Saxons, i., 47, 112, 115, 116, 119, 141, 189.

Scandinavia, i., 161, 190.

Scandinavians, i., 47, 118.

Schools, i., 245, 465, 466;
ii., 398‒405;
iii., 375‒388;
iv., 224‒327.

Schrander, Dr., i., 41.

Science, progress of, ii., 384‒391;
iii., 371‒374;
iv., 255‒323.

Scolocs, i., 184.

Scone, i., 119, 121, 137, 141, 204, 209, 213, 217, 221, 241, 260,
262, 264, 283, 305, 313‒315, 319, 327, 353;
iii., 110, 223;
Monastery of, i., 201, 227, 239, 250;
ii., 94.

Scots, i., 112, 116, 118, 120, 127.

Scott of Tuschielaw, ii., 224;
John, 303, 372;
Walter, iii., 27;
Sir Walter, iv., 187‒189, 202‒204;
William B., 453.

Scrymgeour,
Alexander, i., 366;
Sir James, iii., 19.

Sculptured stones, i., 165‒174.

Seaforth, Earl of, iii., 92, 110, 222.

Selby, Sir William, iii., 21.

Security of the Kingdom, Act for, iii., 205, 206.

Segrave, Sir John, i., 275.

Selkirk, i., 356;
ii., 189;
iii., 378;
iv., 371;
forest of, i., 223, 274, 287, 343.

Semple, Robert, ii., 374.

Serfs, i., 250, 380‒382.

Seton, Sir Christopher, i., 283, 385, 453.

Seton, Lord, ii., 138.

Seton of Pitmedden, iii., 211.

Severus, his campaign, i., 110, 111.

Sharp, James, Archbishop of St. Andrews, iii., 118, 119, 120,
124, 129, 135, 137, 143, 147, 148, 151, 152.

Shawfield, iii., 218.

Sherifmuir, battle of, iii., 223.

Sheriffs, Sheriffdoms, i., 223, 261, 423‒426;
ii., 223.

Shetland Isles, i., 22, 47, 174, 185, 215, 217, 346;
ii., 60;
iv., 372.

Shipbuilding, i., 133, 240, 333, 363;
iv., 357‒363.

Shipping, i., 239, 240, 241, 391‒393;
ii., 286‒289;
iii., 300‒303;
iv., 356‒357.

Sibbald, Sir Robert, iii., 370.

Sigurd, i., 138.

Silver, ancient ornaments of, i., 177‒178.

Siward, Earl of Northumberland, i., 140.

Simpson, Sir James Y., iv., 313‒314.

Simson,
Andrew, ii., 400, 403;
Robert, iv., 260;
William, 446.

Sinclair,
Oliver, ii., 62;
Sir John, iv., 346.

Skene,
Dr. Gilbert, ii., 392, 393;
Sir John, 383, 384;
iii., 18;
Dr. William F., iv., 161.

Smith,
Adam, iv., 25, 43, 44‒59;
Alexander, 195, 196;
William R., 226, 227;
Robert A., 426.

Smollett, Dr., iv., 150, 172, 173, 199.

Social state of the People, i., 70, 71, 98‒103, 145‒157, 220‒254,
366‒440;
ii., 222‒298;
iii., 232‒335.

Solemn League and Covenant, iii., 85, 86.

Solway Firth, 21, 26, 70, 105.

Solway Moss disaster, ii., 62.

Somerled, i., 205.

Somerset,
Earl of, i., 326;
Duke of, ii., 76.

Soulis,
John, i., 271, 274, 277;
Nicholas, 256.

Southesk, Earl of, iii., 222.

Spain, i., 357, 360, 363;
ii., 18, 19, 20, 131, 191, 192.

Spear-heads,
flint, i., 50;
bronze, 76, 77.

Spense, John, ii., 138.

Spey, i., 150;
iv., 354.

Spinoza, his method and ethics, iii., 418‒432.

Spottiswood,
John, ii., 104, 108, 349, 350;
John, Archbishop, iii., 19, 26, 39, 63;
his writings, 357.

Stair, Lord, iii., 223, 232, 235, 367, 368.

Standard, battle of, i., 203, 204.

Stephen, King, i., 202, 203.

Stevenson, Professor, iv., 18, 75.

Stevenson, Robert L., iv., 211, 212.

Steward of Scotland, i., 214, 217, 218, 267, 274, 277, 292, 306,
307, 308, 309, 312, 313.

Stewart, Lord of Brechin, i., 321.

Stewart,
Sir Walter, of Jedworth, i., 321, 384;
Sir Alexander, 328;
Sir James, 338;
Duncan, 319, 320;
Sir Walter, 327;
James, 360;
Captain James, iii., 235;
William, 236.

Stewart,
Dugald, iv., 74‒84;
Matthew, 260.

Stirling, i., 83, 116, 140, 151, 209, 233, 234, 238, 264, 276,
386, 387, 391;
ii., 58, 93, 97, 99, 120, 124, 129, 140, 147, 152, 155, 179,
181, 187;
iii., 59, 62, 123, 228;
iv., 369;
castle of, i., 206, 248, 277, 278, 291, 294, 307, 338, 341,
352, 430;
ii., 140, 152, 181;
iii., 64, 228.

Stirlingshire, i., 29, 119, 121, 265;
ii., 364;
iv., 341, 342, 343, 373, 378.

Stirling, James, iv., 259, 260.

Stirling, Earl of, iii., 366.

Stone circles, i., 94‒96.

Stone weapons and tools, i., 48‒53.

Stone of Destiny, i., 119, 137, 264, 265.

Stonehaven, i., 28, 106.

Stormont, Earl of, iii., 222.

Strachan, Colonel, iii., 106.

Strafford, iii., 80.

Strathbogie, i., 140, 284;
castle of, ii., 123, 124, 202.

Strathclyde, i., 84, 85, 114, 139.

Strathern, i., 136, 138.

Strathern, Earl of, 203, 209, 213, 214, 217, 308, 317, 333.

Strathmore, i., 28.

Strathmore, Earl of, iii., 205.

Strathspey, i., 27, 207, 267.

Strathurd, lordship of, i., 378.

Succession Acts, i., 296, 313‒315;
iii., 155.

Stuart, Lord of Aubigny, i., 362.

Stuart,
John, i., 68, 69;
Dr. Gilbert, iv., 151;
Dr. John, 162.

Sugar works, iii., 330;
refining of, iv., 394, 395.

Sunday, i., 158, 439;
observance of, enforced, ii., 247, 248, 251‒254;
iii., 269‒272.

Superintendents, ii., 108.

Surrey, Earl of, i., 264, 267, 268, 270, 364.

Sutherland, Earl of, i., 306, 308, 318;
ii., 139;
iii., 53, 61.

Sutherland, James, iii., 369.

Tables, institution of, iii., 56, 57.

Tacitus, i., 106‒108.

Tactics of the Scots, i., 412.

Taverns, i., 415.

Taxes in early times, i., 149, 150, 220, 221, 251, 386‒391.

Tay, i., 27, 105, 106, 109, 110, 119, 264, 267, 287;
iv., 354.

Test Act, iii., 158, 159.

Teviotdale, i., 26.

Thane, thanage, i., 152, 251, 252.

Thrift, early laws touching, i., 128‒131.

Thomas the Rhymer, i., 446‒448.

Thomson,
James, iv., 167, 168;
Dr. Andrew, 219;
Dr. John, 309‒311;
Sir William, Lord Colvin, 266, 284;
George, 434.

Thor, ii., 436.

Thorburn, Robert, iv., 452.

Thorfinn, i., 138, 139.

Tithes, i., 243, 244;
ii., 40;
iii., 43, 44.

Todd, Dr., i., 117.

Torture, i., 276, 427;
ii., 195, 196;
iii., 134, 147, 148, 158, 177.

Torwood, i., 291;
iii., 156.

Traquair, Earl of, iii., 58, 59, 62, 77.

Trent, Council of, ii., 79‒85, 161.

Tucker, iii., 300, 301.

Tullibardine, Marquis of, iii., 222.

Tulloch, Dr. John, iv., 224, 225.

Turgot, Bishop, i., 156, 200.

Turnberry Castle, i., 286.

Turner,
Sir James, iii., 134;
William, iv., 306.

Tweed, i., 21, 138, 203, 363;
iii., 79, 86.

Tweeddale, i., 26.

Tweeddale, Marquis of, iii., 206, 210.

Tyrie, James, ii., 353, 354.

Tytler,
William, iv., 151;
Patrick F., 155.

Ulbster, i., 55.

Umfraville, Sir Ingram, i., 274.

Union of England and Scotland,
proceedings connected with, iii., 206‒215;
advantages of, 216, 217, 231.

Universities,
institution of, i., 466‒468;
changes in, ii., 405‒419;
iii., 388‒393;
iv., 327‒330.

Urns, i., 92, 93‒96.

Vane, Sir Henry, iii., 84, 85.

Veitch, John, iv., 246, 247.

Vesy, John, i., 258.

Vienne, John de, i., 316, 317.

♦Vipont, i., 294.

♦ Printed out of alphabetic order.

Vikings, i., 118.

Vitrified forts, i., 90‒92.

Wade, General, iii., 224‒225.

Wager of battle, i., 228‒229.

Wake, Lord, i., 301, 315.

Wales, i., 125, 174.

Walker,
William, iv., 197, 198;
James, 425.

Walls, Roman, i., 109, 110.

Wallace, Sir William, i., 265‒272, 277, 278‒280.

Wallace,
Adam, ii., 78;
William, iv., 253.

Wanlock, lead mine, ii., 284.

Wardlaw, Dr. Ralph, iv., 221.

Warwick, iv., 342.

Watson, Dr. Robert, iv., 152.

Watt, James, iv., 272, 274‒281.

Weapons, prehistoric, i., 49, 50, 75‒78.

Webster, Dr. Alexander, iv., 214.

Wedderburn,
Robert, ii., 319, 341;
James, 341, 343;
John, 343.

Weights and measures, i., 239, 332, 401, 402.

Wells, venerated, i., 128, 135, 260, 261.

Welsh,
John, iii., 29;
Dr., iv., 483.

Welwood, William, ii., 384, 385.

Wemyss, glass work at, iii., 315.

Westminster Assembly of Divines, iii., 85, 87‒89.

Whig, early use of the word, iii., 155, 342, 350, 351.

Whisky, ii., 192, 193;
iv., 396, 397.

White Caterthun, i., 89, 90.

William the Conqueror, i., 142, 143, 192, 193‒195, 196, 198.

William the Lion, reign of, i., 205‒209, 222, 227, 230.

William Rufus, i., 143, 196.

William of Orange, iii., 171, 173, 174‒176, 178‒180, 183‒185,
186‒190, 192, 201‒204.

Willock, John, ii., 87, 97, 98, 101, 104, 108.

Wilson,
John, iv., 105, 205, 206;
Alexander, 182.

Wine, i., 393, 394, 415, 416, 432;
ii., 292.

Winram, John, ii., 52, 104, 108, 158.

Winzet, Ninian, ii., 349‒352.

Wishart,
Bishop of Glasgow, i., 266, 273, 283, 285;
George, ii., 69;
seized and martyred, 69, 70.

Witchcraft, ii., 9, 268‒277;
iii., 259‒264.

Witherspoon, Dr. John, iv., 214, 215.

Wool, i., 240, 333, 387, 388;
ii., 290;
iii., 306, 307, 308.

Worcester, battle of, iii., 110.

Wyntoun, Andrew, i., 455, 456.

York, Duke of, iii., 156, 157, 163.

York, Archbishop of, i., 200, 201.

Young,
Peter, ii., 403;
Dr. Thomas, iv., 267.

Yule, i., 416, 417.

Zealand, i., 392.

END OF VOLUME III.