Chapter XXV: The Covenanting Struggle

⭘ Charles I. misunderstood the state of Scotland――The agitation
spreading; the Government powerless――Petitions against the
Liturgy; Meeting at Edinburgh; the King’s Answer to the
Petitions; tumultuous proceedings

⭘ A complaint against the Bishops――Energy of the Opposition
party; four Committees formed――Action of the King; Royal
proclamation――Demands of the Covenanters; the Government
perplexed; the King resolved to adhere to the Liturgy; Royal
proclamations; Protests by the Covenanters

⭘ The Crisis; the Covenant framed and adopted, and the
Covenanters assumed a new position――Signing of the Covenant;
copies of it circulated throughout the kingdom; great efforts
of the leading Covenanters

⭘ Embarrassment of the Government; the King informed of the
state of the nation――Repressive measures sanctioned; Marquis of
Hamilton’s mission to Scotland; Proceedings and demands of the
Covenanters; Hamilton’s instructions useless――Charles’ policy

⭘ Hamilton returned to Court; the King issued new instructions
――The Covenanters demanded a free General Assembly; the King’s
policy

⭘ Preparations for the General Assembly; trial of the Bishops;
Meeting of the Assembly at Glasgow; Proceedings of the Assembly
――Its Conclusion

⭘ Relation of the Covenanters with the disaffected party in
England――The Scots prepare for war; mustered an army; the
King at the head of his army advanced to meet them; a Treaty
concluded

⭘ Proceedings of the General Assembly――All the people commanded
to subscribe the Covenant――Causes of dissension continued
――Charles’ quarrel with the English Parliament――Proceedings
of the Scotch Parliament――General Assembly

⭘ The Covenanting army cross the Tweed and defeat the Royal
troops――The King’s difficulties――Negotiates with the Scots;
Charles’ visit to Scotland; he sanctioned the proceedings of
Parliament――The King’s difficulties with his English subjects

⭘ Aims of the Covenanters――Intimate relations of the Covenanters
and the English Parliamentary Party; a Solemn League and
Covenant concluded; Signing of the Covenant in England
――Theocratic ideas of the Covenanters

⭘ Westminster Assembly of Divines――Westminster Confession of
Faith adopted by the General Assembly

⭘ Government of Scotland――Royalist party in Scotland; Montrose
campaigns and victories; at last he was defeated

⭘ The King’s Cause falling in England; he fled to the Scottish
army; the English Parliament demanded his surrender but the
Scots declined――Episcopacy extinguished in England――Haggling
between the English and Scots about the pay of the Scottish
army; final settlement

⭘ The Long Parliament demanded possession of the King’s person;
the Scots were compelled to let him go――The Presbyterians
opposed to the Independents――The Scots treating with the
captive King――The engagement――The Royalists defeated at Preston
――Cromwell at Edinburgh――Execution of Charles I.――Import of the
Covenanting Struggle