Chapter XII: Mother-Kin and Mother Goddesses (7)

St. Kilda, All Saints’ Day in, ii. 80

St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, ii. 55

Saint-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 248

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, i. 307 _n._

St. Michael in Alaska, ii. 51

St. Simon and St. Jude’s day, October 28th, ii. 74

St. Vitus, festival of, i. 252

Saintonge, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69

Saints as the givers of children to women, i. 78 _sq._, 91, 109

Sais, the festival of, ii. 49 _sqq._

Sakkara, pyramids at, ii. 4

_Sal_ tree, festival of the flower of the, i. 47

Salacia and Neptune, ii. 231, 233

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, i. 145;
dynasty of Teucrids at, 145

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, i. 17

Salii, priests of Mars, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Salono, a Hindoo festival, i. 243 _n._ 1

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental
religions, i. 300

Samagitians, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, i. 16

Samaria, the fall of, i. 25

Samoa, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

Samuel consulted about asses, i. 75;
meaning of the name, 79

—— and Saul, i. 22

San Juan Capistrano, the Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, ii.
142

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, i. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, i. 41

Sandan of Tarsus, i. 124 _sqq._;
the burning of, 117 _sqq._, 126;
identified with Hercules, 125, 143, 161;
monument of, at Tarsus, 126 _n._ 2

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, i. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, i. 142 _sq._, 161

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184,
185;
a Cilician name, 182

Sandu’arri, a Cilician king, i. 144

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, i. 205

Santiago Tepehuacan, Indians of, their custom at sowing, i. 239;
their annual festival of the dead, ii. 55

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, i. 195

Sappho on the mourning for Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 2

Saracus, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sarawak, head-hunting in, i. 295 _sq._

Sardanapalus, monument of, at Tarsus, i. 126 _n._ 2;
his monument at Anchiale, 172;
the burning of, 172 _sqq._;
the effeminate, ii. 257

—— and Hercules, i. 172 _sqq._

Sardes, captured by Cyrus, i. 174;
lion carried round acropolis of, i. 184, ii. 249

Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244 _sq._

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, i. 243

Sarpedonian Artemis, i. 167, 171

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, i. 201

Saturn, the husband of Ops, ii. 233

—— and Lua, ii. 233

Saturn’s period of revolution round the sun, ii. 151 _sq._

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, ii. 218

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the,
ii. 255

Saul, burial of, i. 177 _n._ 4

—— and David, i. 21

Saul’s madness soothed by music, i. 53, 54

Savages lament for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 43 _sq._

Sâwan, Indian month, i. 242

Saxons of Transylvania, harvest custom of the, i. 238

Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, i. 16;
on name of David, 19 _n._ 2

Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, ii. 198 _n._ 1

Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, i. 238 _sq._

Schloss, Mr. Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in
Colombia, ii. 136 _n._ 4

Schwegler, A., on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 _n._ 2

Scipio, his fabulous birth, i. 81

Scorpions, Isis and the, ii. 8

Scotland, harvest custom in, i. 237

Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

Scythian king, human beings and horses sacrificed at his grave, i. 293

Scythians, their belief in immortality, i. 294;
their treatment of dead enemies, 294 _n._ 3

Sea, custom of bathing in the, on St. John’s Day or Eve, i. 246, 248

—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, their worship of serpents, i. 83;
their festivals of the dead, ii. 56 _sq._;
effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, 253, 256

—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 295 _sq._

Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, ii. 24

Seasons, magical and religious theories of the, i. 3 _sq._

Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, i. 283 _n._ 3, ii. 6

Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103 _sqq._

Sed festival in Egypt, ii. 151 _sqq._;
its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, 152
_sq._;
apparently intended to renew the king’s life by identifying him with the
dead and risen Osiris, 153 _sq._

Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dismembered after death, ii. 101, 102

Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Seler, Professor E., on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._

Seleucus, a grammarian, i. 146 _n._ 1

—— Nicator, king, i. 151

—— the Theologian, i. 146 _n._ 1

Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, i. 265

Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the five supplementary Egyptian days, ii. 6 _n._
3;
on the divinity of Shilluk kings, 161 _n._ 2;
on custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, 163

Selwanga, python-god of Baganda, i. 86

Semiramis at Hierapolis, i. 162 _n._ 2;
as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), 176 _sq._;
said to have burnt herself, 176 _sq._;
the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, ii. 258

Semites, agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, i. 26
_sq._;
sacred stocks and stones among the, 107 _sqq._;
traces of mother-kin among the, ii. 213

Semitic gods, uniformity of their type, i. 119

—— kings, the divinity of, i. 15 _sqq._;
as hereditary deities, 51

—— language, Egyptian language akin to the, ii. 161 _n._ 1

—— personal names indicating relationship to a deity, i. 51

—— worship of Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _sqq._

_Semlicka_, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74

Seneca, on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, ii. 40;
on the marriage of the Roman gods, 231;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, belief as to conception without
sexual intercourse in, i. 93 _n._ 2;
myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in the, 282 _n._ 2

Senegambia, the Mandingoes of, ii. 141

Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem, i. 25;
said to have built Tarsus, 173 _n._ 4

Separation of Earth and Sky, myth of the, i. 283

Serapeum at Alexandria, ii. 119 _n._;
its destruction, 217

Serapis, the later form of Osiris, ii. 119 _n._;
the rise of the Nile attributed to, 216 _sq._;
the standard cubit kept in his temple, 217

Serpent as the giver of children, i. 86;
at rites of initiation, 90 _n._ 4

—— -god married to human wives, i. 66 _sqq._;
thought to control the crops, 67

Serpents reputed the fathers of human beings, i. 80 _sqq._;
as embodiments of Aesculapius, 80 _sq._;
worshipped in Mysore, 81 _sq._;
as reincarnations of the dead, 82 _sqq._;
fed with milk, 84 _sqq._, 87;
thought to have knowledge of life-giving plants, 186;
souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 163, 173

Servius, on the death of Attis, i. 264 _n._ 4;
on the marriage of Orcus, ii. 231;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

—— Tullius, begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Sesostris, so-called monument of, i. 185

Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, ii. 6;
murders Osiris, 7 _sq._;
accuses Osiris before the gods, 17;
brings a suit of bastardy against Horus, 17;
his combat with Horus, 17;
reigns over Upper Egypt, 17;
torn in pieces, 98.
_See also_ Typhon

Sety I., King of Egypt, ii. 108

Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, his human wives, i. 71

—— Semitic god, i. 16 _n._ 1

Shamashshumukin, King of Babylon, burns himself, i. 173 _sq._, 176

Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, i. 177 _n._ 1

Shans of Burma, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198;
cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, ii. 136

Shark-shaped hero, i. 139 _n._ 1

Sheaf, the first cut, ii. 239

Sheep to be shorn when the moon is waxing, ii. 134;
to be shorn in the waning of the moon, 134 _n._ 3

_Sheitan dere_, the Devil’s Glen, in Cilicia, i. 150

Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, ii. 88

Shifting dates of Egyptian festivals, ii. 24 _sq._

Shilluk kings put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

Shilluks, their worship of dead kings, ii. 161 _sq._;
their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, 162 _sqq._

Shoulders of medicine-men especially sensitive, i. 74 _n._ 4

Shouting as a means of stopping earthquakes, i. 197 _sqq._

Shropshire, feast of All Souls in, ii. 78

Shu, Egyptian god of light, i. 283 _n._ 3

Shuswap Indians of British Columbia eat nutlets of pines, i. 278 _n._ 2

Siam, catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, i. 179;
annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Siao, children sacrificed to volcano in, i. 219

Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Sibyl, the Grotto of the, at Marsala, i. 247

Sibylline Books, i. 265

Sicily, Syrian prophet in, i. 74;
fossil bones in, 157;
hot springs in, 213;
gardens of Adonis in, 245, 253 _sq._;
divination at Midsummer in, 254;
Good Friday ceremonies in, 255 _sq._

Sick people resort to cave of Pluto, i. 205 _sq._

Sicyon, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81

Sidon, kings of, as priests of Astarte, i. 26

_Siem_, king, among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 210 _n._ 1

Sigai, hero in form of shark, i. 139 _n._ 1

Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, ii. 246

Sinai, “Mistress of Turquoise” at, i. 35

Sinews of sacrificial ox cut, ii. 252

Sins, the remission of, through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Sinsharishkun, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sipylus, Mother Plastene on Mount, i. 185

Siriac or Sothic period, ii. 36

Sirius (the Dog-star), observed by Egyptian astronomers, ii. 27;
called Sothis by the Egyptians, 34;
date of its rising in ancient Egypt, 34;
heliacal rising of, on July 20th, 34 _n._ 1, 93;
its rising marked the beginning of the sacred Egyptian year, 35;
its rising observed in Ceos, 35 _n._ 1;
sacrifices offered at its rising on the top of Mount Pelion, 36 _n._

—— the star of Isis, ii. 34, 119;
in connexion with the Sed festival, 152 _sq._

Sis in Cilicia, i. 144

Sister of a god, i. 51

Sisters, kings marry their, i. 316

Sizu in Cilicia, i. 144

Skin, bathing in dew at Midsummer as remedy for diseases of the, i. 247,
248;
of ox stuffed and set up, 296 _sq._;
body of Egyptian dead placed in a bull’s, ii. 15 _n._ 2;
of sacrificial victim used in the rite of the new birth, 155 _sq._

Skinner, Principal J., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219

Skins of human victims, uses made of, i. 293;
of horses stuffed and set up at graves, 293, 294

Skull, drinking out of a king’s, in order to be inspired by his spirit,
ii. 171

Sky conceived by the Egyptians as a cow, i. 283 _n._ 3

—— and earth, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

—— -god, Attis as a, i. 282 _sqq._;
married to Earth-goddess, 282, with _n._ 2;
mutilation of the, 283

Slaughter of prisoners often a sacrifice to the gods, i. 290 _n._ 2

Slave Coast of West Africa, sacred men and women on the, i. 65, 68;
Ewe-speaking peoples of the, 83 _n._ 1

Slaves, sacred, in Western Asia, i. 39 _n._ 1

Slaying of the Dragon by Apollo at Delphi, ii. 240 _sq._

Sleep of the god in winter, ii. 41

Smell, evil, used to avert demons, ii. 261

Smeroe, Mount, volcano in Java, i. 221

Smith, George Adam, on fertility of Bethlehem, i. 257 _n._ 3

Smith, W. Robertson, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on anointing as consecration, 21 _n._ 3;
on Baal as god of fertility, 26 _sq._;
on caves in Semitic religion, 169 _n._ 3;
on Tophet, 177 _n._ 4;
on the predominance of goddesses over gods in early Semitic religion,
ii. 213;
on the sacrifice of children to Moloch, 220 _n._ 1

Smoking as a mode of inducing inspiration, ii. 172

Snake-entwined goddess found at Gournia, i. 88

Snakes as fathers of human beings, i. 82;
fed with milk, 84 _sqq._
_See also_ Serpents

Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, ii. 100

Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, ii. 123

_Sochit_ or _Sochet_, epithet of Isis, ii. 117

Society, ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the
individual to the community, i. 300

Socrates (church historian) on sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2

Söderblom, N., on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, ii. 83
_n._ 2

Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, i. 222 _n._ 1

Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202
_n._ 1

Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, ii. 87

_Sol invictus_, i. 304 _n._ 1

_Solanum campylanthum_, ii. 47

Solomon, King, puts Adoni-jah to death, i. 51 _n._ 2

——, the Baths of, i. 78;
in Moab, 215 _sq._

Solstice, the summer, the Nile rises at the, ii. 31 _n._ 1, 33

——, the winter, reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;
Egyptian ceremony at, ii. 50

Somali, marriage custom of the, ii. 246, 247

Son of a god, i. 51

Sons of God, i. 78 _sqq._

Sophocles on the burning of Hercules, i. 111

Sorcerers or priests, order of effeminate, ii. 253 _sqq._

Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, ii. 41

Sothic or Siriac period, ii. 36

Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, ii. 34.
_See_ Sirius

Soul of a tree in a bird, ii. 111 _n._ 1;
of the rice in the first sheaf cut, 239

“—— of Osiris,” a bird, ii. 110

—— -cakes eaten at the feast of All Souls in Europe, ii. 70, 71 _sq._, 73,
78 _sqq._

“Souling,” custom of, on All Souls’ Day in England, ii. 79

“—— Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78

Souls of the dead, reincarnation of the, i. 91 _sqq._;
brought back among the Gonds, 95 _sq._

——, feasts of All, ii. 51 _sqq._

South Slavs, devices of women to obtain offspring, i. 96;
marriage customs of, ii. 246

Sowers and ploughmen drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 _sq._

Sowing, Prussian custom at, i. 238 _sq._;
rites of, ii. 40 _sqq._

—— and ploughing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87, 90, 96;
and planting, regulated by the phases of the moon, 133 _sqq._

Sozomenus, church historian, on sacred prostitution, i. 37

Spain, bathing on St. John’s Eve in, i. 248

Sparta destroyed by an earthquake, i. 196 _n._ 4

Spartans, their attempt to stop an earthquake, i. 196

—— their flute-band, i. 196

—— their uniform red, i. 196

—— at Thermopylae, i. 197 _n._ 1

—— their regard for the full moon, ii. 141

—— their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, ii. 260

Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, i. 100 _n._ 3

Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., on Australian belief in conception without
sexual intercourse, i. 99

Spermus, king of Lydia, i. 183

Spieth, J., on the Ewe peoples, i. 70 _n._ 2

Spirit animals supposed to enter women and be born from them, i. 97 _sq._

—— -children left by ancestors, i. 100 _sq._

Spirits supposed to consort with women, i. 91;
of ancestors in the form of animals, 83;
of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, ii. 38

—— of dead chiefs worshipped by the whole tribe, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179,
181 _sq._, 187;
thought to control the rain, 188;
prophesy through living men and women, 192 _sq._;
reincarnated in animals, 193.
_See also_ Ancestral spirits

Spring called Persephone, ii. 41

Springs, worship of hot, i. 206 _sqq._;
bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 247, 248, 249

Staffordshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79

Standard, Egyptian, resembling a placenta, ii. 156 _n._ 1

Stanikas, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63

Star of Bethlehem, i. 259

—— of Salvation, i. 258

—— -spangled cap of Attis, i. 284

Steinn in Hringariki, barrow of Halfdan at, ii. 100

_Stella Maris_, an epithet of the Virgin Mary, ii. 119

Stengel, P., on sacrificial ritual of Eleusis, i. 292 _n._ 3

Stlatlum Indians of British Columbia respect the animals and plants which
they eat, ii. 44

Stocks, sacred, among the Semites, i. 107 _sqq._

Stones, holed, custom of passing through, i. 36;
to commemorate the dead, ii. 203

——, sacred, anointed, i. 36;
among the Semites, 107 _sqq._;
among the Khasis, 108 _n._ 1

Strabo, on the concubines of Ammon, i. 72;
on Albanian moon-god, 73 _n._ 4;
on Castabala, 168 _n._ 6;
his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, 193;
on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, 195;
his description of Rhodes, 195 _n._ 3;
on Nysa, 206 _n._ 1;
on the priests of Pessinus, 286

Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, i. 270 _n._ 2;
rule as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227 _sq._

String music in religion, i. 54

Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said to be governed by a woman, ii. 211
_n._ 2

Subordination of the individual to the community, the principle of ancient
society, i. 300

Substitutes for human sacrifices, i. 146 _sq._, 219 _sq._, 285, 289, ii.
99, 221

Succession to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), i. 44, ii. 18,
210 _n._ 1

Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

_Suffetes_ of Carthage, i. 116

Sugar-bag totem, i. 101

Suicides, custom observed at graves of, i. 93;
ghosts of, feared, 292 _n._ 3

Suk, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85

Sulla at Aedepsus, i. 212

Sumatra, the Bataks of, i. 199, ii. 239;
the Loeboes of, 264

Sumba, East Indian island, annual festival of the New Year and of the dead
in, ii. 55 _sq._

Sumerians, their origin and civilization, i. 7 _sq._

Summer on the Mediterranean rainless, i. 159 _sq._

—— called Aphrodite, ii. 41

—— festival of Adonis, i. 226, 232 _n._

Sun, temple of the, at Baalbec, i. 163;
Adonis interpreted as the, 228;
the Nativity of the, at the winter solstice, 303 _sqq._;
Osiris interpreted as the, ii. 120 _sqq._;
called “the eye of Horus,” 121;
worshipped in Egypt, 122, 123 _sqq._;
the power of regeneration ascribed to the, 143 _n._ 4;
salutations to the rising, 193

—— and earth, annual marriage of, i. 47 _sq._

—— -god annually married to Earth-goddess, i. 47 _sq._;
the Egyptian, ii. 123 _sqq._;
hymns to the, 123 _sq._

—— -goddess of the Hittites, i. 133 _n._

—— the Unconquered, Mithra identified with, i. 304

Superiority of the goddess in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201
_sq._;
of goddesses over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, 202 _sqq._;
legal, of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Supplementary days, five, in the Egyptian year, ii. 6;
in the ancient Mexican year, 28 _n._ 3;
in the old Iranian year, 67, 68

Supreme gods in Africa, ii. 165, 173 _sq._, 174, 186, with note 5, 187
_n._ 1, 188 _sq._, 190

_Swastika_, i. 122 _n._ 1

Sweden, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;
Midsummer bride and bridegroom in, 251;
kings of, answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;
marriage custom in, to ensure the birth of a boy, 262

“Sweethearts of St. John” in Sardinia, i. 244 _sq._

Swine not eaten by people of Pessinus, i. 265;
not eaten by worshippers of Adonis, 265;
not allowed to enter Comana in Pontus, 265.
_See also_ Pigs

Sword, girls married to a, i. 61

Sycamore, effigy of Osiris placed on boughs of, ii. 88, 110;
sacred to Osiris, 110

Syene (Assuan), inscriptions at, ii. 35 _n._ 1

Symbolism, coarse, of Osiris and Dionysus, ii. 112, 113

Symmachus, on the festival of the Great Mother, i. 298

Syracuse, the Blue Spring at, i. 213 _n._ 1

Syria, Adonis in, i. 13 _sqq._;
“holy men” in, 77 _sq._;
hot springs resorted to by childless women in, 213 _sqq._;
subject to earthquakes, 222 _n._ 1;
the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;
turning money at the new moon in, ii. 149

Syrian god Hadad, i. 15

—— peasants believe that women can conceive without sexual intercourse, i.
91

—— women apply to saints for offspring, i. 109

—— writer on the reasons for assigning Christmas to the twenty-fifth of
December, i. 304 _sq._

Tâ-uz (Tammuz), mourned by Syrian women in Harran, i. 230

Taanach, burial of children in jars at, i. 109 _n._ 1

Tacitus as to German observation of the moon, ii. 141

Taenarum in Laconia, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 _n._ 2

Talaga Bodas, volcano in Java, i. 204

Talbot, P. Amaury, on self-mutilation, i. 270 _n._ 1

Talismans, crowns and wreaths as, ii. 242 _sq._

Tamarisk, sacred to Osiris, ii. 110 _sq._

Tami, the, of German New Guinea, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Tamil temples, dancing-girls in, i. 61

Tamirads, diviners, i. 42

Tammuz, i. 6 _sqq._;
equivalent to Adonis, 6 _n._ 1;
his worship of Sumerian origin, 7 _sq._;
meaning of the name, 8;
“true son of the deep water,” 8, 246;
laments for, 9 _sq._;
the month of, 10 _n._ 1, 230;
mourned for at Jerusalem, 11, 17, 20;
as a corn-spirit, 230;
his bones ground in a mill and scattered to the wind, 230

—— and Ishtar, i. 8 _sq._

Tangkul Nagas of Assam, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 57 _sqq._

Tanjore, dancing-girls at, i. 61

Tantalus murders his son Pelops, i. 181

Tark, Tarku, Trok, Troku, syllables in names of Cilician priests, i. 144;
perhaps the name of a Hittite deity, 147;
perhaps the name of the god of Olba, 148, 165

Tarkimos, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarkondimotos, name of two Cilician kings, i. 145 _n._ 2

Tarkuaris, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145;
priestly king of Olba, 145

Tarkudimme or Tarkuwassimi, name on Hittite seal, i. 145 _n._ 2

Tarkumbios, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarsus, climate and fertility of, i. 118;
school of philosophy at, 118;
Sandan and Baal at, 142 _sq._, 161;
priesthood of Hercules at, 143;
Fortune of the City on coins of, 164;
divine triad at, 171

——, the Baal of, i. 117 _sqq._, 162 _sq._

——, Sandan of, i. 124 _sqq._

_Tat_ or _tatu_ pillar. _See_ _Ded_ pillar

Tate, H. R., on serpent-worship, i. 85

Tattoo-marks of priests, i. 74 _n._ 4

Taurians of the Crimea, their use of the heads of prisoners, i. 294

_Taurobolium_ in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 _sqq._;
or _Tauropolium_, 275 _n._ 1

Taurus mountains, i. 120

Tears of Isis thought to swell the Nile, ii. 33;
rain thought to be the tears of gods, 33

Tegea, tombstones at, i. 87

Telamon, father of Teucer, i. 145

Tell-el-Amarna letters, i. 16 _n._ 5, 21 _n._ 2, 135 _n._;
the new capital of King Amenophis IV., ii. 123 _n._ 1, 124, 125

Tell Ta’annek (Taanach), burial of children in jars at, i. 109 _n._ 1

Tempe, the Vale of, ii. 240

Temple-tombs of kings, ii. 161 _sq._, 167 _sq._, 170 _sqq._, 174, 194
_sq._

Temples of dead kings, ii. 161 _sq._, 167 _sq._, 170 _sqq._, 194 _sq._

Tenggereese of Java sacrifice to volcano, i. 220

Tentyra (Denderah), temple of Osiris at, ii. 86

Ternate, the sultan of, his sacrifice of human victims to a volcano, i.
220

Tertullian on the fasts of Isis and Cybele, i. 302 _n._ 4;
on the date of the Crucifixion, 306 _n._ 5

Teshub or Teshup, name of Hittite god, i. 135 _n._, 148 _n._

Teso, the, of Central Africa, medicine-men dressed as women among the, ii.
257

Testicles of rams in the rites of Attis, i. 269 _n._;
of bull used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276

Têt, New Year festival in Annam, ii. 62

_Tet_ pillar. _See_ _Ded_ pillar

Teti, king of Egypt, ii. 5

Teucer, said to have instituted human sacrifice, i. 146

—— and Ajax, names of priestly kings of Olba, i. 144 _sq._, 148, 161

Teucer, son of Tarkuaris, priestly king of Olba, i. 151, 157

——, son of Telamon, founds Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145

——, son of Zenophanes, high-priest of Olbian Zeus, i. 151

Teucrids, dynasty at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145

Teutonic year reckoned from October 1st, ii. 81

Thargelion, an Attic month, ii. 239 _n._ 1

Theal, G. McCall, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii. 176
_sq._

Theban priests, their determination of the solar year, ii. 26

Thebes in Boeotia, stone lion at, i. 184 _n._ 3;
festival of the Laurel-bearing at, ii. 241

—— in Egypt, temple of Ammon at, i. 72;
the Memnonium at, ii. 35 _n._;
the Valley of the Kings at, 90

Theias, a Syrian king, i. 43 _n._ 4;
father of Adonis, 55 _n._ 4

Theism late in human history, ii. 41

Theocracy in the Pelew Islands, tendency to, ii. 208

Theopompus on the names of the seasons, ii. 41

Thera, worship of the Mother of the Gods in, i. 280 _n._ 1

Thermopylae, the Spartans at, i. 197 _n._ 1;
the hot springs of, 210 _sqq._

Thesmophoria, i. 43 _n._ 4;
sacrifice to serpents at the, 88;
pine-cones at the, 278;
fast of the women at the, ii. 40 _sq._

Thetis and her infant son, i. 180

Thirty years, the Sed festival held nominally at intervals of, ii. 151

Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Africa, their belief in serpents as
reincarnations of the dead, i. 82;
their presentation of infants to the moon, ii. 144 _sq._;
worship of the dead among the, 180 _sq._

—— chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104 _sq._

Thongs, legends as to new settlements enclosed by, ii. 249 _sq._

Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, ii. 7, 17;
teaches Isis a spell to restore the dead to life, 8;
restores the eye of Horus, 17

Thoth, the first month of the Egyptian year, ii. 36, 93 _sqq._

Thracian villages, custom at Carnival in, ii. 99 _sq._

Threshing corn by oxen, ii. 45

Threshold, burial of infants under the, i. 93 _sq._

Thucydides on military music, i. 196 _n._ 3;
on the sailing of the fleet for Syracuse, 226 _n._ 4

Θύειν distinguished from ἐναγίζειν, i. 316 _n._ 1

Thunder and lightning, sacrifices to, i. 157;
the Syrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite god of, 163 _sq._

—— -god of the Hittites, with a bull and an axe as his emblems, i. 134
_sqq._

—— totem, i. 101

Thunderbolt, as emblem of Hittite god, i. 134, 136;
as divine emblem, 163

—— and ears of corn, emblem of god Hadad, i. 163

Thurston, Edgar, on dancing-girls in India, i. 62

Thyatira, hero Tyrimnus at, i. 183 _n._

Thymbria, sanctuary of Charon at, i. 205

Tiberius, the Emperor, persecuted the Egyptian religion, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Tibullus, on the rising of Sirius, ii. 34 _n._ 1

Tiele, C. P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 _n._ 1;
on the death of Saracus, 174 _n._ 2;
on Isis, ii. 115;
on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2

Tiger’s ghost, deceiving a, ii. 263

Tiglath-Pileser III., king of Assyria, i. 14, 16, 163 _n._ 3

Tii, Egyptian queen, mother of Amenophis IV., ii. 123 _n._ 1

Tille, A., on beginning of Teutonic winter, ii. 81 _n._ 3

Timber felled in the waning of the moon, ii. 133, 135 _sq._, 137

Timor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 197

Timotheus, on the death of Attis, i. 264 _n._ 4

Tiru-kalli-kundram, dancing-girls at, i. 61

Titane, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81

_Tobolbel_, in the Pelew Islands, ii. 266

Tod, J., on rites of goddess Gouri, i. 241 _sq._

Todas of the Neilgherry Hills, custom as to the pollution of death
observed by sacred dairyman among the, ii. 228

Togo-land, West Africa, the Ewe people of, i. 282 _n._ 2;
the Ho tribe of, ii. 104

Tomb of Midas, i. 286;
of Hyacinth, 314

Tombs of the kings of Uganda, ii. 168 _sq._;
of kings sacred, 194 _sq._

Tongans, their theory of an earthquake, i. 200 _sq._

Tongue of sacrificial ox cut out, ii. 251 _sq._

Tonquin, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 62

Tophet, at Jerusalem, i. 177

Toradjas of Central Celebes, their theory of rain, ii. 33

Torres Straits Islands, worship of animal-shaped heroes in the, i. 139
_n._ 1;
death-dances in the, ii. 53 _n._ 2

Totemism in Kiziba, ii. 173, 174 _n._ 1

Toulon, Midsummer custom at, i. 248 _sq._

Town, charm to protect a, ii. 249 _sqq._

Tozer, H. F., on Mount Argaeus, i. 191

Traditions of kings torn in pieces, ii. 97 _sq._

Tralles in Lydia, i. 38

Transference of Egyptian festivals from one month to the preceding month,
ii. 92 _sqq._

Transformation of men into women, attempted, in obedience to dreams, ii.
255 _sqq._;
of women into men, attempted, 255 _n._ 1

Transition from mother-kin to father-kin, ii. 261 _n._ 3

Transylvania, harvest customs among the Roumanians and Saxons of, i. 237
_sq._

Travancore, dancing-girls in, i. 63 _sqq._

Treason, old English punishment of, i. 290 _n._ 2

Tree decked with bracelets, anklets, etc., i. 240;
soul of a, in a bird, ii. 111 _n._ 1

—— of life in Eden, i. 186 _n._ 4

—— -bearers (_Dendrophori_) in the worship of Cybele and Attis, i. 266
_n._ 2, 267

—— -spirit, Osiris as a, ii. 107 _sqq._

Trees, spirit-children awaiting birth in, i. 100;
sacrificial victims hung on, 146;
represented on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110 _sq._;
felled in the waning of the moon, 133, 135 _sq._, 137;
growing near the graves of dead kings revered, 162, 164

—— and rocks, Greek belief as to birth from, i. 107 _n._ 1

Triad, divine, at Tarsus, i. 171

Trident, emblem of Hittite thunder-god, i. 134, 135;
emblem of Indian deity, 170

Tristram, H. B., on date of the corn-reaping in Palestine, i. 232 _n._

Trobriands, the, i. 84

Trokoarbasis, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Trokombigremis, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

“True of speech,” epithet of Osiris, ii. 21

Trumpets, blowing of, in the rites of Attis, i. 268

Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, dedicated men and women among
the, i. 69 _sq._;
ordeal of chastity among the, 115 _n._ 2;
their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66 _n._ 2

_Tubilustrium_ at Rome, i. 268 _n._ 1

Tulava, sacred prostitution in, i. 63

Tully River, in Queensland, belief of the natives as to conception without
sexual intercourse, i. 102

Tum of Heliopolis, an Egyptian sun-god, ii. 123

Turner, George, on sacred stones, i. 108 _n._ 1

“Turquoise, Mistress of,” at Sinai, i. 53

Tusayan Indians, their custom at planting, i. 239

Tuscany, volcanic district of, i. 208 _n._ 1

Tusser, Thomas, on planting peas and beans, ii. 134

Twin, the navel-string of the King of Uganda called his Twin, ii. 147

Twins, precautions taken by women at the graves of, i. 93 _n._ 1

Two-headed deity, i. 165 _sq._

Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 _n._ 1

Tybi, an Egyptian month, ii. 93 _n._ 2

Tylon or Tylus, a Lydian hero, i. 183;
his death and resurrection, 186 _sq._

Tylor, Sir Edward B., on fossil bones as a source of myths, i. 157 _sq._;
on names for father and mother, 281

Typhon slays Hercules, i. 111;
Corycian cave of, 155 _sq._;
his battle with the gods, 193, 194

—— and Zeus, battle of, i. 156 _sq._

——, or Set, the brother of Osiris, ii. 6;
murders Osiris, 7 _sq._;
and mangles his body, 10;
interpreted as the sun, 129.
_See also_ Set

Tyre, Melcarth at, i. 16;
burning of Melcarth at, 110 _sq._;
festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at, 111;
king of, his walk on stones of fire, 114 _sq._

——, kings of, their divinity, i. 16;
as priests of Astarte, 26

Tyrimnus, axe-bearing hero at Thyatira, i. 183 _n._

Tyrol, feast of All Souls in the, ii. 73 _sq._

Tyropoeon, ravine at Jerusalem, i. 178

Ucayali River, the Conibos of the, i. 198;
their greetings to the new moon, ii. 142

Uganda, the country of the Baganda, ii. 167;
temples of the dead kings of, 167, 168 _sq._, 170 _sqq._;
human sacrifices offered to prolong the lives of the kings of, 223
_sqq._
_See also_ Baganda

Uncle, dead, worshipped, ii. 175

——, maternal, in marriage ceremonies in India, i. 62 _n._ 1

Uncleanness caused by contact with the dead, ii. 227 _sqq._

Unconquered Sun, Mithra identified with the, i. 304

Unis, king of Egypt, ii. 5

Unkulunkulu, “the Old-Old-one,” the first man in the traditions of the
Zulus, ii. 182

Unnefer, “the Good Being,” a title of Osiris, ii. 12

“Unspoken water” in marriage rites, ii. 245 _sq._

Upsala, human sacrifices in the holy grove at, i. 289 _sq._, ii. 220;
the reign of Frey at, 100

Up-uat, Egyptian jackal-god, ii. 154

Uranus castrated by Cronus, i. 283

Uri-melech or Adom-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14

Usirniri, temple of, at Busiris, ii. 151

Valesius, on the standard Egyptian cubit, ii. 217 _n._ 1

Vallabha, an Indian sect, men assimilated to women in the, ii. 254

Valley of Hinnom, sacrifices to Moloch, in the, i. 178

—— of the Kings at Thebes, ii. 90

—— of Poison, in Java, i. 203 _sq._

Vancouver Island, the Ahts of, ii. 139 _n._ 1

Vapours, worship of mephitic, i. 203 _sqq._

Varro, on the marriage of the Roman gods, ii. 230 _sq._, 236 _n._ 1;
his derivation of _Dialis_ from Jove, 230 _n._ 2;
on Salacia, 233;
on Fauna or the Good Goddess, 234 _n._ 4

Vase-painting of Croesus on the pyre, i. 176

Vatican, worship of Cybele and Attis on the site of the, i. 275 _sq._

Vegetable and animal life associated in primitive mind, i. 5

Vegetation, mythical theory of the growth and decay of, i. 3 _sqq._;
annual decay and revival of, represented dramatically in the rites of
Adonis, 227 _sqq._;
gardens of Adonis charms to promote the growth of, 236 _sq._, 239;
Midsummer fires and couples in relation to, 250 _sq._;
Attis as a god of, 277 _sqq._;
Osiris as a god of, ii. 112, 126, 131, 158

“Veins of the Nile,” near Philae, ii. 40

Venus, the planet, identified with Astarte, i. 258, ii. 35

—— and Vulcan, ii. 231

Venus, the bearded, in Cyprus, ii. 259 _n._ 3

Vernal festival of Adonis, i. 226

Verrall, A. W., on the _Anthesteria_, i. 235 _n._ 1

Vertumnus and Pomona, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Vestal Virgin, mother of Romulus and Remus, ii. 235

—— Virgins, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Vicarious sacrifices for kings, ii. 220 _sq._

Vicarious and nutritive types of sacrifice, ii. 226

Victims, sacrificial, hung on trees, i. 146

Victoria Nyanza Lake, Mukasa the god of the, ii. 257

Victory, temple of, on the Palatine Hill at Rome, i. 265

Viehe, Rev. G., on the worship of the dead among the Herero, ii. 187 _n._
1

Vine, the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, ii. 7, 112

Vintage festival, Oschophoria, at Athens, ii. 258 _n._ 6

—— rites at Athens, ii. 238

Violets sprung from the blood of Attis, i. 267

Virbius or Dianus at Nemi, i. 45

Virgin, the Heavenly, mother of the Sun, i. 303

—— birth of Perseus, i. 302 _n._ 4

—— Mary and Isis, ii. 118 _sq._

—— Mother, the Phrygian Mother Goddess as a, i. 281

—— mothers, tales of, i. 264;
of gods and heroes, 107

Virginity, sacrifice of, i. 60;
recovered by bathing in a spring, 280

Virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain food, i. 96

Virility, sacrifice of, in the rites of Attis and Astarte, i. 268 _sq._,
270 _sq._;
other cases of, 270 _n._ 2

Vitrolles, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Viza, in Thrace, Carnival custom at, ii. 91

Volcanic region of Cappadocia, i. 189 _sqq._

—— religion, i. 188 _sqq._

Volcanoes, the worship of, i. 216 _sqq._;
human victims thrown into, 219 _sq._

Vosges, the Upper, rule as to the shearing of sheep in, ii. 134 _n._ 3

—— Mountains, feast of All Souls in the, ii. 69

Votiaks of Russia, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 76 _sq._

Voyage in boats of papyrus in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88

Vulcan, the fire-god, father of Caeculus, ii. 235

——, the husband of Maia or Majestas, ii. 232 _sq._;
his Flamen, 232

—— and Venus, ii. 231

Wabisa, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, ii. 174

Wabondei, of Eastern Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of
the dead, i. 82;
their rule as to the cutting of posts for building, ii. 137

Wachsmuth, C., on Easter ceremonies in the Greek Church, i. 254

Wagogo, the, of German East Africa, their ceremony at the new moon, ii.
143

Wahehe, a Bantu tribe of German East Africa, the worship of the dead among
the, ii. 188 _sqq._;
their belief in a supreme god Nguruhe, 188 _sq._

Wailing of women for Adonis, i. 224

Wajagga of German East Africa, their way of appeasing ghosts of suicides,
i. 292 _n._ 3;
their human sacrifices at irrigation, ii. 38

Wales, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79

Wallachia, harvest custom in, i. 237

Wamara, a worshipful dead king, ii. 174

Waning of the moon, theories to account for the, ii. 130;
time for felling timber, 135 _sqq._

War, sacrifice of a blind bull before going to, ii. 250 _sq._

—— -dance of king before the ghosts of his ancestors, ii. 192

Warner, Mr., on Caffre ideas about lightning, ii. 177 _n._ 1

Warramunga of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 100;
their tradition of purification by fire, 180 _n._ 2

Warts supposed to be affected by the moon, ii. 149

Water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 _sq._;
marvellous properties attributed to, at Midsummer (the festival of St.
John), 246 _sqq._;
prophetic, drunk on St. John’s Eve, 247

—— of Life, i. 9

Waterbrash, a Huzul cure for, ii. 149 _sq._

Wave accompanying earthquake, i. 202 _sq._

Weaning of children, belief as to the, in Angus, ii. 148

Weavers, caste of, i. 62

Weeks, Rev. J. H., on inconsistency of savage thought, i. 5 _n._;
on the names for the supreme god among many tribes of Africa, ii. 186
_n._ 5

_Wellalaick_, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74

Wen-Ammon, Egyptian traveller, i. 14, 75 _sq._

West, Oriental religions in the, i. 298 _sqq._

Westermann, D., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 165

Whalers, their bodies cut up and used as charms, ii. 106

Wheat forced for festival, i. 243, 244, 251 _sq._, 253

—— and barley, the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, ii. 7;
discovered by Isis, 116

Whip made of human skin used in ceremonies for the prolongation of the
king’s life, ii. 224, 225

Whitby, All Souls’ Day at, ii. 79

White, Rev. G. E., on dervishes of Asia Minor, i. 170

White, Miss Rachel Evelyn (Mrs. Wedd), on the position of women in ancient
Egypt, ii. 214 _n._ 1, 216 _n._ 1

White the colour of Upper Egypt, ii. 21 _n._ 1

—— birds, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

—— bull, soul of a dead king incarnate in a, ii. 164

—— Crown of Upper Egypt, ii. 20, 21 _n._ 1;
worn by Osiris, 87

—— roses dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226

Whydah, King of, his worship of serpents, i. 67;
serpents fed at, 86 _n._ 1

Wicked after death, fate of the, in Egyptian religion, ii. 14

Widow-burning in Greece, i. 177 _n._ 3

Widowed Flamen, the, ii. 227 _sqq._

Wiedemann, Professor A., on Wen-Ammon, i. 76 _n._ 1;
on the Egyptian name of Isis, ii. 50 _n._ 4

Wigtownshire, harvest custom in, i. 237 _n._ 4

Wiimbaio tribe of South-Eastern Australia, their medicine-men, i. 75 _n._
4

Wilkinson, Sir J. G., on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 91 _n._ 3

Wilson, C. T., and R. W. Felkin, on the worship of the dead kings of
Uganda, ii. 173 _n._ 2

Winckler, H., his excavations at Boghaz-Keui, i. 125 _n._, 135 _n._

Winged deities, i. 165 _sq._

—— disc as divine emblem, i. 132

Winnowing-fans, ashes of human victims scattered by, ii. 97, 106

Winter called Cronus, ii. 41

—— sleep of the god, ii. 41

—— solstice reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;
Egyptian ceremony at the, ii. 50

Wissowa, Professor G., on introduction of Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 267
_n._;
on Orcus, ii. 231 _n._ 5;
on Ops and Consus, 233 _n._ 6;
on the marriage of the Roman gods, 236 _n._ 1

Wives of dead kings sacrificed at their tombs, ii. 168

Wives, human, of gods, i. 61 _sqq._, ii. 207;
in Western Asia and Egypt, 70 _sqq._

Wiwa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193

Wogait, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation,
i. 103

Woman feeding serpent in Greek art, i. 87 _sq._;
as inspired prophetess of a god, ii. 257

Woman’s dress assumed by men to deceive dangerous spirits, ii. 262 _sq._

Women pass through holed stones as cure for barrenness, i. 36, with _n._
4;
impregnated by dead saints, 78 _sq._;
impregnated by serpents, 80 _sqq._;
fear to be impregnated by ghosts, 93;
impregnated by the flower of the banana, 93;
excluded from sacrifices to Hercules, 113 _n._ 1;
their high importance in the social system of the Pelew Islanders, ii.
205 _sqq._;
the cultivation of the staple food in the hands of women (Pelew
Islands), 206 _sq._;
their social importance increased by the combined influence of
mother-kin and landed property, 209;
their legal superiority to men in ancient Egypt, 214;
impregnated by fire, 235;
priests dressed as, 253 _sqq._;
dressed as men, 255 _n._ 1, 257;
excluded from sacrifices to Hercules, 258 _n._ 5;
dressed as men at marriage, 262 _sqq._;
dressed as men at circumcision, 263.
_See also_ Barrenness, Childless, _and_ Sacred Women

—— as prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._;
inspired by gods, 207

——, living, regarded as the wives of dead kings, ii. 191, 192;
reputed the wives of gods, 207

Women’s hair, sacrifice of, i. 38

_Wororu_, man supposed to cause conception in women without sexual
intercourse, i. 105

Worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of Africa, ii. 174
_sqq._;
among the Khasis of Assam, 203

—— of the dead perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit, i.
233 _sqq._;
among the Bantu tribes, ii. 174 _sqq._

—— of dead kings and chiefs in Africa, ii. 160 _sqq._;
among the Barotse, 194 _sq._;
an important element in African religion, 195 _sq._

—— of hot springs, i. 206 _sqq._

—— of mephitic vapours, i. 203 _sqq._

—— of volcanoes, i. 216 _sqq._

Worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure fruit-trees and to stop up
wells, ii. 111

“Wounds between the arms” of Hebrew prophets, i. 74 _n._ 4

“—— of the Naaman,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Wreaths as amulets, ii. 242 _sq._

Wünsch, R., on the _Anthesteria_, i. 235 _n._ 1;
on modern survivals of festivals of Adonis, 246;
on Easter ceremonies in the Greek church, 254 _n._

Wyse, W., ii. 35 _n._ 1, 51 _n._ 1

Xenophanes of Colophon on the Egyptian rites of mourning for gods, ii. 42,
43

Yam, island of Torres Straits, heroes worshipped in animal forms in, i.
139 _n._ 1

Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, prostitution of unmarried girls in, ii.
265 _sq._

Yarilo, a personification of vegetation, i. 253

Year, length of the solar, determined by the Theban priests, ii. 26

——, the fixed Alexandrian, ii. 28, 49, 92

——, the Celtic, reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

——, the Egyptian, a vague year, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24
_sq._

—— of God, a Sothic period, ii. 36 _n._ 2;
began with the rising of Sirius, 35

——, the old Iranian, ii. 67

——, the Julian, ii. 28

——, the Teutonic, reckoned from October 1st, ii. 81

Yehar-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Yehaw-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14

Ynglings, a Norse family, descended from Frey, ii. 100

Yombe, a Bantu tribe of Northern Rhodesia, their sacrifice of first-fruits
to the dead, ii. 191

Youth restored by the witch Medea, i. 180 _sq._

Yucatan, calendar of the Indians of, ii. 28 _n._

Yukon River in Alaska, ii. 51

Yungman tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i.
101

Yuruks, pastoral people of Cilicia, i. 150 _n._ 1

Zambesi, the Barotse of the, ii. 193

Zas, name of priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 155

Zechariah, on the mourning of or for Hadadrimmon, i. 15 _n._ 4;
on wounds of prophet, 74 _n._ 4

Zekar-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

_Zend-Avesta_, on the Fravashis, ii. 67 _sq._

Zenjirli in Syria, Hittite sculptures at, i. 134;
statue of horned god at, 163

Zer, old Egyptian king, his true Horus name Khent, ii. 20 _n._ 1, 154.
_See_ Khent

Zerka, river in Moab, i. 215 _n._ 1

Zeus, god of Tarsus assimilated to, i. 119, 143;
Cilician deity assimilated to, 144 _sqq._, 148, 152;
the flower of, 186, 187;
identified with Attis, 282;
castrates his father Cronus, 283;
the father of dew, ii. 137;
the Saviour of the City, at Magnesia on the Maeander, 238

——, Corycian, priests of, i. 145, 155;
temple of, 155

—— and Hecate at Stratonicea in Caria, i. 270 _n._ 2, 227

——, Labrandeus, the Carian, i. 182

——, Olbian, ruins of his temple at Olba, i. 151;
his cave or chasm, 158 _sq._;
his priest Teucer, 159;
a god of fertility, 159 _sqq._

——, Olybrian, i. 167 _n._ 1

—— Papas, i. 281 _n._ 2

Zeus and Typhon, battle of, i. 156 _sq._, 160

Zimmern, H., on Mylitta, i. 37 _n._ 1

Zimri, king of Israel, burns himself, i. 174 _n._ 2, 176

Zion, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Moriah, ii. 219 _n._ 1

Zoroastrian fire-worship in Cappadocia, i. 191

Zulu medicine-men or diviners, i. 74 _n._ 4, 75;
their charm to fertilize fields, ii. 102 _sq._

Zulus, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 84;
their observation of the moon, ii. 134 _sq._;
the worship of the dead among the, 182 _sqq._;
their sacrifice of a bull to prolong the life of the king, 222

FOOTNOTES

M1 Osiris the Egyptian counterpart of Adonis and Attis.
M2 The myth of Osiris. The Pyramid Texts.

1 See Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 12-20; R. V. Lanzone, _Dizionario di
Mitologia Egizia_ (Turin, 1881-1884), vol. ii. pp. 692 _sqq._; A.
Erman, _Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum_ (Tübingen,
N.D.), pp. 365-369; _id._, _Die ägyptische Religion_2 (Berlin,
1909), pp. 38 _sqq._; A. Wiedemann, _Die Religion der alten Ägypter_
(Münster i. W. 1890), pp. 109 _sqq._; _id._, _Religion of the
Ancient Egyptians_ (London, 1897), pp. 207 _sqq._; G. Maspero,
_Histoire ancienne des Peuples de l’Orient Classique_, i. 172
_sqq._; E. A. Wallis Budge, _The Gods of the Egyptians_ (London,
1904), ii. 123 _sqq._; _id._, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_
(London, 1911), i. 1 _sqq._

2 J. H. Breasted, _Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient
Egypt_ (London, 1912), pp. vii. _sq._, 77 _sqq._, 84 _sqq._, 91
_sqq._ Compare _id._, _History of the Ancient Egyptians_ (London,
1908), p. 68; Ed. Meyer, _Geschichte des Altertums_,2 i. 2. pp. 116
_sq._; E. A. Wallis Budge, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_
(London, 1911), i. 100 _sqq._ The first series of the texts was
discovered in 1880 when Mariette’s workmen penetrated into the
pyramid of King Pepi the First. Till then it had been thought by
modern scholars that the pyramids were destitute of inscriptions.
The first to edit the Pyramid Texts was Sir Gaston Maspero.

M3 The Pyramid Texts intended to ensure the blissful immortality of
Egyptian kings.

3 J. H. Breasted, _Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient
Egypt_, pp. 91 _sq._ Among the earlier works referred to in the
Pyramid Texts are “the chapter of those who ascend” and “the chapter
of those who raise themselves up” (J. H. Breasted, _op. cit._ p.
85). From their titles these works would seem to have recorded a
belief in the resurrection and ascension of the dead.

M4 The story of Osiris in the Pyramid Texts.

4 This has been done by Professor J. H. Breasted in his _Development
of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt_, pp. 18 _sqq._

M5 Osiris a son of the earth-god and the sky-goddess.

5 In Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 12, we must clearly read ἑβδομηκοστὸν
δεύτερον with Scaliger and Wyttenbach for the ἑβδομηκοστόν of the
MSS.

6 Herodotus, ii. 4, with A. Wiedemann’s note; L. Ideler, _Handbuch der
mathematischen und technischen Chronologie_ (Berlin, 1825-1826), i.
94 _sqq._; A. Erman, _Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum_,
pp. 468 _sq._; G. Maspero, _Histoire ancienne des Peuples de
l’Orient Classique_, i. 208 _sq._

7 The birth of the five deities on the five supplementary days is
mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (i. 13. 4) as well as by Plutarch
(_Isis et Osiris_, 12). The memory of the five supplementary days
seems to survive in the modern Coptic calendar of Egypt. The days
from the first to the sixth of Amshir (February) are called “the
days outside the year” and they are deemed unlucky. “Any child
begotten during these days will infallibly be misshapen or
abnormally tall or short. This also applies to animals so that
cattle and mares are not covered during these days; moreover, some
say (though others deny) that neither sowing nor planting should be
undertaken.” However, these unlucky days are not the true
intercalary days of the Coptic calendar, which occur in the second
week of September at the end of the Coptic year. See C. G.
Seligmann, “Ancient Egyptian Beliefs in Modern Egypt,” _Essays and
Studies presented to William Ridgeway_ (Cambridge, 1913), p. 456. As
to the unluckiness of intercalary days in general, see _The
Scapegoat_, pp. 339 _sqq._

M6 Osiris introduces the cultivation of corn and of the vine. His
violent death. Isis searches for his body.

8 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 13; Diodorus Siculus, i. 14, 17, 20;
Tibullus, i. 7. 29 _sqq._

9 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 13 _sq._

M7 She takes refuge in the papyrus swamps. Isis and her infant son
Horus.

10 A. Erman, _Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum_, p. 366;
_id._, _Die ägyptische Religion_2 (Berlin, 1909), p. 40; A.
Wiedemann, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_ (London, 1897), pp.
213 _sq._; E. A. Wallis Budge, _The Gods of the Egyptians_, i. 487
_sq._, ii. 206-211; _id._, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_
(London, 1911), i. 92-96, ii. 84, 274-276. These incidents of the
scorpions are not related by Plutarch but are known to us from
Egyptian sources. The barbarous legend of the begetting of Horus by
the dead Osiris is told in unambiguous language in the Pyramid
Texts, and it is illustrated by a monument which represents the two
sister goddesses hovering in the likeness of hawks over the god,
while Hathor sits at his head and the Frog-goddess Heqet squats in
the form of a huge frog at his feet. See J. H. Breasted,
_Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt_, p. 28, with
note 2; E. A. Wallis Budge, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_,
i. 280. Harpocrates is in Egyptian _Her-pe-khred_, “Horus the child”
(A. Wiedemann, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 223).
Plutarch, who appears to distinguish him from Horus, says that
Harpocrates was begotten by the dead Osiris on Isis, and that he was
born untimely and was weak in his lower limbs (_Isis et Osiris_,
19). Elsewhere he tells us that Harpocrates “was born, incomplete
and youthful, about the winter solstice along with the early flowers
and blossoms” (_Isis et Osiris_, 65).

M8 The body of Osiris floats to Byblus, where it is recovered by Isis.
The body of Osiris dismembered by Typhon, and the pieces recovered
by Isis. Diodorus Siculus on the burial of Osiris.

11 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 8, 18.

12 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 18.

13 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 18. Compare Hippolytus, _Refutatio
omnium haeresium_, v. 7, p. 142, ed. L. Duncker and F. G.
Schneidewin (Göttingen, 1859).

14 Diodorus Siculus, i. 21. 5-11; compare _id._, iv. 6. 3; Strabo,
xvii. 1. 23, p. 803.

M9 The various members of Osiris treasured as relics in various parts
of Egypt.

15 H. Brugsch, “Das Osiris-Mysterium von Tentyra,” _Zeitschrift für
ägyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde_, xix. (1881) pp. 77 _sqq._;
V. Loret, “Les fêtes d’Osiris au mois de Khoiak,” _Recueil de
Travaux relatifs à la Philologie et à l’Archéologie Égyptiennes et
Assyriennes_, iii. (1882) pp. 43 _sqq._; R. V. Lanzone, _Dizionario
di Mitologia Egizia_, pp. 697 _sqq._; A. Wiedemann, _Herodots
zweites Buch_ (Leipsic, 1890), pp. 584 _sqq._; _id._, _Die Religion
der alten Ägypter_, p. 115; _id._, _Religion of the Ancient
Egyptians_, pp. 215 _sqq._; A. Erman, _Aegypten und aegyptisches
Leben im Altertum_, pp. 367 _sq._

16 J. Rendel Harris, _The Annotators of the Codex Bezae_ (London,
1901), p. 104, note 2, referring to Dulaure.

M10 Osiris mourned by Isis and Nephthys.

17 A. Erman, _Die ägyptische Religion_2 (Berlin, 1909), pp. 39 _sq._;
E. A. Wallis Budge, _Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection_, ii. 59
_sqq._

18 A. Wiedemann, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 211.

M11 Being brought to life again, Osiris reigns as king and judge of the
dead in the other world. The confession of the dead.