Chapter XII: The Ezra Apocalypse (2)

Ezra Apocalypse, The, =509-531=

— —, an Ezra Legend in, 513 f., 528 ff.

— —, contains reminiscences of Pauline thought, 530

— —, chaps. i. ii., 510 f.

— —, chaps. xv. xvi., 511 f.

— —, chaps. iii.-xiv., 512 ff.

— —, recognized by Church Fathers, 530

— —, Vision, first, 522 ff.

— —, — second, 524

— —, — third, 524 ff.

— —, — fourth, 526 f.

— —, title, 509 f.

Fables in ancient Jewish Literature, 230

Faith, traditional form of, 20

Fall, The, 474, 531

Fasting, 272, 361

Fatalism, 79

Fatalistic theory of the Stoics, 21

First Cause, Platonic teaching on, 458

Formless matter, creation of the world out of, 85

— —, Platonic and Stoic teaching concerning, 85 f.

Free-will, 336, 342, 412

Future life, 342, 362

— —, conception of, 499

— —, developed belief in, 24

— —, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 107 ff.

— —, — in Baruch, 293

— —, — in Ecclesiasticus, 288 ff., 291 ff.

— —, — in 2 (4) Esdras, 293 ff.

— —, — in Judith, 290 f.

— —, — in 2 Maccabees, 292

— —, — Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 146 f.

— —, — in Tobit, 290

— —, — in Wisdom, 298 ff.

Galba, 520

Gallienus, 512

Gamaliel I, 145

— II, 173

_Gānaz_, meaning of, 183 ff.

Gaza, 30

Gazara, 438, 482

Gehenna, 289

Genealogies, The roll of, 194

_Genizah_, 188 f.

God, conception of, by the Jews of the Dispersion, 57

—, —, in Wisdom, 465 f.

—, doctrine of, 39, 412

—, —, in Apocrypha, =254-260=

—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 144 ff.

—, Philo’s doctrine of, 63

Gorgias, 428, 486

Goths, 512

Governance of the world, divine, 341

Grace and Free-will, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 278

— —, 2 (4) Esdras, 280 f.

— —, 1 Maccabees, 279

— —, 2 Maccabees, 280

— —, Tobit, 278 f.

—, divine, 336

Græco-Macedonian empire referred to in Daniel, 69

_Grammateia_, 40

Granicus, 12

Grateful dead man, story of the, 356 f.

Greek cities, 15

— culture, superiority of, 35

— fashions, 34

— festivals, fascination of, 32

— forms of thought, 15

— ideals, 15

— influence in Apocrypha, traces of, 77 ff.

— — in O.T., traces of, 68 ff.

— — on Jewish eschatology, 38

— — on Judaism, 252 f.

— —, signs of, in O.T. and Apocrypha, 40

— language, 14

— mind, tendencies of, 33

— model of local government, 30, 31

— philosophy, influence of, 28

— settlements in Palestine, 30

— words in Daniel, 70

— words hebraized, 35 f.

Greek Ezra, The, =439-454=

— —, and 2 Esdras 444 ff.

— —, chronological table of event in, 446 ff.

— —, The, contents, 440 ff.

— —, date of, 454

— —, historicity of, 446 ff.

— —, its relationship to the Hebrew Ezra, 442 ff.

— —, Massoretic text of, 449 f.

— —, purpose of, 450 f.

— —, title of, 439 f.

Greeks and “barbarians,” 17 f.

—, references to, in O.T., =68-70=

—, critical faculty of, 20

—, their ideal of wisdom, 19

—, their realism, 19

—, their sense of proportion, 18, 20

Guilds, religious, 23

Gymnasium, 32 f., 40

Habakkuk, 395

Hades, 289, 292, 523

Hadrian, 13, 521

Haggadic homiletics, 201

— literature, 380

Halakah, 201

Haman, 399

_Ha-Gilyônim_, 198

Hasmonæan high-priesthood, 423 f., 433

Hasmonæans, The, 411

Hebrew Bible, contents of, 162 ff.

— Canon, The, 162 ff.

— —, formation of, =169-174=

Hecatæus of Abdera, 41

Heliodorus, 302, 481 f., 489

Hellas, 14

Hellenic and Hellenistic, difference between, 12

— spirit, 13

— thought in book of Wisdom, 458

Hellenism, debased type in Syria, 40

—, good and bad effects of, 41

—, reaction against, 41

— in its religious aspect, =20-24=

—, result of spread of, 28

— in its secular aspect, =12-20=

Hellenistic Greek, 14 f.

Hellenistic influence, direct and indirect, 37 f.

— — on Palestinian Jews, 36

— — on religion, 54 ff.

— — reflected in Job, 73 f.

— — — Proverbs, 71 ff.

— — — the Psalms, 71

— — upon the Jews of the Dispersion, =49-67=

— — upon the Jews of Palestine, =27-48=

— Movement, The, =11-26=, 160 f.

— —, effect of, 24

— — a period of dissolution, 16

— party, 426

— period not one of irreligion, 21

— philosophy, development of into theology, 21

— Movement, roots of, 13

— spirit, 92 ff.

Hellenization of cities, 18

Hellenized cities, 22

Heraclides, 430

Heraclitus, 86

Hermes, 34

High-priestly party, 33 f.

Hillel, 132

—, school of, 170

Holofernes, 373, 375 f.

Hypostatization of Wisdom, 73, 226

Hyrcanus, John, 153, 422, 438

Hyrcania, transportation of Jews to, 50

Idolatry, 469, 472 f.

—, polemic against, 507

Idol-worship, 458, 507

Illumination, Feast of, 492

Illyrians, 14

Immanence, divine, doctrine of, 57

Immortality, 337

—, doctrine of in Wisdom, 83 ff.

—, Plato’s doctrine of, 84

— of the spirit, 107

— — soul, 39

Individual piety, 23

Individualism, 18, 31 f.

— in Proverbs, 71 f.

Individualistic tendency in Job, 73

Inspiration, the cup of, 529

Intermediate beings between God and man, 235 f.

— state, 110, 295, 300

Inter-relation of doctrines, 39

Ionians, 68

Ipsus, battle of, its indirect importance for the Jews, 29

Isaiah, book of, 105

Islam, 37

Issus, battle of, 12

Jabneh, Council of, 173 f.

Jamnia (Jabneh), 434

Jason, 34 f.

— the Cyrenian, 479, 484, 488

— —, his history, 480

Javan, 68, 69

Jedoniah, Jewish governor in Syene, 51

Jehoahaz, 51

Jeremiah, 51, 303

—, Epistle of, =506-508=

Jerome, 75

Jerusalem, 529

—, earthly and heavenly, 526 f.

Jewish alliance with Rome, 420 f.

— angelology, 38, 39

— Apocalyptic, 90

— books, ancient, 194

— Church, The, 105

— demonology, 38

— eschatology, 38

— Liturgy, 390, 391, 500, 502

— mercenaries, 51

— propaganda, 396 f.

Jews in Syene, 51 ff.

— of the Dispersion, their religious outlook, 55 f.

Job, individualistic tendency in, 73

—, book of, 73, 459

Jobel, 216

Jochanan ben Zakkai, 173

Jochanan, the son of Kareah, 51

John Hyrcanus, 414, 438

Jonah, book of, 105, 123

Jonathan, 416, 418

—, leadership of, 431

Jose, Rabbi, 170

Josephus on the Essenes, 42, 43, 44, 45

— — Jews of Alexandria, 54

— — Pharisees and Sadducees, 135 ff.

Josiah, 440

Jubilees, book of, 151

Judaism, 55

— affected by extraneous influences, 252

— as a religion affected by Hellenism, 36 f.

— of Alexandria, 477

—, orthodox, 487

—, traditional, in the Dispersion, 55

Judas the Maccabee, 411

— —, leadership of, 427 ff.

Judgement, The, 38, 295 ff., 525

—, day of, 103

Judith, author of, 378 f.

—, book of, =372-384=

—, contents of, 372 f.

—, character of, 372 f.

—, Hebrew form of, 380

—, in how far historical, 377 f.

—, story, variety of form, 379 f.

Julian, 13

Julius Cæsar, 520

Justice, reform in administration of, 393 f.

Justification, 531

Kabbalah, 163

Khons, tractate of, 357, 367

Knowledge, increase of, 16

—, departments of, 16

Koheleth (_see_ Ecclesiastes)

Ladder of Tyre, 435

Landmarks, Jewish historical, 366

Lasthenes, 419

Law, The, 165, 450, 503, 504, 525

— identified with Wisdom, 241, 244

—, Jews the people of the, 28

— of Moses venerated by the Essenes, 45

—, the oral, 338 f.

—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 139 ff., 152 f.

—, Pharisaic teaching on in Ecclesiasticus, 343 f.

—, Rabbinical teaching on, the, 262, 265

—, doctrine of, in Baruch, 264 f.

—, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 260 ff.

—, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 264

—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 265 f.

—, —, Judith, 263 f.

—, —, 2 Maccabees, 264

—, —, Tobit, 262 f.

—, —, Wisdom, 266 f.

Legalistic Movement, The, 160

Letter of Aristeas, 59

— of Purim, 403

Leucoma, 367

Levitical Impurity, 175, =177-182=

Lights, Feast of, 492

Little Genesis, 216

Liturgy, Jewish, 390, 391, 500, 502

Local government of Jewish cities, 31

Logos, 464

—, Philonian, 63 f., 464

Lucius, 422

— Calpurnius Piso, 423

— Quietus, 522

— Valerius, 422

Lydda, 435

Lysias, 428 f., 482

Maccabæan feasts, the two, 488

— revolt, 35

— rising, 76

— struggle, the, 161, 403, 482

— —, causes of, 424 f.

— —, history of, 423 ff.

Maccabees, first book of, =411-438=

—, —, authorship, 411 ff.

—, —, date, 413 f.

—, —, historicity, 415

—, —, literary character, 414 f.

—, —, original language, 414 f.

—, —, sources, 415 ff.

—, —, title, 411 ff.

—, second book of, =479-494=

—, —, date, 493

—, —, compared with 1 Maccabees, 482 ff.

—, —, contents of, 481 ff.

—, —, historical value of, 485 ff.

—, —, influence of on N.T. writers, 493 f.

—, —, integrity of, 490 ff.

—, —, origin of, 479 ff.

—, —, original language, 493

—, —, purpose of, 487 ff.

Macedonian empire, 14

Mæonius, 512

Makrīzī, 133

Man rising from the Sea, Vision of, 513 f., 515 ff.

Manasses, Prayer of, =404-410=

Manes, 133

Marisa, 486

Marriage avoided by the Essenes, 43

Martyrdom of Isaiah, The, 219

_Māshāl_, 227 f.

Masūdi, 133

Materialism, 469, 471 f.

Mattathias, his zeal for the Law, 426

—, leadership of, 424 ff.

Matter, Platonic idea of, 85

Mediterranean, 28

Megiddo, battle of, 440

_Megillath Semanim_, 194

_Megillath Sethārim_, 194

_Megillath Taanith_, 194, 380

_Megillôth_, 163 f.

Memphis, 51

_Memra_, 237

Merits of the fathers, 273 f.

— — —, doctrine of, 499

Merodach, 396

Messiah, 298, 516

Messiah, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 105 ff.

—, —, Baruch, 283

—, —, Ecclesiasticus, 281 f.

—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 283 ff.

—, —, 1 Maccabees, 282 f.

—, —, 2 Maccabees, 283

—, —, Tobit, 282

—, —, Wisdom, 285 ff.

—, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 148 ff.

—, pre-existence of, 106

Messianic Age, 298

— expectations, 226

— future, 38

— Kingdom, teaching of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 109

— Woes, 297

Metabolism of the elements, 86 f.

Michael, 39

Michmash, 431

Middle Ages, 17

Migdol, 51

Millennium, 221

_Minim_, 192 f.

Mishna, 35

Missionary propaganda among the Jews of the Dispersion, 56 f.

Mixed marriages among Israelites, 120

Modin, 413

Monotheism, 23

— of the Essenes, 45

Mordecai, 398 ff.

Moses, Apocalypse of, =222-223=

—, the second = Ezra, 530

Mucianus, 520

Mystery-religion, Essenism a, 45

Myths allegorized, 22

National deities, 22

Nebuchadnezzar, 50

Nehemiah, 92, 450

Neo-Pythagoreans, 42

Neo-Pythagorean philosophy, 13

_Nĕphĕsh_, 81, 83

Nero, 520

_Nĕshāmāh_, 82, 83

New Age, The, 524

Nicanor, 428, 430 f., 482

—, celebration of death of, feast, 487

Noph, 51

Numenius, 421 f.

Nymphidius, 520

Odenathus, 512

_Olam ha-bâ_, 97

_Olam ha-zeh_, 97

Onias, 303, 418

— III, 34

Oral Law, The, 338 f.

— tradition, 93, 530

Oriental influence on Judaism, 38

— elements absorbed by Hellenism, 40

— influences on the Jews, 41

Orphic Pythagoræan asceticism, 42

_Ostraka_, 15

Otho, 520

“Outside” books, 198

Ozias, 374 f.

Paganism renovated, 13

_Palæstra_, 34

Palestine, Eastern, 30

—, political life of, 31

Palmyra, 512

_Papyri_, 15, 50 ff., 194 f., 349

Paradise, 523

Parseeism, 38

Parthians, 436

Particularism, 103 f., 122, 160

Pathros, 51

Paul, St., influenced by Wisdom, 474 ff.

Pentateuch, translation of, into Greek, 59

Pentecost, Feast of, 487

People of the land, The, 206

Perdiccas, 424

Persecution, 469, 473 f.

Persian influence on Essene belief, 44

— — on Judaism, 252 f.

— kings, list of, 446

Personal religion, 256

— responsibility, sense of, 32

Personalities of striking character during the Hellenistic period, 19

Personification of Wisdom, 235

Pessimism in 2 (4) Esdras, 525 f.

_Petasus_, 34

Pharisaic recension of Ecclesiasticus, 256 f.

— and Sadducæan parties, 91 ff.

Pharisaism, 456

Pharisee, meaning of term, 130 ff.

Pharisees, =130-159=, 203 f., 393, 412, 453 f.

— reject Apocalyptic Literature, 199

— and the Canon, 174 f.

— different from Scribes, 127

—, party of religious progress, 154

— and Sadducees, doctrines of, 139 ff.

—, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.

Pharaoh Necho, II, 51

Pharos, island of, 59

Plato, 17, 73, 458

Platonic philosophy, 13

Philip, the friend of Antiochus Epiphanes, 429

Philip of Macedon, 14

Philo, =61-65=, 458, 463 f., 493

—, his account of the Essenes, 42

—, his doctrines due to Greek influence, 65

—, his doctrine of God, 63

— —, the Logos, 63 f.

— —, Sin, 64 f.

— on the Jews of Alexandria, 54

—, philosophy of, 63 ff.

Philometor, 328

Philosophical teaching of the Hellenistic period, 18

Philosophy, 16

Piety of individuals, 23

Pious ones, 93, 257

— — in the Psalms, 71-74

Piso, 520

Politics, 23

Polybius on the Hellenes, 20

— and the importance of the individual, 19

Pompey, 413

Posidonius, 41

Praise, 500

Prayer, 361

— of Manasses, =404-410=

— —, date of, 409 f.

— —, origin of, 405 ff.

— —, original language of, 410

— —, writer of, 410

Prayers for the dead, 489

Pre-existence of the soul, Platonic doctrine of, 82

— —, doctrine of, in Wisdom, 80 ff.

Pre-existing matter, doctrine of, 458

Prologue to Ecclesiasticus, 124 f., 459

Proverbs, allegory in, 72

—, individualism in, 71 f.

—, marks of Hellenistic influence in, 71 ff.

—, universalism in, 72

Proverbs in ancient Jewish Literature, 228 f.

Providence, doctrine of, 458

Psalms of Greek and Maccabæan eras, 70 f.

—, Greek influence in some, 70, 71

— of Solomon, =214-216=, 505 f.

Psametik I, 51

Pseudepigrapha, The, 189, 191, =200-223=

_Psychē_, 81

Ptolemaic armies, Jewish soldiers in, 29

Ptolemais, 30, 432, 434

Ptolemy, house of, 28 f.

Ptolemy I, 462

Ptolemy II, (Philadelphus), 59

Ptolemy VI, (Philometor), 59, 434

Ptolemy, Antiochus Epiphanes’ general, 428

Pur, 400

Purifications of the Essenes, 45

Purim, Feast of, 487

Pythagoræans, 135

Rabbinical literature, 39

— sources on Pharisees and Sadducees, 137 ff.

Races, intermingling of, 22

Ram’s horn, 216

Ramathaim, 435

Raphael, 301, 359, 360, 363

Raphia, 30

Realism of the Greeks, 19

Reform in administration of justice, 393 f.

Relationship between God and men, 341 f.

Religious associations, 23

— liberty secured by the Maccabees, 431

— syncretism, 22 f.

— —, results of, 23

_Renaissance_, 17

Repentance, 342 f., 476

Resurrection, 292, 296, 298, 300, 337

—, advanced teaching on, in 2 Maccabees, 489 f.

— of the body, 39, 107

—, doctrine of, 39 f.

—, Essene teaching on, 44

— of the soul, 38

— of the spirit, 110

Retribution, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 108

Rome, embassy to, 416

Roman alliance with the Jews, 420 f.

— empire, 13

_Ruach_, 82

Sabbath, 412, 487

— observance of the Essenes, 45

Sacrificial system, 226, 339

— —, importance of, minimized, 58

Sadducæan and Pharisaic parties, 91 ff.

— literary activity, 156 ff.

Sadducæanism, 456, 500, 501 f.

Sadducee, meaning of term, 132 ff.

Sadducees, =130-159=, 203 f., 334, 393, 412, 453 f.

— and politics, 153 f.

—, friends of Hellenistic culture, 154

— and Pharisees, doctrines of, 139 ff.

—, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.

Samaria, 49, 50

—, Macedonian settlers in, 30

Samaritans, The, 120, 441

Sanhedrin, 145

Salathiel Apocalypse, The, 513 f.

Sapor I, 512

Sargon, 49

—, inscription of, 50

Sassanidæ, 512

Scepticism, 20, 469 f.

Sciences, differentiation of, 17

Scribe in Ecclesiasticus, 123 f.

Scribe, the ideal in Ecclesiasticus, 324

Scribes, The, =113-119=, 161

— as lawyers, 126 f.

— different from Pharisees, 127

— in existence before the Exile, 114 f.

—, O.T. _data_ concerning, 113 ff.

— and Scripture, 126

—, two types of, 115, 116, 124

Scythians, 512

Secrets of Enoch, Book of the, =220-222=

Seleucid era, 491

Seleucidæ, 153

Seleucus, 34

—, his treatment of the Jews, 29

Seleucus IV (Philopator), 430

_Selichah_, 500

Semi-divine beings, 39

Sense of proportion a Hellenic _trait_, 18, 20

Separateness, 131

_Sepharim hachizônim_, 192, 198

Septuagint, The, 11, 15, =58-61=

—, far-reaching influence of the, 61

Seven heavens, doctrine of, 221 f.

Seventh heaven, 83

Shammai, school of, 170

_Shema_, 503

_Shemoneh Esreh_, 391

Sheol, 40, 290 ff.

Sheol-conception, 109

Sibylline Oracles, The, =208-210=

_Sifre hamînîm_, 192

Simeon, the high-priest, 328

—, Rabbi, 170

Simon ben Shetach, 393

— the son Onias, 167

— the Maccabee, 413, 414, 418, 421

—, leadership of, 436 ff.

—, murder of, 438

Sin, 523, 531

—, atonement for, 271 f.

—, doctrine of, in Baruch, 274

—, —, Ecclesiasticus, 267 ff.

—, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 274

—, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 274 ff.

—, —, 2 Maccabees, 274

—, —, Prayer of Azariah, 273

—, —, Prayer of Manasses, 273 f.

—, —, Tobit, 273

—, —, Wisdom, 276 f.

—, Philo’s doctrine of, 64 f.

Sisinnes, 441

_Sôfēr_, 113, 114

_Soferim_, 340

Solomon, 227, 456

—, Psalms of, 505 f.

_Sōma_, 81

Song of Songs, canonicity disputed, 170

Song of the Three Children, 386, 390 ff.

_Sophia_, 226

Sophists, 13

Spartans, 416 ff.

Spiritual body, 107

State processions, 33

Stoic enumeration of the human senses, 79

— philosophers, 18

— philosophy in Wisdom, 86 f.

Stoics, 19, 21, 135, 458

—, fatalistic philosophy of, 79

—, teaching of in Ecclesiastes, 74

Strabo on the Jews, 53

Superhuman beings, 39

Susanna, Story of, 386, 391 ff.

Syene, Jewish military colony in, 51

Syncretism, 22 f., 37, 38

— and the Jews of the Dispersion, 57

Syria, 12

Syrian slaves, 69

— throne, claimants to, 431 f.

Tabernacles, Feast of, 487, 491

Taboo, 178 ff.

Tahpanes, 51

Targums, 193

Tarphon, Rabbi, 192

_Tehom Rabbah_, 232

Teman, 497

Temple, The, 487

— Liturgy, 503

— not entered by the Essenes, 44

—, offerings sent to, by the Essenes, 44

—, profanation of, 482

Tendencies in pre-Maccabæan era, 91 f.

Testament of Moses, 218

Testament of the XII Patriarchs, The, =210-214=

_Tenak_, 162

Thebes, 14

Theodosius, 13

Thracians, 14

_Tiamat_, 396

Tiberius, 520

—, edict of, regarding the Jews, 53 f.

—, Alexander, 520

Timotheus, 486

Tishri, 491

Titles of books, false, the reason, 200 f.

Titus, 520

Tobit, book of, =349-371=

—, compared with Ecclesiasticus, 364 f.

—, contents of, 357 ff.

—, doctrinal development in, 363 ff.

—, date of the book of, 365 f.

—, for whom written, 366

—, integrity of, 366

—, original language of, 367 f.

—, place of origin of, 366

—, relationship to story of Achikar the Wise, 353 ff.

—, religious standpoint of the writer of, 360 ff.

—, value of for N.T. study, 368 ff.

Tolerance, 22

Torah identified with Wisdom, 78 f.

Trajan, 522

Transcendence, divine, 39

Truth, 452

Tryphon, 435 f.

Tubieni Jews, 486

_Tyche_, 23

Tyre, Ladder of, 435

Uncanonical books, =183-223=

— —, reading of, 192 ff.

Universalism, 122, 161

— in Ecclesiasticus, 338

— in Proverbs, 72

— in Tobit, 362

Unknown gods, 23

Uriel, 523

Vespasian, 520

Vindex, 520

Vision of the Man rising from the Sea, 513 f., 515 ff.

— of Isaiah, The, 219

Visions in 2 (4) Esdras, their teaching, 527 f.

— —, eschatological teaching in, 528

Visitation of the sick, 347

Vitellius, 520

_Widdui_, 500

Wisdom, 72, 496 f., 504

— abiding among men, 242 f., 246

— in the book of Job, 238

— in the book of Proverbs, 236

— and the Creation, 237 f.

—, conception of in Job, 74

—, divine origin of, 243

— of Ea, 231

— in Ecclesiastes, 238 ff.

— in Ecclesiasticus, 240 ff.

— existent before the Creation, 241, 244

—, fountain of, 496

—, Hebrew conception of, 226 ff.

—, hypostatization of, 226

—, —, in Proverbs, 73

—, ideal of, among Greeks, 19

— identified with the Holy Spirit, 244

— — Law, 241, 244

— — Torah, 78 f.

— — the Word, 244

— as intermediary, 259

— of Israel, superiority of, 338

—, Jewish conception of, 233 ff.

—, Jewish superior to Greek, 243

— Literature, The, =224-250=

—, nature of, 245

—, personification of, 235, 242, 246

—, takes the place of angels in book of Wisdom, 304

—, teaching on, in Apocalyptic books, 245 ff.

Wisdom, authorship of, 455 ff.

—, —, composite, 464 ff.

—, book of, =455-478=

—, —, date, 459 ff.

—, —, Greek philosophy in, 458

—, —, influence of, on St. Paul, 474 ff.

—, —, personality of author, 457 f.

—, —, purposes of, 469 ff.

—, —, title, 455 f.

—, —, traces of Greek influence in, 80 ff.

—, —, written in opposition,

—, —, to Ecclesiastes, 456 f.

Word, The, 237

Worm, 289

Xenophon, 14

Xerxes, 51

_Yeshibah_, 195

_Yetzer_, 336

_Yetzer-ha-ra’_, 275, 276

Zabinas, Alexander, 436

_Zaddūkim_, 132 f., 204

Zadok, 134, 135, 148, 149, 150, 340

—, the son of Ahitub, 113

—, sons of, 33

Zadokite Fragments, The, 135, 140, 145, 147, 149, 151, 152

Zealotism, 218

Zend, 133

Zeno, 19, 21

Zenobia, 512

Zerubbabel, 120, 441, 452 f.

_Zindīk_, 133

Zoroaster, 186

Zoroastrianism, 133, 252

INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT

PAGE
GENESIS

i., 237

ii. 7, 75, 83

x. 2, 68

xvi. 1 ff., 148

xxviii. 10, 148

EXODUS

i.-xii., 216

xiv. 19, 304

xix. 6, 148

“ 22, 180

NUMBERS

v. 1-3, 178

xix. 11-13, 16 ff., 358

xx. 16, 148

xxii. 22 ff., 148

LEVITICUS

vi. 24-28, 175

“ 27-30, 178

xi. 32, 180

“ 32-40, 178

xiv. 1 ff., 178

xv. 1 ff., 178

xvi. 26-28, 178

xviii. 19, 178

xxv., 216

DEUTERONOMY

iv. 6, 233

xviii. 18, 282

xix. 19, 393

xxi. 10-14, 178

xxiii. 18, 180

xxxiii. 1, 300

JUDGES

ix. 8-15, 229, 230

1 SAMUEL

x. 12, 228

xxiv. 13, 228

xxv. 29, 83

2 SAMUEL

v. 8, 228

viii. 17, 113

xii. 1-4, 230

xx. 18, 228

“ 25, 113

1 KINGS

iv. 30, 231

“ 30-34, 227

“ 32, 166

x. 1-9, 227

xvii. 17-24, 290

2 KINGS

xii. 11, 113

xiv. 9, 230

xvii. 6, 50

“ 23, 50

xviii. 11, 50

“ 18, 113

xxiii. 29-34, 51

xxiv., xxv., 377

xxiv. 12-16, 497

“ 14-16, 50

xxv. 9, 497

“ 11-21, 50

“ 19, 114

“ 22, 377

1 CHRONICLES

i. 5-7, 68

ii. 55, 118

v. 27-41, 134

vi. 4-15, 148

“ 50-53, 148

xv. 11, 134

xvi., 134

“ 4, 5, 167

xxi. 15, 16, 304

xxiv. 6, 148

2 CHRONICLES

xiii. 22, 193

xxiv. 11, 113

“ 17, 193

xxxiii. 6, 408

“ 11, 407

“ 12, 13, 405

“ 18, 19, 405, 407

xxxiv. 13, 119

xxxv., xxxvi. 1-21, 440

xxxvi. 17-21, 446

“ 22, 23, 440 f.

EZRA

i. 1 ff., 446

“ 1-11, 440 f.

ii. 1-iv. 5, 24, 441

“ 39, 120

“ 61-63, 120

iii. 8 ff., 446

iv. 1-5, 24, 120, 446 f.

“ 6-23, 446 f.

“ 7, 193

“ 7-24, 441 f.

v. 1-vi. 22, 441

vi. 1 ff., 447

“ 13 ff., 447

vii-x., 449

“ 1-x. 44, 441 f.

“ 1 ff., 447

“ 6, 116, 118

“ 10, 28, 116

vii. 11, 12, 21, 117

“ 25, 117

ix. 1, 2, 28, 120

x. 11, 17, 28

“ 15, 121

“ 18-44, 121

NEHEMIAH

i. 1-7, 72, 447

ii. 1 ff., 447

“ 19, 120

iv. 1 ff., 120

vi. 10-14, 121

“ 17, 19, 121

vii. 6-73, 441

“ 73-viii. 22, 442, 447, 449

viii.-x., 117

“ 2, 3, 117

“ 7-9, 117

“ 8, 118, 132

“ 13-15, 117

x. 28 ff., 122

xiii. 4 ff., 122

“ 15 ff., 122

“ 23, 24, 121

xiv. 28, 121

ESTHER

ii. 21-23, 400

iii. 7, 399

“ 12, 114

“ 13, 401

iv. 16, 402

v. 1, 2, 402

“ 3 ff., 402

viii. 8 ff., 402

“ 9, 114

“ 12, 402

ix. 24-32, 400

“ 31, 402

JOB

v. 1, 300

ix. 12-19, 459

xi. 5, 6, 238

xv. 8, 238

“ 15, 254

xxviii. 12-14, 246

“ 12-28, 74, 238

“ 28, 234

xxxviii. 12-28, 249

PSALMS

xviii., 287

xxxiii. 6, 9, 237

xxxvi. 6, 232

xlv. 2, 114

lxxxix. 7, 300

xc.-cl., 70

xc. 4, 221

civ. 1 ff., 4, 301

cxi. 6, 234

cxv. 4-8, 507

cxix. 97, 263

cxlviii. 5, 237

cxlix. 1-9, 125

PROVERBS

i.-ix., 71, 74

“ 7, 234

ii. 17-19, 72

viii. 4, 71

viii. 15, 16, 17, 72

“ 22-31, 73, 236, 237

“ 26-30, 232

“ 31-36, 242

ix. 1-6, 242

“ 4-6, 71

“ 10, 234

xv. 33, 234

xxii. 24, 236

ECCLESIASTES

i. 11, 457

“ 13, 240

“ 13-18, 239

ii. 11, 457

“ 13-16, 239

“ 16, 457

“ 23, 24, 457

iii. 1-8, 74

“ 18, 19, 74

“ 19, 22, 457

v. 1, 18, 457

vi. 3-8, 240

“ 12, 457

vii. 11, 12, 240

“ 25, 240

viii. 1, 240

“ 8, 457

ix. 1 ff., 16, 240

“ 2, 7, 8, 75, 457

“ 5, 240, 457

“ 13-16, 239

xii. 7, 457

“ 11, 12, 193

“ 12, 168

“ 17, 74

ISAIAH

ii. 4_a_, 286

iii. 10, 459

iv. 5, 6, 286

v. 1-4, 230

ix. 12 (Septuagint), 69

xi. 2, 233

“ 11, 51

xix. 11-15, 231

xxiv. 14, 15, 69

xxviii. 5, 6, 286

xl. 10, 286

xliv. 20, 459

xlix. 9-19, 507

“ 23, 286

lix. 16, 17, 286, 475

lxii. 3, 286

lxvi. 19, 69

“ 20, 516

JEREMIAH

viii. 9, 10, 114 f.

x. 1-16, 507

xviii. 18, 114, 233

xxvi. 16 (Septuagint), 69

xxix. 1, 4 ff., 506 f.

xxxiii. 29, 229

xxxv. 6-10, 119

xxxvi., 114 f.

“ 10-12, 119

xxxix., xl., 377

xl. 5, 377

xlii., xliii., 51

xliv. 1, 51

l. 35, 231

li. 57, 231

lii. 15, 28-30, 50

“ 25, 114

EZEKIEL

xiv. 20, 167

xvii. 3-8, 231

xviii. 2, 229

xxiv. 3-5, 231

xxvii. 9, 13, 68

xxxvi. 1-10, 231

xlii. 16-19, 162

xliv. 15 ff., 148

“ 19, 180

DANIEL

iii. 5, 7, 10-15, 70

“ 23, 24, 386 f.

v. 13 f., 497

“ 26-28, 119

viii. 21, 69

ix. 4-19, 389, 498

x. 20, 69

xi. 2, 69

xii. 4, 9, 186

HOSEA

viii. 7, 229

xiv. 10, 233

JOEL

iii. (Hebr. iv.) 6-8, 68

HAGGAI

i., ii., 453

“ 12, 14, 454

ii. 2, 4, 454

“ 10 ff., 123

“ 11-13, 175

ZECHARIAH

iv., 453 f.

“ 6, 453

MALACHI

i. 10-16, 122

iv. 6, 346

INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE APOCRYPHA

PAGE
ECCLESIASTICUS

i. 1, 240

“ 1-20, 346

“ 4, 241

“ 12, 256 f., 306

“ 14, 234, 278

“ 15, 242

“ 15, 20, 27, 234

“ 26, 78, 242, 347

iii. 30, 272

iv. 1-6, 348

“ 17, 242

“ 26, 348

v. 9-vi. 1, 323

“ 11, 347

“ 13, 14, 348

vi. 5-17, 323

“ 19, 348

“ 28-31, 242

vii. 17, 289

“ 18, 323

“ 29-31, 361

“ 35, 36, 347 f.

viii. 3, 348

“ 5, 267

“ 12, 13, 323

x. 11, 288, 337

xi. 14, 343 f.

“ 19, 346

xii. 7, 82

“ 8-18, 323

“ 18, 347

xiv. 1, 348

“ 14, 20, 459

“ 20-xvi. 23, 322 f.

xv. 1, 123, 241, 260

“ 11, 12, 79

“ 11-13, 268, 309, 347

“ 14-17, 336

xvi. 1-5, 323

“ 17-23, 335 f.

“ 19, 341

xvii. 4, 79

“ 9, 167

“ 17, 279, 342

“ 22, 343

“ 20, 257, 306

“ 26_a_, 257

“ 27, 28, 288, 337, 363

“ 31, 270

xviii. 1-14, 362

“ 2, 341

“ 8-14, 338

“ 15-18, 361

“ 21, 343

“ 22, 272, 291, 342

xix. 5, 344

“ 16, 348

“ 17, 291, 342

“ 20, 241, 261

xx. 2, 343

“ 31, 279, 342

xxi. 2, 3, 269

“ 9, 10, 289

“ 10, 291

“ 11, 241

“ 27, 28, 269

xxii. 3-6, 323

“ 11, 288

“ 19-26, 323

“ 27, 267

xxiii. 3 ff., 267

“ 7-15, 323

“ 8, 271

“ 27, 341

xxiv. 3, 241

“ 5, 232

“ 6-16, 338

“ 7 f., 262

“ 7-12, 242, 308

“ 9, 241

“ 12, 262

“ 19, 20, 242

“ 23, 256, 260, 341

“ 23, 25, 241

“ 30-32, 167

“ 30-34, 325

“ 33, 34, 167

xxv. 24, 269

“ 28, 348

xxviii. 2, 346

“ 6, 261, 363

“ 10, 346

“ 11, 12, 348

“ 13-26, 323

“ 16-18, 348

xxix. 1-20, 323

“ 19, 344

“ 21-28, 323

xxx. 17, 288

“ 21-25, 79

xxxi. 3, 346

“ 8, 260

“ 21-23, 261, 272

“ 25, 26, 262

“ 31, 272

xxxii. 3-8, 80

“ 15-17, 339

“ 15-24, 261

xxxiii. 13-15, 309, 336 f.

“ 16-18, 325

“ 19-23, 323

xxxiv. 8, 125

“ 10-12, 326

“ 18-26, 339

“ 22, 348

“ 25, 26, 362

xxxv. 1-3, 339

“ 1-11, 361

xxxvi. 1-5, 338

“ 13-15, 268

“ 17, 338

xxxvii. 1-6, 323

“ 3, 268

“ 17, 18, 336

xxxviii. 11, 272

“ 13, 288

“ 16-23, 337

“ 24-xxxix. 3, 324

xxxix. 1-3, 324, 326

“ 1-11, 123

“ 4, 326

“ 6, 278

“ 12 ff., 325

“ 18-31, 315, 304

xl. 11, 363

xli. 3, 4, 337

xlii. 2, 261

“ 15, 237

“ 15-xliii., 254, 306

“ 16, 254, 300, 314, 364

xliii. 26, 301, 364

“ 28-32, 255

xliv.-l., 165

“ 24, 324

“ 16, 343

“ 20, 261

xlv. 5, 165

“ 5, 17, 261

“ 14-16, 361

“ 23, 273

“ 23-25, 149

xlvi. 1, 165

“ 11, 12, 13, 165

“ 14, 261

“ 19, 288

xlvii. 2-7, 8-10, 17, 20, 166

“ 22, 281

xlviii. 3, 348

“ 5, 291

“ 11, 289 f.

“ 24, 165

xlix., 328

“ 4, 165

“ 6, 8, 10, 166

“ 9, 166, 459

l. 1 ff., 167, 328

“ 29, 167, 195

li. 1-12, 326 f.

“ 12, 281, 340, 391

“ 13, 326

“ 23-28, 325

TOBIT

i.-iii., 357 f.

“ 3, 356, 370

“ 3-iii. 6, 368

“ 6, 263

“ 6-8, 360 f.

“ 7, 263

“ 21, 22, 354

ii. 1, 263

“ 1-9, 361

“ 5, 263

“ 8, 362

“ 11-14, 358

iii. 1-6, 290, 358

“ 6, 363

“ 7, 301

“ 8, 17, 304 f., 364

“ 10, 11, 363

“ 16, 17, 301, 305, 359, 363

iv.-xi., 359

iv. 3, 263

“ 3-21, 359

“ 5, 278

“ 6-11, 262 f.

“ 7, 8, 9, 369 f.

“ 10, 273, 290, 355, 361, 363 f.

“ 12, 355, 370

“ 15, 369 f.

“ 16, 361, 370

“ 17, 18, 355 f.

“ 19, 271

“ 21, 370

v.-vi. 2, 359

“ 13, 263

vi. 2-9, 359

“ 3, 366

“ 7-9, 14, 16-18, 364

“ 10-18, 301, 360

“ 12, 263

“ 17, 305

vii., viii., 360

vii. 13, 14, 263

viii. 2, 3, 364

“ 3, 305, 370

“ 5, 363

“ 15, 301, 314

ix., 360

x. 1-7_a_, 360

“ 7_b_-xi. 8, 360

xi. 14, 363

“ 18, 354

xii.-xiv., 360

“ 6, 363

“ 7, 356

“ 8, 262, 361

“ 8-10, 369

“ 9, 273, 363 f.

“ 10, 370

“ 12, 301, 370

“ 12-14, 363

“ 15, 301, 363

xiii. 1-8, 365

“ 2, 290, 363

“ 3, 4, 366

“ 6, 366, 370

“ 7-11, 362

“ 7-18, 282

“ 16-18, 370 f.

“ 18, 363

xiv. 3-7, 365

“ 4-6, 282, 362

“ 4, 15, 356

“ 6, 255

“ 10, 354

JUDITH

i. 9, 372

ii. 1 ff., 377

“ 21-iii. 10, 373

iv. 1-8, 373

“ 2, 3, 377, 381

“ 6-8, 377

“ 9-15, 381

“ 13, 381

v., vi., 373

“ 19, 381

vii., 374

viii., 374 f.

“ 5, 6, 263, 381

“ 20, 21, 24, 381

“ 31, 381

ix. 1, 8, 13, 14, 381

x.-xii. 9, 376

“ 3, 5, 381

xi. 12, 13, 263 f.

“ 12-15, 17, 381

xii. 1-9, 19, 381

xii. 6, 7, 9, 381

“ 10-xiii. 10, 376

xiii. 3, 4, 7, 10, 381

“ 6, 162

“ 11-xv. 13, 377

xiv. 10, 381

xvi. 2-17, 264, 308, 377

“ 17, 290, 381

“ 18-25, 377

“ 18, 264

“ 20, 24, 381

THE ADDITIONS TO
THE BOOK OF DANIEL

_Pr. of Azar._

1, 23-27, 386

2-22, 386 ff.

5, 9, 388

12, 273

14, 15, 389

26, 27, 301

_Song of Three Children._

28, 390

64-68, 390

_Susannah._

44, 45, 301 f.

45, 394

55, 59, 62, 302

62_a_, 393

_Bel and the Dragon._

28, 32, 397

33-39_a_, 397

34-39, 302

39_b_, 41, 397

THE ADDITIONS TO ESTHER

x. 4-13, 402 f.

“ 4-xi. 1, 402 f.

xi. 1, 403

“ 2-xii. 6, 400

xiii. 1-7, 400 f.

“ 8-17, 401

“ 8-xiv. 19, 401 f.

“ 18, 401

xv. 1-16, 402

“ 13, 302

xvi. 1-24, 402

PRAYER OF MANASSES

4, 7, 13, 409

8, 273, 409

8-13, 274

10, 407

12, 291

15, 302

1 MACCABEES

i. 1-9, 424

“ 10-64, 486

“ 10-ii. 70, 424 ff.

“ 11 f., 32, 76

“ 11-15, 388 f.

“ 13, 77

“ 15, 425

“ 20, 21, 425

“ 20-24, 398

“ 41-64, 398

“ 43, 426

“ 43, 44, 125

“ 44-49, 425 f.

ii. 4, 6, 411

“ 41, 412

“ 44-47, 427

“ 52 ff., 412

“ 54, 149

iii. 1-ix. 22, 427 ff.

“ 18 ff., 257, 306, 412

“ 25, 26, 427

iv. 1-24, 415

“ 10 ff., 258, 412

“ 46, 282

v. 1-68, 485

“ 10-13, 416

“ 15, 416

vi. 8-17, 491

“ 14, 15, 429

“ 28-54, 415

“ 49, 50, 485

“ 56, 429

vii. 1 ff., 485

“ 12, 13, 125

“ 26-50, 415

“ 50, 430

viii. 23-32, 420 f.

“ 32, 430 f.

ix. 1-22, 415

“ 22, 416

“ 23-xii. 53, 431 ff.

“ 32-53, 415

“ 43 ff., 46, 412

“ 43-49, 431

“ 54-57, 134

“ 58-73, 432

“ 73, 431

x. 4, 433

“ 18-20, 419

“ 25-45, 419

“ 26-45, 433

“ 30-37, 419 f.

“ 48 ff., 433

“ 59-66, 415

“ 89, 434

xi.-xiii, 418 f.

“ 21, 35

“ 37, 416

“ 57, 420

xii. 1-5, 416

“ 6-18, 416, 421

“ 7-9, 418

“ 10, 13, 417

“ 14-18, 417

“ 15, 419

“ 20-23, 418

xiii. 1-xvi. 24, 436 ff.

“ 25, 30, 413

“ 29, 421

“ 36-40, 420, 436

xiv. 4-15, 414

“ 5, 421

“ 16, 421, 422

“ 17-23, 422

“ 18, 27, 48 f., 416, 418

“ 20-22, 421

“ 24, 421

“ 27-47, 418

“ 30, 35, 134

“ 41 ff., 134, 282 f., 433

xv. 6-21, 422 f.

“ 9, 10, 437

“ 27, 437

xvi. 14-17, 438

“ 22, 24, 438

“ 23, 24, 413, 416

1 (3) ESDRAS

i. 1-58, 440

ii. 1 ff., 447, 448

“ 1-15, 440 f.

“ 15-25, 447, 448

“ 16-30, 441 f., 448

iii. 1-12, 451

“ 1-v. 6, 441 ff., 445, 447, 451 ff.

“ 13-17, 451

“ 17_b_-24, 451 f.

iv. 1-12, 452

“ 13, 453

“ 13-57, 452 f.

“ 29 ff., 443

“ 58-63, 453

v. 1-6, 453

“ 4-6, 441

“ 7-73, 441, 447

vi. 1-vii. 15, 441

viii. 1 ff., 448

“ 1-ix. 36, 441 f.

ix. 37-55, 442

THE BOOK OF WISDOM

i.-xi. 1, 259

“ 1, 467

“ 1-5, 281

“ 4-7, 244

“ 6-11, 470

“ 7, 86

“ 12 ff., 84, 277 f.

“ 12-16, 280 f.

“ 13-15, 468

“ 15, 84

ii.-v., 462

“ -xi., 465

“ 1-9, 457

“ 1-20, 470

“ 7-9, 471 f.

“ 10-20, 460 ff.

“ 12, 266 f., 459

“ 15, 462

“ 21-24, 471

“ 23, 24, 474, 477

“ 24, 305

iii. 1, 9, 284

“ 1-9, 285, 298 f., 471

“ 8, 285, 299, 474

“ 10 ff., 299, 471 f.

iv. 1, 237

“ 19, 300

“ 20, 472

v., 468

“ 1-14, 299, 472

“ 2, 300

“ 15 ff., 286 f., 299 f.

“ 17-20, 474 f.

vi. 1, 467

“ 2, 462

“ 4, 267

“ 5-9, 460

“ 17-20, 471 f.

“ 19, 84

vii.-ix., 469

“ 17, 475

“ 19, 20, 80

“ 22-24, 86, 458

“ 22-viii. 1, 465, 468, 477

“ 25, 26, 243

“ 27, 86, 259

viii. 1, 86

“ 1, 8, 259

“ 4, 244

“ 6, 465

“ 7, 87, 458

“ 17, 18, 298

“ 19, 458

“ 19, 20, 277

ix. 1, 2, 4, 17, 244

“ 1-6, 468

“ 6, 243 f.

“ 10, 11, 259

“ 15, 458, 476

“ 15, 16, 84

x. 1 ff., 465

“ 7, 477

“ 16 ff., 473

“ 17, 18, 304

xi. 1, 467

“ 1 ff., 473

“ 2-xix., 465

“ 17, 85, 458

“ 23, 476

“ 23-26, 468

xii., 477

“ 10, 11, 277, 310

“ 12, 459

“ 19, 462, 468

“ 22 ff., 457 f.

xiii., xiv., 477

“ -xv., 472 f.

“ 1, 466

“ 2, 3, 475 f.

“ 10-19, 507

xiv., 458, 462

“ 1 ff., 259 f.

“ 2, 466

“ 3, 458

“ 6-20, 462

“ 7, 464

“ 16, 17, 462

xv. 1, 466

“ 2, 8, 81, 83

“ 3, 84

“ 7, 476 f.

“ 10, 459

“ 13-17, 507

“ 18, 19, 458

xvi.-xix., 473

“ 1, 9, 458

“ 7, 468

xvii. 21, 300

“ 24, 249

xviii. 4, 458

“ 15, 244

“ 15, 16, 304

xix. 5, 462

“ 18-21, 87, 475

2 MACCABEES

i.-ii. 18, 490 ff.

“ 1-9, 490 ff.

“ 8, 9, 264

“ 9, 18, 487

“ 13-17, 491

“ 20-22, 492

“ 27, 283

“ 31-34, 492

ii. 1-12, 492

“ 16, 487

“ 18, 283

“ 19, 20, 487

“ 19-32, 479, 481

“ 22, 487

“ 24, 25, 480

“ 30-31, 479

iii. 1 ff., 508

“ 1-39, 481

“ 1-iv. 6, 486

“ 12, 487

“ 15-39, 493

“ 22-30, 489

“ 24 ff., 302 f.

“ 40-iv. 50, 482

iv. 7-17, 34, 35

“ 7-vii. 41, 486

“ 13-17, 264, 488

“ 20, 35

v. 1.-vii. 42, 482

“ 15, 487

“ 20, 493

“ 22, 485

vi., vii. 494

“ 1-11, 35

“ 11, 487

“ 12-16, 274, 484, 487, 493

“ 19, 28, 494

“ 23-28, 493

“ 26, 292

vii., 493

“ 1, 7, 9, 14, 494

“ 9, 264, 292

“ 9, 11, 14, 489

“ 10, 11, 292

“ 11, 22, 23, 484, 487

“ 14, 292

“ 23, 29, 292, 494

“ 36, 292

viii. 1-36, 482

“ 19-26, 493

“ 23, 176

“ 26, 487

ix. 1-29, 482, 491

“ 5, 488

“ 5-29, 488

x. 1, 488

“ 1-3, 487

“ 1-8, 482, 487 f.

“ 5-8, 487, 490 f.

“ 6, 494

“ 6 f., 487

“ 9-38, 482

“ 14-38, 485

“ 29-31, 489

“ 35-37, 486

“ 37, 485

xi. 1-38, 482

“ 6-11, 303, 489

“ 13, 488

“ 35 ff., 494

xii. 1-xiii. 26, 482

“ 10-45, 485

“ 11, 28, 488

“ 31, 38, 487

“ 35, 485

“ 39-42, 488

“ 43-45, 292, 484, 487, 489

xiii. 15, 488

“ 22, 23, 485

xiv. 1 ff., 485

“ 1-xv. 36, 482

“ 6, 125

“ 46, 292 f., 484, 487, 490

xv. 11-16, 303, 484, 487

“ 36, 487

“ 37-39, 482

THE BOOK OF BARUCH

i. 3, 4, 496

“ -iii. 8, 497 ff.

“ 6-10, 496

“ 11-13, 14, 496

“ 15-ii. 12, 496

“ 15-iii. 8, 389, 500 ff.

ii. 13-17, 501

“ 13-iii. 8, 496

“ 17, 293, 502

“ 19, 274, 502

iii. 9-iv. 4, 264 f., 309,
496 f., 503 f.

“ 19, 293

iv. 1 ff., 265

“ 3, 4, 265

“ 5-v. 9, 258, 306, 497, 504 ff.

“ 25, 31 ff., 283

“ 35, 305

“ 36, 37, 505

“ 36-v. 9, 283

v. 1, 2, 505

“ 7, 8, 505 f.

_Ep. of Jer._

7, 302

2 (4) ESDRAS

i., ii., 509 ff.

iii.-ix., 275

iii.-x., 265, 283, 309, 311, 513 ff.

iii.-xiv., 509

“ 1, 514

“ 1-v. 19, 522 ff.

“ 19, 266

“ 20-22, 275

“ 21, 22, 523

“ 25, 26, 275

“ 29, 514

iv. 1-11, 303

“ 10, 11, 258, 524

“ 11, 294

“ 21, 524

“ 30, 266, 275

“ 33-37, 303

“ 36, 37, 98

v. 1-12, 285 f.

“ 21-vi. 34, 524

“ 39, 304

“ 40, 258 f.

vi. 32, 101

“ 35-ix. 25, 524 ff.

“ 38, 237

“ 59, 525

vii. 21, 304

“ 26-31, 297

“ 26-44, 525

“ 28, 29, 283 f.

“ 32 ff., 297

“ 56-59, 103

“ 72, 266

“ 75, 294

“ 78-87, 295

“ 83, 100

“ 88, 293, 296

“ 88-99, 295

“ 96, 293

“ 100, 293

“ 101, 294

“ 102-105, 102 f.

“ 102-115, 296

“ 113, 114, 296

“ 118, 275

“ 125, 101

“ 130, 303

viii. 29, 100

“ 35, 276

“ 38, 39, 295

“ 53, 294

ix. 7-12, 100

“ 19, 526

“ 22, 526

“ 24, 101

“ 26-x. 59, 526 f.

“ 31-37, 265

“ 36, 293

x. 27, 527

“ 55-57, 527

xi.-xii. 39, 284, 312, 517 ff.

“ 13-17, 520

“ 22, 24, 520

“ 34, 35, 520

“ 46, 258

xii. 18, 520

“ 26, 27, 519

“ 32, 284

“ 34, 285

“ 36-38, 186

xiii., 284, 312, 515 ff.

“ 8-13, 285

“ 25, 26, 284

“ 31 f., 517

“ 48, 49, 517

“ 52, 517

xiv., 284, 312

“ 9, 284

“ 22, 26, 529

“ 44-47, 187, 191

xv., xvi., 509, 511 f.

“ 5-27, 511

“ 10-12, 512

“ 28-33, 512

“ 28-xvi. 17, 511

“ 34 ff., 512

“ 46, 512

xvi. 18-78, 511

INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE PSEUDEPIGRAPHA

PAGE
THE BOOK OF ENOCH

i. 8, 96

v. 4, 99, 100

i.-xxxvi., 206

vi.-xxxvi., 207

x. 16, 102

x. 21, 103

xi. 1, 2, 104

xx. 8, 303

xxxii. 3, 245

xxxvii. 1-4, 246

xxxvii.-lxxi., 205, 208

xlii. 1, 2, 246

xlv. 3, 106

xlviii. 3, 4, 106

“ 4, 104

“ 7, 106

xlix. 1, 104

“ 3, 246

l. 2-5, 104

li. 2, 3, 106

“ 3, 246

lxi. 8, 106

lxix. 6, 269

“ 11, 207

“ 27-29, 106

lxxii.-lxxxii., 206

“ 1, 204

“ 2, 3, 246

lxxxii. 4-7, 204

lxxxiv. 3, 246

“ 6, 102

xc. 30, 104

xci.-civ., 207

“ 10, 245

“ 14, 104

xcii. 7, 8, 97

xciii. 12-17, 206

xciv. 5, 246

xcix. 2, 100

“ 10, 246

“ 14, 100

cii. 6-8, 107, 205

ciii. 1-8, 108, 109

civ. 1, 102

cviii. 1, 186

“ 7, 101

SIBYLLINE ORACLES

iii. 271, 53

“ 276 ff., 100

“ 702-726, 104

“ 798-806, 210

v. 260-285, 210

“ 414 ff., 106

TEST. XII PATR.

Sim. vi. 7, 213

Levi ii. 2, 104

“ viii. 14, 212

“ xiv. 2, 213

“ “ 3, 4, 104

“ xviii. 10, 11, 109

Jud. xxiv. 1, 106

“ “ 5, 6, 212

Naph. iv. 5, 212

Gad v. 3, 214

“ vi. 3-7, 214

PSALMS OF SOLOMON

v. 4, 216

ix. 6, 216

xi. 3, 505

“ 5-7, 505 f.

“ 8, 505 f.

xvii. 23 ff., 215

xvii., xviii., 106

BOOK OF JUBILEES

v. 13 ff., 103

vi. 3, 151

“ 34 ff., 151

ASSUMPTION OF MOSES

i. 12, 103

“ 16-18, 187

ix. 6, 101

x., 219

ASCENSION OF ISAIAH

ii. 1-iii. 12, 220

iii. 13-v. 1, 220

v. 2-14, 220

vi.-xi., 220

x., 219

SECRETS OF ENOCH

xxx. 8, 247

xxxiii. 3, 247

xliii. 2, 247

lix. 2., 221

lxviii. 2, 186

SYR. APOC. OF BARUCH

xiv. 19, 114

xix. 3, 100

lix. 2, 100

lxvii. 5, 104

lxxxv. 9, 103

LETTER OF ARISTEAS

12, 13, 57

121, 122, 56

4 MACCABEES

xviii. 12, 149

INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT

ST. MATTHEW

iii. 7, 145

iv. 16, 369

v. 17-20, 141

vi. 1-6, 369

“ 14, 346

“ 19-21, 369

vii. 7, 511

“ 12, 369

xi. 19, 346 f.

xv. 1-20, 141

xvi. 1, 145

xviii. 15, 214

xxii. 23 ff., 147

“ 37-39, 214

xxiii. 4-26, 121

“ 15, 131

“ 37, 511

xxiv. 22, 511

xxv. 13, 32, 511

“ 35, 36, 369

“ 39, 347

xxviii. 39, 347

ST. MARK

ii. 16, 127

iv. 2, 192

vii. 1-23, 141

ix. 48, 289, 312

ST. LUKE

i. 7, 346

v. 30, 127

vi. 31, 369

vii. 35, 347

xi. 37-54, 141

“ 50, 51, 511

xii. 19, 20, 346

xvii. 3, 214

ST. JOHN

i. 1-3, 238

ACTS

iv. 1, 147

v. 1 ff., 145

ix. 36, 370

x. 4, 370

xii. 15, 148

xvii. 23, 23

xix. 9, 195

xxiii. 1-10, 145

“ 8, 147, 148, 158

“ 9, 127

ROMANS

i. 2, 176

ii. 4, 476

v. 12, 474

vi. 23, 370

ix. 19-23, 476 f.

xi. 32, 476

1 CORINTHIANS

ii. 6-16, 477

v. 12, 13, 192

vi. 2, 3, 474

xv. 21, 22, 474

xvi. 2, 370

“ 41-44, 512

2 CORINTHIANS

v. 1, 4, 476

viii. 12, 370

ix. 9, 369

GALATIANS

iv. 3, 475

“ 8, 9, 475 f.

vi. 16, 162

EPHESIANS

v. 18, 370

vi. 11-20, 474 f.

COLOSSIANS

ii. 8, 475

“ 20, 475

iv. 5, 192

1 THESSALONIANS

iv. 3, 370

“ 12, 192

1 TIMOTHY

i. 17, 370

vi. 6, 370

“ 19, 370

2 TIMOTHY

iii. 15, 176

HEBREWS

v. 12, 476

xi. 37, 220

“ 38, 494

ST. JAMES

i. 5, 347

“ 13, 14, 347

“ 19, 347

iii. 2, 348

“ 5, 6, 348

“ 8, 348

“ 10, 348

v. 4, 348

“ 7, 348

“ 16, 17, 348

2 PETER

iii. 8, 221

“ 10, 12, 476

ST. JUDE

14, 15, 208

REVELATION

xx. 2, 370

xxi. 10-21, 371

INDEX OF PASSAGES FROM RABBINICAL LITERATURE

MISHNAH

Aboth i. 9, 393

“ ii. 4, 132

Eduyoth v. 3, 170

Jadaim iii. 2, 5, 175

“ iii. 5, 170

“ iv. 5, 6, 175

Niddah iv. 2, 131

Sanhedrin vi. 2, 392

“ x. 1, 192

TALMUD

Jebamoth 49_b_, 194

Sanhedrin 11_a_, 173

“ 90_b_, 147

“ 100_a_, 173

“ 100_b_, 340

Shabbath (Talm. Jer.) xvi., 193

Yoma 21_b_, 173

MIDRASH

Sifre 143_b_, 83

_Printed for_ ROBERT SCOTT, _Publisher_, PATERNOSTER ROW,
LONDON, E.C., _by_ BUTLER & TANNER, FROME.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] His first victory was in B.C. 334 on the river Granicus, where he overcame the generals of Darius. In 333 came the decisive victory at Issus, when Darius himself was defeated. In 332 Alexander marched victoriously down the coast of Syria. In 331 he became master of Egypt; and later in the same year he inflicted a crushing defeat again on Darius, taking Babylon and Susa. In 330 he continued his victories in Persia. During the next five years he was occupied in the further east, fighting with invariable success. He died suddenly in 323.

[2] _Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius_, pp. 4 ff.

[3] See, e.g., Wendland, _Op. cit._, pp. 2-11, and the works of Wilamovitz referred to by him.

[4] _The House of Seleucus_, I, p. 17.

[5] Swete, _Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek_ (1st ed.), p. 294.

[6] _The Philology of the Greek Bible_, p. 61. See also an interesting article by M. F. Jones, “The Language of the New Testament,” in the _Church Quarterly Review_, October, 1913, pp. 113-133.

[7] Cp. Krüger, _Op. cit._, p. 9.

[8] Cp. Wendland, _Op. cit._, p. 54.

[9] The city was founded in B.C. 331.

[10] Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school, was born in B.C. 342, and died in B.C. 270. Cp. Bevan, _Stoics and Sceptics_, Lecture ii. pp. 47-81.

[11] Cp. Wendland, _Op. cit._, p. 49.

[12] Bevan, _The House of Seleucus_, pp. 9, 10.

[13] Cp. Wendland, _Op. cit._, p. 107.

[14] B.C. 341-270, his lifetime thus coincided almost exactly with that of Zeno.

[15] This had, it is true, to some extent taken place in earlier times as well; but not in the way in which it was done during the Hellenistic period, of which it was _characteristic_.

[16] Cp. Kaerst, _Op. cit._, II, i. pp. 279 ff.

[17] See Kaerst, _Op. cit._, II, i. p. 279; and on the general subject, Rev. G. Friedländer, _Hellenism and Christianity_, chap. II.

[18] Wendland, _Op. cit._, p. 128, where references to original authorities will be found. We are reminded of Acts xvii. 23, where St. Paul speaks of an altar which he had seen with the inscription: “To an unknown god.” On the whole subject of altars dedicated to “unknown gods” an immense deal of valuable matter will be found in Norden’s _Agnostos Theos_, pp. 31-124 (1913).

[19] Ezra vii. 10, x. 11.

[20] See Ezra ix. 1, 2.

[21] Cp. Ezra x. 17.

[22] Cheyne, _Job and Solomon_, p. 181.

[23] It may be well to recall here the following facts; at the death of Alexander in B.C. 323 his empire was divided thus among his generals: Antigonus obtained the provinces of Greater Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia; Seleucus, Babylonia; Ptolemy, Egypt; Lysimachus, the Hellespont; and Cassander, Macedonia (cp. Josephus, _Antiq._, XII. i. 1). Incessant wars, however, went on among these rulers. But in B.C. 302 an alliance against Antigonus was made, or rather renewed, by the four other kings; and in the following year, as a result of the battle of Ipsus, the kingdom of Antigonus (he, in common with the other rulers, had assumed the title of king) came to a final end. The victorious allies divided his kingdom among themselves thus: Seleucus got Syria proper; Lysimachus, a large portion of Asia Minor; Cassander, Macedonia and Greece; while to the Egyptian kingdom of Ptolemy was added Cœle-Syria (not, however, without a protest from Seleucus), which remained in the possession of the Ptolemys for a century; it was finally conquered by Antiochus III (the Great), through his victory at Panias (B.C. 198), and it thus reverted to the Syrian kingdom.

[24] Cp. Schechter, _Studies in Judaism_ (Second Series), p. 72.

[25] He had, for example, settled Macedonians in Samaria.

[26] See further, Grote, _The History of Greece_, X, pp. 208 ff.

[27] _Op. cit._, II, i. pp. 57-58, German ed. II, p. 95. Cp. also Josephus, _Antiq._, XIII, xiii. 3, _Bell. Jud._, II, xxi. 9.

[28] “So long as the Jewish State existed the principle of solidarity remained in force.... But as soon as the nation is dead, when the bonds that unite men in the organism of national life are dissolved, then the idea of individual responsibility comes into immediate operation” (_Expositor’s Bible_, p. 143; ed. by W. Robertson Nicoll).

[29] Fairweather and Black, _The First Book of Maccabees_, p. 60 (Cambridge Bible).

[30] _Jerusalem under the High-priests_, p. 35.

[31] See Josephus, _Antiq._, XII, v. 1; see also Büchler’s _Die Tobiaden und die Oniaden_ ..., pp. 8 ff.

[32] Josephus, _Antiq._, XII, iii. 1, says that in Antioch the Jews had privileges equal to those of the Macedonians and Greeks.

[33] A broad-brimmed hat which, as the mark of Hermes, was the badge of the _palæstra_ (wrestling-school).

[34] See also verses 18-20, and vi. 1-11; and cp. 1 Macc. xi. 21.

[35] Though Hellenistic influence asserted itself again at the beginning of the Christian era; it was, in effect, never wholly thrown off.

[36] _Op. cit._, II, i. pp. 31-47, German ed. II, pp. 59-89; and see also Krauss, _Talmudische Archäologie_, II, pp. 349 ff.

[37] _Op. cit._, II, i. p. 30, German ed. II, p. 57.

[38] _Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte_, pp. 297 f. (1907).

[39] Cp. what was said in the preceding chapter about religious syncretism being a characteristic of the Hellenistic Movement.

[40] _Transactions of the International Congress for the History of Religions_, I, pp. 276 f. (1908).

[41] _Op. cit._, pp. 488 f.

[42] For details see Oesterley and Box, _The Religion and Worship of the Synagogue_, pp. 195-221 (1911).

[43] _Jerusalem under the High-priests_, pp. 41 f., and see Lecture III in the same writer’s book, _Stoics and Sceptics_, pp. 85-118.

[44] Quoted by Reinach, _Textes d’auteurs grecs et romains relatifs au Judaisme_, pp. 20 f. (1895).

[45] See, for other theories regarding the derivation of the name, Lightfoot, _Colossians_, pp. 349 ff.

[46] Zeller says: “They exhibit so important a relationship to the Neo-Pythagoreans that we can only assume that they arose under the influence of Orphic Pythagorean asceticism, and subsequently, after the formation of a Neo-Pythagorean philosophy, adopted many of its doctrines” (_Outlines of Greek Philosophy_, p. 317). Wendland (_Op. cit._, p. 191, note 2) disagrees with this; he believes it improbable as being a hypothesis insufficiently supported by the facts.

[47] _Bell. Jud._, II, viii. 2.

[48] _Quod omn. prob._, ii. 457. Josephus (_Bell. Jud._, II, viii. 4) says, on the other hand, that “they have no one certain city, but many of them dwell in every city”; but even if they did live in cities in the time of Josephus, they kept entirely to themselves, for he says elsewhere of them that “as they live by themselves they minister one to another” (_Antiq._, XVIII, i. 5).

[49] _De septen._, ii. 279, quoted by Friedländer, _Die rel. Bewegungen_, p. 124.

[50] _Bell. Jud._, II, viii. 2; cp. also _Antiq._, XVIII, i. 5; Philo, _Frag._, ii. 632 (quoted by Friedländer, _Op. cit._, p. 143); Pliny, _Hist. Nat._, v. 17.

[51] Friedländer, _Op. cit._, p. 43.

[52] _Antiq._, XIII, v. 9.

[53] _Bell. Jud._, II, vii. 11.