Chapter VIII: Appendix: Various Spellings

Authorized by Different Dictionaries.

There are not many words which are differently spelled by the various standard dictionaries. The following is a list of the more common ones.

The form preferred by each dictionary is indicated by letters in parantheses as follows: C., Century; S., Standard; I., Webster's International; W., Worcester; E., English usage as represented by the Imperial. When the new Oxford differs from the Imperial, it is indicated by O. Stormonth's English dictionary in many instances prefers Webster's spellings to those of the Imperial.

accoutre (C., W., E.)
accouter (S., I.)
aluminium (C., I., W., E.)
aluminum (S.)
analyze (C., S., I., W.)
analyse (E.)
anesthetic (C., S.)
anæsthetic (I., W., E.)
appal (C., S., E.)
appall (I., W.)
asbestos (C., S., W., E.)
asbetus (I.)
ascendancy (C., W.)
ascendancy (S., I., E.)
ax (C., S., I.)
axe (W., E.)
ay [forever] (C., S., O.)
aye ¨ (I., W., E.)
aye [yes] (C., S., I., O.)
ay ¨ (W., E.)
bandana (C., E.)
bandanna (S.,{ }I.,{ }W.,{ }O.)
biased (C., S., I., O.)
biassed (W., E.)
boulder (C., S., W., E.)
bowlder (I.)
Brahman (C., S., I., E.)
Brahmin (W., O.)
braize (C., S.)
braise (I., W., E.)
calif (C., S., E.)
caliph (I., W., O.)
callisthenics (C., S., E.)
calisthenics (I., W.)
cancelation (C., S.)
cancellation (I., W., E.)
clue (C., S., E.)
clew (I., W.)
coolie (C., S., E.)
cooly (I., W.)
courtezan (C., I., E.)
courtesan (I., W., O.)
cozy (C., S., I.)
cosey (W., E.)
cosy (O.)
crozier (C., I., E.)
crosier (I., W., O.)
defense (C., S., I.)
defence (W., E.)

despatch (C., S., W., E.) dispatch (I., O.) diarrhea (C., S., I.) diarrhœoa (W., E.) dicky (C., W., O.) dickey (S., I., E.) disk (C., S., I., W., O.) disc (E.) distil (C., S., W., E.) distill (I.) dullness (C., I., O.) dulness (S., W., E.) employee (C., S., E.) employé {[male]}(I., W., O.) encumbrance (C., S., W., I.) incumbrance (I.) enforce——see reinforce engulf (C., S., W., E.) ingulf (I.) enrolment (C., S., W., E.) enrollment (I.) enthrall (C., S., E.) inthrall (I., W.) equivoke (C., S., W.) equivoque (I., E.) escalloped (C., S., O.) escaloped (I., W., E.) esthetic (C., S.) æsthetic (I., W., E.) feces (C., S.) fæces (I., W., E.) fetish (C., S., O.) fetich (I., W., E.) fetus (C., S., I., E.) fœtus (W., O.) flunky (C., S., I., W.) flunkey (E.) fulfil (C., S., W., E.) fulfill (I.) fullness (C., I., O.) fulness (S., W., E.) gage [measure] (C., S.) gauge ¨ (I., W., E{.)} gaiety (C., S., E.) gayety (I., W.) gazel (C., S.) gazelle (I., W., E.) guild (I., W., E.) gild (C., S.) gipsy (C., S., O.) gypsy (I., W., E.) gram (C., S., I.) gramme (W., E.) gruesome (C., S., O.) grewsome (I., W., E.) harken (C., S.) hearken (I., W., E.) hindrance (C., S., I., O.) hinderance (W., E.) Hindu (C., S., E.) Hindoo (I., W.) Hindustani (C., S., E.) Hindoostanee (I.) homeopathic (C., S., I.) homœopathic (W., E.) impale (C., I., E.) empale (S., W.) incase (C., S., I., E.) encase (W., O.) inclose (C., I., E.) enclose (S., W., O.) instil (C., S., W., E.) instill (I.) jewelry (C., S., I., E.) jewellery (W., O.) kumiss (C., S., E.) koumiss (I., W., O.) maugre (C., S., W., E.) mauger (I.) meager (C., S., I.) meagre (W., E.)

medieval (C., S.)
mediæval (I., W., E.)
mold (C., S., I.)
mould (W., E.)
molt (C., S., I.)
moult (W., E)
offense (C., S., I.)
offence (W., E.)
pandoor (C., W., E.)
pandour (S., I.)
papoose (C., S., W., E.)
pappoose (W.)
paralyze (C., S., W., I.)
paralyse (E.)
pasha (C., S., I., E.)
pacha (W.)
peddler (C., I.)
pedler (S., W.)
pedlar (E.)
phenix (C., S., I.)
phœnix (W., E.)
plow (C., S., I.)
plough (W., E.)
pretense (C., S., I.)
pretence (W., E.)
program (C., S.)
programme (I., W., E.)
racoon (C.)
raccoon (S., I., W., E.)
rajah (I., W., E.)
raja (C., S.)
reconnaissance (C., S., E.)
reconnoissance (I., W.)
referable (C., S., I.)
referrible (W., E.)
reinforce (C., E.)
reënforce (S., I., W.)
reverie (C., S., I., E.)
revery (W.)
rhyme (I., W., E.)
rime (C., S.)

rondeau (W., E.)
rondo (C., S., I.)
shinny (C., S.)
shinty (I., W., E.)
skean (C., S., I., E.)
skain (W.)
skilful (C., S., W., E.)
skillful (I.)
smolder (C., S., I.)
smoulder (W., E.)
spoony (C., S., E.)
spooney (I., W.)
sumac (C., S., I., E.)
sumach (W.)
swingletree (C., S., W.)
singletree (I.)
synonym (C., S., I., E.)
synonyme (W.)
syrup (C., E.)
sirup (S., I., W.)
Tartar (I., W., E.)
Tatar (C., S.)
threnody (C., S., W., E.)
threnode (I.)
tigerish (C., S., I.)
tigrish (W., E.)
timbal (C., S.)
tymbal (I., W., E)
titbit (C., S.)
tidbit (I., W., E.)
vise [tool] (C., S., I.)
vice ¨ (W., E.)
vizier (S., I., W., E.)
vizir (C.)
visor (I., W., E.)
vizor (C., S.)
whippletree (S., I., W., E.)
whiffletree (C.)
whimsy (C., S.)
whimsey (I., W., E.)

whisky (C., S., I., E.)
whiskey (W.{, Irish})
wilful (C., S., W., E.)
willful (I.)
woeful (C., I., E.)
woful (S., W.)
worshiped (C., S., I.)
worshipped (W., E.)

All dictionaries but the Century make _envelop_ the verb, _envelope_ the noun. The Century spells the noun _envelop_ as well as the verb.

According to the Century, Worcester, and the English dictionaries, _practise_ (with _s_) is the verb, _practice_ (with _c_) is the noun. The Standard spells both _practise,_ and Webster both practice.

Doubling l.

Worcester and the English dictionaries double a final _l_ in all cases when a syllable is added, Webster, the Century, and the Standard only when the rule requires it. Thus: wool——woollen, Jewel——jewelled, travel——traveller.

Re for er.

The following are the words which Worcester and the English dictionaries spell _re_, while Webster, the Century, and the Standard prefer _er:_ Calibre, centre, litre, lustre, manœuvre (I. maneuver), meagre, metre, mitre, nitre, ochre, ombre, piastre, sabre, sceptre, sepulchre, sombre, spectre, theatre, zaffre,{.}

English words with our.

The following are the words in which the English retain the _u_ in endings spelled _or_ by American dictionaries. All other words, such as _author, emperor,_ etc., though formerly spelled with _u,_ no longer retain it even in England:

Arbour, ardour, armour, behaviour, candour, clamour, colour, contour, demeanour, dolour, enamour, endeavour, favour, fervour, flavour, glamour, harbour, honour, humour, labour, neighbour, odour, parlour, rancour, rigour, rumour, saviour, splendour, succour, tabour, tambour, tremour, valour, vapour, vigour,.

_____________________________________________________________________

THE ART σƒ WRITING & SPEAKING ךђℓ ENGLISH LANGUAGE

SHERWIN CODY

Special S Y S T E M Edition

COMPOSITION & Rhetoric

The Old Greek Press _Chicago New{ }York Boston_

_Revised Edition_.

_Copyright,1903,_ BY SHERWIN CODY.

_Note_. The thanks of the author are due to Dr. Edwin H. Lewis, of the Lewis Institute, Chicago, and to Prof. John F. Genung, Ph. D., of Amherst College, for suggestions made after reading the proof of this series.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.——THE METHOD OF THE MASTERS… 7 СНАРТΕR I. DICTION. CHAPTER II. FIGURES OF SPEECH. CHAPTER III. STYLE. CHAPTER IV. HUMOR.———Addison, Stevenson, Lamb. CHAPTER V. RIDICULE.———Poe. CHAPTER VI. THE RHETORICAL, IMPASSIONED AND LOFTY STYLES. ———Macaulay and De Quincey. CHAPTER VII. RESERVE.———Thackeray. CHAPTER VIII. CRITICISM.———Matthew Arnold and Ruskin. CHAPTER IX. THE STYLE OF FICTION: NARRATIVE, DESCRIPTION, AND DIALOGUE.————Dickens. CHAPTER X. THE EPIGRAMMATIC STYLE.————Stephen Crane. CHAPTER XI. THE POWER OF SIMPLICITY.————The Bible, Franklin, Lincoln. CHAPTER XII. HARMONY OF STYLE.————Irving and Hawthorne. CHAPTER XIII. IMAGINATION AND REALITY.————THE AUDIENCE. CHAPTER XIV. THE USE OF MODELS IN WRITING FICTION. CHAPTER XV. CONTRAST. APPENDIX

COMPOSITION