Chapter III: Part I: Choral Music of the Middle Ages

CHAPTER

I. MUSIC OF THE EARLY AND MEDIÆVAL CHURCH AND EARLY
SECULAR MUSIC 1

The music of the earliest Christian church as evolved
from contemporary practices and systems; the alliance of
the Roman liturgy with music; the _Schola Cantorum_--St.
Ambrose and liturgical music; his hymns; Gregory the
Great and his reforms; the Gregorian antiphonary;
sequences and tropes--Progress in musical methods in
the northern countries; Hucbald and _organum_; Guido of
Arezzo; Franco of Cologne and measured music; growth of
part-singing--Early secular music; the Troubadours and
Trouvères; Adam de la Hâle; the Minnesingers and the
Mastersingers; mediæval secular forms; The early
madrigal and its precursors, the _chanson_ and
_frottola_; ‘Sumer is icumen in’; relation of folk-music
to art-music.

II. THE POLYPHONIC PERIOD 36

The Gallo-Belgic School; the Netherlanders; the mass
and its liturgical significance; the use of secular
subjects--Conditions that fostered continuity of
development: the ‘Mass of Tournay’; Dufay and Okeghem;
Hobrecht’s _Parce Domine_; Josquin des Près’ masses
and motets; his expressive style--The motet as an
extra-liturgical form; its development; its later
characteristic style; distinction between sacred and
secular music--Orlando di Lasso’s ‘Penitential Psalms’;
his tendency toward a simpler style; his _Gustate et
Videte_ and other compositions--Palestrina’s reforms,
methods, and style; his masses, _Papæ Marcelli_,
_Brevis_, and _Assumpta est Maria_; his motets and other
compositions: Vittoria and others--Madrigal writers of
the sixteenth century: Festa, Arcadelt, Willaert, Byrd,
Morley, etc.

III. THE FIRST CENTURY OF PROTESTANT CHURCH MUSIC 76

Martin Luther; the chorale as the nucleus of German
Protestant church music--Early Reformation composers:
Walther, Eccard, Prætorius; influence of church choir
schools in Germany during the Reformation
period--English Protestant music, music of the Anglican
liturgy: the anthem, its early history and style--The
spread of congregational song; psalms and hymns.