Chapter XCVIII: Section 3: , Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: 886 (2) 2162-2000, FAX (29)

Equatorial Guinea
5% (2005 est.)

Eritrea
15% (2005 est.)

Estonia
4.1% (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
11.6% (2005 est.)

European Union
2.2% (2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3.6% (1998)

Faroe Islands
5.1% (1999)

Fiji
3% (2005)

Finland
0.9% (2005 est.)

France
1.7% (2005 est.)

French Guiana
1% (2003)

French Polynesia
1.1% (2006 est.)

Gabon
-0.1% (2005 est.)

Gambia, The
8.8% (2005 est.)

Gaza Strip
7% (includes West Bank) (2003)

Georgia
8.2% (2005 est.)

Germany
2% (2005 est.)

Ghana
15.1% (2005 est.)

Gibraltar
1.5% (1998)

Greece
3.5% (2005 est.)

Greenland
1.6% (1999 est.)

Grenada
3% (2005 est.)

Guadeloupe
NA%

Guam
2.5% (2005 est.)

Guatemala
9.1% (2005 est.)

Guernsey
4.9% (2004 est.)

Guinea
25% (2005 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
4% (2002 est.)

Guyana
6.9% (2005 est.)

Haiti
15.7% (2005 est.)

Honduras
8.8% (2005 est.)

Hong Kong
0.9% (2005 est.)

Hungary
3.6% (2005 est.)

Iceland
4% (2005 est.)

India
4.2% (2005 est.)

Indonesia
10.5% (2005 est.)

Iran
13.5% (2005 est.)

Iraq
33% (2005 est.)

Ireland
2.4% (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
2.7% (2003 est.)

Israel
1.3% (2005 est.)

Italy
2% (2005 est.)

Jamaica
15.3% (2005 est.)

Japan
-0.3% (2005 est.)

Jersey
5.3% (2004)

Jordan
4.5% (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.6% (2005 est.)

Kenya
10.3% (2005 est.)

Kiribati
0.5% (2005 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
2.8% (2005 est.)

Kuwait
4.1% (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
5.2% (2005 est.)

Laos
7% (2005 est.)

Latvia
6.8% (2005 est.)

Lebanon
2.4% (2005 est.)

Lesotho
4.7% (2005 est.)

Liberia
15% (2003 est.)

Libya
3.4% (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein
1% (2001)

Lithuania
2.7% (2005)

Luxembourg
2.5% (2005 est.)

Macau
3.8% (2nd quarter, 2005)

Macedonia
0% (2005 est.)

Madagascar
15% (2005 est.)

Malawi
15.4% (2005 est.)

Malaysia
3% (2005 est.)

Maldives
6% (2005 est.)

Mali
4.5% (2002 est.)

Malta
3% (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands
3% (2005 est.)

Martinique
NA

Mauritania
7% (2003 est.)

Mauritius
5% (2005 est.)

Mayotte
NA%

Mexico
4% (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
2.2% (2005)

Moldova
11.9% (2005 est.)

Monaco
1.9% (2000)

Mongolia
9.5% (2005 est.)

Montenegro
3.4% (2004)

Montserrat
2.6% (2002 est.)

Morocco
1% (2005 est.)

Mozambique
6.5% (2005 est.)

Namibia
2.3% (2005 est.)

Nauru
-3.6% (1993)

Nepal
7.8% (October 2005 est.)

Netherlands
1.7% (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
2.1% (2003 est.)

New Caledonia
-0.6% (2000 est.)

New Zealand
3% (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
9.6% (2005 est.)

Niger
0.2% (2004 est.)

Nigeria
13.5% (2005 est.)

Niue
4% (2005)

Northern Mariana Islands
-0.8% (2000)

Norway
1.6% (2005 est.)

Oman
1.2% (2005 est.)

Pakistan
9.1% (2005 est.)

Palau
2.7% (2005 est.)

Panama
2.9% (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
1.7% (2005 est.)

Paraguay
6.8% (2005 est.)

Peru
1.6% (2005 est.)

Philippines
7.6% (2005 est.)

Poland
2.2% (2005 est.)

Portugal
2.3% (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
6.5% (2003 est.)

Qatar
8.8% (2005 est.)

Reunion
NA%

Romania
9% (2005)

Russia
12.7% (2005 est.)

Rwanda
8% (2005 est.)

Saint Helena
3.2% (1997 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
8.7% (2005 est.)

Saint Lucia
2.9% (2005 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2.1% (1991-96 average)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1% (2005 est.)

Samoa
3.3% (2005)

San Marino
-1.7% (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe
15.2% (2005 est.)

Saudi Arabia
0.4% (2005 est.)

Senegal
1.7% (2005 est.)

Serbia
15.5% (2005 est.)

Seychelles
1.6% (2005 est.)

Sierra Leone
1% (2002 est.)

Singapore
0.4% (2005 est.)

Slovakia
2.7% (2005 est.)

Slovenia
2.5% (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
6.6% (2005 est.)

Somalia
NA%; note - businesses print their own money, so inflation
rates cannot be easily determined

South Africa
4% (2005 est.)

Spain
3.4% (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
11.6% (2005 est.)

Sudan
9% (2005 est.)

Suriname
9.5% (2005 est.)

Swaziland
4% (2005 est.)

Sweden
0.5% (2005 est.)

Switzerland
1.2% (2005 est.)

Syria
5% (2005 est.)

Taiwan
2.3% (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
7.1% (2005 est.)

Tanzania
4.3% (2005 est.)

Thailand
4.5% (2005 est.)

Togo
6% (2005 est.)

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
11.1% (2005 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
6.9% (2005 est.)

Tunisia
2.1% (2005 est.)

Turkey
8.2% (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
10.5% (2005 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4% (1995)

Tuvalu
3.7% (2003 est.)

Uganda
8.1% (2005 est.)

Ukraine
13.5% (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
10.5% (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
2.1% (2005 est.)

United States
3.2% (2005 est.)

Uruguay
4.7% (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
6.9% (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
-1.6% (2005 est.)

Venezuela
16% (2005 est.)

Vietnam
8.3% (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
2.2% (2003)

Wallis and Futuna
2.8% NA%

West Bank
7% (includes Gaza Strip) (2003 est.)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 20% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in one Third World countries (Zimbabwe); inflation rates have
declined for most countries for the last several years, held in
check by increasing international competition from several low wage
countries (2005 est.)

Yemen
11.8% (2005 est.)

Zambia
18.3% (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
266.8% official data; private sector estimates are much
higher (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2093 Waterways (km)

Afghanistan
1,200 km (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to
500 DWT) (2005)

Albania
43 km (2006)

Angola
1,300 km (2005)

Argentina
11,000 km (2005)

Australia
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and
Murray-Darling river systems) (2002)

Austria
358 km (2003)

Bangladesh
8,372 km
note: includes 5,635 km main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200
km in dry season (2005)

Belarus
2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country
and by shallowness) (2003)

Belgium
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003)

Belize
825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2005)

Benin
150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2005)

Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2005)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sava River (northern border) open to shipping
but use limited (2006)

Brazil
50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population)
(2005)

Brunei
209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2005)

Bulgaria
470 km (2006)

Burma
12,800 km (2005)

Burundi
mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2003)

Cambodia
2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)

Cameroon
navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy
season (2005)

Canada
631 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)

Central African Republic
2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and
Sangha rivers) (2005)

Chad
Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)

China
123,964 km (2003)

Colombia
18,000 km (2005)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (2005)

Congo, Republic of the
4,385 km (on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2005)

Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons) (2005)

Croatia
785 km (2006)

Cuba
240 km (2005)

Czech Republic
664 km (principally on Elbe as well as Vltava and
Oder rivers) (2005)

Denmark
400 km (2001)

Ecuador
1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2005)

Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,
and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m
(2005)

El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)

Estonia
500 km (2005)

European Union
53,512 km

Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
(2004)

Finland
7,842 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased
from Russia (2005)

France
8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons)
(2000)

French Guiana
3,760 km
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2003)

Gabon
1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2005)

Gambia, The
390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can
reach 190 km) (2004)

Germany
7,467 km
note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North
Sea and Black Sea (2005)

Ghana
1,293 km
note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano
rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta
(2005)

Greece
6 km
note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens
sea voyage by 325 km (2006)

Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during high-water season (2004)

Guinea
1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)

Guinea-Bissau
four largest rivers are navigable for some distance;
many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior
(2006)

Guyana
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2005)

Honduras
465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2005)

Hungary
1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2006)

India
14,500 km
note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for
mechanized vessels (2005)

Indonesia
21,579 km (2005)

Iran
850 km (850 km on Karun River; additional service on Lake
Urmia) (2006)

Iraq
5,279 km
note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third
River (565 km) are principal waterways (2004)

Ireland
753 km (pleasure craft only) (2005)

Italy
2,400 km
note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared
to road and rail (2004)

Japan
1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2006)

Kazakhstan
4,000 km (on the Ertis (Irtysh) (80%) and Syr Darya
(Syrdariya) rivers) (2005)

Kenya
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
(2003)

Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003)

Korea, North
2,250 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2006)

Korea, South
1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2006)

Kyrgyzstan
600 km (2006)

Laos
4,600 km
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2005)

Latvia
300 km (2005)

Liechtenstein
28 km (2005)

Lithuania
425 km (2005)

Luxembourg
37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)

Madagascar
600 km (2005)

Malawi
700 km (on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River) (2006)

Malaysia
7,200 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km
(2005)

Mali
1,815 km (2005)

Mexico
2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals) (2005)

Moldova
424 km (on Dniester River) (2005)

Mongolia
580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol (135 km); Selenge
River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry
little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May
to September (2004)

Mozambique
460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora
Bassa Lake) (2002)

Netherlands
6,183 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2005)

Nicaragua
2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (2005)

Niger
300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya
between September and March) (2005)

Nigeria
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and
creeks) (2005)

Norway
1,577 km (2002)

Panama
800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2005)

Papua New Guinea
10,940 km (2003)

Paraguay
3,100 km (2005)

Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca (2005)

Philippines
3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m)
(2005)

Poland
3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2005)

Portugal
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)

Romania
1,731 km
note: includes 1,075 km on Danube River, 524 km on secondary
branches, and 132 km on canals (2005)

Russia
102,000 km (including 33,000 km with guaranteed depth)
note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White
Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2005)

Rwanda
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
(2005)

Senegal
1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance
rivers) (2005)

Serbia
587 km - primarily on Danube and Sava rivers (2005)

Sierra Leone
800 km (600 km year round) (2005)

Slovakia
172 km (on Danube River) (2005)

Spain
1,000 km (2003)

Sri Lanka
160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2005)

Sudan
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile
rivers) (2005)

Suriname
1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m)
(2005)

Sweden
2,052 km (2005)

Switzerland
65 km (Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee) (2003)

Syria
900 km (not economically significant) (2005)

Tajikistan
200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)

Tanzania
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal
avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable
(2005)

Thailand
4,000 km
note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2005)

Togo
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)

Turkey
1,200 km (2005)

Turkmenistan
1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland
waterways) (2006)

Uganda
on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and
parts of Albert Nile (2005)

Ukraine
2,253 km (most on Dnieper River) (2006)

United Kingdom
3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003)

United States
41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2004)

Uruguay
1,600 km (2005)

Uzbekistan
1,100 km (2006)

Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Orinoco River and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing
vessels, Orinoco for 400 km (2005)

Vietnam
17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)
(2005)

World
671,886 km (2004)

Zambia
2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and
Luapula rivers) (2005)

Zimbabwe
on Lake Kariba, length small (2005)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan
the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama
or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms
by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate
High Courts and Appeals Courts (note - nine supreme court justices
were appointed in the interim in January 2005 pending National
Assembly selection of the constitutionally mandated justices); there
is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human
Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with
investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Albania
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by
the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals
and district courts

Algeria
Supreme Court

American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola
Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are
appointed by the president)

Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)

Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member
Caribbean Court of Justice

Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba
Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the
monarch)

Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)

Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan
Supreme Court

Bahamas, The
Privy Council (London); Courts of Appeal; Supreme
(lower) Court; magistrates courts

Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)

Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice
Council)

Belize
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
BH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities);
note - a War Crimes Chamber opened in March 2005
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts

Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)

Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed for life
by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of
Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life);
note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal
employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70

British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction

Brunei
Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by
monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in
London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Shariah courts deal
with Islamic laws (2006)

Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive

Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)

Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)

Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal

Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts

Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected every three years by the 20-member court); Constitutional
Tribunal

China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate, and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia
four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme
Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of
criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees
of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of
State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from
the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms);
Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the
constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the
constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council
(administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves
jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are
elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)

Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands
High Court

Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members

Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)

Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in north Cyprus

Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
appointed by the National Judicial Council comprised of the
president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president
of the Supreme Court, and an additional non-governing party
congressional representative)

East Timor
Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one
judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by
Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is
established, Court of Appeals is highest court

Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the
Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in
December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire
court via a simple-majority resolution)

Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea
High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also
have military and special courts

Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

European Union
Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures
that the treaties are interpreted and applied correctly) - 25
justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term;
note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 11
justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 25
justices appointed for a six-year term

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Supreme Court (chief justice is a
nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over
civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands
none

Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The
Supreme Court

Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's or chairman of the Supreme Court's recommendation);
Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts

Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana
Supreme Court

Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of a court of
Appeal and a High Court of Justice (a High Court judge is assigned
to and resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is
Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent
five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of
the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by
the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the president, one
elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala,
and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte
Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and
elect a president of the Court each year from among their number;
the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)

Guernsey
Royal Court

Guinea
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and
misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature, consisting of the High Court and
the Judicial Court of Appeal, with right of final appeal to the
Caribbean Court of Justice

Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope
PIUS XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India
Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are
appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the
age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")

Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a
separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by
the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court
assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower
court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor
Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in
January 2006

Iran
Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary
court, and a special administrative court

Iraq
Supreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by the
Presidency Council

Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Isle of Man
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Israel
Supreme Court (justices appointed by Judicial Selection
Committee - made up of all three branches of the government;
mandatory retirement age is 70)

Italy
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after
designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the
cabinet)

Jersey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);
High Court

Kiribati
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges
at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South
Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with
consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices
appointed by president based partly on nominations by National
Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)

Kuwait
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on
the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's
Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia
Supreme Court

Libya
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal
or Obergericht

Lithuania
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judges for all courts appointed by the President

Luxembourg
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2
district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau
Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region

Macedonia
Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges;
Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican
Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges

Madagascar
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives
High Court

Mali
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Marshall Islands
Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court

Martinique
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius
Supreme Court

Mayotte
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico
Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia
Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with
consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of
Supreme Court

Moldova
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved
by the president)

Montenegro
Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms);
Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)

Montserrat
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of
the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for a separate
Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence
the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru
Supreme Court

Nepal
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note -
Judges appointed by the Governor-General

Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on
the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court

Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
judges who practice secular and Shari'a law

Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines
Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and
serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan
(special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Pitcairn Islands
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor

Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar
Court of Appeal
note: under a judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court
systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court,
the Court of Cassation, established for appeals

Reunion
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed
for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the
Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister
of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society
representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and
prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the
Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions
regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and
internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members
serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the
president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies

Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration
Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda
Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial
Courts; District Courts; mediation committees

Saint Helena
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and
Titles Court

San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals

Serbia
Constitutional Court (nine justices with life tenure)

Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges
elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)

Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal

Somalia
following the breakdown of the central government, most
regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either
secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Shari'a (Islamic) law
with a provision for appeal of all sentences

South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan
Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court;
National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial
Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National
Judiciary

Suriname
Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate
court (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)

Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes
and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices
appointed for four-year terms by the President); High Judicial
Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the President);
Court of Cassation (national level); State Security Courts (hear
cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts
(religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce); Courts of
First Instance (local level; include magistrate, summary, and peace
courts)

Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen
and approved by Privy Council)

Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president after consultation with the prime
minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are
appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal
Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Caribbean Court of
Appeals member; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the
Privy Council in London

Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey
Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay);
Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military
High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court

Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States
Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the
president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate;
appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United
States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia
(magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single
12-year term)

Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges
appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen
Supreme Court

Zambia
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe
Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

======================================================================

@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan
15 million (2004 est.)

Albania
1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (2004
est.)

Algeria
10.15 million (2005 est.)

American Samoa
17,630 (2005)

Andorra
48,740 (2004)

Angola
5.58 million (2005 est.)

Anguilla
6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda
30,000

Argentina
15.34 million (2005 est.)

Armenia
1.2 million (2005)

Aruba
41,500 (2004 est.)

Australia
10.42 million (2005 est.)

Austria
3.49 million (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
5.45 million (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
176,300 (2004)

Bahrain
380,000
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(2005 est.)

Bangladesh
66.6 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion
in 1998-99 (2005 est.)

Barbados
128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus
4.3 million (31 December 2005)

Belgium
4.77 million (2005 est.)

Belize
90,000
note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel
(2001 est.)

Benin
3.211 million

Bermuda
38,360 (2004)

Bhutan
NA
note: major shortage of skilled labor

Bolivia
4.22 million (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.026 million (2001)

Botswana
288,400 formal sector employees (2004)

Brazil
90.41 million (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands
12,770 (2004)

Brunei
146,300
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary
residents make up about 40% of labor force (2003 est.)

Bulgaria
3.34 million (2005 est.)

Burkina Faso
5 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)

Burma
27.75 million (2005 est.)

Burundi
2.99 million (2002)

Cambodia
7 million (2003 est.)

Cameroon
6.86 million (2005 est.)

Canada
16.3 million (December 2005)

Cape Verde
120,600

Cayman Islands
23,450 (2004)

Central African Republic
NA

Chad
2.719 million

Chile
6.3 million (2005 est.)

China
791.4 million (2005 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
20.52 million (2005)

Comoros
144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
14.51 million

Congo, Republic of the
NA

Cook Islands
6,820 (2001)

Costa Rica
1.82 million (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
6.95 million (68% agricultural) (2005 est.)

Croatia
1.71 million (2005 est.)

Cuba
4.6 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2005 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 370,000, north Cyprus: 95,025 (2005 est.)

Czech Republic
5.27 million (2005 est.)

Denmark
2.9 million (2005 est.)

Djibouti
282,000 (2000)

Dominica
25,000 (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic
2.3 million-2.6 million (2000 est.)

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
4.6 million (urban) (2005 est.)

Egypt
21.34 million (2005 est.)

El Salvador
2.81 million (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
NA

Eritrea
NA

Estonia
670,000 (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
27.27 million

European Union
218.5 million (2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,724 (est.)

Faroe Islands
24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji
137,000 (1999)

Finland
2.61 million (2005 est.)

France
27.72 million (2005 est.)

French Guiana
62,630 (1999)

French Polynesia
65,870 (December 2005)

Gabon
640,000 (2005 est.)

Gambia, The
400,000 (1996)

Gaza Strip
278,000 (April-June 2005)

Georgia
2.04 million (2004 est.)

Germany
43.32 million (2005 est.)

Ghana
10.62 million (2005 est.)

Gibraltar
12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)

Greece
4.72 million (2005 est.)

Greenland
24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada
42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe
191,400 (1999)

Guam
62,050 (2002 est.)

Guatemala
3.76 million (2005 est.)

Guernsey
32,290 (2001)

Guinea
3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau
480,000 (1999)

Guyana
418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti
3.6 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City)
NA

Honduras
2.54 million (2005 est.)

Hong Kong
3.61 million (October 2005)

Hungary
4.18 million (2005 est.)

Iceland
165,900 (2005 est.)

India
496.4 million (2005 est.)

Indonesia
94.2 million (2005 est.)

Iran
23.68 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)

Iraq
7.4 million (2004 est.)

Ireland
2.03 million (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
39,690 (2001)

Israel
2.42 million (2005 est.)

Italy
24.49 million (2005 est.)

Jamaica
1.2 million (2005 est.)

Japan
66.4 million (2005 est.)

Jersey
52,790 (2004)

Jordan
1.46 million (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.85 million (2005 est.)

Kenya
11.85 million (2005 est.)

Kiribati
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence
farmers (2001 est.)

Korea, North
9.6 million

Korea, South
23.53 million (2005 est.)

Kuwait
1.67 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
2.7 million (2000)

Laos
2.8 million (2002 est.)

Latvia
1.11 million (2005 est.)

Lebanon
2.6 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(2001 est.)

Lesotho
838,000 (2000)

Libya
1.64 million (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein
29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria,
Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)

Lithuania
1.61 million (2005 est.)

Luxembourg
316,500 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers
commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2005 est.)

Macau
251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)

Macedonia
855,000 (2004 est.)

Madagascar
7.3 million (2000)

Malawi
4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia
10.67 million (2005 est.)

Maldives
88,000 (2000)

Mali
3.93 million (2001 est.)

Malta
160,000 (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands
14,680 (2000)

Martinique
165,900 (1998)

Mauritania
786,000 (2001)

Mauritius
570,000 (2005 est.)

Mayotte
44,560 (2002)

Mexico
43.4 million (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
37,410

Moldova
1.34 million (2005 est.)

Monaco
41,110
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)

Mongolia
1.488 million (2003)

Montenegro
259,100 (2004)

Montserrat
4,521
note: lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)

Morocco
11.19 million (2005 est.)

Mozambique
9.2 million (2000 est.)

Namibia
820,000 (2005 est.)

Nepal
10.4 million
note: severe lack of skilled labor (2004 est.)

Netherlands
7.53 million (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
83,600 (2005)

New Caledonia
78,990 (including 11,300 unemployed) (2004)

New Zealand
2.13 million (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
2.01 million (2005 est.)

Niger
70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the
public sector (2002 est.)

Nigeria
57.21 million (2005 est.)

Niue
NA 663

Norfolk Island
1,345

Northern Mariana Islands
44,470 total indigenous labor force; 2,699
unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (2000)

Norway
2.4 million (2005 est.)

Oman
920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan
46.84 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2005 est.)

Palau
9,777 (2005)

Panama
1.39 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
2.413 million (2004)

Paraguay
2.68 million (2005 est.)

Peru
9.06 million (2005 est.)

Philippines
36.73 million (2005 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
15 able-bodied men (2004)

Poland
17.1 million (2005 est.)

Portugal
5.52 million (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
1.3 million (2000)

Qatar
440,000 (2005 est.)

Reunion
299,000 (2002)

Romania
9.31 million (2005 est.)

Russia
74.22 million (2005 est.)

Rwanda
4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena
2,486
note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
18,170 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia
43,800 (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3,261 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
41,680 (1991 est.)

Samoa
90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino
19,970 (2003)

Sao Tome and Principe
35,050

Saudi Arabia
6.76 million
note: more than 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is
non-national (2005 est.)

Senegal
4.82 million (2005 est.)

Serbia
2.961 million for Serbia (including Kosovo) (2002 est.)

Seychelles
30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone
1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore
2.28 million (September 2005 est.)

Slovakia
2.24 million (30 September 2005 est.)

Slovenia
920,000 (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
249,200 (1999)

Somalia
3.7 million (very few skilled laborers)

South Africa
15.23 million economically active (2005 est.)

Spain
20.67 million (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
8.08 million (2005 est.)

Sudan
7.415 million (1996 est.)

Suriname
156,700 (2004)

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
155,700 (2003)

Sweden
4.49 million (2005 est.)

Switzerland
3.8 million (2005 est.)

Syria
5.12 million (2004 est.)

Taiwan
10.6 million (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
3.7 million (2003)

Tanzania
19.22 million (2005 est.)

Thailand
35.36 million (2005 est.)

Togo
1.302 million (1998)

Tokelau
440

Tonga
33,910 (2003)

Trinidad and Tobago
620,000 (2005 est.)

Tunisia
3.41 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)

Turkey
24.7 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
2.32 million (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu
3,615 (2004 est.)

Uganda
13.17 million (2005 est.)

Ukraine
22.67 million (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.8 million (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
30.07 million (2005 est.)

United States
149.3 million (includes unemployed) (2005 est.)

Uruguay
1.52 million (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
14.26 million (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
76,410

Venezuela
12.31 million (2005 est.)

Vietnam
44.39 million (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
43,980 (2004 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
NA 3,104

West Bank
614,000 (April-June 2005)

Western Sahara
12,000

World
3.001 billion (2005 est.)

Yemen
5.83 million (2005 est.)

Zambia
4.8 million (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
3.94 million (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

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@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan
total: 5,529 km
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Akrotiri
total: 47.4 km
border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km