Chapter III: Experiments with University Students, Trained in Athletics (4)

Dinner.—Consommé 200 grams, bread 84 grams, butter 35 grams, Hamburg steak 119 grams, boiled potato 200 grams, spinach 100 grams, apple pie 138 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Bread 53 × 1.60 = 0.848 grams.
Stewed potato 148 × 0.32 = 0.474
Butter 22 + 35 = 57 × 0.15 = 0.086
String beans 110 × 0.34 = 0.374
Consommé 200 × 0.38 = 0.760
Bread 84 × 1.80 = 1.512
Hamburg steak 119 × 3.64 = 4.332
Potato 200 × 0.38 = 0.760
Spinach 100 × 0.53 = 0.530
Apple pie 138 × 0.43 = 0.593
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.269 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.770

Fuel value of the food 2006 calories.

_Thursday, May 19, 1904._

Breakfast.—None.

Lunch.—Bread 82 grams, butter 32 grams, potato 232 grams, omelette 60 grams, apple-tapioca 180 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, bread 57 grams, butter 15 grams, macaroni 107 grams, fried sweet potato 100 grams, bacon 28 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Bread 82 × 1.60 = 1.312 grams.
Butter 32 + 15 = 47 × 0.15 = 0.071
Potato 232 × 0.49 = 1.137
Omelette 60 × 1.58 = 0.948
Apple-tapioca 180 × 0.28 = 0.504
Bread 57 × 1.74 = 0.992
Tomato soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Macaroni 107 × 0.93 = 0.995
Bacon 28 × 3.00 = 0.840
Fried sweet potato 100 × 0.38 = 0.380
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.239 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.730

Fuel value of the food 1900 calories.

_Friday, May 20, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 70 grams, baked potato 142 grams, roll 84 grams, butter 32.5 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Lunch.—Fish-ball 85 grams, potato 175 grams, lima beans 60 grams, bread 57 grams, butter 17 grams, bread pudding 336 grams.

Dinner.—Consommé 150 grams, halibut 110 grams, potato 186 grams, string beans 50 grams, bread 72 grams, butter 18 grams, cranberry sauce 163 grams, sugar 19 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 70 × 0.20 = 0.140 grams.
Butter 32.5 + 17 + 18 = 67.5 × 0.15 = 0.101
Roll 84 × 1.72 = 1.445
Coffee 150 × 0.06 = 0.090
Cream 50 × 0.44 = 0.220
Sugar 21 + 19 = 40 × 0.00 = 0.000
Potato 142 × 0.40 = 0.568
Potato 175 × 0.30 = 0.525
Fish-ball 85 × 1.22 = 1.037
Bread 57 × 1.71 = 0.975
Bread pudding 336 × 0.99 = 3.326
Lima beans 60 × 0.76 = 0.456
Bread 72 × 1.97 = 1.418
Potato 186 × 0.34 = 0.632
Fish (halibut) 110 × 3.18 = 3.498
String beans 50 × 0.36 = 0.180
Cranberry sauce 163 × 0.03 = 0.049
Consommé 150 × 0.59 = 0.885
------
Total nitrogen in food 15.545 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 12.480

Fuel value of the food 2798 calories.

_Saturday, May 21, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 184 grams, cream 80 grams, boiled Indian-meal 155 grams, baked potato 140.5 grams, butter 15 grams, sugar 7 grams.

Lunch.—Lamb chop 25 grams, tomato 148 grams, potato croquette 147 grams, fried Indian-meal 47.5 grams, syrup 48 grams, bread 35 grams, water ice 162 grams.

Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bread 25 grams, butter 19 grams, bacon 29 grams, fried potato 150 grams, orange salad 67 grams, stewed prunes 208 grams, cream 50 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Boiled Indian-meal 155 × 0.17 = 0.264 grams.
Banana 184 × 0.23 = 0.423
Cream 80 + 50 = 130 × 0.43 = 0.559
Baked potato 140.5 × 0.40 = 0.562
Sugar 7 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 15 + 19 = 34 × 0.15 = 0.051
Lamb chop 25 × 4.63 = 1.158
Tomato 148 × 0.17 = 0.252
Potato croquette 147 × 0.71 = 1.044
Bread 35 × 1.82 = 0.637
Fried Indian-meal 47.5 × 1.09 = 0.518
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Water ice 162 × 0.012 = 0.019
Bread 25 × 1.62 = 0.405
Orange salad 67 × 0.21 = 0.141
Stewed prunes 208 × 0.16 = 0.332
Fried potato 150 × 0.60 = 0.900
Bacon 29 × 3.05 = 0.885
Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.977 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.760

Fuel value of the food 2661 calories.

_Sunday, May 22, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 126 grams, baked potato 169 grams, roll 43 grams, butter 15 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 53 grams, butter 15.5 grams, macaroni 165 grams, potato 150 grams, fried rice 114 grams, syrup 48 grams, ice cream 148 grams, cake 45 grams.

Dinner.—Celery soup 150 grams, fried potato 50 grams, spinach 40 grams, mashed potato 50 grams, chicken 85 grams, strawberry short-cake 213 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 126 × 0.20 = 0.252 grams.
Roll 43 × 1.67 = 0.718
Butter 15 + 15.5 = 30.5 × 0.15 = 0.046
Potato 169 × 0.40 = 0.676
Bread 53 × 1.57 = 0.832
Macaroni 165 × 0.46 = 0.759
Potato 150 × 0.30 = 0.450
Cake 45 × 1.20 = 0.540
Ice cream 148 × 0.53 = 0.784
Fried rice 114 × 0.75 = 0.855
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Fried potato 50 × 0.57 = 0.285
Spinach 40 × 0.55 = 0.220
Chicken 85 × 3.02 = 2.567
Strawberry short-cake 213 × 0.50 = 1.065
Celery soup 150 × 0.33 = 0.495
Mashed potato 50 × 0.37 = 0.185
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.741 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.980

Fuel value of the food 2788 calories.

_Monday, May 23, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 225 grams, griddle cakes 127 grams, syrup 96 grams, roll 62 grams, butter 9.5 grams.

Lunch.—Consommé 100 grams, scrambled eggs 82 grams, fried potato 150 grams, rice croquette 150 grams, syrup 72 grams, bread 24 grams, butter 15 grams, apple sauce 125 grams.

Dinner.—Vegetable soup 100 grams, bread 51 grams, butter 17 grams, bacon 59 grams, potato croquette 80 grams, macaroni 100 grams, water ice 184 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 225 × 0.23 = 0.518 grams.
Griddle cakes 127 × 0.91 = 1.156
Butter 9.5 + 15 + 17 = 41.5 × 0.15 = 0.062
Roll 62 × 1.63 = 1.011
Syrup 96 + 72 = 168 × 0.024 = 0.040
Scrambled eggs 82 × 2.07 = 1.697
Fried potato 150 × 0.60 = 0.900
Rice croquette 150 × 0.61 = 0.915
Apple sauce 125 × 0.020 = 0.025
Consommé 100 × 0.65 = 0.650
Bread 24 × 1.64 = 0.394
Bread 51 × 1.75 = 0.893
Bacon 59 × 3.28 = 1.935
Potato croquette 80 × 0.77 = 0.610
Macaroni 100 × 0.87 = 0.870
Water ice 184 × 0.006 = 0.011
Vegetable soup 100 × 0.48 = 0.480
------
Total nitrogen in food 12.167 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 10.040

Fuel value of the food 3100 calories.

_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._

Breakfast.—None.

Lunch.—Cream of celery soup 100 grams, bread 35 grams, butter 10 grams, farina croquette 88 grams, potato 150 grams, stewed prunes 176 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 150 grams, Hamburg steak 77 grams, potato 150 grams, spinach 75 grams, farina croquette 107 grams, syrup 48 grams, bread 30.5 grams, butter 7.5 grams, cream pie 162 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Bread 35 × 1.64 = 0.574 grams.
Butter 10 + 7.5 = 17.5 × 0.15 = 0.026
Farina croquette 88 × 0.74 = 0.651
Potato 150 × 0.26 = 0.390
Prunes 176 × 0.17 = 0.299
Cream of celery soup 100 × 0.48 = 0.480
Tomato soup 150 × 0.19 = 0.285
Hamburg steak 77 × 3.96 = 3.049
Potato (fried) 150 × 0.46 = 0.690
Spinach 75 × 0.54 = 0.405
Bread 30.5 × 1.82 = 0.555
Cream pie 162 × 0.93 = 1.507
Farina croquette 107 × 0.76 = 0.813
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.736 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.710

Fuel value of the food 2151 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Schenker._

Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).

May 18 10.269 grams. 8.77 grams. 8.0 grams.
19 8.239 8.73 41.0
20 15.545 12.48 26.5
21 9.977 8.76 43.4
22 10.741 9.98 29.0
23 12.167 10.04 14.7
24 9.736 8.71 20.5
11.0
------ ------ ------
193.4 grams contain 6.50% N.
76.674 67.47 + 12.571 grams nitrogen.
------ ----------------------
76.674 grams nitrogen. 80.041 grams nitrogen.

Nitrogen balance for seven days = -3.367 grams.
Nitrogen balance per day = -0.481 gram.

Average Intake.

Calories per day 2486.
Nitrogen per day 10.95 grams.

In this seven days’ balance trial, there were taken in with the food 76.674 grams of nitrogen, with an output of 67.47 grams of nitrogen through the urine and 12.571 grams through the fæces, thus showing a minus balance of 3.367 grams of nitrogen for the seven days. The fuel value of the food averaged 2486 calories per day, while the average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen amounted to 9.63 grams. Schenker’s daily nitrogen excretion for the last two months of the experiment averaged 9.82 grams. Presumably, the slight minus balance of nitrogen was due to the relatively small fuel value of the food, which doubtless was not quite sufficient for the body-weight, and the degree of bodily activity then prevailing.

* * * * *

With G. W. Anderson, a plus balance was obtained as follows:

G. W. ANDERSON.

_Wednesday May 18, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 103 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 42 grams, cream 125 grams, fried rice 45 grams, baked potato 92 grams, roll 65 grams, butter 11 grams.

Lunch.—Soup 150 grams, farina croquette 88 grams, sweet potato 206 grams, string beans 75 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 15.5 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 30 grams.

Dinner.—Consommé 200 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 20 grams, Hamburg steak 109 grams, mashed potato 150 grams, coffee 200 grams, cream 30 grams, sugar 24 grams, spinach 100 grams, apple pie 150 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Butter 11 + 15.5 + 20 = 46.5 × 0.15 = 0.070 grams.
Sugar 42 + 24 + 14 = 80.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Banana 103.0 × 0.23 = 0.237
Cream 125 + 30 + 30 = 185.0 × 0.46 = 0.851
Fried rice 45.0 × 0.75 = 0.338
Roll 65.0 × 1.66 = 1.079
Potato 92.0 × 0.39 = 0.359
Coffee 150 + 150 + 200 = 500.0 × 0.06 = 0.300
Bread 62.0 × 1.60 = 0.992
Soup 150.0 × 0.41 = 0.615
Farina croquette 88.0 × 1.09 = 0.959
Sweet potato 206.0 × 0.32 = 0.659
String beans 75.0 × 0.34 = 0.255
Bread 59.0 × 1.80 = 1.062
Soup (consommé) 200.0 × 0.38 = 0.760
Hamburg steak 109.0 × 3.64 = 3.968
Potato 150.0 × 0.38 = 0.570
Spinach 100.0 × 0.53 = 0.530
Apple pie 150.0 × 0.43 = 0.645
------
Total nitrogen in food 14.249 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.870

Fuel value of the food 3323 calories.

_Thursday, May 19, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 170 grams, cream 140 grams, sugar 28 grams, coffee 150 grams, baked potato 127 grams, rolls 47 grams, butter 15 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 50 grams, butter 18 grams, fried potato 150 grams, fried hominy 100 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 200 grams, fried sweet potato 70 grams, macaroni 125 grams, spinach 105 grams, bacon 13 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 40 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 170 × 0.23 = 0.391 grams.
Cream 140 + 50 + 40 = 230 × 0.46 = 1.058
Sugar 28 + 14 + 14 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 15 + 18 + 15 = 48 × 0.15 = 0.072
Rolls 47 × 1.66 = 0.780
Potato 127 × 0.39 = 0.495
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Bread 50 × 1.60 = 0.800
Fried potato 150 × 0.32 = 0.480
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Hominy 100 × 0.67 = 0.670
Bread 46 × 1.74 = 0.800
Soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Fried sweet potato 70 × 0.38 = 0.266
Macaroni 125 × 0.93 = 1.163
Spinach 105 × 0.56 = 0.588
Bacon 13 × 3.00 = 0.390
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.295 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.360

Fuel value of the food 2932 calories.

_Friday, May 20, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 70 grams, roll 120 grams, butter 33 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 50 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 48 grams, butter 19 grams, fish-cake 81 grams, potato 200 grams, lima beans 50 grams, fried hominy 118 grams, syrup 96 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Consommé 100 grams, boiled halibut 143 grams, mashed potato 177 grams, string beans 90 grams, stewed cranberry 76 grams, bread 56 grams, butter 16 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Butter 33 + 19 + 16 = 68 × 0.15 = 0.102 grams.
Orange 70 × 0.20 = 0.140
Rolls 120 × 1.72 = 2.064
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Cream 50 + 50 + 50 = 150 × 0.44 = 0.660
Bread 48 × 1.71 = 0.821
Fish-cake 81 × 1.22 = 0.988
Potato 200 × 0.30 = 0.600
Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380
Fried hominy 118 × 0.57 = 0.673
Syrup 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Bread 56 × 1.97 = 1.104
Consommé 100 × 0.59 = 0.590
Halibut 143 × 3.18 = 4.547
Mashed potato 177 × 0.34 = 0.602
Sugar 28 + 14 + 14 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000
String beans 90 × 0.36 = 0.324
Cranberry 76 × 0.03 = 0.023
------
Total nitrogen in food 13.911 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.950

Fuel value of the food 3052 calories.

_Saturday, May 21, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 157 grams, roll 61 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 58 grams, butter 17 grams, lamb chop 33 grams, potato croquettes 138 grams, tomato 161 grams, water ice 162 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 75 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 22.5 grams, bacon 15 grams, lettuce salad 64 grams, fried potato 100 grams, stewed prunes 283 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 157.0 × 0.23 = 0.361 grams.
Roll 61.0 × 1.65 = 1.007
Cream 50 + 50 + 50 = 250.0 × 0.43 = 1.075
Butter 15 + 17 + 22.5 = 54.5 × 0.15 = 0.082
Sugar 28 + 21 + 14 = 63.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450.0 × 0.06 = 0.270
Bread 58.0 × 1.82 = 1.056
Lamb chop 33.0 × 4.63 = 1.528
Potato croquettes 138.0 × 0.71 = 0.980
Tomato 161.0 × 0.17 = 0.274
Water ice 162.0 × 0.012 = 0.019
Bread 59.0 × 1.62 = 0.956
Soup 75.0 × 1.21 = 0.908
Bacon 15.0 × 3.05 = 0.458
Prunes 175 + 108 = 283.0 × 0.16 = 0.453
Salad 64.0 × 0.21 = 0.134
Fried potato 100.0 × 0.60 = 0.600
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.161 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.510

Fuel value of the food 2826 calories.

_Sunday, May 22, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, oatmeal 100 grams, potato 103 grams, butter 16 grams, roll 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 125 grams, sugar 35 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 47 grams, butter 14.5 grams, macaroni 116 grams, potato 150 grams, fried rice 85 grams, syrup 48 grams, ice cream 169 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 100 grams, bread 40.5 grams, butter 16 grams, fried potato 50 grams, mashed potato 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, strawberry short-cake 214 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 80 × 0.20 = 0.160 grams.
Butter 16 + 14.5 + 16 = 46.5 × 0.15 = 0.070
Oatmeal 100 × 0.43 = 0.430
Sugar 35 + 14 + 14 + 7 = 70 × 0.00 = 0.000
Potato 103 × 0.40 = 0.412
Cream 125 + 50 + 100 = 275 × 0.45 = 1.238
Roll 50 × 1.67 = 0.835
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Bread 47 × 1.57 = 0.738
Macaroni 116 × 0.46 = 0.534
Potato 150 × 0.30 = 0.450
Fried rice 85 × 0.75 = 0.638
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Ice cream 169 × 0.53 = 0.896
Bread 40.5 × 1.91 = 0.774
Celery soup 100 × 0.33 = 0.330
Fried potato 50 × 0.57 = 0.285
Mashed potato 100 × 0.37 = 0.370
Strawberry short-cake 214 × 0.50 = 1.070
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.512 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.500

Fuel value of the food 3429 calories.

_Monday, May 23, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 211 grams, roll 59 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Lunch.—Consommé 100 grams, bread 63 grams, butter 15 grams, rice 113 grams, syrup 48 grams, sugar 14 grams, fried potato 170 grams, apple sauce 125 grams.

Dinner.—Vegetable soup 100 grams, bread 70 grams, butter 16 grams, bacon 42 grams, potato croquettes 49 grams, macaroni 105 grams, string beans 184 grams, water ice 148 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 211 × 0.23 = 0.485 grams.
Butter 15 + 15 + 16 = 46 × 0.15 = 0.069
Cream 150 × 0.45 = 0.675
Roll 59 × 1.63 = 0.962
Sugar 28 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 × 0.06 = 0.090
Bread 63 × 1.64 = 1.033
Consommé 100 × 0.65 = 0.650
Apple sauce 125 × 0.02 = 0.025
Fried rice 113 × 0.61 = 0.689
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Fried potato 170 × 0.60 = 1.020
Bread 70 × 1.75 = 1.225
Vegetable soup 100 × 0.70 = 0.700
Macaroni 105 × 0.87 = 0.914
Bacon 42 × 3.28 = 1.378
Potato croquettes 149 × 0.77 = 1.147
String beans 184 × 0.22 = 0.405
Water ice 148 × 0.006 = 0.009
------
Total nitrogen in food 11.488 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.900

Fuel value of the food 3057 calories.

_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, roll 55 grams, butter 16 grams, potato 91 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 19 grams, mashed potato 200 grams, farina croquettes 87 grams, syrup 48 grams, stewed prunes 138 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 150 grams, bread 43 grams, butter 15 grams, Hamburg steak 82 grams, fried potato 150 grams, spinach 85 grams, rice croquettes 57 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams, lemon pie 125 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Butter 16 + 19 + 15 = 50 × 0.15 = 0.075 grams.
Orange 80 × 0.20 = 0.160
Roll 55 × 1.64 = 0.902
Potato 91 × 0.25 = 0.228
Coffee 150 + 150 = 300 × 0.06 = 0.180
Cream 50 + 50 = 100 × 0.45 = 0.450
Sugar 21 + 14 = 35 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 62 × 1.66 = 1.029
Celery soup 150 × 0.48 = 0.720
Mashed potato 200 × 0.26 = 0.520
Farina croquettes 87 × 0.74 = 0.644
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Prunes 138 × 0.17 = 0.235
Soup 150 × 0.19 = 0.285
Bread 43 × 1.82 = 0.783
Hamburg steak 82 × 3.96 = 3.247
Fried potato 150 × 0.46 = 0.690
Spinach 85 × 0.54 = 0.459
Rice croquettes 57 × 0.76 = 0.433
Lemon pie 125 × 0.93 = 1.163
------
Total nitrogen in food 12.226 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.450

Fuel value of the food 3022 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—_G. W. Anderson._

Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).

May 18 14.249 grams. 8.87 grams.
19 9.295 8.36
20 13.911 9.95 12.0 grams.
21 10.161 8.51 46.0
22 9.512 6.50 39.0
23 11.488 6.90 67.0
24 12.226 8.45
------ ------ ------
164.0 grams contain 6.92% N.
80.842 57.54 + 11.349 grams nitrogen.
------ ----------------------
80.842 grams nitrogen. 68.889 grams nitrogen.

Nitrogen balance for seven days = +11.953 grams.
Nitrogen balance per day = +1.707 grams.

Average Intake.

Calories per day 3091
Nitrogen per day 11.55 grams.

With G. W. Anderson, the balance trial was characterized by an intake of 80.842 grams of nitrogen, with an output for the seven days of 57.54 grams through the urine and 11.349 grams through the fæces, thus making a total excretion of 68.889 grams of nitrogen, and showing a plus balance of 11.953 grams. In other words, the body of this subject, under the conditions prevailing, was storing up nitrogen for future use at the rate of 1.7 grams per day. This also means that a daily intake of 9.8 grams of nitrogen would have been quite sufficient to maintain nitrogen equilibrium, certainly with the large fuel value of the food taken, _i. e._, 3091 calories per day as the average value.

The average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen during the balance period amounted to 8.22 grams, while the average daily excretion for the last two months of the experiment was 8.81 grams.

* * * * *

With Stapleton, the following results were obtained, showing a distinct positive balance:

STAPLETON.

_Wednesday, May 18, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 118 grams, bread 29 grams, butter 11 grams, sugar 56 grams, cream 125 grams.

Lunch.—Tomato soup 247 grams, bread 37 grams, butter 9 grams, croquettes 97 grams, potato 100 grams, string beans 46 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 109 grams, butter 40 grams, Hamburg steak 87 grams, potato 150 grams, spinach 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 30 grams, apple pie 110 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 118 × 0.23 = 0.271 grams.
Butter 11 + 9 + 40 = 60 × 0.15 = 0.090
Bread 29 × 1.66 = 0.481
Sugar 35 + 21 + 30 = 86 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 125 + 50 + 100 = 275 × 0.46 = 1.265
Tomato soup 247 × 0.41 = 1.013
Bread 37 × 1.60 = 0.592
Croquettes 97 × 1.09 = 1.057
Sweet potato 100 × 0.32 = 0.320
String beans 46 × 0.34 = 0.156
Coffee 150 + 150 = 300 × 0.06 = 0.180
Bread 109 × 1.80 = 1.962
Hamburg steak 87 × 3.64 = 3.167
Potato 150 × 0.38 = 0.570
Spinach 100 × 0.53 = 0.530
Apple pie 110 × 0.43 = 0.473
------
Total nitrogen in food 12.127 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.670

Fuel value of the food 3109 calories.

_Thursday, May 19, 1904._

Breakfast.—None.

Lunch.—Bread 48 grams, butter 14 grams, omelette 125 grams, boiled onion 63 grams, fried sweet potato 100 grams, coffee 300 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 56 grams, apple pudding 146 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, bread 42 grams, butter 9 grams, macaroni 75 grams, potato 36 grams, spinach 70 grams, bacon 16 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Coffee 300 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 grams.
Butter 14 + 9 = 23 × 0.15 = 0.035
Bread 48 × 1.60 = 0.768
Omelette 125 × 1.58 = 1.975
Onions 63 × 0.27 = 0.170
Sugar 56 + 21 = 77 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 150 + 50 = 200 × 0.47 = 0.940
Potato 100 × 0.49 = 0.490
Apple pudding 146 × 0.28 = 0.409
Bread 42 × 1.74 = 0.731
Tomato soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Macaroni 75 × 0.93 = 0.698
Fried sweet potato 36 × 0.38 = 0.137
Spinach 70 × 0.56 = 0.392
Bacon 16 × 3.00 = 0.480
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.555 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.580

Fuel value of the food 2072 calories.

_Friday, May 20, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 150 grams, roll 65 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 35 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 64 grams, butter 18 grams, fish-cake 72 grams, potato 150 grams, lima beans 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, bread pudding 150 grams.

Dinner.—Fish 113 grams, string beans 62 grams, potato 150 grams, rice croquettes 102 grams, syrup 48 grams, stewed cranberry 95 grams, bread 33 grams, butter 16 grams, coffee 300 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 42 grams.

Evening.—Beer 750 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 150 × 0.20 = 0.300 grams.
Sugar 35 + 21 + 42 = 98 × 0.00 = 0.000
Roll 65 × 1.72 = 1.118
Coffee 150 + 150 + 300 = 600 × 0.06 = 0.360
Cream 50 + 100 + 100 = 250 × 0.44 = 1.100
Bread 64 × 1.71 = 1.094
Butter 18 + 16 = 34 × 0.15 = 0.051
Fish-cake 72 × 1.22 = 0.878
Potato 150 × 0.30 = 0.450
Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380
Bread pudding 150 × 0.99 = 1.485
String beans 62 × 0.36 = 0.223
Fish 113 × 3.18 = 3.593
Bread 33 × 1.97 = 0.650
Potato 150 × 0.34 = 0.510
Rice croquettes 102 × 1.06 = 1.081
Cranberry 95 × 0.030 = 0.029
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Beer 750 × 0.069 = 0.518
------
Total nitrogen in food 18.832 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.510

Fuel value of the food 2999 calories.

_Saturday, May 21, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 74 grams, baked potato 95 grams, roll 71 grams, butter 18 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 30 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 48 grams, butter 14 grams, lamb chop 27 grams, potato croquette 91 grams, tomato 105 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams, water ice 185 grams.

Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, fried egg 127 grams, bacon 2 grams, fried potato 108 grams, bread 77 grams, butter 18 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams, jelly roll 56 grams.

Evening.—Beer 600 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 74 × 0.23 = 0.170 grams.
Roll 71 × 1.65 = 1.172
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 30 + 21 + 21 = 72 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 100 + 50 + 50 = 200 × 0.43 = 0.860
Potato 95 × 0.40 = 0.380
Butter 18 + 14 + 18 = 50 × 0.15 = 0.075
Bread 48 × 1.82 = 0.874
Lamb chop 27 × 4.63 = 1.250
Croquette (potato) 91 × 0.71 = 0.646
Tomato 105 × 0.17 = 0.179
Water ice 185 × 0.012 = 0.022
Bread 77 × 1.62 = 1.247
Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815
Fried egg 127 × 2.27 = 2.883
Bacon 2 × 3.05 = 0.061
Fried potato 108 × 0.60 = 0.648
Jelly roll 56 × 0.86 = 0.482
Beer 600 × 0.069 = 0.414
------
Total nitrogen in food 13.448 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.640

Fuel value of the food 2871 calories.

_Sunday, May 22, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 60 grams, oatmeal 150 grams, wheat roll 51 grams, butter 17 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 49 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 37 grams, butter 13 grams, potato 114 grams, macaroni 115 grams, fried rice 92 grams, coffee 300 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 42 grams, ice cream 104 grams, cake 37.5 grams.

Dinner.—Chicken 89 grams, spinach 100 grams, fried potato 70 grams, bread 46 grams, butter 12 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 30 grams, strawberry short-cake 195 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Roll 51 × 1.67 = 0.852 grams.
Sugar 49 + 42 + 30 = 121 × 0.00 = 0.000
Orange 60 × 0.20 = 0.120
Oatmeal 150 × 0.43 = 0.645
Coffee 150 + 300 + 150 = 600 × 0.06 = 0.360
Cream 100 + 100 + 100 = 300 × 0.45 = 1.350
Butter 17 + 13 + 12 = 42 × 0.15 = 0.063
Potato 114 × 0.30 = 0.342
Macaroni 115 × 0.46 = 0.529
Bread 37 × 1.57 = 0.581
Fried rice 92 × 0.75 = 0.690
Ice cream 104 × 0.53 = 0.551
Cake 37.5 × 1.20 = 0.450
Spinach 100 × 0.55 = 0.550
Chicken 89 × 3.02 = 2.688
Fried potato 70 × 0.57 = 0.399
Bread 46 × 1.91 = 0.879
Short-cake 195 × 0.50 = 0.975
------
Total nitrogen in food 12.024 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.560

Fuel value of the food 3442 calories.

_Monday, May 23, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 98 grams, roll 68 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 40 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 53 grams, butter 17.5 grams, boiled eggs 101 grams, apple sauce 130 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 17 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 28 grams, butter 7 grams, bacon 40 grams, macaroni 62 grams, potato croquette 69 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams, water ice 116 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 98 × 0.23 = 0.225 grams.
Butter 15 + 17.5 + 7 = 39.5 × 0.15 = 0.059
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Cream 100 + 50 + 50 = 200 × 0.45 = 0.900
Sugar 40 + 17 + 21 = 78 × 0.00 = 0.000
Roll 68 × 1.63 = 1.108
Bread 53 × 1.64 = 0.869
Apple sauce 130 × 0.02 = 0.026
Boiled eggs 101 × 2.07 = 2.091
Bread 28 × 1.75 = 0.490
Macaroni 62 × 0.87 = 0.539
Bacon 40 × 3.28 = 1.312
Potato croquette 69 × 0.77 = 0.531
Water ice 116 × 0.006 = 0.007
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.427 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.030

Fuel value of the food 2346 calories.

_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, roll 118 grams, butter 23 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 25 grams.

Lunch.—Soup 100 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 15.5 grams, potato 100 grams, farina croquettes 109 grams, tomato sauce 75 grams, boiled onions 107 grams, stewed prunes 105 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 18 grams.

Dinner.—Celery soup 150 grams, Hamburg steak 63 grams, potato 100 grams, spinach 50 grams, bread 32 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 16 grams, cream pie 79 grams.

Evening.—Beer 750 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Roll 118 × 1.64 = 1.935 grams.
Orange 80 × 0.20 = 0.160
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Cream 50 + 100 + 50 = 200 × 0.45 = 0.900
Sugar 25 + 18 + 16 = 59 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 23 + 15.5 + 15 = 53.5 × 0.15 = 0.080
Bread 59 × 1.66 = 0.979
Tomato sauce 75 × 0.23 = 0.173
Onions 107 × 0.30 = 0.321
Celery soup 100 × 0.48 = 0.480
Potato 100 × 0.26 = 0.260
Farina croquettes 109 × 0.74 = 0.807
Prunes 105 × 0.17 = 0.179
Hamburg steak 63 × 3.96 = 2.495
Potato 100 × 0.46 = 0.460
Soup 150 × 0.19 = 0.285
Bread 32 × 1.82 = 0.582
Spinach 50 × 0.54 = 0.270
Cream pie 79 × 0.93 = 0.735
Beer 750 × 0.069 = 0.518
------
Total nitrogen in food 11.889 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.040

Fuel value of the food 2822 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Stapleton._

Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).

May 18 12.127 grams. 9.67 grams. 39.6 grams.
19 8.555 8.58 34.5
20 13.832 9.51 65.3
21 13.448 9.64 17.8
22 12.024 9.56 11.4
23 8.427 8.03 27.7
24 11.889 9.04
------ ------ ------
196.3 grams contain 7.08% N.
80.302 64.03 + 13.898 grams nitrogen.
------ ----------------------
80.302 grams nitrogen. 77.928 grams nitrogen.

Nitrogen balance for seven days = +2.374 grams.
Nitrogen balance per day = +0.339 gram.

Average Intake.

Calories per day 2809.
Nitrogen per day 11.47 grams.

With this subject, the total intake of nitrogen for the seven days’ period was 80.302 grams. The output of nitrogen through the urine amounted to 64.03 grams, while 13.898 grams were passed out through the fæces, making a total output of 77.928 grams of nitrogen. This shows a plus balance of 2.374 grams of nitrogen for the seven days, indicating a gain to the body of 0.339 gram per day. The fuel value of the food averaged 2809 calories per day, while the daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen averaged 9.14 grams. This is in close agreement with the average daily excretion of nitrogen through the urine of this subject for the last two months of the experiment, viz., 9.00 grams of nitrogen.

* * * * *

With W. L. Anderson, the following results were obtained:

W. L. ANDERSON.

_Wednesday, May 18, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 90 grams, fried rice 150 grams, syrup 50 grams, wheat roll 64 grams, butter 11 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 125 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Lunch.—Tomato soup 247 grams, bread 19 grams, butter 16.5 grams, sweet potato 105 grams, farina croquette 115 grams, syrup 60 grams, coffee 150 grams, milk 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Consommé 250 grams, bread 52 grams, butter 20 grams, Hamburg steak 117 grams, boiled potato 150 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 90 × 0.23 = 0.207 grams.
Cream 125 + 50 + 50 = 225 × 0.46 = 1.035
Sugar 21 + 14 + 14 = 49 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Roll 64 × 1.66 = 1.063
Butter 11 + 16.5 + 20 = 47.5 × 0.15 = 0.071
Rice 150 × 0.75 = 1.125
Syrup 50 + 60 = 110 × 0.024 = 0.026
Tomato soup 247 × 0.41 = 1.013
Bread 19 × 1.60 = 0.304
Sweet potato 105 × 0.32 = 0.336
Farina croquette 115 × 1.09 = 1.690
Bread 52 × 1.80 = 0.936
Consommé 250 × 0.38 = 0.950
Hamburg steak 117 × 3.64 = 4.259
Potato 150 × 0.38 = 0.570
------
Total nitrogen in food 13.855 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 10.030

Fuel value of the food 2946 calories.

_Thursday, May 19, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 158 grams, roll 122 grams, butter 15 grams, boiled hominy 150 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 50 grams, butter 12 grams, fried hominy 100 grams, syrup 48 grams, boiled onions 80 grams, omelette 60 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, bread 43 grams, butter 10 grams, potato 50 grams, baked macaroni 202 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 25 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Roll 122 × 1.54 = 1.879 grams.
Boiled hominy 150 × 0.20 = 0.300
Butter 15 + 12 + 10 = 37 × 0.15 = 0.056
Banana 158 × 0.23 = 0.363
Sugar 28 + 14 + 14 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 100 + 50 + 25 = 175 × 0.47 = 0.823
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Bread 50 × 1.60 = 0.800
Potato 150 × 0.49 = 0.735
Fried hominy 100 × 0.67 = 0.670
Onions 80 × 0.27 = 0.216
Omelette 60 × 1.58 = 0.948
Tomato soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Bread 43 × 1.74 = 0.748
Potato 50 × 0.38 = 0.190
Baked macaroni 202 × 0.93 = 1.879
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.960 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 10.150

Fuel value of the food 3013 calories.

_Friday, May 20, 1904._

Breakfast.—Coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams, roll 70 grams, butter 9 grams.

Lunch.—Potato 100 grams, butter 3 grams, lima beans 50 grams, hominy 69 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Consommé 150 grams, bread 28 grams, butter 15 grams, string beans 56 grams, potato 200 grams, rice croquette 65 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 25 grams.

Evening.—Beer 450 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 grams.
Cream 25 + 25 + 25 = 75 × 0.44 = 0.330
Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000
Roll 70 × 1.72 = 1.204
Butter 9 + 3 + 15 = 27 × 0.15 = 0.041
Potato 100 × 0.30 = 0.300
Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380
Fried hominy 69 × 0.57 = 0.393
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Consommé 150 × 0.59 = 0.885
String beans 56 × 0.36 = 0.202
Potato 200 × 0.34 = 0.680
Bread 28 × 1.97 = 0.552
Rice croquettes 65 × 1.06 = 0.689
Beer 450 × 0.069 = 0.311
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.260 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.640

Fuel value of the food 1748 calories.

_Saturday, May 21, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 73 grams, bread 63 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Lunch.—Potato 150 grams, tomato 145 grams, fried Indian-meal 81 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 25 grams, water ice 165 grams.

Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bread 29 grams, butter 16 grams, bacon 15 grams, fried potato 150 grams, cake 36 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 45 grams.

Evening.—Beer 600 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 73 × 0.23 = 0.168 grams.
Sugar 28 + 21 + 14 = 63 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 50 + 25 + 45 = 120 × 0.43 = 0.516
Bread 63 × 1.65 = 1.040
Butter 7 + 16 = 23 × 0.15 = 0.035
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Potato 150 × 0.71 = 1.065
Tomato 145 × 0.17 = 0.247
Fried Indian-meal 81 × 1.09 = 0.883
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Water ice 165 × 0.012 = 0.020
Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815
Bread 29 × 1.62 = 0.470
Bacon 15 × 3.05 = 0.458
Fried potato 150 × 0.60 = 0.900
Cake 36 × 0.86 = 0.310
Beer 600 × 0.069 = 0.414
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.623 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.460

Fuel value of the food 2393 calories.

_Sunday, May 22, 1904._

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 200 grams, sugar 28 grams, coffee 150 grams, roll 60 grams, butter 6 grams.

Lunch.—Fried rice 140 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 100 grams, macaroni 155 grams, boiled onions 80 grams, butter 5 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams, ice cream 185 grams, cake 34 grams.

Dinner.—Cream of celery soup 150 grams, mashed potato 134 grams, butter 11 grams, spinach 100 grams, strawberry short-cake 185 grams, cream 70 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Roll 60 × 1.67 = 1.002 grams.
Oatmeal 200 × 0.43 = 0.860
Sugar 28 + 14 + 28 = 70 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Butter 6 + 5 + 11 = 22 × 0.15 = 0.033
Potato 100 × 0.30 = 0.300
Macaroni 155 × 0.46 = 0.713
Cream 25 + 70 = 95 × 0.45 = 0.428
Onions 80 × 0.25 = 0.200
Fried rice 140 × 0.75 = 1.050
Ice cream 185 × 0.53 = 0.981
Cake 34 × 1.20 = 0.408
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Cream of celery soup 150 × 0.33 = 0.495
Mashed potato 134 × 0.37 = 0.496
Short-cake 185 × 0.50 = 0.925
Spinach 100 × 0.55 = 0.550
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.723 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 7.960

Fuel value of the food 2812 calories.

_Monday, May 23, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 115 grams, wheat griddle cakes 87 grams, syrup 48 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 50 grams.

Lunch.—Fried potato 100 grams, rice croquette 115 grams, syrup 48 grams, apple sauce 125 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Macaroni 270 grams, potato croquette 134 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, water ice 154 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 115 × 0.23 = 0.265 grams.
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 28 + 14 + 14 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 50 × 0.45 = 0.225
Griddle cakes 87 × 0.91 = 0.792
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Butter 7 × 0.15 = 0.011
Apple sauce 125 × 0.020 = 0.025
Rice croquette 115 × 0.61 = 0.702
Fried potato 100 × 0.60 = 0.600
Macaroni 270 × 0.87 = 2.349
Potato croquette 134 × 0.77 = 1.032
Water ice 154 × 0.006 = 0.009
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.303 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 7.490

Fuel value of the food 2224 calories.

_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._

Breakfast.—Fried rice 115 grams, syrup 48 grams, roll 60 grams, butter 14 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, farina croquette 108 grams, syrup 48 grams, fried potato 200 grams, bread 22 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Fried potato 200 grams, cream pie 167 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Fried rice 115 × 0.36 = 0.414 grams.
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Roll 60 × 1.64 = 0.984
Butter 14 + 7 = 21 × 0.15 = 0.032
Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
Celery soup 150 × 0.48 = 0.720
Farina croquette 108 × 0.74 = 0.799
Fried potato 200 × 0.26 = 0.520
Bread 22 × 1.66 = 0.365
Fried potato 200 × 0.46 = 0.920
Cream pie 167 × 0.93 = 1.553
Cream 25 × 0.45 = 0.113
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.713 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.600

Fuel value of the food 2324 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—_W. L. Anderson._

Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).

May 18 13.855 grams. 10.03 grams. 42.3 grams.
19 10.960 10.15
20 6.260 8.64 17.5
21 8.623 8.46
22 8.723 7.96 42.7
23 6.303 7.49 41.0
24 6.713 6.60 29.2
------ ------ ------
172.7 grams contain 6.30% N.
61.437 59.33 + 10.880 grams nitrogen.
------ ----------------------
61.437 grams nitrogen. 70.210 grams nitrogen.

Nitrogen balance for seven days = -8.773 grams.
Nitrogen balance per day = -1.253 grams.

Average Intake.

Calories per day 2494.
Nitrogen per day 8.777 grams.

Here, we find a minus balance of 8.773 grams of nitrogen for the seven days’ period. The total intake of nitrogen amounted to 61.437 grams, while there were excreted through the urine 59.33 grams, and through the fæces 10.880 grams of nitrogen, making a total output of 70.210 grams as contrasted with an intake of 61.437 grams of nitrogen. This loss of body material is to be attributed to the small fuel value of the food,—only 2494 calories as the day’s average,—though perhaps in part to the relatively small intake of nitrogen. In this connection it is to be noted that the average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen for the seven days’ period amounted to only 8.777 grams, while the average daily excretion for the last two months of the experiment was as high as 10.07 grams. Undoubtedly, the subject did not eat as much food during the week of this balance trial as was needed to maintain equilibrium, under the conditions of bodily activity then prevailing.

* * * * *

The same statement applies to Mr. Bellis, whose balance trial likewise shows a deficiency of ingested nitrogen over the nitrogen output. Here, however, the deficiency is more manifestly due to the small fuel value of the daily food, which averaged only 2174 calories. Bellis showed an average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen amounting to 8.45 grams for the last six weeks of the experiment, while in the balance period the excretion of metabolized nitrogen was 8.19 grams per day. The daily intake of nitrogen in the food, however, averaged only 7.76 grams, obviously too small a quantity to meet the wants of the body, especially with the low fuel value of the food. It is quite plain that during the week of this balance trial, the amount of food consumed was not equal to the necessities of the body, neither was it equal in nitrogen or fuel value to what the subject had been taking during the last few months of the experiment, and on which he had practically maintained body-weight for at least the last month of the experiment. It is further noticeable that during the balance week the body-weight dropped off somewhat.

Owing to the absence of Dr. Callahan from New Haven during this period, no attempt was made to determine experimentally whether he was in nitrogen equilibrium or not.

The following tables give the data in the experiment with Bellis:—

BELLIS.

_Wednesday, May 18, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 94 grams, wheat roll 53 grams, butter 11 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 75 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Lunch.—Soup 150 grams, farina croquette 100 grams, syrup 50 grams, string beans 75 grams, fried sweet potato 117 grams, bread 36 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Hamburg steak 53 grams, potato 250 grams, spinach 100 grams, bread 55 grams, butter 10 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 75 grams, sugar 21 grams, apple pie 142 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 94 × 0.23 = 0.216 grams.
Cream 75 + 75 = 150 × 0.46 = 0.690
Sugar 21 + 14 + 21 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Roll (wheat) 53 × 1.66 = 0.880
Butter 11 + 7 + 10 = 28 × 0.15 = 0.042
Soup 150 × 0.41 = 0.615
Farina croquette 100 × 1.09 = 1.090
Fried sweet potato 117 × 0.32 = 0.374
String beans 75 × 0.34 = 0.255
Syrup 50 × 0.024 = 0.012
Bread 36 × 1.60 = 0.576
Hamburg steak 53 × 3.64 = 1.929
Potato 250 × 0.38 = 0.950
Spinach 100 × 0.53 = 0.530
Bread 55 × 1.80 = 0.990
Apple pie 142 × 0.43 = 0.611
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.030 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.350

Fuel value of the food 2686 calories.

_Thursday, May 19, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 155 grams, roll 53 grams, butter 10 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 70 grams.

Lunch.—Fried hominy 60 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 100 grams, boiled onion 82 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 35 grams, sugar 21 grams, bread pudding 134 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, macaroni 75 grams, mashed potato 54 grams, spinach 70 grams, boiled Indian-meal 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 80 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Roll 53 × 1.54 = 0.816 grams.
Banana 155 × 0.23 = 0.357
Butter 10 × 0.15 = 0.015
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 28 + 21 + 21 = 70 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 70 + 35 + 80 = 185 × 0.47 = 0.870
Potato 100 × 0.49 = 0.490
Fried hominy 60 × 0.67 = 0.402
Boiled onion 82 × 0.27 = 0.221
Bread pudding 134 × 0.28 = 0.375
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Tomato soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Macaroni 75 × 0.93 = 0.698
Mashed potato 54 × 0.38 = 0.205
Spinach 70 × 0.56 = 0.392
Boiled Indian-meal 100 × 0.20 = 0.200
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.383 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.600

Fuel value of the food 2075 calories.

_Friday, May 20, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 150 grams, roll 57 grams, butter 17 grams, coffee 159 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Lunch.—Fried farina 74 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 250 grams, lima beans 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Dinner.—Rice croquette 92 grams, syrup 48 grams, string beans 93 grams, mashed potato 352 grams, bread 40 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Evening.—Beer 450 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 150 × 0.20 = 0.300 grams.
Roll 57 × 1.72 = 0.980
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 17 + 8 = 25 × 0.15 = 0.038
Potato 250 × 0.30 = 0.750
Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380
Fried farina 74 × 0.57 = 0.422
Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023
String beans 93 × 0.36 = 0.335
Bread 40 × 1.97 = 0.788
Mashed potato 352 × 0.34 = 1.197
Rice croquette 92 × 1.06 = 0.975
Beer 450 × 0.069 = 0.311
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.769 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 10.670

Fuel value of the food 1980 calories.

_Saturday, May 21, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 69 grams, baked potato 57 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Lunch.—Fried Indian-meal 80 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato croquette 152 grams, tomato 147 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, water ice 163 grams.

Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bacon 13 grams, fried egg 50 grams, fried potato 206 grams, lettuce salad 45 grams, bread 38 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Evening.—Beer 600 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 69 × 0.23 = 0.159 grams.
Bread 59 × 1.65 = 0.974
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000
Baked potato 57 × 0.40 = 0.228
Butter 8 + 8 = 16 × 0.15 = 0.024
Potato croquette 152 × 0.71 = 1.079
Tomato 147 × 0.17 = 0.250
Fried Indian-meal 80 × 1.09 = 0.872
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Water ice 163 × 0.012 = 0.020
Bread 38 × 1.62 = 0.616
Bacon 13 × 3.05 = 0.397
Fried egg 50 × 2.27 = 1.135
Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815
Lettuce salad 45 × 0.21 = 0.095
Fried potato 206 × 0.60 = 1.236
Beer 600 × 0.069 = 0.414
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.596 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.460

Fuel value of the food 2071 calories.

_Sunday, May 22, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 100 grams, oatmeal 100 grams, roll 50 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 40 grams, sugar 21 grams.

Lunch.—Macaroni 112 grams, potato 200 grams, onions 143 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, ice cream 170 grams, cake 31 grams.

Dinner.—Cream of celery soup 150 grams, mashed potato 182 grams, spinach 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, strawberry short-cake 97 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Orange 100 × 0.20 = 0.200 grams.
Roll 50 × 1.67 = 0.835
Butter 8 × 0.15 = 0.012
Oatmeal 100 × 0.43 = 0.430
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Sugar 21 + 7 + 7 = 35 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 40 × 0.45 = 0.180
Macaroni 112 × 0.46 = 0.515
Potato 200 × 0.30 = 0.600
Onions 143 × 0.25 = 0.358
Ice cream 170 × 0.53 = 0.901
Cake 31 × 1.20 = 0.372
Cream of Celery soup 150 × 0.33 = 0.495
Mashed potato 182 × 0.37 = 0.673
Spinach 100 × 0.55 = 0.550
Strawberry short-cake 97 × 0.50 = 0.485
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.876 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 7.710

Fuel value of the food 1929 calories.

_Monday, May 23, 1904._

Breakfast.—Banana 219 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 80 grams, sugar 28 grams.

Lunch.—Rice croquette 143 grams, syrup 45 grams, potato 200 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, apple sauce 250 grams.

Dinner.—Vegetable soup 150 grams, bacon 37 grams, string beans 100 grams, potato 101 grams, macaroni 86 grams, coffee 150 grams, water ice 184 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.

Banana 219 × 0.23 = 0.504 grams.
Cream 80 × 0.45 = 0.360
Sugar 28 + 7 = 35 × 0.00 = 0.000
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270
Apple sauce 250 × 0.02 = 0.050
Rice croquette 143 × 0.61 = 0.872
Syrup 45 × 0.024 = 0.011
Potato 200 × 0.60 = 1.200
Macaroni 86 × 0.87 = 0.748
Vegetable soup 150 × 0.70 = 1.050
Bacon 37 × 3.28 = 1.214
String beans 100 × 0.22 = 0.220
Potato croquette 101 × 0.77 = 0.778
Water ice 184 × 0.006 = 0.011
------
Total nitrogen in food 7.288 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 5.980

Fuel value of the food 2226 calories.

_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._

Breakfast.—Orange 100 grams, baked potato 138 grams, butter 5 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.

Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, farina croquette 91 grams, syrup 48 grams, boiled onions 110 grams, potato 200 grams, stewed prunes 113 grams.

Dinner.—Tomato soup 150 grams, farina croquette 107 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 200 grams, spinach 180 grams, cream pie 140 grams.

Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.