Chapter M: DCC LXI

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LONDON

AND ITS

ENVIRONS

DESCRIBED, &c.

B R E

BREAD street ward, so called from Bread street in Cheapside, which was
formerly a bread market, is encompassed on the north and north west by
Faringdon ward; on the west by Castle Baynard ward; on the south by
Queenhithe ward; and on the east by Cordwainers ward.

The principal streets in this ward are, Watling street, Bread street,
Friday street, Distaff lane, Basing lane, with the east side of the
Old Change, from the corner of St. Austin’s church to Old Fish street,
and the north side of Old Fish street, and Trinity lane, with that
part of the south side of Cheapside, between Friday street and Bow
church.

The most remarkable places are, the parish churches of Allhallows
Bread street, and St. Mildred’s; with Cordwainers hall.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, and twelve other
Common Council men, thirteen wardmote inquest men, eight scavengers,
sixteen constables, and a beadle. The jury returned by the inquest for
the ward, are to serve in the several courts at Guildhall in the month
of April.

BREAKNECK _alley_, in the Minories.║

BREAKNECK _court_, Blackhorse alley, Fleet street.║

BREECHES _yard_, Townsend lane.

BREEZE’S _hill_, Ratcliff highway.

BREME’S _buildings_, Chancery lane.†

BRENTFORD, a town in Middlesex, situated ten miles from London, received
its name from a brook called Brent, which runs through the west part
of the town, called Old Brentford, into the Thames. As it is a great
thoroughfare to the west, it has a considerable trade, particularly in
corn, both by land and the Thames. The church and market-house stand
in that part of the town called New Brentford. It has also two charity
schools; tho’ the church is only a chapel to Great Eling.

That part of it called Old Brentford is situated upon a fine rising
bank close to the Thames, and is naturally capable of being made as
beautiful a spot as any thing of the kind. The opposite side of the
river is Kew Green, which appears from hence to advantage.

BRENTWOOD, or BURNTWOOD, in Essex, is a pretty large town seventeen
miles from London, and being a very great thoroughfare, is chiefly
maintained by the multitude of carriers and passengers constantly
passing through it to London, with provisions, manufactures, and
droves of cattle; tho’ it is one of the four hamlets belonging to the
parish of Southwold cum Brent.

BREWERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry
VI. in the year 1438, which were confirmed by Edward IV. in 1480, with
the privilege of making by-laws. They are governed by a Master, three
Wardens, and twenty-eight Assistants, with 108 Liverymen, who upon
their admission pay each the sum of 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._

BREWER’S _alley_, Shoe lane.

BREWER’S _court_, 1. Basinghall street. 2. Bedfordbury. 3. Oxford
street. 4. St. Thomas’s street.

BREWERS HALL, a handsome and commodious building, almost adjoining to
Plaisterers Hall in Addle street. It has a genteel entrance into a
large court, paved with free stone, and is supported by handsome
pillars.

BREWER’S _green_, Tothill side.†

BREWER’S _key_, Thames street, the next key to Tower hill.†

BREWER’S _lane_, 1. Dowgate Hill. 2. Shadwell market. 3. Wapping.

BREWER’S _rents_, Whitechapel.

BREWER’S _street_, 1. Bow street, St. Giles’s. 2. Old Soho.

BREWER’S _yard_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Cow Cross. 3. Giltspur street. 4.
Holiwell lane. 5. By Hungerford market. 6. King street, Westminster.
7. Saffron hill. 8. Shoe lane. 9. Windmill court, Pye corner.

BREWHOUSE _lane_, 1. Salisbury court, Fleet street. 2. Wapping.

BREWHOUSE _yard_, 1. Battle bridge. 2. Fox lane. 3. At the Hermitage. 4.
Leather lane. 5. Saffron hill. 6. St. Catharine’s. 7. Turnmill street.
8. Wapping. 9. Whitechapel. 10. White’s ground, Crucifix lane.

BRIANT _court_, Briant street.†

BRIANT _street_, Shoreditch.†

BRIANT’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†

BRICKBUILDINGS _court_, Snow hill.

BRICK _court_, 1. Brick lane, Old street. 2. College street,
Westminster. 3. Middle Temple. 4. Sheer lane.

BRICKHILL _lane_, Thames street.

BRICK _lane_, 1. Old street. 2. Spitalfields. 3. Whitechapel: this was
formerly a deep dirty road, frequented chiefly by carts fetching
bricks that way into Whitechapel, from brick kilns in Spitalfields.

BRICK _street_, 1. Hyde Park road. 2. Tyburn lane.

BRICK _yard_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.

BRICKLAYERS _yard_, Millbank.

BRICKLAYERS _court_, Coleman street, Lothbury.

BRIDE’S _alley_. Fleet street, so called from St. Bride’s, or St.
Bridget’s church.

BRIDE _court_, by St. Bride’s church, Fleet street.

BRIDE _lane_, 1. By St. Bride’s church, Fleet street. 2. Little Peter
street.

_St._ BRIDE’S, or rather St. Bridget’s church, is obscurely situated
behind the houses on the south side of Fleet street. It has been
always dedicated to St. Bridget, but the curious are unable to
discover who this saint was. The old church was destroyed by the fire
of London, and the present edifice was erected within fourteen years
after. This church, which is superior to most of our parish churches
in delicacy and true beauty, is 111 feet long, 87 broad, and the
steeple is 234 feet high. It has a plain and regular body, the
openings all answering one another; the roof is raised on pillars, and
the altar piece, like the outside of the church, is very magnificent.
The circular pediment over the lower part, is supported by six
Corinthian columns. The steeple is a spire of extremely delicate
workmanship, raised upon a solid yet light tower, and the several
stages by which the spire gradually decreases, are well designed, and
executed with all the advantage of the orders.

This church is a vicarage, the advowson of which is in the Dean and
Chapter of Westminster. The living is worth about 240_l._ _per annum_.

Among the several monumental inscriptions in this church, and the
church yard, is the following:

Whoe’er thou art that look’st upon
And read’st what lies beneath this stone,
What beauty, goodness, innocence,
In a sad hour was snatch’d from hence;
What reason canst thou have to prize
The dearest object of thine eyes?
Believe this marble, what thou valu’st most,
And sett’st thy heart upon, is soonest lost.

BRIDEWELL, so called from its being near a spring called St. Bridget’s,
or St. Bride’s well, situated on the west side of Fleet Ditch, near
the Thames, was anciently a royal palace, where several of our Kings
resided. And here Henry VIII. built a magnificent house for the
reception of the Emperor Charles V. who before lodged at Black Friars.

At length at the solicitation of Bishop Ridley, King Edward VI. gave
the old palace of Bridewell to the city, for the lodging of poor
wayfaring people, the correction of vagabonds, strumpets, and idle
persons, and for finding them work; and as the city had appointed the
Grey Friars, now called Christ’s Hospital, for the education of poor
children; St. Bartholomew’s and also St. Thomas’s in Southwark for the
maimed and diseased, his Majesty formed the Governors of these
charitable foundations into a corporation; allowed them a proper
authority for the exercise of their offices, and constituted himself
the founder and patron. For this purpose he gave to the Lord Mayor,
Commonalty and Citizens, and their successors for ever, several pieces
of land to the yearly value of 450_l._ and at the same time
suppressing the hospital of the Savoy, gave for the above charitable
uses a great part of the revenue, together with the bedding and
furniture.

In the following reigns granaries and storehouses for coals were
erected at the expence of the city within this hospital, and the poor
were employed in grinding corn with hand-mills; which were greatly
improved in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when a citizen invented a
mill, by which two men might grind as much corn in a day as could be
ground by ten men with the other mills, and being to be worked either
by the hands or feet, if the poor were lame in the arms, they earned
their living with their feet, and if they were lame in their legs,
they earned their living with their arms.

In the year 1666, this edifice was entirely consumed by fire, and
likewise all the dwelling houses in the precinct of Bridewell, from
whence had arisen two thirds of its revenue; the hospital however was
rebuilt in 1668, in the manner in which it at present appears.

It consists of two courts, in which the buildings are convenient, and
not very irregular. The chapel has a square roof, and galleries on the
north and west side, supported by columns of the Tuscan order, and the
floor is paved with black and white marble. At the west end are places
for the hospital boys, and others for the prisoners. The wainscoting
and finishing are very neat. The altar piece is adorned with two
pilasters, with their entablature and a circular pediment of the
Corinthian order, between which the commandments are done in gold upon
a black ground, and the Lord’s prayer and the creed wrote on a blue
ground; these pieces are enriched with gilt cherubims, leaves and
fruit, and placed in gilt frames. The court room is adorned with
columns of the Composite order, a gallery, and the names of all the
benefactors to the hospital wrote in gold. There is here a chair for
the President, and convenient seats for the Governors.

In this hospital are generally about a hundred youths, that are
apprentices to glovers, flaxdressers, weavers, &c. who reside there.
These youths are under particular regulations, and distinguish
themselves at all dangerous fires, by the dexterity with which they
work an excellent fire engine belonging to the hospital, and the
expedition and regularity with which they supply it with water. They
are cloathed in blue doublets and white hats; and having faithfully
served their apprenticeship, are not only free of the city, but have
10_l._ towards enabling them to carry on their respective trades.

This hospital is likewise used as a house of correction for all
strumpets, nightwalkers, pickpockets, vagrants, and incorrigible and
disobedient servants, who are committed by the Lord Mayor, and
Aldermen; as are also apprentices by the Chamberlain of the city, who
are obliged to beat hemp, and if the nature of their offence requires
it, to undergo the correction of whipping.

All the affairs of this hospital are managed by the Governors, who are
above three hundred, besides the Lord Mayor and court of Aldermen, all
of whom are likewise Governors of Bethlem hospital; for these
hospitals being one corporation, they have the same President,
Governors, Clerk, Physician, Surgeon, and Apothecary. This hospital
has however its own steward, a porter, a matron, and four beadles, the
youngest of whom has the task of correcting the criminals.

There are several other places also called by the name of Bridewell,
as in Clerkenwell, St. Margaret’s hill, and Tothill fields; but as
these are merely houses of correction, they do not deserve a
particular description.

BRIDEWELL _alley_, by the side of Bridewell on St. Margaret’s hill.

BRIDEWELL _precinct_, Fleet ditch.

BRIDEWELL _rents_, Vine street.

BRIDEWELL _walk_, Clerkenwell.

BRIDGE. See BLACK FRIARS _Bridge_, LONDON _Bridge_, and WESTMINSTER
_Bridge_.

BRIDGE HOUSE, several large buildings, erected as storehouses for
timber, stone, or whatever is proper for building or repairing London
bridge. It seems to have had its foundation with the bridge itself,
and is situated on a considerable spot of ground on the south bank of
the Thames, near St. Olave’s church. It had formerly several
granaries, for the service of the city in a time of scarcity; and also
ten ovens for baking bread, for the relief of the poor citizens: but
these granaries are now applied to the use of the cornfactors, who
here lay in considerable quantities of corn. The Bridge house is under
the management of the Bridge-master, whose office is to look after the
reparation of the bridge, and is allowed a considerable salary.

BRIDGE _street_, Westminster, so called from its situation with respect
to Westminster bridge.

BRIDGE WARD _within_, is thus named from London bridge, and is bounded
on the south by Southwark, and the river Thames; on the east, by
Billingsgate ward; on the north, by Langborne ward; and on the west,
by Candlewick and Dowgate wards. It begins at the south end of London
bridge, from which it extends northward up Gracechurch street, to the
corner of Lombard street, including all the bridge, the greatest part
of the alleys and courts on the east side, and on the west, all the
alleys, courts and lanes in Thames street, on both sides to New key,
part of Michael’s lane, and part of Crooked lane. The principal
streets are New Fish street and Gracechurch street; and the principal
buildings, London bridge, the parish churches of St. Magnus, and St.
Bennet’s Gracechurch street; Fishmongers hall, and the Monument.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, and his Deputy, fourteen other
Common Council men, sixteen wardmote inquest men, six scavengers,
fifteen constables, and a beadle; and the jurymen returned by the
wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month
of July.

BRIDGE WARD _without_, contains the whole borough of Southwark,
extending southward from the bridge to Newington; to the south west
almost to Lambeth; and to the east to Rotherhith. The principal
streets are, the Borough, Blackman street, Long lane, Kent street,
Tooley street, St. Olave’s street, and Bermondsey street; and the most
remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Olave, St. Mary
Magdalen Bermondsey, St. Saviour, St. George, and St. Thomas; the
prisons of the King’s bench, the Marshalsea, the New prison, and the
Clink; St. Thomas’s hospital, Guy’s hospital and the Lock.

This ward is only nominally governed by an Alderman and three
Deputies, but has no Common Council men; it has, however, twenty
wardmote inquest men, sixteen constables and a bailiff. _Stow’s
Survey._

BRIDGE _yard_, Tooley street.

BRIDGE _yard passage_, Tooley street.

BRIDGE’S _rents_, in Fair street, Horselydown.†

BRIDGE’S _street_, Russel street, Covent Garden.†

BRIDGEMAN’S _yard_, Water lane, Black Friars.†

BRIDGEWATER _gardens_, Bridgewater square, a street so called from its
being built on the spot where was the Earl of Bridgewater’s gardens.

BRIDGEWATER _passage_, Bridgewater square.

BRIDGEWATER _square_, Barbican, a small neat square, surrounded with
plain, but not unhandsome houses. In the area is a grass plat
encompassed with iron rails, within which the trees are set thick in
the manner of a grove. This square, and several of the adjoining
streets, were built on the ground where the Earl of Bridgewater had a
large house and garden fronting Barbican.

BRIDGEWATER _street_, Bridgewater square.

BRIDLE _lane_, Brewer’s street.

BRIGG’S _alley_, Thrall street, Spitalfields.†

BRIGHAM’S _yard_, Chandois street.†

BRIMSTONE _court_, Rosemary lane.

BRIMSTONE _yard_, Rosemary lane.

BRISTOL _street_, Puddle dock.

BRITAIN _court_, Water lane, Fleet street.

BRITE’S _alley_, St. Swithin’s lane.†

BRITISH _court_, Tottenham Court road.

BRITISH MUSEUM. Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. (who died 11th Jan. 1753) may not
improperly be accounted the founder of the British Museum: for its
being established by Parliament was only in consequence of his leaving
by will his noble collection of natural history, his large library,
and his numerous curiosities, which cost him 50000_l._ to the use of
the Public, on condition that the Parliament would pay 20000_l._ to
his Executors. And indeed this disposition of Sir Hans was extremely
well calculated to answer his generous design; for had he given the
whole to the Public, without any payment at all, it could have been of
little use, without the assistance of Parliament, to settle a fund for
the support of officers, &c.

Sir Hans appointed a number of Trustees, on whose application to
Parliament an act was passed for the raising 300000_l._ by way of
lottery; 200000_l._ thereof to be divided amongst the adventurers,
20000_l._ to be paid to Sir Hans Sloane’s executors, 10000_l._ to
purchase Lord Oxford’s manuscripts, 30000_l._ to be vested in the
funds for supplying salaries for officers, and other necessary
expences, and the residue for providing a general repository, &c. In
this act it is also ordered, that Sir Hans Sloane’s collection, the
Cottonian library, the Harleian manuscripts, and a collection of books
given by the late Major Edwards, should be placed together in the
general repository, which was to be called the British Museum:
7000_l._ left by the said Major Edwards, after the decease of
Elizabeth Mills, are also given to the British Museum, for the
purchasing of manuscripts, books, medals, and other curiosities.

_Entrance of the British Museum, from Russel Street._
]

_S. Wale delin._ _Garden Front._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]

It happened very fortunately soon after, whilst the Trustees were at a
loss where to purchase or build a proper repository, an offer was made
them of Montague House in Great Russel street, Bloomsbury, a large and
magnificent building, finely ornamented with paintings, situated in
the most convenient part of the whole town, and having an extensive
garden of near eight acres. This they purchased for the sum of
10000_l._ Repairs, alterations, book-cases, cabinets, and all other
conveniences for placing the whole collection properly, and the making
apartments for the officers, have cost 15000_l._ more. And every part
is now so excellently contrived for holding this noble collection, and
the disposition of it in the several rooms is so orderly and well
designed, that the British Museum may justly be esteemed an honour and
ornament to this nation. His Majesty, in consideration of its great
usefulness, has also been graciously pleased to add thereto the royal
libraries of books and manuscripts collected by the several Kings of
England.

The Sloanian collection consists of an amazing number of curiosities,
among which are,

The library, including books of 50000
drawings, manuscripts and prints,
amounting to about volumes

Medals and coins ancient and modern 23000

Cameo’s and intaglio’s, about 700

Seals 268

Vessels, &c. of agate, jasper, &c. 542

Antiquities 1125

Precious stones, agates, jaspers, &c. 2256

Metals, minerals, ores, &c. 2725

Crystals, spars, &c. 1864

Fossils, flints, stones 1275

Earths, sands, salts 1035

Bitumens, sulphurs, ambers, &c. 399

Talcs, micæ, &c. 388

Corals, spunges, &c. 1421

Testacea, or shells, &c. 5843

Echini, echinitæ, &c. 659

Asteriæ, trochi, entrochi, &c. 241

Crustaceæ, crabs, lobsters, &c. 363

Stellæ marinæ, star fishes, &c. 173

Fishes and their parts, &c. 1555

Birds and their parts, eggs and nests 1172
of different species

Quadrupedes, &c. 1886

Vipers, serpents, &c. 521

Insects, &c. 5439

Vegetables 12506

Hortus siccus, or volumes of dried 334
plants

Humana, as calculi, anatomical 756
preparations, &c.

Miscellaneous things, natural 2098

Mathematical instruments 55

A catalogue of all the above is written in 38 volumes in folio and 8
in quarto.

As this noble collection of curiosities, and these excellent libraries
are now chiefly designed for the use of learned and studious men, both
natives and foreigners, in their researches into the several parts of
knowledge, the Trustees have thought fit to ordain the following
statutes, with respect to the use of the Museum.

I. That the Museum be kept open every day in the week except Saturday
and Sunday in each week; and likewise except Christmas day and one
week after; one week after Easter day and Whitsunday respectively,
Good Friday, and all days which shall hereafter be appointed for
Thanksgivings and Fasts by publick Authority.

II. That at all other times the Museum be set open in the manner
following: that is, from nine o’clock in the morning till three in the
afternoon, from Monday to Friday, between the months of September and
April inclusive; and also at the same hours on Tuesday, Wednesday, and
Thursday, in May, June, July, and August; but on Monday and Friday,
only from four o’clock to eight in the afternoon, during those four
months.

III. That such studious and curious persons, who are desirous to see
the Museum, be admitted by printed tickets, to be delivered by the
porter upon their application in writing; which writing shall contain
their names, condition, and places of abode; as also the day and hour
at which they desire to be admitted: and that the said names be
inserted in the tickets, and, together with their respective
additions, entered in a register to be kept by the porter. And the
porter is to lay such register every night before the principal
Librarian; or, in his absence, before the under Librarian, who shall
officiate as Secretary for the time being; or, in his absence, before
one of the under Librarians; to the end that the principal or under
Librarian may be informed, whether the persons so applying be proper
to be admitted according to the regulations made, or to be made, by
the Trustees for that purpose. And if he shall judge them proper, he
shall direct the porter to deliver tickets to them, according to their
request, on their applying a second time for the said tickets.

IV. That no more than ten tickets be delivered out for each hour of
admittance, which tickets, when brought by the respective persons
therein named, are to be shewn to the porter; who is thereupon to
direct them to a proper room appointed for their reception, till their
hour of seeing the Museum be come, at which time they are to deliver
their tickets to the proper officer of the first department: and that
five of the persons producing such tickets be attended by the under
Librarian, and the other five by the assistant in each department.

V. That the said number of tickets be delivered for the admission of
company at the hours of nine, ten, eleven, and twelve respectively in
the morning; and for the hours of four and five in the afternoon of
those days in which the Museum is to be open at that time: and that if
application be made for a greater number of tickets, the persons last
applying be desired to name some other day and hour, which will be
most convenient to them.

VI. That if the number of persons producing tickets for any particular
hour does not exceed five, they be desired to join in one company;
which may be attended either by the under Librarian, or assistant, as
shall be agreed on between them.

VII. That if any persons having obtained tickets, be prevented from
making use of them, they be desired to send them back to the porter in
time; that other persons wanting to see the Museum may not be
excluded.

VIII. That the spectators may view the whole Museum in a regular
order, they are first to be conducted through apartment of manuscripts
and medals; then the department of natural and artificial productions;
and afterwards the department of printed books, by the particular
officers assigned to each department.

IX. That one hour only be allowed to the several companies, for
gratifying their curiosity in viewing each apartment, and that each
company keep together in that room, in which the officer, who attends
them, shall then be.

X. That in passing through the rooms, if any of the inspectors desire
to see any book, or other part of the collection, not herein after
excepted, it be handed to them by the officer, who is to restore it to
its place, before they leave the room; that no more than one such
book, or other part of the collection, be delivered at a time; and
that the officer be ready to give the company any information they
shall desire, relating to that part of the collection under his care.

XI. That upon the expiration of each hour, notice be given of it; at
which time the several companies shall remove out of the apartment, in
which they then are, to make room for fresh companies.

XII. That if any of the persons who have tickets, come after the hour
marked in the said tickets, but before the three hours allotted them
are expired; they be permitted to join the company appointed for the
same hour, in order to see the remaining part of the collection, if
they desire it.

XIII. That a catalogue of the respective printed books, manuscripts,
and other parts of the collection, distinguished by numbers, be
deposited in some one room of each department, to which the same shall
respectively belong, as soon as the same can be prepared.

XIV. That written numbers, answering to those in the catalogues, be
affixed both to the books, and other parts of the collection, as far
as can conveniently be done.

XV. That the coins and medals, except such as the standing Committee
shall order, from time to time, to be placed in glass cases, be not
exposed to view, but by leave of the Trustees, in a general meeting;
or the standing Committee; or of the principal Librarian: that they be
shewn between the hours of one and three in the afternoon by one of
the officers, who have the custody of them: that no more than two
persons be admitted into the room to see them at the same time, unless
by particular leave of the principal Librarian; who in such case is
required to attend together with the said officer, the whole time: and
that but one thing be taken or continue out of the cabinets and
drawers at a time, which is to be done by the officer, who shall
replace it, before any person present goes out of the room.

XVI. That the Museum be constantly shut up at all other times, but
those above mentioned.

XVII. That if any persons are desirous of visiting the Museum more
than once, they may apply for tickets in the manner above mentioned,
at any other times, and as often as they please: provided that no one
person has tickets at the same time for more days than one.

XVIII. That no children be admitted into the Museum.

XIX. That no officer or servant shall take any fee or reward of any
person whatsoever, for his attendance in the discharge of his duty,
except in the cases hereafter mentioned, under the penalty of
immediate dismission.

_The manner of admitting persons who desire to make use of the Museum
for study, or have occasion to consult it for information._

I. That no one be admitted to such use of the Museum for study, but by
leave of the Trustees, in a general meeting, or the standing
Committee; which leave is not to be granted for a longer term than
half a year, without a fresh application.

II. That a book be kept in the reading room, under the custody of the
officer of the said room; who is to enter therein the names of the
several persons who have leave of admission, together with the
respective dates of the orders of the Trustees for that purpose, and
the duration of the same.

III. That a particular room be allotted for the persons so admitted,
in which they may sit, and read or write, without interruption, during
the time the Museum is kept open: that a proper officer do constantly
attend in the said room, so long as any such person or persons shall
be there: and for the greater ease and convenience of the said
persons, as well as security of the collection, it is expected, that
notice be given in writing the day before, by each person, to the said
officer, what book or manuscript he will be desirous of perusing the
following day; which book or manuscript on such request, will be
lodged in some convenient place in the said room, and will from thence
be delivered to him by the officer of the said room: excepting however
some books or manuscripts of great value, or very liable to be
damaged, and on that account judged by the Trustees not fit to be
removed out of the library to which they belong; without particular
leave obtained, of the Trustees, in a general meeting, or a standing
Committee, for that purpose; a catalogue whereof will be kept by the
officer of the reading room.

IV. That such persons be allowed to take one or more extracts from any
printed book or manuscript; and that either of the officers of the
department to which such printed book or manuscript belongs, be at
liberty to do it for them, upon such terms, as shall be agreed on
between them.

V. That the transcriber do not lay the paper, on which he writes, upon
any part of the book, or manuscript, he is using.

VI. That no whole manuscript, nor the greater part of any, be
transcribed, without leave from the Trustees, in a general meeting, or
standing Committee.

VII. That every person so intrusted with the use of any book, or
manuscript, return the same to the officer attending, before he leaves
the room.

VIII. That if any person engaged in a work of learning, have occasion
to make a drawing of any thing contained in the department of natural
and artificial productions, or to examine it more carefully than can
be done in the common way of viewing the Museum; he is to apply to the
Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee, for
particular leave for that purpose: it not being thought proper, unless
in particular cases, to have them removed from their places, and out
of the sight of the officer who has the care of them.

IX. That whensoever, and as often as any person shall have occasion to
consult or inspect any book, charter, deed, or other manuscript for
evidence or information, other than for studying, which is herein
before provided for; he is to apply for leave so to do, to the
Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee. But if the
case should require such dispatch as that time cannot be allowed for
making such application, the person is to apply for such leave to the
principal Librarian; or, in case of his death or absence, such of the
under Librarians as shall officiate as Secretary for the time being:
which leave the principal Librarian, or the under Librarian
officiating as Secretary for the time being, as aforesaid, is hereby
impowered to grant. Provided always, that no such person shall be
permitted to consult or inspect any such book, charter, deed, or other
manuscript, except in the presence of the principal Librarian, or of
one the principal officers of that department to which such book,
deed, charter, or other manuscript shall belong.

X. That no part of the collection or collections belonging to this
Museum, be at any time carried out of the general repository; except
such books, charters, deeds, or other manuscripts as may be wanted to
be made use of in evidence. And that when any such book, charter,
deed, or other manuscript shall be wanted to be made use of in
evidence, application shall be made in writing for that purpose, to
the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee: and if
the case should require such dispatch, as not to admit of an
application to the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing
Committee, then to the principal Librarian; or in case of his death or
absence, then to such of the under Librarians as shall officiate as
Secretary for the time being: and thereupon by their or his direction,
the same shall and may be carried out of the general repository, to be
made use of as evidence as aforesaid, by the under Librarian or
assistant of the department to which such book, charter, deed, or
other manuscript shall belong. And in case the said under Librarian,
or assistant of the said department be disabled, or cannot attend;
then by such other of the under Librarians, or assistants, as shall be
appointed by the Trustees, in a general meeting, or the standing
Committee, or by the chief Librarian, or by such of the under
Librarians as shall officiate as Secretary for the time being
aforesaid. And the person who shall be appointed to carry out the
same, shall attend the whole time, and bring it back with him again;
for which extraordinary trouble and attendance it is expected that a
proper satisfaction be made to him.

Altho’ it may be presumed, that persons who shall be admitted to see
the Museum, will in general conform themselves to the rules and orders
above mentioned; yet as it may happen, that these rules may not always
be duly observed: the Trustees think it necessary, for the safety and
preservation of the Museum, and do hereby order, That in case any
persons shall behave in any improper manner, and contrary to the said
rules, and shall continue such misbehaviour after having been
admonished by one of the officers; such persons shall be obliged
forthwith to withdraw from the Museum; and their names shall be
entered in a book to be kept by the porter: who is hereby ordered not
to deliver tickets to them for their admission for the future; without
a special direction from the Trustees in a general meeting.

We shall now give a plan of the whole Museum, with the contents of
each room, and the order in which they are shewn, &c.

Having giving in at the porter’s lodge mark’d g in the plan No. 1.
your name, addition, and place of abode, you have notice given what
day and hour to attend, and a ticket given you. By shewing this you
are admitted, and entering the hall (i) you ascend a magnificent
stair-case, nobly painted by La Fosse. The subject of the ceiling,
Phaeton requesting Apollo to permit him to drive his chariot for a
day. On the inside walls a landskip, by Rousseau: this brings you into
the vestibule(I No. 2) the ceiling represents the fall of Phaeton; in
this is a mummy and some other antiquities. The saloon D is a most
magnificent room, the ceiling and side walls painted by the
abovementioned painter La Fosse, the landskips by Rousseau, and the
flowers by the celebrated Baptist.

You are then admitted into the room E, which contains the Cottonian
and royal manuscripts, in about 750 volumes. F and G contain the
Harleian manuscripts, in about 7620 volumes; and M the Harleian
charters in number about 16000. O is the room of medals, which are
upwards of 22000 in number. L has Sir Hans Sloane’s manuscripts, and K
contains the antiquities.

This brings you again into the vestibule, and passing thro’ the
saloon, you enter the room C, which contains minerals and fossils, B
shells, A vegetables and insects, H animals in spirits, and N
artificial curiosities.

You now descend the small stair-case adjoining, and passing thro’ the
room (n), in which is the magnetic apparatus given by Dr. Knight, you
come to the rooms (h a) which contain the royal libraries, collected
by the Kings and Queens of England from Henry VII. to Charles II. Then
you enter the rooms b c d e f and g, which contain the library of Sir
Hans Sloane, consisting of not less than 40000 volumes. From hence you
enter into (m), which is a withdrawing room for the Trustees, then
into (l), which contains Major Edwards’s library, consisting of about
3000 volumes, and lastly enter the room (k), that contains a part of
the King’s library, which in the whole consists of about 12000
volumes.

The wings marked (o o) are the apartments of the officers, and (p p)
is the colonade.

_No. 1._
_First State Story._
]

_No. 2._
_Second State Story._
_R. Benning sculp._
]

BRITON’S _alley_, Freeman’s lane.†

BRITT’S _court_, Nightingale lane.†

BROAD ARROW _court_, Grub street, Cripplegate.*

BROAD BRIDGE, Shadwell.

BROAD BRIDGE _lane_, Upper Shadwell.

BROAD _court_, 1 Drury lane. 2 Duke’s Place. 3 Shoemaker row, Aldgate. 4
Turnmill street.

BROAD PLACE, 1 Flower and Dean street, Spitalfields. 2 King’s street. 3
Broad St. Giles’s.

BROAD SANCTUARY _row_, near the Abbey, Westminster: is thus called from
its being formerly a sanctuary or place of refuge. It is now called by
the vulgar the Century.

BROAD _Street_, 1. extends from Pig street to London wall, and was thus
named from there being few streets within the walls of such a breadth
before the fire of London. 2. Near Old Gravel lane. 3. Poland street.
4. Ratcliff.

BROAD STREET _buildings_, a very handsome street regularly built,
leading from Moorfields to Broad street.

BROAD STREET WARD, so called from Broad street lying in the center of
it, is bounded on the north and east by Bishopsgate ward; on the west
by Coleman street ward; and on the south by Cornhill ward. The
principal streets in this ward are, Threadneedle street, Prince’s
street almost as far as Catharine court, Lothbury from the church to
Bartholomew lane, Throgmorton street, Broad street from St. Bennet
Fink church to London wall, London wall street as far as a little to
the eastward of Cross Keys court Augustine Friars, Winchester street,
and Wormwood street as far as Helmet court. The most remarkable
buildings are, the parish churches of St. Christopher’s, St.
Bartholomew, St. Bennet’s Fink, St. Martin’s Outwich, St. Peter’s le
Poor, and Allhallows in the Wall; Carpenters hall, Drapers hall,
Merchant Taylors hall, and Pinners hall; the Bank of England, the
South Sea House, and the Pay Office.

This ward is under the government of an Alderman, his Deputy, and nine
other Common Council men; thirteen wardmote inquest men, eight
scavengers, ten constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the
wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month
of August.

BROAD _walk_, 1. In the Tower. 2. Bargehouse, Southwark.

BROAD _wall_, near the Upper Ground, Southwark.

BROAD _way_, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Black Friars. 3. Privy Garden. 4.
Tothill street.

BROAD _yard_, 1. Coleman’s alley, Brown street. 2. Crow alley,
Whitecross street, Cripplegate. 3. Dirty lane Blackman street. 4.
Green Dragon alley, Wapping. 5. Holiwell court, Holiwell lane, 6.
Islington. 7. Milk yard, Wapping. 8. St. John’s street. 9. Soper’s
alley, Whitecross street. 10. Swan alley, Golden lane. 11. Upper
Ground street.

BRODERERS, or EMBROIDERERS, a company incorporated by Queen Elizabeth,
in the year 1591, by the title of _The Keepers or Wardens, and Company
of the art and mystery of the Broderers of the city of London_. They
are governed by two Keepers, or Wardens, and forty Assistants. The
Livery consists of 115 members, whose fine upon admission is 5_l._
They have a small convenient hall in Gutter lane.

BROKEN _cross_, Tothill street.

BROKEN _wharf_, Thames street.

BROCKLEY’S _rents_, Artillery row.†

BROMLEY, a town in Kent, situated on the river Ravensbourn nine miles
from London, in the road to Tunbridge. Here is a palace of the Bishop
of Rochester, to whom King Edgar gave the manor in the year 700; and
here also is an hospital erected by Dr. Warner Bishop of that see, in
the reign of King Charles II. for twenty poor Clergymen’s widows, with
an allowance of 20_l._ a year, and 50_l._ a year to the Chaplain.

BROMLEY, a pleasant village near Bow, in Middlesex, where was formerly a
monastery. The great house here was built by Sir John Jacob, Bart,
Commissioner of the customs at the restoration, and afterwards became
the seat of Sir William Benson, Sheriff of London in the reign of
Queen Anne, the father to William Benson, Esq; Auditor of the Imprest,
who some years ago sold it, with the manor and rectory, to Mr. Lloyd,
a gentleman of Wales.

BROMLEY _street_, Holborn.†

BROOK _alley_, 1. Rotten row. 2. Noble street.

BROOK’S _court_, 1. Holborn. 2. Heneage lane. 3. In the Minories. 4.
Thames street.†

BROOK’S _market_, by Brook street, Holborn: so denominated from the Lord
Brook’s city mansion, at the north corner of the market.

BROOK’S _mews_, Brook street, near Bond street.†

BROOK’S _rents_, Fore street, Cripplegate.†

BROOK’S _street_, 1. Holborn.† 2. New Bond street.† 3. Ratcliff.†

BROOK’S _wharf_, near Queenhithe.†

BROOK’S WHARF _lane_, High Timber street, Broken wharf.†

BROOK’S _yard_, 1. Old Fish street hill.† 2. Fore street, Lambeth.†

BROOMSTICK _alley_, 1. Bunhill row. 2. Field lane. 3. Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.

BROUGHTON’S _rents_, Harrow alley.†

BROWN BEAR _alley_, East Smithfield.

BROWNLOW _street_, Drury lane.†

BROWN’S alley, 1. Gravel street.† 2. King’s street.† 3. Norton Falgate.†

BROWN’S _buildings_, St. Mary Ax.†

BROWN’S _court_ 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.† 2. Billiter lane.† 3.
Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 4. Brown street.† 5. St. Catharine’s lane.†
6. Crutched friars.† 7. Gracechurch street,† 8. Near Grosvenor
square.† 9. Holiwell court, Shoreditch.† 10. Little Old Bailey.† 11.
Long alley, Moorfields.† 12. Marlborough street.† 13. In the
Minories.† 14. Rotherhith.† 15. Shoe lane.† 16. Shug lane, near
Piccadilly.† 17. Thieving lane.†

BROWN’S _gardens_, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†

BROWN’S _lane_, Red Lion street, Spitalfields.†

BROWN’S _passage_, Green street.†

BROWN’S _rents_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. St. Catharine’s lane.†

BROWN _street_, 1. New Bond street.† 2. Bunhill fields.†

BROWN’S _wharf_ 1. St. Catharine’s.† 2. White Friar’s Dock.†

BROWN’S _yard_, 1. in the Minories.† 2. Near Holiwell lane.† 3.
Whitecross street.† 4. Woodroffe lane.

BROWNSON’S _court_, Ayliss street, Goodman’s fields.†

BROXBOURN, a small but pleasant village near Hoddesdon, in
Hertfordshire, situated on a rising ground, with pleasant meadows down
to the river Lee.

BROXBOURNBURY, the seat of the Lord Monson, situated by the above
village of Broxbourn. The house is a large Gothic structure in the
midst of the park, which has lately been planted and beautified, and
at a small distance from the house are new offices, erected in a
quadrangle, on the same plan with the royal Mews at Charing Cross.
They are placed behind a large plantation of trees, so that they do
not appear till you come near them, and yet are at a convenient
distance from the principal edifice, which, it is said, his Lordship
proposes to rebuild.

BRUNSWICK _court_, 1. Artillery row. 2. Queen square, Ormond street. 3.
Crucifix lane.

BRUSH _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane. 2. East Smithfield.

BRUSH _court_, East Smithfield.

BRUSH _yard_, Kent street.

BRUTTON _mews_, Brutton street.†

BRUTTON _street_, New Bond street.†

BUCKERIDGE _street_, Dyot street.†

BUCKINGHAM _court_, Charing Cross.

BUCKINGHAM HOUSE, is finely situated at the west end of the Park. In the
front, which is towards the Mall and the grand canal, it has a court
inclosed with iron rails. At the entrance of the edifice, which is
built with brick and stone, is a very broad flight of steps, upon
which are four tall Corinthian pilasters, that are fluted and reach to
the top of the second story, and at each corner is a plain pilaster of
the same order. Within this compass are two series of very large and
lofty windows, over which is the entablature, and in the middle this
inscription in large gold characters:

SIC SITI LÆTANTUR LARES.

_Thus situated may the houshold Gods rejoice._

Over this is an Attic story with square windows and Tuscan pilasters,
over which was an _Acroteria_ of figures representing Mercury,
Secrecy, Equity, Liberty &c. but these figures were taken away soon
after the death of the late Duke of Buckingham. On each side of the
building are bending colonades with columns of the Ionic order,
crowned with a balustrade and vases. These colonades join the offices
at the extremity of the wings to the main building, and each of these
offices is crowned with a turret, supporting a dome, from which rises
a weathercock.

Behind the house is a garden and terrace, from whence there is a fine
prospect of the adjacent country, which gave occasion to the following
inscription on that side of the house,

RUS IN URBE:

Intimating that it has the advantage of both city and country; above
which were figures representing the four Seasons.

The hall is paved with marble and adorned with pilasters, and during
the life of the late Duchess, with a great variety of good paintings,
and on a pedestal at the foot of the grand stair-case there was a
marble figure of Cain killing his brother Abel.

To this account of Buckingham House we shall add the following letter,
written by the Duke of Buckingham himself to the D—— of Sh——
containing a farther description of it, &c.

“You accuse me of singularity in resigning the Privy Seal with
a good pension added to it, and yet afterwards staying in town
at a season when every body else leaves it, which you say is
despising at once both Court and Country. You desire me
therefore to defend myself, if I can, by describing very
particularly in what manner I spend so many hours, that appear
long to you who know nothing of the matter, and yet, methinks,
are but too short for me.

“No part of this talk which you impose is uneasy; except the
necessity of using the singular number so often. That one
letter (I) is a most dangerous monosyllable, and gives an air
of vanity to the modestest discourse whatsoever. But you will
remember I write this only by way of apology; and that, under
accusation, it is allowable to plead any thing for defence,
though a little tending to our own commendation.

“To begin then without more preamble: I rise, now in summer,
about seven a clock, from a very large bedchamber (entirely
quiet, high, and free from the early sun) to walk in the
garden; or, if rainy, in a saloon filled with pictures, some
good, but none disagreeable: there also, in a row above them,
I have so many portraits of famous persons in several kinds,
as are enough to excite ambition in any man less lazy, or less
at ease, than myself.

“Instead of a little closet (according to the unwholesome
custom of most people) I chuse this spacious room for all my
small affairs, reading books or writing letters; where I am
never in the least tired, by the help of stretching my legs
sometimes in so large a room, and of looking into the
pleasantest park in the world just underneath it.

“Visits, after a certain hour, are not to be avoided; some of
which I own to be a little fatiguing (tho’ thanks to the
town’s laziness, they come pretty late) if the garden was not
so near, as to give a seasonable refreshment between those
ceremonious interruptions. And I am more sorry than my
coachman himself, if I am forced to go abroad any part of the
morning. For though my garden is such, as by not pretending to
rarities or curiosities, has nothing in it to inveagle ones
thoughts; yet by the advantage of situation and prospect, it
is able to suggest the noblest that can be; in presenting at
once to view a vast town, a palace, and a magnificent
cathedral. I confess the last, with all its splendor, has less
share in exciting my devotion, than the most common shrub in
my garden; for though I am apt to be sincerely devout in any
sort of religious assemblies, from the very best (that of our
own church) even to those of Jews, Turks, and Indians: yet the
works of nature appear to me the better sort of sermons; and
every flower contains in it the most edifying rhetorick, to
fill us with admiration of its omnipotent Creator. After I
have dined (either agreeably with friends, or at worst with
better company than your country neighbours) I drive away to a
place of air and exercise; which some constitutions are in
absolute need of: agitation of the body and diversion of the
mind, being a composition of health above all the skill of
Hippocrates.

“The small distance of this place from London, is just enough
for recovering my weariness, and recruiting my spirits so as
to make me better than before I set out, for either business
or pleasure. At the mentioning the last of these, methinks I
see you smile; but I confess myself so changed (which you
maliciously, I know, will call decayed) as to my former
enchanting delights, that the company I commonly find at home
is agreeable enough to make me conclude the evening on a
delightful terrace, or in a place free from late visits except
of familiar acquaintance.

“By this account you will see that most of my time is
conjugally spent at home; and consequently you will blame my
laziness more than ever, for not employing it in a way which
your partiality is wont to think me capable of: therefore I am
obliged to go on with this trifling description, as some
excuse for my idleness. But how such a description itself is
excusable, is what I should be very much in pain about, if I
thought any body could see it besides yourself, who are too
good a judge in all things to mistake a friend’s compliance in
a private letter, for the least touch of vanity.

“The avenues to this house are along St. James’s Park, through
rows of goodly elms on one hand, and gay flourishing limes on
the other; that for coaches, this for walking; with the Mall
lying betwixt them. This reaches to my iron pallisade that
encompasses a square court, which has in the midst a great
basin with statues and water-works; and from its entrance
rises all the way imperceptibly, till we mount to a terrace in
the front of a large hall, paved with square white stones
mixed with a dark-colour’d marble; the walls of it covered
with a set of pictures done in the school of Raphael. Out of
this on the right hand we go into a parlour thirty-three feet
by thirty-nine, with a niche fifteen feet broad for a
beausette, paved with white marble, and placed within an arch
with pilasters of divers colours, the upper part of which as
high as the ceiling is painted by Ricci.

“From hence we pass through a suite of large rooms, into a
bedchamber of thirty-four feet by twenty-seven; within it a
large closet, that opens into a green-house. On the left hand
of the hall are three stone arches supported by three
Corinthian pillars, under one of which we go up eight and
forty steps, ten feet broad, each step of one entire Portland
stone. These stairs by the help of two resting places, are so
very easy, there is no need of leaning on the iron baluster.
The walls are painted with the story of Dido; whom though the
poet was obliged to dispatch away mournfully in order to make
room for Lavinia, the better natur’d painter has brought no
farther than to that fatal cave, where the lovers appear just
entering, and languishing with desire. The roof of this
stair-case, which is fifty-five feet from the ground, is forty
feet by thirty-six, filled with the figures of Gods and
Goddesses. In the midst is Juno, condescending to bed
assistance from Venus, to bring about a marriage which the
Fates intended should be the ruin of her own darling queen and
people. By which that sublime poet intimates, that we should
never be over eager for any thing, either in our pursuits, or
our prayers; lest what we endeavour or ask too violently for
our interest, should be granted us by Providence only in order
to our ruin.

“The bas reliefs and all the little squares above are all
episodical paintings of the same story: and the largeness of
the whole had admitted of a sure remedy against any decay of
the colours from salt petre in the wall, by making another of
oak laths four inches within it, and so primed over like a
picture.

“From a wide landing place on the stairs head, a great double
door opens into an apartment of the same dimensions with that
below, only three feet higher; notwithstanding which it would
appear too low, if the higher saloon had not been divided from
it. The first room of this floor has within it a closet of
original pictures, which yet are not so entertaining as the
delightful prospect from the windows. Out of the second room a
pair of great doors give entrance into the saloon, which is
thirty-five feet high, thirty-six broad, and forty-five long.
In the midst of its roof a round picture of Gentileschi,
eighteen feet in diameter, represents the Muses playing in
concert to Apollo lying along on a cloud to hear them. The
rest of the room is adorned with paintings relating to arts
and sciences; and underneath divers original pictures hang all
in good lights, by the help of an upper row of windows which
drown the glaring.

“Much of this seems appertaining to parade, and therefore I am
glad to leave it to describe the rest, which is all for
conveniency. As first, a covered passage from the kitchen
without doors; and another down to the cellars and all the
offices within. Near this, a large and lightsome back stairs
leads up to such an entry above, as secures our private
bedchambers both from noise and cold. Here we have necessary
dressing rooms, servants rooms, and closets, from which are
the pleasantest views of all the house, with a little door for
communication betwixt this private apartment and the great
one.

“These stairs, and those of the same kind at the other end of
the house, carry us up to the highest story, fitted for the
women and children, with the floors so contrived as to prevent
all noise over my wife’s head, during the mysteries of Lucina.

“In mentioning the court at first, I forgot the two wings in
it, built on stone arches which join the house by corridores
supported by Ionic pillars. In one of these wings is a large
kitchen thirty feet high, with an open cupulo on the top; near
it a larder, brew-house, and laundry, with rooms over them for
servants; the upper sort of servants are lodged in the other
wing, which has also two wardrobes and a store-room for fruit.
On the top of all a leaden cistern holding fifty tuns of
water, driven up by an engine from the Thames, supplies all
the water-works[1] in the courts and gardens, which lie quite
round the house; through one of which a grass walk conducts to
the stables, built round a court, with six coach houses and
forty stalls. I will add but one thing before I carry you into
the garden, and that is about walking too, but ’tis on the top
of all the house; which being covered with smooth milled lead,
and defended by a parapet of balusters from all apprehension
as well as danger, entertains the eye with a far distant
prospect of hills and dales, and a near one of parks and
gardens. To these gardens we go down from the house by seven
steps, into a gravel walk that reaches cross the garden, with
a covered arbour at each end of it. Another of thirty feet
broad leads from the front of the house, and lies between two
groves of tall lime trees, planted in several equal ranks upon
a carpet of grass: the outsides of these groves are bordered
with tubs of bays and orange trees. At the end of this broad
walk, you go up to a terrace four hundred paces long, with a
large semicircle in the middle, from whence is beheld the
Queen’s two parks, and a great part of Surry; then going down
a few steps, you walk on the bank of a canal six hundred yards
long, and seventeen broad, with two rows of limes on each side
of it.

“On one side of this terrace, a wall covered with roses and
jessamines is made low, to admit the view of a meadow full of
cattle just under it, (no disagreeable object in the midst of
a great city) and at each end a descent into parterres, with
fountains and water-works. From the biggest of these parterres
we pass into a little square garden, that has a fountain in
the middle, and two green-houses on the sides, with a
convenient bathing apartment in one of them; and near another
part of it lies a flower garden. Below all this a kitchen
garden, full of the best sorts of fruits, has several walks in
it fit for the coldest weather.

“Thus I have done with a tedious description; only one thing I
forgot, though of more satisfaction to me than all the rest,
which I fancy you guess already; and ’tis a little closet of
books at the end of that green-house which joins the best
apartment, which besides their being so very near, are ranked
in such a method, that by its mark a very Irish footman may
fetch any book I want. Under the windows of this closet and
green-house, is a little wilderness full of blackbirds and
nightingales. The trees, tho’ planted by myself, require
lopping already, to prevent their hindring the view of that
fine canal in the Park.

“After all this, to a friend I’ll expose my weakness, as an
instance of the mind’s unquietness under the most pleasing
enjoyments. I am oftener missing a pretty gallery in the old
house I pulled down, than pleased with a saloon which I built
in its stead, though a thousand times better after in all
manner of respects.

“And now (_pour fair bonne bouche_, with a grave reflection)
it were well for us, if this incapacity of being entirely
contented was as sure a proof of our being reserved for
happiness in another world, as it is of our frailty and
imperfection in this. I confess the divines tell us so, but
tho’ I believe a future state more firmly than a great many of
them appear to do, by their inordinate desires of the good
things in this; yet I own my faith is founded, not on those
fallacious arguments of preachers, but on that adorable
conjunction of unbounded power and goodness, which certainly
must some way recompense hereafter so many thousand of
innocent wretches created to be so miserable here.”

Footnote 1:

Considerable alterations have been made in the house since this
letter was written. The water-works in particular no longer exist.

BUCKINGHAM _street_, a handsome street, and well inhabited, extends from
the Strand to the river Thames, where for the convenience of taking
water are built those fine stairs called York stairs. The street is
thus called from John Villars Duke of Buckingham. See YORK BUILDINGS,
and YORK STAIRS.

BUCKLE _street_, Red Lion street, Whitechapel.

BUCKLERSBURY, Cheapside. Mr. Maitland observes that it is more properly
Bucklesbury, as it was originally so named, from a manor and tenements
belonging to one Buckles, who dwelt and kept his courts there.

BUCKLER’S _rents_, Rotherhith wall.†

BUCKRIDGE _alley_, George street, Spitalfields.†

BUCKRIDGE _court_, Bembridge street.

BUCK’S HEAD _court_, Great Distaff lane.*

BUCK’S _rents_, Rosemary lane.†

BUDGE _row_, Watling street.

BUFFORD’S _buildings_, St. John street, Smithfield.†

BULL _alley_, 1. Back alley, in Three hammer alley, Tooley street.* 2.
Brick lane, Old street.* 3. Broad street, London wall.* 4. Bull
stairs, Upper Ground street, Southwark.* 5. Fore street, Lambeth.* 6.
Kent street, Southwark.* 7. Nicholas lane, Lombard street.* 8.
Turnmill street.* 9. Upper Ground, Southwark.* 10. Whitechapel.*

BULL _bridge_, 1. Horselydown. 2. Limehouse.

BULL _court_, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Nightingale lane.* 3. Petticoat
lane.* 4. Ragged row, Goswell street.*

BULL HEAD _alley_, Rag street, Hockley in the Hole.*

BULL HEAD _court_, 1. Broad street, London wall.* 2. Cow lane.* 3. Great
Queen street, Drury lane.* 4. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 5.
Laurence lane.* 6. Newgate street.* 7. Peter street, Cow Cross.* 8.
Wood street, Cheapside.*

BULL HEAD _passage_, Gracechurch street.*

BULL HEAD _yard_, near Blackman street, Southwark.*

BULL INN _court_, in the Strand.*

BULL _lane_, Stepney.*

BULL AND MOUTH _street_, St. Martin’s le Grand.*

BULL _stairs_, Bull alley, Upper Ground street, Southwark.*

BULL STAKE _alley_, Whitechapel.*

BULL WHARF, near Brook’s wharf.*

BULL WHARF _lane_, Thames street.*

BULL _yard_, 1. Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Goswell
street.* 3. St. John’s street, near Clerkenwell.* 4. Kingsland road,
Shoreditch.* 5. Old Horselydown.*

BULLEN’S _rents_, Shoe lane, Fleet street.†

BULLIFORD _court_, Fenchurch street.

BULLOCKS _court_, 1. Chequer alley, Old Bethlem. 2. Minories.

BULLOCK’S _yard_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. Nightingale lane.†

BULL’S _rents_, 1. Freeman’s lane.† 2. Lambeth marsh.†

BULSTRODE, the seat of the Duke of Portland, near Beaconsfield in
Buckinghamshire. It is a large handsome house finely situated in a
pleasant park, and you have a good view of it from the road to
Beaconsfield, which goes close to the park gate.

BUNCH’S _alley_, Thrall street.

BUNHILL _court_, Bunhill fields.

BUNHILL FIELDS, formerly called Bonhill fields, was anciently a tract of
ground of considerable extent, reaching from the north side of
Chiswell street to Old street.

BUNHILL FIELDS _Burial ground_, a large piece of ground near Upper
Moorfields. Maitland says it was formerly called Bonhill, or Goodhill.
It was set apart, consecrated and walled at the expence of the city,
in 1665, the dreadful year of pestilence, as a common cemetery for the
interment of such corps as could not have room in their parochial
burial grounds: but it not being used on this occasion, Mr. Tindal
took a lease of it, and converted into a burial ground for the use of
the dissenters. There are a great number of raised monuments with
vaults underneath belonging to particular families, and a multitude of
gravestones with inscriptions. The price of opening the ground, or of
interment, is 15_s._

BUNHILL FIELDS _School_, was erected by the company of Haberdashers, in
the year 1673, pursuant to the gift of Mr. Throgmorton, who endowed it
with 80_l._ _per annum_, for the education of thirty poor boys of the
parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate.

BUNHILL _row_, near Bunhill fields.

BURDEN’S _street_, David’s street.†

BURGE’S _court_, Wood street, Cheapside.†

BURIAL _yard_, Mill yard, Rosemary lane.

BURLEIGH _court_, Burleigh street.

_Burlington House._
_S. Waledel._ _B. Green sculp._
]

BURLEIGH _street_, in the Strand, near the house which formerly belonged
to the great Lord Treasurer Burleigh.

BURLINGTON _gardens_, a street by Bond street; took its name from its
being built on the spot, which was formerly the Earl of Burlington’s
garden.

BURLINGTON HOUSE, in Piccadilly. The front of this house, which is of
stone, is remarkable for the beauty of the design and workmanship. The
print representing the body of the house and a part of the wings, was
all that could be taken into the visual angle. The circular colonade
of the Doric order which joins the wings, is very noble and striking.
The house is hardly grand enough for the colonade, and seems to want
something in the center to make the entrance more conspicuous. The
house is of an older date than the front, which was built by the late
Earl of Burlington. The rooms within are in a fine taste, and the
stair-case is painted by Seb. Ricci, with great spirit and freedom.

BURLINGTON _mews_, Great Swallow street.

BURLINGTON _street_, Great Swallow street.

_The Earl of_ BURLINGTON’S seat at Chiswick. See the article CHISWICK.

BURNTWOOD. See BRENTWOOD.

BURR _street_, Lower East Smithfield.

BURTON’S _rents_, Holiwell street.†

BURY _court_, St. Mary Ax.†

BURY _street_, 1. Duke’s place. 2. Piccadilly.

BUSH _alley_, St. Catharine’s lane.

BUSH _lane_, Canon street, Walbrook.

BUSHE’S _rents_, St. John’s court, Cow lane.†

BUSHELL _court_, Lothbury.

BUSHELL’S _rents_, Wapping.†

BUSHY, a small village near Watford in Hertfordshire, adjoining to which
is a spacious common, called _Bushy Heath_, extending towards
Stanmore, in the county of Middlesex. This heath rises to a
considerable height, and from its top affords a most delightful
prospect. On the one hand we have a view of St. Alban’s, and of all
the space between, which appears like a garden: the inclosed corn
fields seem like one grand parterre: the thick planted hedges resemble
a wilderness or labyrinth: the villages interspersed thro’ the
landscape, appear at a distance like a multitude of gentlemen’s seats.
To the south east is seen Westminster Abbey, more to the south appears
Hampton Court, and on the south west Windsor Castle, with the Thames
winding between both, through the most beautiful parts of Middlesex
and Surry, its banks adorned with towns, and a multitude of
magnificent seats of the nobility.

BUTCHERHALL _lane_, Newgate street. Formerly a market being kept in
Newgate street, the slaughter houses of the butchers were in this
lane, when from the nastiness of the place it was called stinking
lane: but the market being removed after the fire, and this lane
rebuilt, here the company of butchers had their hall, whence it took
its name.

BUTCHER _row_, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Ratcliff cross. 3. Without Temple
Bar.

BUTCHERS, a fraternity that seems to have been very ancient, since they
were fined by Henry II. in the year 1180, as an _adulterine_ guild,
for being set up without the King’s licence; though they were not
incorporated till the year 1605. This company consists of a Master,
five Wardens, twenty-one Assistants, and two hundred and fourteen
Liverymen, who pay a fine of 2_l._ each upon their admission into the
livery. They have a neat and convenient hall in Pudding lane, in which
are three handsome rooms neatly wainscoted and adorned with fretwork.

BUTCHER’S _alley_, 1. Cable street. 2. St. John street, West Smithfield.
3. Windmill hill, Moorfields.

BUTCHERS ARMS _yard_, Goswell street.*

BUTCHER’S _close_, King street, Moorfields.

BUTCHER’S _dock_, Rotherhith wall†

BUTCHER’S _yard_, Brick lane.

BUTLER’S _alley_, 1. Grub street, Cripplegate.† 2. Windmill hill row.†

BUTLER’S _Almshouse_, in Little Chapel street, Westminster, was founded
by Mr. Nicholas Butler, in the year 1675, who endowed it with 12_l._
_per annum_. It consists of only two large rooms, for two poor men and
their wives.

BUTLER’S _court_, Houndsditch.†

BUTLER’S _yard_, Monkwell street.†

BUTTERFLY _court_, Grub street, Cripplegate.*

BUTTERMILK _alley_, Phenix street, Spitalfields.

BUTT’S _street_, Lambeth.†

BUTTONMOULD _row_, Dean’s court, St. Martin’s le Grand.

BYAS _rents_, Crucifix lane.

BYFIELD’S _passage_, Petticoat lane.†

BYFIELD’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.†

BYFLEET, a village in Surry, situated on a branch of the river Mole,
adorned with several gentlemen’s seats, and a fine park in its
neighbourhood. At this place is a handsome house belonging to Lieut.
Gen. Cornwall; and at a place at a small distance the Rev. Mr. Spence
has made many neat and elegant improvements. The river Mole flows by
the side of Byfleet park, and forming a great number of windings,
renders its course near four miles within the compass of the
inclosure.