Chapter XXVII: Part I: Statutes against Opposition to War. (See p. 110 of text.)

_Alaska_ Laws, 1917, c. 60 (utter any seditious matter or
tending to excite discontent, etc.; fair and honest
criticism excepted.) 1 yr. or $1,000.

_Florida_ Laws, 1917, c. 7392, No. 134 (persuading or publicly
attempting to persuade a person not to enlist in
war or when “our foreign relations tend to indicate
an impending war or state of war”).
Misdemeanor.

_Hawaii_ Laws, 1918 sp., Act 19 (“language calculated or
tending to discourage or prevent the vigorous
prosecution of the war”; “disrespect to any flag of
the United States”; “contemptuous or abusive
language about any allied nation or its flag or
uniform”; also peace clauses). 1 yr., $1,000.

_Iowa_ (See sedition statute, part II; no express war provision,
but opposition punished in:)

State _v._ Gibson, 174 N. W. 34 (1919).

_Louisiana_ Laws, 1917 sp., No. 10 (like Minn., 1917). 3 mos.-1 yr.,
$100-$500.

Laws, 1918, No. 138 (like contempt part of Espionage
Act of 1918). 5 yrs., $50-$5,000.
(See sedition statute, part II.)

_Minnesota_ Laws, 1917, c. 463 (see text; repealed by next statute).
1 yr., $100-$500.
State _v._ Holm, 139 Minn. 267; L. R. A. 1918
c. 304 (1918).
State _v._ Spartz, 140 Minn. 203 (quashed).
State _v._ Freerks, 140 Minn. 349.
State _v._ Townley, 140 Minn. 413 (quashed).
State _v._ Kaercher, 141 Minn. 186.
State _v._ Luker, 169 N. W. 700 (1918).
State _v._ Hartung, 169 N. W. 712 (1918)
(dissent).
State _v._ Gilbert, 169 N. W. 790.
State _v._ Martin, 169 N. W. 792 (dissent).
State _v._ Deike, 172 N. W. 777 (1919 reversed).
State _v._ Gilbert, 171 N. W. 798.
State _v._ Townley, 171 N. W. 930 (ind. good).
State _v._ Rempel, 172 N. W. 919 (reversed).
State _v._ Ludemann, 172 N. W. 887 (reversed).
State _v._ Rempel, 172 N. W. 888 (reversed).
State _v._ Randall, 173 N. W. 425.

Laws, 1919, c. 93 (practically all of U. S. Act of
1918, except obstructing enlistment). 20 yrs.,
$20,000.

_Montana_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 11 (model for U. S. Act of 1918).
1–20 yrs., $200-$20,000.

State _v._ Kahn, 182 Pac. 107 (1919).
State _v._ Griffith, 184 Pac. 219 (1919) (reversed).
State _v._ Wyman, 186 Pac. 1.
State _v._ Smith, 188 Pac. 644 (1920 reversed).
State _v._ Smith, 190 Pac. 107 (reversed).
_Ex parte_ Stair, 263 Fed. 145 (habeas corpus
denied).

Laws, 1919, c. 77 (copies U. S. Act of 1917 for war,
and rest of U. S. Act of 1918 for all times). 1–20
yrs., $200-$20,000.

_Nebraska_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 5 (very wide; punishes concealment
of knowledge that sedition has been committed;
also any violation of U. S. Act of 1917.)
20 yrs., $10,000.

Gerdes _v._ State, 175 N. W. 606 (1919) (reversed).

_New Jersey_ Laws, 1918, c. 36 (like Minn., 1917). 7 yrs., $100-$2,000.

State _v._ Tachin, 106 Atl. 145 (1919); 108 Atl.
318 (dissent).

(See sedition statute, part II).

_Texas_ Laws, 1918 (4th Called Sess.), c. 8 (like La.) 2–25
yrs.

_Ex parte_ Acker, 212 S. W. 500 (1919).
Fromme _v._ State, 212 S. W. 501.
Meyer _v._ State, 212 S. W. 504.
_Ex parte_ Meckel, 220 S. W. 81 (1920, held
unconstitutional).
3 mos.-1 yr., $100-$1,000.

_Wisconsin_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 13 (like Minn., 1917). 1 yr., $1,000.

(Note: In addition to the sedition statutes mentioned, several states during the period of hostilities passed criminal syndicalism laws, see part II—Arizona, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, South Dakota.)