Chapter V: Introduction: , Glossary, and Indexes (5)

With Anglo-French Chaucer may well have been familiar from an early age, so that the adaptation of the Man of Lawes Tale from the Chronicle by Nicholas Trivet could not have caused him much trouble. But he was also perfectly familiar with the French of the continent, and was under great obligations to Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun, and to Guillaume de Machault. He made translations of poems by Guillaume de Deguileville and Oto de Graunson. He was doubtless well acquainted with the writings of Froissart and of Eustace Deschamps. He also quotes from Jean de Vignay, and refers (once only) to the Alexandreid of Philippe Gautier de Chatillon. There is some reason to think that he consulted the Miracles de Notre Dame by Gautier de Coincy; see vol. v. 491. The Nun's Priest's Tale was derived, most likely, from the Roman de Renard, and not from Marie de France, who gives the tale in a briefer form. The Parson's Tale is from a French treatise by Fr[`e]re Lorens. We may also well suppose that Chaucer had seen several of the old romances in a French form; such as the romances relating to Alexander, Arthur, Charlemagne, and Octovien; Sir Bevis, Sir Guy, Libeaus Desconus, Sir Tristram and Sir Percival; though he makes remarkably little use of such material. What was the extent of his knowledge of the Roman de Troie as written by Benoist de Sainte-More, it is not very easy to say; but he probably had read it. Several of the Canterbury Tales seem to have been derived from French Fabliaux or from Latin stories of a similar character. The Squieres Tale reminds us of the romance of Cleomades and of the Travels of Marco Polo.

But it is to Latin authors that Chaucer was, on the whole, most indebted for his quotations and illustrations; and especially to the authors of medieval times. Of the great poets of antiquity, he was not acquainted with many; but he read such as he could attain to with great diligence. His chief book was Ovid; and it is almost certain, from the freedom with which he quotes him, that he had a MS. copy of his own among his 'sixty bokes olde and newe' (Leg. G.W.; A. 273). He quotes from the Ars Amatoria, Amores, Epistolae ex Ponto, Fasti, Heroides, Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris, and Tristia; so that he had read this author rather extensively. His next prime favourites were Vergil and Statius; and he knew something of Lucan and Claudian. We may be sure that his quotations from Horace and Juvenal were taken at second-hand; and that he had never read those authors himself. He glanced at the Prologue to the Satires of Persius, and he was acquainted with the first Elegy of Maximian. He seems to have seen a copy of Valerius Flaccus.

Of the older prose writers, he was best acquainted with the famous treatise by Boethius, and with the Somnium Scipionis of Cicero as preserved and commented on by Macrobius. He also quotes from other works by Cicero; from the work De Factis Memorabilibus by Valerius Maximus; and from some of the letters and treatises of Seneca[81]. There is evidence of his acquaintance with Suetonius and Florus; and, possibly, with the Fables of Hyginus. I find no sure trace of his acquaintance with Orosius, or with the works of the elder Pliny. It is almost certain that he was unacquainted with Livy; the story of Lucretia is really from St. Augustine[82] and Ovid; and that of Virginia, from Le Roman de la Rose.

As to the Latin fathers, we have the most ample evidence that Chaucer had very carefully studied the treatise of St. Jerome against Jovinian, which happens to include all that is known of the Liber Aureolus de Nuptiis by Theophrastus. How far he was really acquainted with the writings of St. Augustine and St. Bernard, we cannot very well discover. The quotations from St. Gregory, St. Basil, and others, in the Parson's Tale, are all given at second-hand.

The authors of later times whom Chaucer quotes or mentions are rather numerous; although, in many instances, he only quotes them at second-hand; as is (usually) pointed out in the Index. It may suffice to mention here some of the more important examples.

The life of St. Cecilia is from Jacobus de Voragine and Simeon Metaphrastes. The treatise by pope Innocent III. entitled De Contemptu Mundi, or otherwise, De Miseria Conditionis Humanae, was translated by our author into English verse; but only portions of it are preserved, viz. in the Man of Lawes Tale, and (adapted to the heroic measure) in the Pardoner's Tale. Alanus de Insulis wrote pieces entitled De Planctu Naturae, Anticlaudianus, and Liber Parabolarum; all of these are occasionally quoted or referred to, and the first of them clearly suggested the Parliament of Foules.

The Historia Troiae of Guido delle Colonne is made use of in Troilus and in the Legend of Good Women; and it is likely that Dares Phrygius and Dictys Cretensis were only known to Chaucer through the medium of Guido and of Benoist de Sainte-More. The Liber Consolationis et Consilii of Albertano of Brescia was most useful in supplying material for the Tale of Melibeus; which, however, was more immediately derived from the French version by Jean de Meun. Chaucer also knew something of the Liber de Amore Dei by the same author; and probably had read a third treatise of his, entitled De Arte Tacendi et Loquendi. Other books which drew his attention were the famous Gesta Romanorum; the Polycraticus of John of Salisbury; the Epistola Valerii ad Rufinum by Walter Map; the Liber Distichorum of Dionysius Cato, with the supplement entitled Facetus; and Albricus De Imaginibus Deorum. We also find casual allusions to the Aurora of Petrus de Riga; a poem by Martianus Capella; the Bestiary entitled Physiologus; the Burnellus of Nigellus Wireker; the Liber de Amore of Pamphilus Maurilianus; the Megacosmos of Bernardus Silvestris; the Nova Poetria of Geoffrey de Vinsauf; and the Speculum Historiale of Vincent of Beauvais. We need not include in the list authors such as Cassiodorus and Isidore of Seville, who are certainly quoted at second-hand. On the other hand, we must not forget the writers whom Chaucer consulted for special purposes, in connection with astrology and alchemy; such as, in the former case, Messahala, Ptolemy, Alchabitius, Almansor, Zael, and the aphorisms attributed to Hermes Trismegistus; and, in the latter case, the same Hermes, Jean de Meun, Arnoldus de Villa Nova, Senior Zadith, and others whose names do not expressly appear. Several authors are mentioned by name, with whose writings he was probably unacquainted; such as Alhazen, Averroes, Avicenna, Constantinus Afer, Dioscorides, Galen, Gatisden, Hippocrates, Rhasis, Rufus, and Vitellio; and we can see that some of these names were simply borrowed from Le Roman de la Rose. There is small reason to suppose that he knew more than the name of the huge work De Causa Dei by Thomas Bradwardine. As to Agathon, Corinnus, Lollius, and Zanzis, the suggestions already made in the notes upon the passages where these names occur contain, to the best of my belief, all that has hitherto been ascertained.

* * * * *

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

The references in this index are given according to the following scheme.

Poems denoted by Arabic numerals are Minor Poems, as printed in vol. i. Thus, under 'A, _prep._ on,' the reference '3. 370' means Minor Poem no. 3, line 370, or l. 370 of the Book of the Duchesse. The letter 'R.' refers to the Romaunt of the Rose, Fragment A, in vol. i. pp. 93-164; the rest of the Poem, not being Chaucer's, is indexed separately. Thus 'R. 163' means l. 163 of the Romaunt.

The five books of Boethius (in vol. ii.) are denoted by B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4, B 5, respectively; and the 'prose' and 'metrical' sections are denoted by 'p' and 'm'. Thus, under 'Abaissen,' the reference 'B 4. p 7. 56' means 'Boethius, bk. iv. prose 7, line 56.' The five books of Troilus (also in vol. ii.) are denoted by T. i., T. ii., T. iii., T. iv., and T. v. Thus 'T. iii. 1233' means 'Troilus, bk. iii., line 1233.'

The House of Fame and the Legend of Good Women (in vol. iii.) are denoted by 'HF.' and 'L.' respectively. If, in the latter case, the italic letter '_a_' follows the number of the line, the reference is to the earlier (or A-text) of the Prologue to the Legend. Thus 'HF. 865' means 'House of Fame, line 865.' Again, 'L. 2075' means 'Legend of Good Women, line 2075'; and 'L. 200 _a_' means 'Legend, &c., line 200 of the text in the upper part of the page.'

The Prologue and the two books of the Treatise on the Astrolabe (in vol. iii.) are denoted, respectively, by 'A. pr.', 'A. i.', and 'A. ii.' Thus, under 'Abate', the reference 'A. ii. 10. 8' means 'Astrolabe, bk. ii. s. 10, line 8'; and 'A. pr. 10' means 'Astrolabe, prologue, line 10.'

References to the Canterbury Tales (in vol. iv.) are known by the use of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, which are used to denote the various Groups into which the Tales are divided. In this case, 'A' is never followed by a full stop or by Roman numerals, as when the 'Astrolabe' is referred to; and such a reference as 'B 5,' meaning line 5 of Group B, is quite distinct from 'B 5. p 1. 1,' where 'B 5' means bk. v. of Boethius, and is invariably accompanied by the 'p' or 'm' denoting the 'prose' or 'metre.'

SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS OF VOLUMES I-IV. Vol. i. contains R. (Romaunt of the Rose), Fragment A alone being Chaucer's; and the Minor Poems, which are all numbered, viz. 1 (ABC.); 2 (Compleynte unto Pite); 3 (Book of the Duchesse); 4 (Mars); 5 (Parlement of Foules); 6 (Compleint to his Lady); 7 (Anelida); 8 (Wordes to Adam); 9 (Former Age); 10 (Fortune); 11 (Merciless Beauty); 12 (To Rosemounde); 13 (Truth); 14 (Gentilesse); 15 (Lak of Stedfastnesse); 16 (Envoy to Scogan); 17 (Envoy to Bukton); 18 (Venus); 19 (To his Purse); 20 (Proverbs); 21 (Against Women Unconstant); 22 (Amorous Complaint); 23 (Balade of Compleynt).

Vol. ii. contains B. (Boethius, in five books, viz. B 1, B 2, &c.); and T. (Troilus, in five books, viz. T. i., T. ii., &c.).

Vol. iii. contains HF. (House of Fame); L. (Legend of Good Women, with two Prologues, the older one being marked _a_); and A. (Astrolabe), with its pr. (prologue), and two books (i. and ii.).

Vol. iv. contains the Canterbury Tales, divided into Groups denoted by A, B, C ... F. (The Tale of Gamelyn, not being Chaucer's, is indexed separately.)

ALPHABETICALLY, the references are to A (Group A of Cant. Tales); A. (Astrolabe); B (Group B of C. T.); B 1 ... B 5 (Boethius, books 1 to 5); C, D, E, F, G, H, I (Groups C to I of C. T.); HF. (House of Fame); L. (Legend of Good Women); R. (Romaunt of the Rose); T. i. ... T. v. (Troilus, books 1 to 5). The Minor Poems, numbered 1 to 23, are given above. When the letter '_n_' follows a reference, the given form will not be found in the text, but in the footnotes.

ABBREVIATIONS. Besides _s._, _adj._, and _adv._, for _substantive_, _adjective_, _adverb,_, the following are used in a special sense:--_v._, a verb in the infinitive mood; _ger._, gerund; _pr. s._, present tense, 3rd person singular; _pr. pl._, present tense, 3rd person plural. Other persons are denoted by the figures 1 or 2.

The etymology of words is given occasionally, in the case of some of the more difficult words. Languages are cited in the usual manner, as A.F. for Anglo-French, O.F. for Old French, A.S. for Anglo-Saxon, and the like.

A large number of references are given, but they are by no means exhaustive. I have tried to include nearly all words to which any interest is likely to be attached. In the case of verbal forms, every form is duly parsed. References to 'notes' are to the Notes in the present edition.

Proper names will be found in a separate Index.

* * * * *

A, the first letter of the alphabet, T. i. 171; the letter A, A 161.

A, _indef. art._ a, A 24, &c.; _al a_, the whole of a, E 1165; one, D 1396; one and the same, 21. 5; about, some, L. 2075.

A, _prep._ on, T. ii. 1098; A 3516; on (the), R. 163; in, H 318; for, 3. 370, 758; in (the), T. i. 363; A-nighte, by night, B 3758, G 880; A-dayes, a-days, E 1164, G 1396; A-morwe, on the morrow, A 822; A three, in three, A 2934; A goddes half, 'on God's side,' in God's name, D 50; A goddes name, in God's name, A 854.

A! _int._ ah! 3. 213.

A! HA! _interj._ aha! T. i. 868, ii. 589, iii. 65; B 1629, D 586; HF. 865.

ABAISSEN, _ger._ to be dismayed, B 4. p 7. 56; Abaisshed, _pp._ abashed, B 1. p 1. 57; Abaysshed, _pp._ abashed, shy, T. iii. 1233; Abayst, _pp._ amazed, spell-bound, B 3. m 12. 23; abashed, cast down, T. iii. 94, 1122; disconcerted, E 317, 1011; Abaysed, amazed, E 1108. See ABASSHEN.

ABAK, _adv._ backwards, A 3736, B 2017; aback, back, L. 864.

ABAKWARD, _adv._ backward, B 3. m 12. 41.

ABANDOUNE, _v._ devote, I 713; Abandouneth, _pr. s._ abandons, B 2767; Abaundoneth, B 2767.

ABASSHEN, _v._ fear, be abashed, R. 1552; Abasshed, _pp._ abashed, confused, 5. 447; confounded, R. 805, 1519; disconcerted, B 568. See ABAISSEN.

ABATE, _v._ lower, put down, B 3780; depreciate, R. 286; Abate, _2 pr. s. subj._ subtract, A. ii. 10. 8; Abated, _pp._ enfeebled, B 3. p 5. 33; put down, I 191.

ABAUNDONETH, _pr. s._ abandons, B 2767. See ABANDOUNE.

ABAVED, _pp._ confounded, disconcerted, 3. 614. Answering to an O.F. _*abavir_, due to O.F. _esbahir_, to astonish; with _v_ in place of lost _h_; see Brachet's Etym. F. Dict. s.v. _glaive_.

ABAWED, _the same as_ ABAVED, 3. 614_n_.

ABAYST; see ABAISSEN.

ABBESSE, _s._ abbess, D 678.

ABBEY, _s._ abbey, B 4044; Abb['e]ye, B 1488; Abbay, B 1814.

ABBOT, _s._ A 161.

ABC., alphabet, A. i. 11. 2.

A-BEDDE, in bed, T. i. 915, iii. 689, 693; D 1084, 1259.

ABEGGE, _v._ pay for it, A 3938. A Kentish form, from A.S. _[=a]bycgan_. See ABEYE, ABYE.

A-BEGGED, a-begging (see note), F 1580.

ABET, _s._ abetment, abetting, aid, T. ii. 357.

ABEYE, _v._ pay for, C 100. Cf. A.S. _[=a]bycgan_. See ABYE.

ABHOMIN['A]BLE, _adj._ hateful, C 471, 631, D 2006, H 343; loathsome, I 122.

ABHOMINACIOUNS, _s. pl._ abominations, horrible occurrences, B 88. See ABOMINACIOUN.

ABIDEN, ABIT; see ABYDE.

ABITE, _s._ habit, dress, L. 146a.

A-BLAKEBERIED; see BLAKEBERIED.

ABLE, _adj._ capable, 3. 786; A 584; fit, suitable, adapted, A 167; fit, L. 320; fit for, 3. 779; deemed deserving, 1. 184; fitting, R. 986.

ABLEN, _v._; Ablinge, _pr. pt._ enabling, lifting, B 3. m 9. 24; fitting, B 1. m 6. 12.

ABLUCIONS, _s. pl._ ablutions, washings, G 856.

ABODES, _pl. of_ Abood, _s._

ABOGHTE, ABOGHT; see ABYE.

ABOMINACIOUN, _s._ disgust, D 2179. See ABHOMINACIOUNS.

ABOOD, _s._ delay, A 965; tarrying, T. v. 1307; abiding, continuance, HF. 1963; Abodes, _pl._ delays, T. iii. 854.

ABOOD, _pt. s. of_ Abyde.

ABOUNDE, _v._ abound, T. ii. 159.

ABOUTE, _prep._ about, round, A 158; throughout, T. ii. 734; Abouten, round about, R. 1563; near, E 1106.

ABOUTE, _adv._ about, engaged in, T. v. 1645; in due order, in turn, A 890; around, A 488; here and there, 5. 247; _been a._, go about, endeavour, A 1142.

ABOVEN, _prep._ above, A 53, 2769, E 826; B 1. p 1. 21; A. ii. 45. 47.

ABREGGE, _ger._ to abridge, shorten, T. iii. 262; B 2233, I 243; Abrigge with thy peynes, to shorten thy pains with, T. iv. 426; _v._ A 2999, E 1614, 1657.

ABREGGINGE, _s._ abridging, B 5. p 1. 57 (see note); diminishing, I 568. See above.

A-BREYDE, _v._ awake, T. iii. 1113; come to my senses, HF. 559; _ger._ T. v. 520 _n_; Abreyde, _pr. s. subj._ awake, A 4190; Abrayd, _pt. s._ (_strong form_), woke up, started up, 3. 192; Abreyd, _1 pt. s._ started from sleep, HF. 110; Abrayde, _pt. s._ (_weak form_), started, B 4198; Abreyde, awoke, T. i. 724, iv. 1212; E 1061. A.S. _[=a]bregdan_, pt. t. _[=a]braegd_ (_strong form_). Ch. also uses the weak form, as above.

ABROCHE, _v._ broach, D 177.

ABROOD, _adv._ abroad, i.e. wide open, F 441.

ABS['E]NT, _adj._ absent, T. iii. 488, v. 637; Absent, 7. 93, 138.

ABS['E]NTE, _2 pr. pl. subj._ absent yourself, 1. 43.

ABSOLUCIOUN, _s._ absolution, A 222.

ABSOLUT, _adj._ absolute, B 3. p 11. 16; free, B 5. p 6. 169.

ABSOLUTLY, _adv._ wholly, B 4. p 2. 147.

ABSTINENCE, _s._ HF. 660; T. iv. 784; I 831.

ABUSIOUN, _s._ abuse, absurdity, T. iv. 990; deceit, B 214; Abusion, a shameful thing, scandal, T. iv. 1060; I 445.

ABYDEN, _v._ abide, await, 1. 131; wait for, HF. 1086; _ger._ A 927; Abyde, _v._ wait, R. 1451; T. i. 956; B 4270; be still, withdraw, F 1522; Abyde, _ger._ to await, B 1. p 1. 58; Abydest, _2 pr. s._ awaitest, B 4. p 6. 256; dost expect, B 1. p 4. 3; Abydeth, _pr. s._ awaits, B 2175; dwells, T. ii. 987; Abit, _pr. s._ waits for, T. i. 1091; abides, G 1175; Abyd, _imp. s._ stay, wait, A 3129; A. ii. 23. 9; Abydeth, _imp. pl._ B 1175; _pres. pt._ Abyding, E 757; Abood, _pt. s._ awaited, T. iv. 156; stopped, HF. 1062; expected, 3. 247; Abood, _1 pt. s._ waited, L. 309; B 3. p 1. 16; Ab[)i]den, _pt. pl._ abode, T. i. 474 (an awkward construction; see the note); Abiden, _pp._ waited, B 3. p 9. 139; T. ii. 935; A 2982. A.S. _[=a]b[=i]dan_, pt. t. _[=a]b[=a]d_, pt. t. pl. _[=a]bidon_; pp. _[=a]biden_.

ABYDINGE, _s._ expectation, B 2. p 3. 41.

ABYE, _v._ pay for, A 4393, C 756, D 2155, G 694; Abyen, _v._ B 2012; Abyest, _2 pr. s._ sufferest, B 2. p 4. 8; Abyeth, _pr. s._ suffers, undergoes,B 4. p 1. 21; pays for, R. 272; Abyen, _pr. pl._ undergo, B 4. p 4. 58; Aboughte, _pt. s._ paid for, T. v. 1756; A 2303; Aboghte, suffered for, A 2303, I 267; Aboght, _pp._ paid for, L. 2483; A 3100; purchased, 18. 37; bought dearly, L. 1387 (see note); atoned for, A 3100, C 503. A.S. _[=a]bycgan_. See ABEGGE, ABEYE.

A-CATERWAWED, a-caterwauling, D 354 (see note).

ACCEPT['A]BLE, _adj._ D 1913.

ACCEPTE, _v._ to accept; Accepted, _pp._ A 2267; Accepteth, _imp. pl._ E 96, 127

ACC['E]SSE, _s._ feverish attack, T. ii. 1315, 1543, 1578.

ACCIDENT, _s._ that which is accidental, T. iv. 1505; incident, T. iii. 918; accidental occurrence, HF. 1976; unusual appearance, E 607; outward appearance (see note), C 539.

ACCIDIE, _s._ sloth, I 388, 677.

ACCIOUN, _s._ action, i.e. accusation, 1. 20; Accions, _pl._ I 82.

ACCOMPLICE, _v._ accomplish, A 2864, B 2258. See ACOMPLISSHEN.

ACCORD, _s._ agreement, B 2988, C 25, F 791; harmony, B 4069; peace, I 992. See ACORD.

ACCORDAUNCE, _s._ concord, harmony, R. 496; Acordaunce, B 2. m 8. 9.

ACCORDAUNT, _adj._ suitable, B 4026; Accordant, F 103.

ACCORDE, _v._ agree; Accorde, _pr. s. subj._ G 638; Accordeth, _pr. s._ beseems, L. 2583; Accorded, _pt. s._ agreed, B 1504; _pp._ L. 1635; Acorded, _pp._ B 238; ['A]ccordinge, _pr. pt._ agreeing, D 924. See ACORDE.

ACCOUNTES, _pl._ accounts, B 1277.

ACCUSE, _v._; Accuseth, _pr. s._ reveals, R. 1591; Acused, _pt. s._ blamed, T. ii. 1081; Accused, _pp._ accused, A 1765.

ACCUSEMENT, _s._ accusation (of her), T. iv. 556.

ACCUSOUR, _s._ accuser, L. 353; revealer, T. iii. 1450; Accusor, B 1. P 4. 75.

ACH['A]T, _s._ buying, purchase, A 571; B 1. p 4. 64.

ACH['A]TOURS, _pl._ buyers, caterers, A 568.

ACHE, _s._ ache, T. iv. 728.

A-CHEKKED, _pp._ checked, hindered, HF. 2093.

ACHEVE, _v._ achieve, L. 1614; Acheveth, _pr. s._ T. ii. 808; Acheved, _pp._ B 1. p 4. 141.

ACHOKEN, _v._ choke, stifle, B 2. p 5. 57; Achoked, _pp._ L. 2008.

ACLOYETH, _pr. s._ overburdens, 5. 517. See ACCLOY in the New E. Dict.

A-COMPAS, _adv._ in a circle, L. 300.

ACOMPLISSHEN, _ger._ to achieve, B 4. p 2. 191; Acomplisshe, _pr. s. subj._ fulfil, comprehend, B 3. p 10. 122. See ACCOMPLICE.

ACORD, _s._ agreement, 5. 371; L. 159; A 838, 3082; Acorde, concord, 5. 381, 668; accord, 3. 316; _in accord_, in tune, 5. 197; _al of oon acorde_, in tune, 3. 305; Acordes, _pl._ agreements, HF. 695. See ACCORD.

ACORDABLE, _adj._ harmonious, B 2. m 8. 14.

ACORDAUNCE, _s._ concord, B 2. m 8. 9; Accordaunce, R. 496.

ACORDAUNT, _adj._ suitable, A 37, 3363; agreeing, B 1. p 4. 164; Acordant to, in harmony with, 5. 203.

ACORDE, _v._ accord, T. v. 446; _1 pr. s._ grant, allow, L. 3; Acordeth, _pr. s._ agrees, B 2. p 4. 67; F 798; concerns, L. 955; Acorden, _pr. pl._ agree, B 2137; Accorde, _pr. pl._ B 2395; Acorde, _pr. pl._ A 830; Acorded, _pt. s._ suited, A 244; Acordeden, _pt. pl._ agreed, L. 168, 1739; According, _pres. part._ agreeing, B 1737; A. ii. 14. 5; Acorded, _pp._ agreed, A 818, 1214, D 812; T. v. 1310.

ACORNS, _pl._ B 1. m 6. 5; Acornes, B 2. m 5. 4; Akornes, fruits, B 4. m 3. 19.

ACORSE, _1 pr. s._ curse, T. iv. 839.

ACOUNTE, _v._ consider, B 3591; Acounted, _pt. s._ valued, cared, 3. 1237; Acountedest, _2 pt. s._ didst reckon, B 2. p 5. 71.

ACOUNTINGE, _s._ reckoning, calculation, B 1. m 2. 10.

ACOYE, _v._; Acoyede, _pt. s._ caressed, B 2. p 3. 45.

ACQUITANCE, _s._ release, A 4411; Acquitaunce, release, 1. 60; deed of release, A 3327.

ACQUYTE, _v._ acquit, D 1599; acquit oneself, E 936; Acquiten, I 179; Acquiteth, _imp. pl._ B 37.

ACTES, _pl._ acts, deeds, C 574, D 114, E 1838; records, B 4326.

ACTIF, _adj._ active, B 1. p 1. 21.

ACTUEL, _adj._ actual, I 357.

ACURSE, _v._ curse, T. iii. 1072; Acursed, _pp._ R. 468; 1. 150.

ACUSED, _pt. s._ blamed, T. ii. 1081. See ACCUSE.

ACUSTOMAUNCE, _s._ system of habits, habitual method of life, HF. 28; _had of acustumaunce_, was accustomed, B 3701.

ADAMANT, _s._ adamant, A 1990; Adamaunt, loadstone, magnet, R. 1182; Adamauntes, _pl._ loadstones, 5. 418.

ADAWE, _v._ awake, recover, T. iii. 1120; Adawed, _pp._ E 2400.

A-DAY, in the day, T. ii. 60. See A, _prep._

ADDEN, _v._ add, B 3. p 9. 31, 34; Added, _pt. s._ A 499.

ADDER, _s._ adder, viper, E 1786_n_; Addres, _pl._ B 5. m 5. 4_n_.

ADDING, _s._ (the) addition, A. ii. 41. 10.

ADIECCIOUN (Adjeccioun), _s._ addition, B 5. p 6. 134.

A-DIEU! T. i. 1041.

ADIURACIOUN (Adjuracioun), _s._ adjuration, I 603.

ADORNE, _v._; Adorneth, _pr. pl._ adorn, T. iii. 2.

A-DOUN, _adv._ downwards, down, L. 178, 250, 792, 1413, 1726; A 393, B 3630, F 351, 464, 862, G 1113, I 72; down below, HF. 889; below, H 105; at the bottom, G 779.

ADOURING, _s._ adoration, I 682.

ADRAD, _pp._ afraid, A 605, 3425; R. 1228; T. ii. 115; L. 300 _a_; B 2. p 4. 113; 3. 493, 879; HF. 928; Adred, 3. 1190.

ADRESSINGE, _s._ directing, B 5. p 4. 63.

ADVERSARIE, _adj._ hostile, I 697.

ADVERS['A]RIE, _s._ adversary, B 3868, C 194, G 1476; Adversaire, 1. 8; Advers['a]ries, _pl._ T. ii. 1435.

ADVERSITEE, _s._ adversity, A 484, F 502; 1. 101; harm, 7. 258, 276.

ADVERTENCE, _s._ attention, heed, T. iv. 698, v. 1258; HF. 709; G 467.

ADV['O]CAC['Y][:E]S, _pl._ pleas, T. ii. 1469.

ADV['O]CAT, _s._ advocate, intercessor, B 2211, G 68; 1. 102; Advocats, _pl._ (in which the _t_ is mute), C 291; B 4. p 4. 183.

AFER, _adv._ afar, HF. 1215; L. 212; B 5. p 4. 103.

A-F[`E]RE, on fire, T. i. 229. See A-FYRE.

A-FEREN, _v._ to frighten; A-fered, _pp._ afraid, affrighted, T. i. 974, iii. 482; A 1518, C 284; L. 53 _a_, 2321; Aferd, _pp._ afraid, A 628, 4095; B 4611.

AFFECCIOUN, _s._ affection, devotion, A 1158; L. 1229.

AFFECT, _s._ desire; Affectis, _pl._ T. iii. 1391

AFFERME, _v._ affirm, T. ii. 1588; Affermeth, _pr. s._ affirms, B 4315; fixes, B 4. m 6. 31; Affermed, _pp._ agreed upon, L. 790; established, A 2349.

AFFIANCE, _s._ trust, B 1330.

AFFINITEE, _s._ relation, B 1. p 4. 196.

AFFORCED, _pp._ forced, I 974.

AFFRAY, _s._ fray, quarrel, D 2156; terror, B 1137, 3273; fright, 4. 214; HF. 553; Afray, dread, 7. 334.

AFFRAYE, _v._ to frighten; Affrayeth, _pr. s._ arouses, excites, R. 91; Affrayed, _pp._ frightened, afraid, B 563; scared, B 4468; roused, 3. 296.

AFFYLE, _v._ file, i.e. render smooth, A 712; T. ii. 1681.

AFOR-YEYN, _prep._ over against, T. ii. 1188. See _Afornens_ in the New E. Dict.

AFOUNDE, _v._ founder, perish, 12. 21. (Not in the New E. Dict.; but see _Afounder_ in the same).

AFRAYED, _adj._ scared, distracted, R. 154. See AFFRAYE.

AFRIGHTE, _v._ to frighten; Afright, _pp._ affrighted, B 4085.

AFTER, _prep._ according to, A 125, 3220, B 2460, 2646, C 52, D 1642, F 100, 1033, G 25; L. 91, 2651; 1. 143; 3. 1095; 5. 305; A. pr. 61; A. ii. 17. 25; in expectation of, for, B 467; to get, A 525; later than, A. i. 21. 15; according as, L. 575; after, i.e. to fetch, L. 1130; T. v. 280; towards, A 136; in accordance with, 8. 4; by inheritance from, L. 1072; After as, according as, 5. 216; After oon, alike, A. 1781; After me, according to my command, E 327; After the yeer, according to the season of the year, F 47; After that, according as, T. ii. 1347; E 203.

AFTER, _adv._ afterwards, next, 5. 59, A 162, B 98; L. 75.

AFTERWARD, _adv._ afterwards, R. 5,29; A 497.

A-FYRE, on fire, D 726, 1982; HF. 1858; L. 2493; A-fyr, 1. 94; T. iii. 856; A-f[`e]re, T. i. 229.

AGAIN, _prep._ when exposed to, L. 2426; Agayn, against, B 580, 1754, C 181, 427, G 1415, I 110; towards, A 2680; (so as) to meet, R. 785; D 1000; opposite to, R. 1577; exposed to, H 110; contrary to, F 748; just before, B 4268, H 301; near, G 1279; to meet, B 391, G 1342; in comparison with, L. 189; Ageyn, against, A 66, F 142; 13. 11; compared with, R. 1011; turned towards, L. 48.

AGAIN, _adv._ again; Agayn, A 801; Ageyn, F 654.

AGAINS, _prep._ against; Agayns, C 181, I 154; contrary to, B 2776; in answer to, L. 344; instead of, I 187, 192; before, in presence of, C 743; to meet, E 911; near to, A. ii. 23. 8; Agaynes, against, 3. 16; near, E 2325; Ageyns, against, B 3754; L. 330.

A-GAME, _adv._ in play, in jest, in mockery, in sport, 4. 277; T. iii. 636, 648.

AGASTE, _ger._ to terrify, T. ii. 901; _v._ B 4178; Agasteth, _pr. s._ deters, frightens, B 4. p 6. 201; L. 1171; Agasten, _pr. pl._ terrify, B 3. m 12. 24; Agaste, _pt. s._ frightened, L. 1221; B 3395; Agaste, _pt. s. refl._ was affrighted, A 2424; Agast, _pp._ scared, frightened, terrified, A 2931, 3834; 7. 316; HF. 557; aghast, B 4079, D 798; afraid, A 4267, B 1859, E 1052; T. i. 715, v. 893; L. 1534; B 2. p 2. 43, p 4. 115; B 3. p 5. 28, 44.

AGAYN, AGAYNS; see AGAIN, AGAINS.

AGAYN-WARD, _adv._ backward, at the point of return, A. i. 17. 9; back again, B 441.

AGE, _s._ age, A 82, 601; life, E 627; Ages, _pl._ times, periods, B 3177; T. ii. 27.

AGEIN, AGEINS; see AGAIN, AGAINS.

AGEYN, AGEYNS; see AGAIN, AGAINS.

AGGREGGE; see AGREGGE.

AGILTEN, _v._ do wrong, L. 436; Agilte, _pt. s._ did offence, D 392; wrongly committed, L. 2385; _1 pt. s._ wronged, HF. 329; offended, T. iii. 840; Agilte, _pr. s. subj._ (if he) offend, I 150; Agilt, _pp._ offended, 1. 122; offended by sin, I 131; sinned, T. v. 1684, L. 463; B 3008.

AGON, _v._ to go away; Ago, _pp._ gone away, T. v. 1054; E 1764; 7. 61; gone, F 1204; passed away, A 2802; past, L. 1766; dead, L. 916; _to ben ago_, to be off, 5. 465; Agon, _pp._ departed, A 1276; gone away C 810; past, C 246; _nat longe agon is_, it is not long ago, D 9; Agoon, _pp._ gone, departed, L. 1110; D 2070; passed away, A 1782; dead, E 631; 3. 479, 7. 150; ago, B 1841, C 436.

AGONYE, _s._ agony, struggle, A 3452.

AGREABLE (['a]gre['a]ble), pleasing, HF. 1097; 18. 41; Agr['e]able, 18. 68; Agreables, _pl._ pleasant, B 3. m 2. 19.

AGREABLELY, _adv._ complacently, B 2. p 4. 92.

AGREABLETEE, _s._ equability, B 2. p 4. 83.

A-GREEF, in dudgeon, lit. 'in grief,' T. iii. 862, 1621; sadly, T. iv. 613; Agref, amiss, 5. 543; A-grief, in dudgeon, B 4083, D 191.

AGRE[:E]N, _v._ agree, consent, T. iii. 131; Agree, _pr. s. subj._ agree, 5. 409; suit, T. i. 409.

AGREGGE, _v._ aggravate; Agreggeth, _pr. s._ I 960; Aggreggeth, B 2477; Agreggen, _pr. pl._ I 892; Agreggeden, _pt. pl._ aggravated, B 2209.

AGREVE, _v._ to vex; Agreved, _pp._ angry, A 2057; vexed, L. 345; aggrieved, E 500.

AGRIEF; see AGREEF.

AGRISEN, AGROOS; see AGRYSEN.

AGROTED, _pp._ surfeited, cloyed, L. 2454. See the New E. Dict.

AGRYSEN, _v._ shudder, tremble, feel terror, B 1. p 3. 15; Agryse, _v._ feel terror, HF. 210; T. ii. 1435; B 614, C 280, D 1649; Agrysest, _2 pr. s._ dreadest, B 2. p 1. 45; Agryseth, _pr. s._ trembles, shivers, B 1. m 6. 7; Agr[`o][`o]s, _pt. s._ shuddered, was terrified, became frightened, T. ii. 930; L. 830, 2314; A-grisen, _pp._ filled with dread, B 3. p 1. 12. A.S. _[=a]gr[=i]san_; pt. t. _[=a]gr[=a]s_; pp. _[=a]grisen_.

AGU, _s._ ague, B 4150.

AGUILER, _s._ needle-case, R. 98.

A-HEIGH, _adv._ aloft, B 5. m 5. 16.

AIOURNE (Ajourne), _imp. s._ adjourn, summon on another day, 1. 158.

AIR, _s._ air, D 2254. See EIR.

AIUGED (Ajuged), _pp._; _a. biforn_, prejudged, B 1. p 4. 72 (Lat. _praeiudicatae_.)

AKE, _v._ ache, T. ii. 549; L. 705; _ger._ HF. 632; Ake, _pr. pl._ ache, T. iii. 1561; Aken, _pr. pl._ B 2113.

AKETOUN, _s._ a short sleeveless tunic, worn under the hauberk, B 2050. Fr. _hoqueton_, O.Fr. _auqueton_, a cloak, a stuff for cloaks; originally _alqueton_, Span. _alcoton_, Arabic _al-q[=u]tun_, where _al_ is the article, and _q[=u]tun_ is our _cotton_.

AKINGE, _s._ aching, pain, T. i. 1088.

AKNOWE, _v._; Aknowe, _pp._ conscious; _am aknowe_, I acknowledge, B 1. p 4. 109, B 4. p 4. 1.

AKORNES, _s. pl._ acorns, fruits, B 4. m 3. 19. See ACORNS.

AL, _adj._ all, A 10; Alle, _pl._ all, A 26, 53; Al, every, R. 1586; _as s._ everything, T. iii. 1764; _al a_, the whole of a, A 854, G 996; _and al_, and all, 3. 116; B 3275; _at al_, in every respect, wholly, C 633, E 1222; at all, D 1078; _in al_, altogether, entirely, B 1. p 6. 43; B 4. p 4. 193; _al day_, all the day, 3. 1105:--Al, _adv._ quite, entirely, altogether, 5. 540; L. 1765, 1766; B 2289, 3215, 3451, E 1629, I 357; all over, R. 840; _al on highte_, quite aloud, A 1784; _al by oon assent_, quite with one accord, 5. 557:--Al, _conj._ although, HF. 1740; T. i. 17; B 2173, C 212, D 87, F 878; L. 58, 160, 384, 1392, 1420, 1841, 2392; whether, G 839; _al be_, although, albeit, 4. 274, 5, 436; A 297; _al be that_, although, 5. 8:--Al and som, the whole matter (collectively and severally), D 91, F 1606; T. ii. 363; L. 998, 2384; Al and somme, each and all, all, the whole, 7. 26; Al and som, 5. 650; Alle and some, one and all, A 3136, B 263, C 336, D 1643, E 941; T. iii. 607, v. 883; HF. 46; Al only, _adv._ merely, simply, 2. 62; B 2662; Al so, so, E 1226; Al thing, everything, R. 53; Al thus, exactly thus, 5. 30. See ALLE.

AL, _s._ awl, 13. 11. See OULES.

ALABASTRE, _s._ alabaster, A 1910.

ALAMBYK (['a]lamb['y]k), _s._ alembic, T. iv. 520; Alembykes, _pl._ G 794. '_Alambique_, a limbeek, a stillatory'; Cotgrave. A kind of retort for distilling. O.F. _alambic_, from Span. _alambique_; from Arab, _al-anbiq_; where _anbiq_ answers to Gk. [Greek: ambix], a cup, also the cap of a still.

ALAUNTS, _pl._ dogs of a huge size (see note), A 2148.

ALAYES, _s. pl._ alloy, E 1167.

AL-BE-IT, although, L. 1363; E 1537; A. ii. 12. 8; Al be it so that, A. ii. 31. 6.

ALBIFICACIOUN, _s._ albefaction, whitening, rendering of a white colour, G 805.

ALDAY, AL-DAY, _adv._ continually, A 1168, 1524, 3902, B 4282, F 481, I 106; T. i. 217, iv. 1563; R. 1506; always, L. 1250, 1877; B 1702; everyday, at any time, 4. 237.

ALDER, _s._ alder-tree, A 2921.

ALDER, _gen. pl._ of all; _oure alder_, of us all, 1. 84; L. 298 (see note). See ALLER, ALTHER.

ALDER-BEST, _adv._ best of all, 3. 87; T. i. 1008; A 710. See ALLER.

ALDERBESTE, _adj._ best of all, 3. 246, 1279; T. iii. 1597; Alderbest, 3. 907.

ALDERFAIRESTE, _adj. fem. def._ fairest of all, 3. 1050; Alder-fayrest, B 3. m 9. 8.

ALDERFIRST, _adv._ first of all, B 2393, E 1618, F 550, G 423; T. i. 1069, iv. 74, 832; in the first place, R. 1000; for the first time, B 1. p 3. 17; Alderfirste, L. 2635.

ALDERFIRSTE, _adj._ first of all, T. iii. 97.

ALDERLAST, _adv._ lastly, R. 449.

ALDER-LEST, least of all, T. i. 604.

ALDERLEVEST, dearest of all, T. iii. 239, v. 576.

ALDERMAN, _s._ alderman, the head of a guild, A 372.

ALDERMOST, _adv._ most of all, T. i. 152, 248, 1003; L. 2117, 2567; B 4. p 4. 37, B 5. p 3. 114.

ALDER-NEXT, _adv._ nearest of all, next, 5. 244.

ALDERWORST, _adj. superl._ worst of all, B 5. p 3. 113.

ALDERWYSEST, _adj. pl._ the wisest of all, T. i. 247.

ALE, _s._ ale, A 341, 382, 3378, C 315, D 171; Ale and breed, drink and meat, B 2062; _gen._ Ale, of ale, B 3083.

ALEGGE; see ALLEGGE.

ALEMANDRES, _pl._ almond-trees, R. 1363.

ALEMBYKES, _pl._ alembics, G 794. See ALAMBYK.

ALENGE, _the same as_ Elenge, B 1412_n_, D 1199_n_.

ALESTAKE, _s._ ale-stake, i.e. a horizontal stake or short pole projecting from an ale-house to support a sign or bush, A 667, C 321.

ALEY, _s._ an alley, B 1758; Aleyes, _pl._ alleys, walks, E 2324, F 1013; T. ii. 820.

ALEYS, _1 pl._ service-berries, berries of the service-tree, R. 1377. O.F. _alie_, F. _alise_; cf. G. _Elsebeere_.

ALGATE, _adv._ always, A 571; at any rate, 3. 887, 1087; L. 361, 461; C 292, E 885, G 318, 904; nevertheless, L. 238; I 514; in any case, T. ii. 964; all the same, D 588; at all hazards, HF. 943.

ALGATES, _adv._ in every way, 22. 43; D 756; by all means, D 1514; at any rate, in any case, 3. 1171; 4. 234; 6. 85; T. iii. 24; L. 594; B 2760, 2841, G 1096; wholly, F 246; nevertheless, B 2222; B 4. m 3. 16; all the same, B 3. p 10. 162; B 520.

ALIENE, _v._ alienate, B 1. p 6. 43.

AL-IF, even if, T. iii. 398.

ALIGHTE, _v._ alight, E 981; Alighte, _pt. s._ 1. 161; T. v. 189, 1017; A 983; Alight, _pp._ A 722, 2189.

ALKALY, _s._ alkali, G 810.

ALKAMISTRE, _s._ alchemist, G 1204.

ALLAS, _interj._ alas! 1. 124.

ALLE, _dat. s. and pl. of_ Al; _at alle_, in every case, 4. 36; _in alle_, in any case, 3. 141; Alle, _pl._ all, A 922, E 1787; all (of you), T. ii. 402. See AL, ALLER.

ALLEGGE (1), _v._ allege, adduce, A 3000, E 1658; Alegge, T. iii. 297; Alegge, _1 pr. s._ HF. 314.

ALLEGGE (2), _v._ alleviate; Allegged, _pp._ allayed, B 4. p 4. 12.

ALLER, of all, _gen. pl. of_ Al; _our aller_, of us all, A 823; _hir aller_, of them all, A 586. A.S. _ealra_, gen. pl. of _eall_. See ALDER.

ALLIAUNCE, _s._ alliance, 2. 42, 83; A 2973, C 605; kindred, 1. 58; Alliance, marriage, espousal, E 357; All['i]aunc[`e], alliance, B 3523; Alyaunce, B 4. p 6. 221.

ALLONE, _adj._ alone, 4. 141, 5. 455; B 2294, D 1862; _lat me a._, let me alone, i.e. trust to me, T. iii. 413.

ALLOW, _1 p. s. pr._ (I) approve, (I) applaud, F 676.

ALLYE, _s._ ally, G. 292, 297; relative, B 3593.

ALLYEN, _ger._ to ally myself, E 1414; Allye, C 613; Allyen, _v._ C 618; Allyed, _pp._ allied, 2. 65; T. i. 87; provided with friendly aid, B 3720.

ALMENAK, _s._ almanac, A. pr. 67.

ALMES-DEDE, _s._ alms-deed, alms-doing, B 1156.

ALMESSE, _s._ alms, B 168, 2757, D 1609, I 377; Almesses, _s. pl._ almsdoings, I 1030.

ALMEST; see ALMOST.

ALMICANTERAS, _s. pl._ small circles of declination (in the celestial sphere), A. i. 18. 2, 8. Arabic _muqantarah_, a solar quadrant, or sun-dial; pl. _muqantar[=a]t_, circles parallel to the horizon; from _qantara_, he bent.

ALMIGHTY, _adj._ 1. 1.

ALMOST, _adv._ almost, A 155, 894; Almest, B 3. p 2. 52; B 1948.

ALMURY, _s._ the 'denticle' or tooth-like point or pointer situate on the Rete near the 'head' of Capricorn, A. i. 23. 1. Arabic _al-mur'[=i]_, the indicator.

ALOES, _pl._ aloe, _in comp._ ligne-aloes, T. iv. 1137. (_Aloes_ is a pl., not a gen. case here; see _Aloe_ in the New E. Dict.)

A-LOFTE, _adv._ aloft, up, T. i. 922; on high, T. v. 259.

A-LONDE, _adv._ on land, ashore, L. 2166; _him were lever a-londe_, he would rather be on land, L. 2413.

ALONG ON, along of, owing to, T. iii. 783; Along on me, along of me, T. ii. 1001.

ALOON, _adj._ alone, R. 450; _her aloon_, all by herself, L. 2378.

AL-OONLY, _adv._ solely, B 5. p 4. 95; Al-only, B 3. P 6. 35; T. v. 1779.

ALOSE, _v._ commend, T. iv. 1473. O.F. _aloser_, to praise; from _los_, praise.

AL-OUTERLY, _adv._ entirely, absolutely, 3. 1244; L. 626; Al-outrely, T. i. 382, v. 1694; wholly, B 3. p 12. 82; B 4. p 2. 135, p 7. 3; All-utterly, HF. 296. Lit. 'all utterly.'

ALPES, _pl._ bull-finches, R. 658. 'Alpe, a byrde, _Ficedula_'; Prompt. Parv.

ALSO, AL-SO, _adv._ and _conj._ as, R. 212, 1122; T. iii. 1388; HF. 656, 1532; A 730, 3870, B 396, D 1215, H 80; Al-so, _adv._ so, A 3104; HF. 629; Alswa, also (Northern), A 4085; Also many, as many, L. 528; Also muche as, as much as, D 2134; Als, also, besides, 3. 728; HF. 2071; T. ii. 726; B 3973, F 1598; as, B 2850; _frequently used in expressing a wish_, 4. 267, 7. 202.

ALTERCACIOUN, _s._ altercation, dispute, B 4427, E 1473.

ALTEREN, _v._ to alter; Altered, _pt. s._ T. iii. 1778.

ALTHER, _gen. pl._ of all, A 823_n_. _The same as_ Alder, Aller, _gen. pl. of_ Al.

ALTHER-FAIREST, _adj. superl._ fairest of all, R. 625.

ALTHER-FASTEST, _adv. sup._ as fast as possible, HF. 2131.

ALTHERFIRST, _adv._ first of all, at first, HF. 1368.

ALTHER-FIRSTE, _adj._ first of all, 3. 1173.

ALTHOGH, although, A 230; Al-though, A 1089.

ALTITUDE, _s._ the elevation of a celestial object above the horizon, measured along a vertical arc, A. pr. 60; height, A. ii. 41. 9.

ALUM, _s._ alum, G 813.

AL-UTTERLY; see AL-OUTERLY.

ALWEY, _adv._ always, A 185, 341, E 458, 810; ceaselessly, F 422; all the while, I 11; Alway, A 275.

ALYAUNCE; see ALLIAUNCE.

ALYNE, _adv._ in an exact line, A. ii. 38. 17.

A-LYVE, alive, R. 866; 3. 915, 10. 32; A 2698, E 139. For _on lyve_, in life; hence orig. an adv.; but also used as adj.

AM, am, A 1131, E 838; _in phr._ it am I = it is I, B 1109.

AMADRIDES, hamadryads, A 2928.

AMALGAMING, _s._ the formation of an amalgam, G 771. An _amalgam_ is a pasty mixture of mercury with other substances (properly with a metal).

AMASE, _v._ amaze; Amased, _pp._ G 935.

AMAYE, _v._ to dismay; A-mayed, _pp._ dismayed, T. i. 648, iv. 641. O.F. _amaier_ = _esmaier_, to dismay; cf. Ital. _smagare_.

AMBAGES, _pl._ ambiguous words, T. v. 897.

AMBASSIATOURS, _pl._ ambassadors, T. iv. 140 _n_.

AMBEL, _s._ amble; _an ambel_, in an amble, at an ambling pace, B 2075.

AMBES AS, double aces, B 124 (see note). O.F. _ambes_, a pair; Lat. _ambo_, both.

AMBLE, _v._ amble; Amble, _imp. s._ D 838; Ambling, _pres. pt._ E 388.

AMBLERE, _s._ an ambling nag, A 469.

AMELE, _v._ to enamel; Ameled, _pp._ R. 1080. Cf. O.F. _esmail_, enamel.

AMENDE, _v._ amend; Amenden, _v._ make amends, A 3074; Amende, _v._ amend, 3. 551; improve, F 197; to surpass in demeanour, F 97; Amende, _pr. s. subj._ may (He) amend, D 1810; Amended, _pt. s._ improved, R. 1427; did good, 3. 1102; Amended, _pp._ improved, B 4048; remedied, D 1097; surpassed, B 3444.

AMENDEMENT, _s._ amends, A 4185.

AMENDER, _s._ D 1197.

AMENDES, _pl._ amends, T. ii. 342.

AMENUSE, _ger._ to lessen, I 496; _v._ diminish, I 360; Amenuseth, _pr. s._ diminishes, I 359, 481; becomes less, A. i. 21. 47; Amenused, _pt. s._ I 709; Amenused, _pp._ B 1. p 4. 51; B 2. p 4. 31; B 3. p 10. 19.

AMENUSINGE, _s._ diminution, B 3. p 10. 13.

AMERCIMENTS, _s. pl._ fines, exactions, I 752.

AMESURE, _v._ measure; Amesureth, _pr. s._ B 2. p 1. 62.

AMEVE, _v._ move; Ameved, _pt. s._ moved, changed; _nought ameved_, changed not, altered not, E 498; Amoeved, _pp._ perturbed, I 670; moved, B 1. p 5. 2; Amoved, _pp._ perturbed, B 1. p 1. 33.

AMIABLE, _adj._ amiable, pleasant, A 138; kind, B 2168; courteous, I 629; kindly, R. 1226.

A-MIDDE, _adv._ in the midst, R. 147; in the middle, A. i. 4. 4.

AMIDDE, _prep._ amid, in the midst of, F 409. A.S. _on-middan_, in the middle.

AMIDDES, _adv._ in the midst, 5. 277; Amiddes of, in the midst of, HF. 845.

A-MIDDES, _prep._ in the midst of, A. i. 18. 4; in the middle, A 2009.

AMINISTRE, _v._ administer; Aministreth, _pr. s._ B 4. p 6. 62.

AMIS, _adv._ amiss, 3. 1141, 7. 318; F 780, H 278; wrong, L. 1291; wrongly, B 3370, C 642, F 7; _seyde amis_, gave an unwelcome answer, 5. 446.

AMOEVE; see AMEVE.

AMONESTE, _v._ admonish; Amonesteth, _pr. s._ B 5. p 5. 14; I 76; recommends, B 2484.

AMONESTINGE, _s._ admonition, B 5. p 1. 3; I 518.

AMONG, _adv._ as well, T. iii. 1816; all the while, 3. 298.

AMONGES, _adv._ sometimes, variously, B 2. p 1. 77.

AMONGES, _prep._ amongst, A 759, B 3344, G 608.

AMONICIOUN, _s._ pointing out, B 1. p 4. 7.

AMONTE; see AMOUNTE.

AMORETTES, _pl._ love-knots, R. 892.

AMOROUS, _adj._ full of love, 12. 22; R. 83; T. iii. 17; L. 1189; A 2861, 3355, F 1500; Amorouse, _fem._ T. iv. 1431.

AMOROUSLY, _adv._ E 1680.

AMORTISE, _v._ deaden; Amortised, _pp._ deadened, rendered dead, I 233 _n_, 247 _n_.

AMOR VINCIT OMNIA, love conquers all, A 162.

AMORWE, A-MORWE, on the morrow, A 822, 1621, D 593; L. 1757; in the morning, 3. 1103; T. ii. 405; HF. 2106.

AMOUNTE, _v._ amount to, mean; Amounteth, _pr. s._ means, A 2362, B 569, 2258; amounts to, F 108; Amonteth, _pr. s._ A. i. 16. 4.

AMOVE; see AMEVE.

AMPHIBOLOGYES, _pl._ ambiguities, T. iv. 1406.

AMY, _s._ friend, C 318. F. _ami._

AN, a, A 575, &c.; A, 578, &c.; An eighte busshels, a quantity equal to eight bushels, C 771.

AN, _prep._ on, L. 1191; An heigh, on high, E 2326; An hye, HF. 215.

ANCESTRES, _pl._ ancestors, B 3. p 6. 30.

ANCILLE, _s._ handmaiden, 1. 109.

ANCLE, _s._ A 1660.

ANCRE, _s._ anchor, 10. 38; Anker, L. 2501; Ancres, _pl._ B 2. p 4. 40.

AND, and, A 3, &c.

AND, _conj._ if, 6. 112; L. 217, 319, 357, 1790; A 1214, B 3140, E 2433, G 145, 602, 1371; T. i. 125, 695, ii. 289, iv. 1343.

ANES, _adv._ once (Northern), A 4074.

ANEXED; see ANNEXE.

ANGEL, _s._ angel, D 1678, 1682; Angels, _pl._ R. 672. See AUNGEL.

ANGELUS AD VIRGINEM (see note), A 3216.

ANGLE, _s._ angle (a technical term in astrology), B 304 (see note), F 263 (see note); angular distance from the meridian, A. ii. 4. 30; Angles, _pl._ angles, F 230.

ANGLE-HOOK, _s._ fish-hook, 4. 238.

ANGRE, _s._ anger, trouble, F 1553; anguish, R. 320.

ANGUISSH, _s._ anxiety, B 3. p 3. 22; anguish, I 169, 678; Anguish, E 462; Angwish, A 1030.

ANGUISSHE, _v._ to cause pain; Anguissheth, _pr. s._ wounds, pains, B 3. m 7. 1.

ANGUISSOUS, _adj._ anxious, B 2. p 4. 56; tormenting, B 2. m 5. 22; full of anxiety, B 3. p 2. 77, p 7. 17; full of distress, B 2. p 4. 53; distressed, R. 520; sorry, I 304; Anguisshous, distressful, T. iii. 816.

ANHANGE, _ger._ to hang, C 259; Anhanged, _pp._ B 3945, 3949, 4252, 4330, C 275; Anhonged, R. 453; T. ii. 1620.

ANIENTISSE, _v._ annihilate; Anientissed, _pp._ brought to naught, B 2438. Cf. O.F. _nient_, _neant_, nothing.

A-NIGHT, in the night, A 1042, 2007, D 202, E 464; at night, D 1827; L. 1292, 1475.

A-NIGHTES, _adv._ by night, R. 18; A 3214.

ANIMAL, _adj._ A 2749.

ANKER; see ANCRE.

ANLAS, _s._ a short, two-edged knife or dagger, broad at the hilt and tapering to the point, formerly worn at the girdle, A 357 (see note).

ANNEXE, _v._ to annex; Annexed, _pp._ tied, 2. 72; annexed, attached, C 482, D 1147; Anexed, B 4. p 4. 80.

ANNI COLLECTI, collected years, A. ii. 44. 17. When a table contains quantities denoting the change in a planet's place during round periods of years, such as 20, 40, or 60 years, such a change is entered under the heading _Anni Collecti_.

ANNI EXPANSI, expanse years, A. ii. 44. 17. When a table contains quantities denoting the change in a planet's place during only a few years, viz. from 1 to 19 years, such changes are entered separately under the headings 1, 2, 3, &c., years, which are designated the _expanse_ (or separate) years.

ANNIS COLLECTIS ET EXPANSIS, the collected years and expanse years, A. ii. 45. 11. See above.

ANNUELEER, _s._ a priest who received _annuals_ (see the note), a chaplain, G 1012.

ANNUNCIAT, _pp._ pre-announced, i.e. whose birth was foretold, B 3205.

ANOINTE, _v._ anoint; Anoynten, _pr. pl._ R. 1057; Anoint, _pp._ A 199; Anoynted, I 502 _n_.

ANON, _adv._ anon, immediately, at once, A 32, 748, B 34, 326, C 864, 881, &c.; B 3. p 4. 53; Anoon, forthwith, A 965, 971; B 1896, 3299, E 435, F 1011; HF. 339; &c.

ANON-RIGHT, _adv._ immediately, L. 115, 1503; 3. 354, 5. 218; R. 1334; A. ii. 34. 3; A 3847, G 1141; Anoon-right, 3. 450; HF. 132.

ANON-RIGHTES, _adv._ immediately, A 3480.

ANOTHER, another, A 163; &c.

ANOY, _s._ vexation, T. iv. 845; trouble, B 1320; torture, B 3. m 12. 25; sadness, I 678, 680; Anoyes, _pl._ troubles, I 518.

ANOYAUNCE, _s._ annoyance; Anoyaunces, _pl._ I 656.

ANOYE, _v._ annoy, vex, T. iv. 1304; Anoye, _2 pr. s. subj._ grieve, B 2. p 4. 49; Anoyeth, _pr. s._ annoys, vexes, B 2234, 3979; B 1. m 5. 32; gives offence, 5. 518; does harm, F 875; _impers._ it vexes, G 1036; Anoyeth, _pr. pl._ harm, B 2187; _imp. pl._ Anoyeth, injure ye, B 494; Anoyed, _pp._ annoyed, displeased, D 1848; wearied, I 726; peevish, I 1051.

ANOYFUL, _adj._ annoying, tiresome, B 2222.

ANOYINGE, _adj._ injurious, B 1. m 5. 27.

ANOYNTED; see ANOINTE.

ANOYOUS, _adj._ annoying, tedious, B 2433; disagreeable, B 2235; hurtful, B 2. p 5. 60; harmful, B 1. m 2. 3; vexatious, B 1. m 5. 25; Anoyouse, vexatious, I 365.

ANOYOUSLY, _adv._ harmfully, B 3. p 8. 11.

ANSLETS, _for_ Hainselins, I 422 _n_.

ANSWERE, _s._ answer, 3. 1243.

ANSWERE, _v._ answer, D 1077; _a. of_, answer for, be responsible for, L. 2212; Answery, be suitable for, B 4. p 3. 44; Answerde, _pt. s._ answered, B 1170, 1172, E 21, F 1008; Answerden, _pt. pl._ L. 1847.

ANSWERING, _s._ answer, E 512.

ANTARTIK, _adj._ southern, A. ii. 25. 7.

ANTEM, _s._ anthem, B 1850.

ANTIPHONER, _s._ anthem-book, _antiphonarium_, B 1709.

ANTONY, FYR OF SEINT, erysipelas, I 427.

ANVELT, _s._ anvil, 3. 1165.

ANY, any, A 580, &c.

ANY-THING, at all, in any degree, T. i. 848; A. ii. 17. 6, 38. 10.

AORNEMENT, _s._ adornment, I 432. O.F. _aorner_, to adorn.

APAIRE; see APEIREN.

APALLE, _v._ to render pallid; Apalled, _pp._ vapid, I 723; weakened, A 3053; Appalled, pale, F 365; languid, B 1292.

APARAILE, _s._ apparel; Apparayle, R. 575, 1276; Apparaile, attire (F. _atour_), 1. 153; Apparaille, E 1208; Aparayles, _s. pl._ ornaments, B 2. p 4. 46 (Lat. _ornamentis_.)

APARAILE, _v._ apparel; Apparaille, D 343; prepare, L. 2473; Apparaillen, _v._ prepare, B 2532, 3797; Apparailleth, _pr. s._ endues, I 462; Apparaille, _imp. s._ prepare, B 2534; Aparailen, _pt. pl. subj._ set in array, B 1. p 4. 137; Aparailede, _pt. s. refl._ clothed himself, B 3. m 4. 2; Aparayled, _pp._ ornamented, B 1. p 5. 27.

APARAILEMENTS, _s. pl._ adornments, ornaments, B 2. p 5. 114.

APARAILING, _s._; Apparaillinge, preparation, A 2913; Apparailling, B 2537.

APARCEYVE; see APERCEIVE.

A-PART, _adv._ aside, apart, A 3210, B 1446, F 252.

APASEN; see APESE.

APASSE, _v._ pass; Apassed, _pp._ passed away, B 2. p 5. 22.

APAYE, _v._ to satisfy; Apayed, _pp._ satisfied, B 2. p 5. 57, p 7. 56; T. v. 1249; pleased, T. iii. 421; _yvel a._, ill pleased, E 1052; Apayd, _pp._ satisfied, A 1868, F 1548, I 900; _yvel a._, ill pleased, L. 80; 6. 69; 7. 123; D 1282, G 921, 1049, H 358.

APAYRE; see APEIREN.

APAYSE; see APESE.

APE, _s._ ape, HF. 1212; B 1630 (see note), 3100, D 1464, I 651; T. ii. 1042; dupe, A 3389, 4202, G 1313; Apes, _pl._ apes, HF. 1806; B 4282; dupes, T. i. 913; A 706.

APEIREN, _ger._ to injure, impair, A 3147; Apeyren, _v._ I 1079; Apaire, grow worse, HF. 756; Apeyre, _1 pr. pl._ perish, T. ii. 329; Apayred, _pp._ impaired, B 1. p 5. 42; Apeyred, injured, T. i. 38. Variant of E. _impair_.

APERCEIVE, _v._ perceive; Aperceyve, E 600; A. ii. 35. 4; Ap['a]rceyve, T. iv. 656; Aperceyveth, _pr. s._ conceives, B 4. p 6. 57; discerns, I 294; Aperceivede, _1 pt. s._ perceived, B 3. p 12. 58; Aperceived, _pp._ made known, B 1. p 4. 89.

APERCEIVING, _s._; Aperceyvinges, _pl._ perceivings, perceptions, observations, F 286.

APERT, _adj._ manifest, I 649.

APERT, _adv._ openly, F 531; Aperte, HF. 717.

APERTENANT, _adj._ belonging to, such as belongs to, 2. 70; Apertenaunt, B 3505; Apertinent, suitable, E 1010.

APERTENE, _v._ appertain; Aperteneth, _pr. s. impers._ B 2171; Apertenen, _pr. pl._ I 83; Apertienen, B 3. p 4. 25; Apertening, _pres. pt._ belonging, A. pr. 10; G 785.

APERTLY, _adv._ openly, B 1. p 4. 126, B 3. p 10. 90; clearly, I 294.

APESE, APEISE, _v._ appease, pacify; Apese, E 433, H 98; Apasen (= Apaisen), _2 pr. pl._ T. iii. 22 _n_; Apeseth, _imp. pl._ mitigate, 4. 10; Appeseth, _pr. s. refl._ is pacified, B 3051; Apeysen, _2 pr. pl._ T. iii. 22; Apaysede, _pt. s._ appeased, B 4. m 7. 36, 38; Apaysed, _pt. s._ B 2290; Apesed, _pp._ appeased, T. i. 250, 940.

APEYRE; see APEIRE.

APEYSE; see APESE.

APOCALIPS, _s._ apocalypse, I 136.

APOINTE, _v._ appoint; Apoynte, T. v. 1620; settle (herself), T. ii. 691; Apoynted him, _pt. s._ determined, set himself, E 1595; Apoynteden, _pt. pl._ appointed, made appointments, T. iii. 454; Apoynted, _pp._ resolved, E 1616.

APOSE; see APPOSE.

APOSTELLES, _s. pl._ apostles, G 1002; Apostles, _gen. pl._ A 527.

APOTECARIE, _s._ apothecary, B 4138; Apothecaries, preparers of medicines, A 425.

APOYNTE; see APOINTE.

APPALLED; see APALLE.

APPARAILLE, APPARAYL, APPARAILING; see APARAILE, APARAILING.

APPARAUNTE, _adj. pl._ apparent, manifest, R. 5.

APPARENCE, _s._ appearance, F 218; seeming, HF. 265; apparition, F 1602; false show, F 1157; Apparaunce, L. 1372; Apparences, _pl._ apparitions, F 1140.

APPEL, _s._ apple, R. 819; A 4406; Apples, _pl._ R. 1374; 9. 37; B 4. m 7. 24.

APPERE, _v._ appear, 1. 19; Apperen, _v._ B 3064; _ger._ L. 273.

APPESE; see APESE.

APPETYT, _s._ desire, A 1680; appetite, 10. 55; Appetytes, _pl._ B 3390, I 207.

APPETYTE, _v._; Appetyteth, _pr. s._ seeks to have, desires, L. 1582.

APPLYEN, _v._ be attached to, B 5. p 4. 9.

APPOSE, _v._; Apposed, _pt. s._ questioned, G 363 (see the note); Aposed, _pp._ opposed, alleged, B 1. p 5. 34.

APPRENTICE, _s._ D 303.

APPRENTYS, _adj._ unskilled, as novices, R. 687.

APPREVE, _v._ approve; Appreved, _pp._ E 1349; approved as true, L. 21.

APPROPRE, _v._; Appropred, _pp._ appropriated, made the property of, 14. 18.

APPROWOUR, _s._; Approwours, _pl._ approvers, informers, D 1343 (see note).

APREYNTE, _v._; Apreynted, _pp._ imprinted, B 5. m 4. 10 _n_.

APROCHEN, _v._ approach, T. v. 1; B 1. p 1. 31.

APURTENANCE, _s._ appurtenance; Apurtenaunces, _s. pl._ I 793.

APYKE, _v._; Apyked, _pp._ trimmed, adorned, A 365.

AQUEINTE, _v._ acquaint; Aqueynte me, make myself acquainted, 3. 532; Aqueynteden, _pt. pl._ became acquainted, HF. 250; Aqueinted, _pp._ acquainted, B 1219; Aqueynted, R. 600, 1139.