Chapter I: Front Matter

AN
_ESSAY_
TOWARDS A
NATURAL HISTORY
OF
_SERPENTS_:
IN TWO PARTS.

I. The First exhibits a general View of SERPENTS, in their various
Aspects; such as their Kinds, Bulk, Food, Motion, Propagation,
Coverture, Colours. In which is inserted a short Account of Vegetable,
Mineral, and Animal Poison, particularly that of the SERPENT; and its
Cure in various Nations; where also the SERPENT is used as Food and
Physick.

II. The Second gives a View of most SERPENTS that are known in the
several Parts of the World; described by their various Names,
different Countries, and Qualities.

Illustrated with COPPER-PLATES, Engraved by the BEST HANDS.

III. To which is added a Third Part; containing Six DISSERTATIONS upon
the following Articles, as collateral to the Subject.

1. Upon the PRIMEVAL SERPENT in PARADISE.
2. The FIERY SERPENTS that infested the Camp of ISRAEL.
3. The BRAZEN SERPENT erected by MOSES.
4. The DIVINE WORSHIP given to SERPENTS by the NATIONS.
5. The ORIGIN and REASON of that MONSTROUS WORSHIP.
6. Upon the ADORATION of different Kinds of BEASTS by the EGYPTIANS,
with divers Instances of the same Stupidity in other Nations.

The whole intermix’d with Variety of ENTERTAINING DIGRESSIONS,
PHILOSOPHICAL and HISTORICAL.

----------------------------------------------------------------

By CHARLES OWEN_ D. D.

----------------------------------------------------------------

_LONDON:_
Printed for the AUTHOR.
Sold by JOHN GRAY, at the _Cross-Keys_ in the _Poultry_, near
_Cheapside_.
M.DCC.XLII.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_TO_
Sir _Hans Sloane_ Bar^t.

_SIR_,

The Serpent [_Subject_ of the following Sheets,] being one part of your celebrated and expensive Collection of Rarities, naturally leads me to beg the Honour of your Name to grace its Entrance into the publick World.

I can’t enter into the vanity of thinking, that the Book can be any improvement to one who has been so long and laborious an Enquirer after Truth, and penetrated so far into the Empire of Nature: but as in Divinity, a willing Mind; so in Learning, the best Endeavour will be accepted. And tho’ the Book cannot recommend it self to you, your Name may recommend it to others.

Happy are the Times, when Knowledge is the study of those who have superior Abilities for it: Happy therefore is the present Age, that has you, among many other Learned, so eminent an Encourager of it.

Tho’ elevated Minds direct all their concern to what they _should be_, and not to any Applause for what they _really are_; yet, if to delineate their Excellency be offensive to Modesty, the Sincerity with which it is done, will, it is hoped, secure their Pardon.

Now, what is it that makes the great Character, but Knowledge in all its diversity, a Sollicitousness for the Spread of Arts and Sciences, excelling in one’s particular Station of Life, and being divinely forward to all the high Offices of Humanity? This is the Picture of real Worth, and what can forbid to say, that Sir HANS SLOANE is the Life?

That you may long continue the Restorer of Health, the Ornament of the Day, and in triumph over all the deadly Power of the _Old Serpent_, at last possess eternal Health, are the most sincere Wishes of him, who with a just Sense of Obligation, and the greatest Regards, is,

_SIR_,

_Your most humble_,

_and devoted Servant_,

WARRINGTON,
_March 1, 1741-2_.

Cha. Owen.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_TO THE_
_READER_.

_The Divine Wisdom so variously displayed in the Works of Nature, even the lowest Order of them, entertains the human Eye with Prospects exquisitely beautiful and pleasurable: As our Knowledge is defective, we are at a loss how to account perfectly for the particular Ends of their Formation, and Manner of their Subserviency to the Whole of the Eternal Design._

_However, by Observation and Improvements in Natural Philosophy, we are assured thus far; that as the Almighty Creator made nothing in vain, so all his Works are good, and admirably fitted to answer the Purposes of his Will, and that his Wisdom, like his tender Mercies, shines through all the Systems of his Creatures._

_That there is not a wise Purpose in every thing that is made, because we do not understand it, is as absurd as for a Man to say, there is no such thing as Light, because he is blind, and has no Eyes to see it._

_For the Illustration of this, we may take a short View of Creatures, in vulgar account too diminutive and despicable a Species, to deserve a close Attention: And among these, if we consider the Noxious, we shall find, if not an Argument why they should be made, yet we shall be able to discern no Reason why they should not, because their Noxiousness is not so unavoidable, but that we may, and almost every one does avoid it._

_General Histories of these Kinds we have been furnished with in the Writings of the Learned: Here I apply myself to the Discussion of one_ particular Species, _viz._ the Serpent: _in which I don’t pretend to new Discoveries, but only to collect, and bring into one View, what has been said by different Persons, which is not to be found by any without_ many Books, _and_ much Time; _and which, without the present_ English _Dress, would not be understood by others at all_.

_In accounting for some things relative to the Subject, I have always chosen the Words of the Learned in the Physical Profession._ _The Subject being like_ Dust, _the_ Food of the Serpent, very dry, _I have endeavoured to give it some Agreeableness, by a Variety of Passages from History, and Reflections of many kinds; which, though they may not always naturally arise from the Subject, yet being intended for the Reader’s Entertainment and Instruction (as he goes along in the principal Design of the Book) I hope they will find a favourable Judgment_.

_Give me leave, upon this occasion, to adopt Sir_ William Temple’_s Words_, viz. “It is not perhaps amiss, _says he_, to relieve or enliven a busy Scene sometimes with such _Digressions_, whether to the Purpose or no.”[1]

Footnote 1:

_Temple_’s Memoirs from 1672 to 1679. _Second Edit^n. p._ 57, 58, 59.

_I shall only add, that in cultivating this Subject, I have attempted to give a short Display of the Divine Perfections, which, as they appear eminent in the System of the Creation in general, so in the Serpent they may be seen in particular; and if it produces in the Reader a more exquisite Perception of God in all his Works, I have my End; who am_

Your Humble Servant.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Directions for the Binder, where to put the Plates,

Plate I. after p.
54.

Plate II. after p.
70.

Plate III. after p.
78.

Plate IV. after p.
86.

Plate V. after p.
94.

Plate VI. after p.
142.

Plate VII. after p.
152.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pag. ERRATA[TN].

25 Read _Bocca_, instead of _Baca_.

25 Four Lines from bottom, after _honor_,
r. _other_.

34 Line 2. r. _tho’ the Venom may_.

53 After _Dauphiny_, r. _and instead of
or_.

58 Quotation, r. _Natural History of
Lancashire_.

74 L. 14. instead of _Amphisbænick Animals_, r.
_Whether there be two-headed Serpents
or not_.

76 L. 14. from bottom, for _Tython_, r. _Python_.

95 L, 5. r. _made_, for _move_.

109 L. 3. for _could_, r. _would_.

112 L. 1. r. _Quinquennian._

114 L 17. for _emits_, r. _emit_.

115 L. 2. for _if they_, r. _the wounded_.

122 Head r. _Americina_.
LXXXIV.

132 Head r. _Agnasen_.
CXI.

134 —— CXIV. r. _Attaligatus_.

141 Head for _Navigation_, r. _Natation_.
CXXVI.

147 —— r. _Reptiles and Insects_.
CXXXIV.

148 Head for _it_, r. _them_.
IId.

162 Instead of _Dæmon_, r. _Damon_. L. 4.
from bottom, in Quotation, r. _ποιημα_

171 L. 9. r. _their other Faculties were_.

195 r. _Verdegrease_.

196 r. _Nehushtans_.

211 r. _Gades_.

231 Dele 3.

237 L. 14. a Comma should be after _adore_.

_N. B._ In the Story of the Elephant, pag. 86. it is a mistake, to place the Action at _Newcastle_; the Scene of it being in the _East-Indies_, according to a Book called _Hamilton’s Travels_.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

A

LIST of the SUBSCRIBERS.

A.

_Lady_ Abney, B. 4.
_Mr._ Eliz. Abney.
_The Reverend Mr._ Acres, _R. of_ Newbury.
Joseph Adams _Esq._
_Mr._ Cornelius Adams.
_Mr._ James Adams.
John Adams _Esq_; of Whitland.
_Mr._ William Adair, _Merchant_.
_Mr._ Edward Addicot, _Apothecary at_ Exeter.
_Mr._ John Adkin.
_The Rev. Mr._ Aldred, _of_ Morley, Yorkshire.
_The Rev._ John Allen, M. D.
_Mr._ —— Allen, _deceased_.
_Miss_ Alcock, _of_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ William Ambrose.
_The Rev. Mr._ Amory of Taunton.
_Mr._ Robert Anbury, _Surgeon_.
Joseph Andrews _Esq._; F.R.S.
_Mrs._ Andrews.
John Andrews, M. D. _at_ Exeter.
_Rev. Mr._ Mordecai Andrews.
_Rev. Mr._ Antelby.
_Mr._ Joseph Archer.
_Mr._ Jeremiah Armiger.
_Mr._ William Arnold.
_Mrs._ Sarah Ashurst.
Thomas Ashurst _Esq._
_Rev. Mr._ B. A. Atkinson.
Benjamin Avery, LL. D.

B.

_Mr._ Sam. Bagnal, _of_ Chester.
_Mr._ Bakewell.
_Mrs._ Bakewell.
_Mr._ Geo. Baker.
Joshua Baker _Esq._
_Mr._ Edmund Baker.
_Mr._ Dan. Bailey, _of_ Manchester.
_Mr._ Samuel Bailey, _of_ ditto.
_Mr._ Bance, _of_ Newbury.
_Rev. Mr._ Rich. Banon, _of_ Leeds.
_Mr._ James Bankhead, _of_ ditto.
_Rev. Mr._ John Barker.
_Mr._ Edward Barnard.
_Mr._ Francis Barkstead.
John Barron, M. D. _of_ Haverford-West.
_Mr._ John Baring _Jun._ _of_ Exeter.
_Mrs._ El. Barns, _of_ Warrington.
_Mr._ John Barns, _of_ ditto.
_Mr._ William Barns, _of_ ditto.
Roger Barnston _Esq._; _of_ Chester.
_Rev. Mr._ Roger Barnston, _Prebendary of_ Chester.
_Mr._ Joseph Baron, _of_ Bury.
_Mr._ Joseph Barret, B. 2.
_Mr._ N. Basnet.
_Rev. Mr._ Joshua Bayes.
_Mr._ Beech.
_Rev. Mr._ William Benson.
_Mr._ Nathaniel Bentley.
_Mr._ William Bentley.
_Rev. Mr._ John Bent, _of_ Chorley.
Francis Beyer _Esq._
William Bilbie _Esq._; _Alderman of_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ William Bilbie, _of_ ditto.
_Mr._ Jos. Bilbie, _of_ ditto.
_Mr._ Robert Birch, _of_ Manchester.
_Mr._ Geo. Bird, _of_ Warrington.
_Mr._ Elliot Bishop.
_Rev. Mr._ Mal. Blake, _of_ Blandford.
_Mr._ William Blakesly, _of_ Leicester.
_Rev. Mr._ Blackmore, _of_ Coventry.
_Mr._ William Blinkhorn, _of_ Manchester.
_Mr._ Nic. Blowing.
_Mr._ Nic. Blunt.
_Rev. Mr._ Blythe.
_Mr._ James Boddington.
_Mr._ George Boddington.
_Mr._ Samuel Boler.
Benjamin Bond _Esq._
_Miss_ Bond.
_Miss_ Eliz. Bond.
_Mr._ Nathan Booth, _of_ Warrington.
_Mr._ Daniel Booth.
_Mr._ John Bostock, _of_ Liverpool, _Merchant_.
_Rev. Mr._ Bourchier, M. A. _Minister of_ All-Saints, _at_ Hertford.
_Rev. Mr._ Bourn, _of_ Knowesly.
_Mr._ Thomas Bowles.
_Mr._ John Bowles.
_Mr._ Boydal, _of_ Coventry.
_Rev. Mr._ Braddock, _at_ Bury.
_Rev. Mr._ Thomas Bradbury.
Thomas Brereton _Esq._; _Member of Parliament_, B. 2.
George Bridges _Esq._; _Member of Parliament_, B. 2.
_Mrs._ Bridges, B. 2.
_Mr._ William Brinton.
_Mr._ James Bristow.
_Mr._ Jos. Brixy.
_Miss_ Brooke.
_Miss_ M. Brooke.
_Mr._ John Brooks, _of_ Liverpool.
_Mr._ William Brock.
_Mr._ Robert Brodribb.
_Rev. Mr._ Brooksbank, _of_ Elland.
_Mr._ Andrew Bruen, _of_ Chester.
_Rev. Mr._ Buck, _of_ Bolton.
_Mr._ Jonathan Buckerfield.
_Mr._ Thomas Budgen, at Croydon.
_Mr._ Benjamin Bull.
Daniel Burgess _Esq_. B. 2.
_Rev. Mr._ James Burgess, _of_ Bolton le Sands.
Alexander Burden _Esq._; _at_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ Alexander Burden, _of_ Nottingham.
James Burrow _Esq._
_Mrs._ Jane Burrow.
_Mr._ John Burne, _Surgeon_, _at_ Croydon.
_Mr._ John Burton.
_Mr._ Busk, _of_ Leeds.
_Mr._ Thomas Butterworth, _of_ Manchester.
_Mr._ William Butterworth, _of_ ditto.
_Mr._ Edward Butler.

C.

_Mr._ Thomas Cadel, _Bookseller_, _in_ Bristol.
_Rev._ Edmund Calamy, B. D.
_Mr._ Adam Calamy, _Attorney at Law_.
_Rev. Mr._ Jos. Cappe, _of_ Leeds.
_Rev. Mr._ Paul Cardale, _of_ Evesham.
Geo. Carlyle, M. D.
_Mr._ Charles Carleton.
_Mr._ Zech. Carleton.
_Mr._ John Carruthers, _of_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ James Castel.
_Mr._ Catcott, _of_ Bristol.
_Mr._ John Causton.
_Mr._ Peter Chaffont.
_Mrs._ Mary Chandler, _of_ Bath.
_Mr._ Richard Chandler, _of_ Gloucester.
_Mr._ William Chandler, _of_ ditto.
_Rev. Mr._ Samuel Chandler.
_Mr._ Benjamin Champion.
_Mr._ Christopher Cheesborough.
_Mr._ Jacob Chitty. B. 7.
_Mr._ Cholmley.
_Mrs._ Cholmley.
_Revd. Mr._ Choppin, _of_ Dublin, B. 7.
_Mr._ Edward Chorlton.
_Rev. Mr._ Samuel Clarke, _of_ St. Albans.
Matthew Clark, M. D.
_Mr._ Edward Clarke, _of_ Bury.
_Mr._ Richard Clarke, Alderman _of_ Hertford.
Jos. Clay _Esq._
_Mr._ Isaac Clegg, _of_ Manchester.
_Mr._ Samuel Cleuer.
_Mr._ George Clifford, _Merchant_, _in_ Amsterdam.
John Coe _Esq._
_Mr._ William Coe.
Thomas Coe, M. D.
_Rev. Mr._ Thomas Coad, _of_ Bere.
_Mr._ Robert Fowler Coad, _Merchant_ _in_ Lyme.
_Mr._ John Coles.
_Miss_ Collyer, _of_ Tooting.
_Miss_ Hester Collyer, _of_ d^o. B. 2.
_Mr._ Joseph Collyer.
—— Collett, M. D. _at_ Uxbridge.
James Colebrooke _Esq._
James Colebrooke _Junior_ _Esq._
_Mr._ James Collier, _Sollicitor in Chancery_.
_Mrs._ Collibee, _at_ Bath.
Peter Colthurst, M. D. _at_ Knutsford. B. 2.
_Mr._ Benjamin Cooke, _of_ Hallifax.
_Mr._ Richard Cooke, _of_ ditto.
Richard Coope _Esq._
_Mr._ William Cooper, _Apothecary at_ Leicester.
_Mr._ Cooper, _at_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ Thomas Cooper, B. 3.
_Mr._ James Cooper _Jun._
John Copeland _Esq._
_Mr._ Peter Copeland.
_Mr._ Samuel Corner.
_Mr._ John Corner.
_Mr._ Costard _Jun._ _of_ Frodsham.
_Mr._ John Cox.
_Mr._ Cox.
_Mr._ John Cox.
_Mr._ Henry Crane, _of_ Kidderminster.
Peter Creffield _Esq._
_Mrs._ Crisp, _of_ Bloomsbury-Square.
_Mrs._ Eliz. Crisp, _of_ Warrington.
_Mr._ Thomas Crisp.
_Mr._ Nicholas Crisp.
_Mr._ John Anthony Crop, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
_Mr._ Daniel Cropper, _Merchant at_ Liverpool.
_Mr._ James Crosby, _Merchant at_ ditto.
_Mr._ George Crosby.
_Mr._ Cha. Croughton, _of_ Chester.
_Mr._ Jo^n. Cruikshank, _Merchant_.
_Rev. Mr._ Culcheth, _at_ Macclesfield.
_Mr._ Daniel Cuningham, _Attorney at Law_.
_Mr._ James Cuninghame, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
_Mr._ David Curry, _of_ Kirkudbright.

D.

Richard Daniel, M. D.
Samuel Daniel, M. D.
_Mr._ Sam. Darbyshire, _of_ Bolton.
_Mr._ William Darbyshire, _near_ Warrington.
_Mr._ Thomas Darling.
_Rev. Mr._ Ev. Davies, _of_ Haverford-West, B. 8.
_Rev. Mr._ Rees Davies, _of_ Abergavenny.
_Rev. Mr._ Tim. Davies, _of_ Cardiganshire.
John Davison, M. D.
_Rev. Mr._ Abraham Dawson, _of_ Rivington.
_Mr._ Dawson, _of_ Leeds.
_Mr._ Samuel Day.
_Rev. Mr._ Day, _of_ Lancaster.
_Mr._ James Deane.
_Rev. Mr._ Dell, _of_ Canterbury.
_Rev. Mr._ Jos. Denham.
_Mr._ Nathaniel Denison, _Merchant in_ Leeds.
John Derby _Esq._
_Rev. Mr._ Diaper, _of_ Bristol.
Michael le Dicker, M. D. _of_ Exon.
Michael Dickson, M. D. _of_ Taunton.
_Mr._ William Dickson, _of_ Newport-Pagnel.
_Mr._ Richard Dickinson, _of_ Ware.
_Mr._ Rivers Dickinson, B. 3.
_Mr._ Thomas Dimsdale, _Surgeon at_ Hertford.
Robert Dinwoody, M. D. B. 2.
_Mr._ Edward Dixon.
_Rev. Mr._ Dobson, _at_ Cocky-Moor.
_Rev._ Ph. Doddridge, D. D.
_Mr._ John Dodsworth.
_Mrs._ Margaret Dolins.
Daniel Dolins _Esq._
Mr. John Dove.
Mr. John Drinkwater.
_Sir_ William Dukinfield _Bart._
John Duer _Esq._ _of_ Exon.
Mr. John Dunn.
Mr. William Duncomb.
_Rev._ —— Dunster, D. D. _Prebendary of_ Sarum.
Mrs. Sarah Dyson.
Mr. Jeremiah Dyson.
Mr. Ely Dyson.

E.

Mr. John Eames, F. R. S.
_Rev._ Jabez Earle, D. D.
Peter Eaton, _Esq._
_Rev. Dr._ Eaton, _of_ Nottingham.
Mr. William Eaton, _Surgeon at_ Warrington.
Tim. Edwards, _Esq._; _of_ Carnarvanshire.
_Rev._ Mr. William Edwards.
Mr. Stephen Egginton.
Mr. John Ellicot, F. R. S.
_Sir_ Richard Ellis _Bart._ _dec^d._
_Rev._ Mr. John Enty, _of_ Exon, B. 3.
_Rev._ Mr. David Evans, _in_ Cardiganshire, B. 6.
Mr. John Evans, _Salt-Merchant in_ Exon, B. 2.

F.

Mrs. Eliz. Fagg, _of_ Mystole, Kent.
_Rev._ Mr. Faner, _of_ Elland, Yorkshire.
Mr. Jos. Farrer, _near_ Hallifax.
John Farringdon _Esq._
_Rev._ Mr. Hugh Farmer.
Mr. Benjamin Farrow.
_Rev._ Mr. Fawcet, _of_ Taunton.
Mr. Jonathan Fawconer, F.R.S.
Mr. Fellows, _of_ Nottingham.
Mr. Fentham.
_Rev._ Mr. Ferne, _of_ Avington, Hants.
Matthew Fetherstone _Esq._
Mr. William Field.
Mr. James Figgins.
Mr. Nathaniel Firmin.
_Rev._ Mr. E. Fisher.
Mr. James Fleetwood, _of_ Liverpool.
Mr. Robert Fleetwood, _of_ ditto, _Bookseller_.
_Rev._ Mr. Fletcher, _of_ Ware, B. 2.
Mr. Thomas Fletcher, _of_ ditto.
Mrs. Jane Fletcher.
Litchford Flitcroft _Esq._; _of_ Manchester.
Martin Folkes _Esq._; _President of the R. S._
_Rev._ Mr. William Ford.
Mr. Gilbert Ford.
Mr. William Forrest, _of_ Liverpool.
_Rev._ Mr. James Foster.
Mr. Joseph Foster.
Mr. Jacob Foster.
Mr. Simon Foster.
_Rev._ Mr. Jac. Fowler, M. A.
Mr. Foxcroft, _of_ Nottingham.
Mr. Franceway, _of_ ditto.
Mr. William Frone, _of_ Croft.
_Rev._ Mr. Freeland, _of_ Bromsgrove.
Mrs. Delicia Fryer.
Mr. Benjamin Fuller.

G.

Samuel Gale _Esq._
Nathaniel Garland _Esq._
Mr. John Garmston.
_Rev._ Mr. Gardner, _of_ Chester.
Mr. Robert Gaskhill, _of_ Warrington.
Mr. Thomas Gaskhill, _of_ Burtonwood.
Mr. Benjamin Gaskell.
Mr. Jonathan Gee, _of_ Coventry.
Mrs. Grace Gellibrand, _of_ Ashford.
Mr. Thomas Gibbs, _Apothecary_.
Mr. James Gibson.
Mr. William Gifford, _of_ Exon.
_Rev._ Mr. Robert Gilbert, _at_ Okeham.
_Rev._ Mr. William Gillespie.
Richard Gildart _Esq._; _Member of Parliament_.
Mr. William Gillison, _of_ Lancaster.
Mr. John Girle, _Surgeon_.
Mr. James Glover, _of_ Croydon.
Mr. Alexander Glover, _of_ Sutton.
Mr. Edward Godfrey.
_Rev._ Mr. Edward Godwin.
John Goldham _Esq._
Mr. Abraham Goodwin.
Mr. John Goodwin.
Mr. Nicolaus van Goer, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
Mr. John Grace.
Mr. James Green, _of_ Manchester.
Mr. Godfrey Green, _of_ Dublin, _Merchant_.
Mr. Anthony Green, _of_ d^o. d^o.
William Green, _Esq._
Mr. George Green, _Surgeon at_ Croydon.
Mr. Young Green, _at_ Poole.
Mrs. Aldress Green.
Mr. Gregg.
Charles Grey _Esq._
_Rev._ Mr. Jonathan Griffith, _of_ Bettus.
_Rev._ Mr. Joshua Griffith, _of_ Frenchay.
Mr. Evan Griffith, _in_ Pembrokeshire.
Mrs. Rebecca Griffith.
Mr. Samuel Griffiths.
_Rev._ Mr. Grimshaw.
_Rev._ Benjamin Grosvenor, D. D.
John Grundy, _Esq_; _of_ Thornton.
Mr. Nicholas Grundy, _of_ ditto.
Mr. Grundy, _of_ Nottingham.
_Rev._ John Guyse, D. D.
_Rev._ Mr. William Guyse.
Mr. Richard Gynes.

H.

Mr. John Haddock.
Mr. Jos. Hall.
Mr. Francis Hall.
_Rev._ Mr. Thomas Halley.
Mrs. Hallows.
_Rev._ Mr. Jos. Hallet, _of_ Exon.
William Hallet, M. D. _of_ ditto.
_Rev._ Mr. John Halford.
_Rev._ Mr. Corn. Handcock, _of_ Uxbridge.
Mr. Matt. Handcock, _of_ Nottingham.
Mr. John Hardman, _Merchant at_ Liverpool.
Mr. James Hardman, _Merchant at_ Rochdale.
_Rev._ Mr. George Hardy, _at_ Farnham.
Mr. Richard Harper.
Mr. Robert Harris.
Mr. Nathaniel Harris.
Mr. John Harrison.
Mr. Robert Harrison.
Mr. Amos Harrison.
Mr. James Harrop.
_Rev._ Mr. Thomas Harrop, _of_ Nottingham.
_Sir_ John Hartopp, _Bart._
Mr. John Hart, _of_ Warrington.
Mr. George Hart, _Apothecary at_ Chard.
_Rev._ Mr. Samuel Harward.
Mr. Oxenbridge Harward, B. 3.
Samuel Haswel _Esq._
_Rev._ Mr. Farnham Haskul.
Mr. Thomas Hatton.
_Rev._ Mr. Haynes, _of_ Nantwich, B. 2.
Mr. William Hazel.
Mrs. Sarah Henry, _of_ Chester.
_Rev._ Mr. John Henson.
Mr. William Henderson.
Mr. Richard Hett, _Bookseller_, B. 6.
_Rev._ Mr. Heskith, _of_ Eastwood.
Mr. Hewish, _at_ Nottingham.
Mr. John Hewitt, _at_ Knutsford, _Bookseller_.
Mr. Arthur Heywood, _Merchant at_ Liverpool.
_Rev._ Mr. Eli. Heywood.
Mr. Robert Hibbert _Junior_, _of_ Manchester.
—— —— Higgs, M. D. _at_ Birmingham.
Mr. John Higham, _Apothecary_.
Mr. Thomas Hinks, _Merchant at_ Chester.
Mr. William Hocker.
_Rev._ Mr. Hodge, _at_ Gloucester.
Mr. Hodges, _Surgeon_.
Mr. John Hodshon, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
_Rev._ Mr. Holt.
John Holloway, _Esq._; _at_ Farnham.
Mr. Timothy Hollis.
Mr. Philip Hollingworth.
Mr. Edward Holbrook, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. Richard Holland, _at_ ditto.
Mr. John Holland, _at_ Mobberly.
Mr. John Holland, _Merchant in_ Chester.
_Rev._ Mr. Holden, _at_ Rochdale.
Fraser Honywood _Esq._
_Rev._ Mr. Hool, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. John Hood.
Mrs. Mary Hood.
Mr. John Hope.
Mrs. Hopkins, B. 4.
Mrs. Mary Hopkins.
Mrs. Elizabeth Hopkins.
_Rev._ Mr. Hopkins, _at_ Northwich.
Mr. John Horsman.
_Sir_ Henry Houghton, _Bart._
Mr. John Howe.
Mr. Edward Howse, _Apothecary in_ Bath.
Mr. Andrew Howard, B. 6.
Mr. Thomas Huckle.
_Rev._ Obadiah Hughes, D. D. B. 16.
Mrs. Ph. Hughes.
Mr. John Hughes.
_Rev._ Mr. Ob. Hughes, _at_ Clifton.
_Rev._ Mr. William Hunt.
Phineas Huffey _Esq._
_Miss_ Huthwait, _at_ Nottingham.

I.

Mr. Richard Iles, _at_ Hertford.
Mrs. Anne Iles, _at_ ditto.
Mr. Samuel Inglesant, _at_ Nottingham.
Joshua Iremonger _Esq._
Mr. Matthew Iremonger, _at_ St. Albans.
Mr. John Ives, _at_ Ware.

J.

_Rev._ Mr. John Jackson, _Prebend. of_ Wherwel, _&c._ _at_
Leicester.
Henry Jacomb _Esq._ B. 2.
Mr. George James, _in_ Pembrokeshire.
Mr. Thomas Jee.
Mr. John Jee _Junior_.
Bartholom. Jeffery _Esq. of_ Exon.
_Rev._ Mr. Jo^n. Jennings, _at_ St Ives.
Mr. Obadiah Jones.
_Rev._ Mr. Sam Jones, _at_ Pentwyn.
Mr. John Jones, _Merchant_.
_Rev._ Mr. Griff. Jones, _R. of_ Llandowror.
_Rev._ Mr. Griff. Jones, _V. of_ Llandewey-Velfrey.
Mr. Richard Jones, _Surgeon at_ Coventry.
_Rev._ Mr. William Johnston.

K.

—— Kay, M. D. _at_ Manchester.
Mr. Richard Kay, _near_ Bury.
Mr. John Kennedy, _Merchant in_ Exon.
Mr. John Kershaw, _near_ Hallifax.
_Rev._ Mr. George Kilby.
Mr. King, _Apothec. at_ Newbury.
_Rev._ H. Knight, M. A. _at_ Manchester.

L.

James Lamb _Esq._
Mrs. Lamb.
Mrs. Mary Lamb.
Tho. Lane _Esq. Counsel. at Law_.
_Rev._ Mr. William Langford.
Mr. Jos. Langford.
Jos. Langford _Esq. of_ Basford.
_Rev._ Mr. N. Lardner.
Mr. Jac. Larwood _Jun. Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
Mr. Sam. Latham, _Apothecary_.
_Rev._ Mr. Lavington, _of_ Exon, B. 2.
Mr. Wm. Lavington, _of_ ditto.
Andr. Lavington, M. D. _of_ ditto.
_Rev._ Samuel Lawrence, M. D.
Mr. Edward Lawrence.
Mr. Leckonby, _Merc. in_ Chester.
—— Legh, D.D. _V. of_ Halifax.
Thomas Legh _Esq. of_ Booths.
Mr. Jonath. Lees, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. Thomas Lees.
_Rev._ Mr. Leigh, _Archd. of_ Salop.
Mr. James Leigh, _at_ Leeds.
Mr. Daniel Legg.
Mr. Pet. Legrand, _at_ Canterbury.
_Rev._ John Leland, D. D.
Mr. James Lemon, _Jun._
Sam. Lessingham _Esq. Treasurer of_ St. Thomas’s _Hospital_.
Mr. Thomas Lessingham.
Mrs. Lethieullier.
Mrs. Sarah Lethieullier _Jun._
James Lever _Esq._
Mr. John Lewin.
_Rev._ Mr. Lewis, M. A. _of_ Mergate.
_Rev._ Mr. Benjamin Lewis, _at_ Leominster.
Mrs. Lewis.
Mr. John Lingard, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. Ralph Lingham.
Mr. George Lisle.
_Rev._ Mr. William Lister.
Mr. Littlefear, _Apothecary_.
Alexander Littlejohn, M. D.
Mr. Richard Llewhelyn, _in_ Pembrokeshire.
Mrs. Lloyd.
Mr. H. Lloyd.
Mr. Benjamin Lomas.
_Rev_. Mr. Dav. Longueville, M.A.
_Pastor of the_ English _Church in_ Amsterdam.
_Rev._ Mr. Lord, _at_ Knutsford.
_Rev._ Mr. Lowe, _of_ Losco.
Mr. Robert Lowe.
_Rev_. Mr. Moses Lowman.
Roger Lyde _Esq.; of_ Bristol.
Lionel Lyde _Esq.; of_ ditto.
Mr. John Lyde, _of_ ditto.

M.

_Rev._ Mr. Daniel Mace, _of_ Newbury.
Mr. Mackin _Junior, at_ Warrington.
_Rev._ Mr. Makant, _at_ Chorley.
Mrs. Marshal.
Mr. William Marshal, _of_ Treby.
Mr. Thomas Marsden, _of_ Chorley.
Thomas Mather, M. D. _at_ Nottingham.
Mr. Isaac Mather, _Apothecary_.
William Matson _Esq.; at_ Kendale.
Mr. Hugh Matthews.
Mr. Henry Maundy.
Mr. William Maundy, _at_ Sandwich.
_Rev._ Mr. William Maurice, _in_ Pembrokeshire.
_Rev._ Mr. Thomas Maurice, _in_ Cardiganshire.
_Rev._ Mr. William May.
Mr. John Meakin.
Mr. Nathaniel Meakin.
Richard Mead, M.D. _and_ F.R.S. _Physician in Ordinary to his
Majesty_, B. 2.
Benjamin Mee _Esq._ B. 4.
Mr. Rob. Merry, _at_ Liverpool.
Mr. John Merriman, _at_ Newbury.
_Rev._ Mr. H. Miles, _at_ Tooting.
Mr. James Miller.
_Rev._ Mr. Mills, _at_ Maidstone, B. 7.
Mr. Samuel Milnar.
_Rev._ John Milner, D. D.
John Mitchel, M. D.
Mr. Thomas Mitchel.
Mr. David Mitchel.
Mr. John Moore, _Apothecary in_ Bath.
Mr. Thomas Moore, _of_ Knutsford, _Singing-Master_.
Mrs. Morley, _at_ Nottingham.
William Morehead _Esq._
Mr. Robert Morgan, _Surgeon_, B. 7.
Mr. Morgan Morse, _Attorney at Law_.
_Rev._ Mr. Moss.
_Rev._ Mr. William Moth, _at_ Basingstoke.
_Rev._ Mr. Mottershead, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. Thomas Moult, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. James Moulton.
Mr. John Moulson, _in_ Chester.
Mr. William Mount, B. 2.
Mrs. Sarah Mount.
Mrs. Anne Mount.
Mrs. Eliz. Mount.
Mr. Peter Schout Muilman, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
Mr. Nicolaus Muilman, ditto _in_ ditto.
Mr. Dionis Muilman, d^o. _in_ d^o.
Mr. Daniel Roelof Muilman, d^o. _in_ d^o.
Mr. John Murray, _Merchant in_ Chester.

N.

Richard Nangreave, _of the_ Inner Temple, _Esq._
Mr. Iliff Narborough.
_Rev._ Mr. Daniel Neal, M. A. B. 5.
Mr. Nathaniel Neal.
Mr. David Nesbet, _of_ Glasgow, B 7.
—— Nettleton, M. D. _of_ Halifax.
Mrs. Anne Newey.
Mr. William Newham, _at_ Nottingham.
Mr. John Newdigate.
Mr. John Newman.
_Rev._ Mr. Thomas Newman, B. 2.
Mr. Nathaniel Newnham _Jun._
_Miss_ Eliz. Newnham.
Mr. John Newton.
Mr. Thomas Nicholas.
Mr. John Nicholson, _Merchant at_ Liverpool.
—— Nicholson, M. D.
Mr. John Nicholson.
Mr. Benj. Noble.
Mr. Samuel Noble, _Attorney at_ Taunton.
_Rev._ Mr. Norris, _at_ Newbury.
Mr. William Norris.
Mr. Francis Norris.
Mr. John North, _at_ Ware.

O.

_The Right Rev._ Thomas _Lord Bishop of_ Oxford.
_The Right Hon._ Arthur Onslow _Esq.;_ _Speaker of the House of
Commons_.
Mr. Samuel Ogden, _Merchant at_ Liverpool.
Mr. John Oldham.
Denzil Onslow _Esq.;_ _Member of Parliament_.
Mr. Orchard.
_Rev._ Mr. Job Orton, _of_ Salop.
Mrs. Osborne.
Mr. Thomas Osgood.
_Rev._ Mr. Osland, _of_ Bewdley.
Mr. Josiah Owen, _of_ Widdens.
_Rev._ Mr. Josiah Owen, at Rochdale.

P.

Mr. Thomas Page, B. 2.
Mr. William Paget.
Nathaniel Paice _Esq._ B. 2.
_Rev._ Mr. Geo. Palmer, _at_ Swanzey, B. 7.
_Rev._ Mr. H. Palmer, _in_ Pembrokeshire.
Mr. Thomas Pangbourne.
Mr. Bartholomew Par, _Surgeon in_ Exon.
John Par, M. D. _at_ Knutsford.
Mr. Edw. Clark Parish.
Mrs. Anne Parker, _at_ Bath.
_Rev._ Mr. John Partington, M. A.
Mr. Thomas Parsons, _in_ Bristol.
Mr. John Patch, _Surgeon in_ Exon.
Mr. Paul, _Surgeon_.
Mr. Nathaniel Peacock, _of_ High-Legh.
_Rev._ Thomas Pearce, M. D.
Mr. John Pearless.
Mr. Thomas Peck _Junior_.
_Rev._ Mr. John Peirce, _at_ Mere.
Mr. Jos. Peirce.
Mr. James Peirce, _at_ Newbury.
Mrs. Aldress Pennel.
Mr. H. Pennel, _at_ Knutsford.
Mr. Thomas Penny, _at_ Bathwick.
_Rev._ Mr. John Penny, _V. of_ Ashton.
Thomas Percival, M. D.
Mr. James Percival, _Merchant in_ Liverpool.
Mr. Henry Perkins, _Merchant in_ Chester.
Mr. Nicholas Peters, _Surgeon at_ Topsham.
Mr. Pettit.
Mr. John Phillimore.
Mrs. Phillimore.
_Rev._ Mr. Lewis Philips, _in_ Carmarthenshire.
_Rev._ Mr. John Philips, _at_ Kingsley.
Mr. Robert Philpot, _in_ Chester.
Mr. John Philpot, _in_ ditto.
Mr. Robert Phipps.
John Pickering _Esq.; of_ Cheshire.
Mr. James Pilkington.
_Rev._ Mr. Pilkington, _at_ Preston.
_Rev._ Mr. Pilkington.
Mr. Edward Pitts.
_Rev._ Mr. Michael Pope.
Mr. Miles Poole, _of_ Kingston.
Mr. William Poulson.
Mr. Thomas Pougfher.
William Powel _Esq.; of_ Clapham.
Mr. William Powell.
Mr. Benjamin Powell.
Mr. John Poyner, _at_ Islington.
Mr. William Price.
_Rev._ Mr. Samuel Price.
Mr. Jonathan Priestly, _near_ Halifax.
Mr. Stephen Prutheroe, _of_ Haverford-West.
Mr. Smoult Pye.

R.

_The Right Hon. the Countess of_ Rothes.
Mr. Daniel Radford.
Mrs. Radford.
_Miss_ Mary Radford.
_Rev._ Mr. Ogle Radford.
Matthew Raper _Esq.;_
Moses Raper _Esq.;_
Mr. Moses Raper.
Mr. Peter Rasbotham, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. John Ratcliffe.
Mrs. Rawlins.
Mr. William Rawson.
Mrs. Rawstorn, _in_ Canterbury.
Mrs. Raymond.
_Rev._ Mr. Kirby Rayner, _in_ Bristol.
Mr. Jos. Rayner, _at_ Leeds.
_Rev._ Mr. H. Read.
Mr. Simon Reader.
_Rev_. Thomas Rennell, D. D. _Rector of_ Drewsteington, Devonshire.
Mr. John Reynolds.
_Master_ Richard Reynolds, _at_ Hertford.
Mr. Rhodes, _at_ Nottingham.
Mr. George Rhodes, _Surgeon at_ Modbury.
Richard Riccards _Esq._
_Rev._ Mr. Richards, _in_ Bristol.
Mr. Travers Richards.
Mr. John Richards.
Mr. Richard Richardson, _at_ Liverpool.
Mr. John Rigby, _at_ Manchester.
Mr. John Roberts.
Mr. Richard Roberts.
Mr. William Robinson.
Mr. Samuel Robinson.
Mr. James Roffee.
Mr. Thomas Rogers.
_Rev._ Mr. Ca. Rotheram, _at_ Kendal.
Mr. Geo. Ruck.
_Rev._ Mr. Rudsdale, _at_ Gainsborough.

S.

Mr. Sampson Salt, _at_ Macclesfield.
_Rev._ Mr. Edward Sandercock.
Mr. Edward Sanderson.
Mr. Nathaniel Sanderson.
_Rev._ Mr. J. Sandford, _at_ Pontefract.
Servington Savery _Esq.; of_ Exon, B. 3.
Mr. John Savidge.
_Rev._ Mr. Samuel Say.
Mr. Edward Score, _Bookseller in_ Exon.
Mr. Daniel Scot, _Apothecary_.
Mr. Robert Seagrave, _at_ Nottingham.
_Rev._ Mr. Arthur Shallett.
Mrs. Sharp, _of_ Treby.
Mr. Peter Sharp.
Mr. Edward Shepheard, B. 4.
Thomas Shepherd _Esq. of_ Kendal.
Mr. John Sherbrook, _of_ Nottingham.
Mr. John Sherbrook.
Mr. Nathaniel Sheffield, _Attorney at Law_.
Mr. Ellis Shipley, _Attorney at_ Leicester.
_Rev._ Mr. Sidebottom.
_Rev._ Mr. Jos. Simmons.
_Mr._ Nathaniel Simpson.
_Miss_ Simpson.
_Rev. Mr._ Patr. Simpson, _at_ Coventry.
_Mr._ William Slinger.
_Rev. Mr._ James Sloss, _at_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ Thomas Smallwood.
_Mrs._ Eliz. Smith.
_Mrs._ Sarah Smith.
_Mrs._ Margaret Smith, _at_ Manchester.
William Snell _Esq._
_Mrs._ Staples.
_Mr._ Staples.
_Rev. Mr._ Jos. Standen.
_Rev. Mr._ Stanley.
_Mr._ Frederick Stanton.
_Mr._ Jos. Stell, _at_ Keighley.
_Mrs._ Stephens _of_ Epsom.
_Rev._ Bennet Stephenson, D. D. _of_ Bath, B. 2.
_Mr._ John Steward.
_Mr._ Samuel Steyart.
_Miss_ Mary Stile.
_Mr._ John Stockport, _at_ Manchester.
_Rev. Mr._ Stoddon, _at_ Taunton.
_Mr._ Stone, _at_ Treby.
_Mr._ Jos. Stubbings, _at_ Brockstow.
_Rev._ William Stukely, M.D. _and_ F. R. S.
_Mr._ Gerrard Suffield.
John Sutton, M. D. _of_ Leicester.
_Mr._ John Swain, _at_ Walsal.
_Mr._ Robie Swan, _at_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ James Smith, _Banker in_ Dublin.
_Rev. Mr._ Swinton, _at_ Knutsford.

T.

_Mr._ Henry Tatham.
_Mr._ William Tatnall.
_Mrs._ Anne Tatnall.
_Mr._ Samuel Taylor, _at_ Manchester.
_Mr._ Richard Taylor, _at_ ditto.
_Mr._ Sam. Taylor, _at_ Rochdale.
_Mr._ William Tayler, B. 3.
_Mr._ John Taylor, _at_ Manchester.
_Mrs._ Mary Temple.
Sir John Thompson _Knt. and Alderman of_ London.
William Thomas _Esq.;_
_Rev. Mr._ Samuel Thomas, _at_ Carmarthen, B. 6.
_Rev. Mr._ Thomas.
_Rev. Mr._ Thomas Thorburn, _at_ Keighley.
_Mr._ William Thornhill, _Sen._
_Mr._ Thomas Tipping, _at_ Manchester.
_Mr._ John Tomlins.
_Rev. Mr._ Isaac Toms.
_Mr._ John Toms.
_Rev. Mr._ Matt. Toogood.
_Mr._ Richard Tottie, _at_ Leeds.
_Mr._ Cha. Totterdel, _Surgeon_.
_Mr._ Thomas Touchet, _at_ Manchester.
_Mr._ John Touchet, _at_ ditto.
_Mr._ Peter Touchet.
_Mrs._ Jane Trimnell.
_Mr._ Eben. Tristram, _at_ Chester.
_Mr._ Jonathan Tucker, _Merchant in_ Exon.
_Mrs._ Turner, _in_ Canterbury.
_Mr._ Thomas Turner, _at_ Warrington.
_Mr._ John Twells.
Thomas Tylston, M. D. _in_ Chester.

U.

_Mr._ Jonathan Underwood.

V.

_Rev. Mr._ Thomas Valentine, _at_ Epsom.
_Mr._ Vawdry.
_Rev. Mr._ Venables, _at_ Oswestry.
_Mr._ William Venables, _in_ Chester.
_Mr._ Mason Victor.
_Mr._ Jos. Vipen, _at_ Sutton-Golt.
_Mr._ Henry Visser, _Merchant in_ Amsterdam.
_Mrs._ Catharina Visser, _in_ ditto.
_Mr._ Abraham de Vrijer, _Merchant in_ ditto.

W.

John Wade _Esq.; of_ Gloucester.
_Mr._ Abel Wainwright, _at_ Nottingham.
_Rev. Mr._ Wainman, _at_ Pudsey.
_Mr._ William Wakeford, _at_ Odiham.
_Mr._ Daniel Walker, _at_ Manchester.
_Rev. Mr._ John Walker, M. A.
Anthony Walburge _Esq.;_
_Rev. Mr._ John Walrond, _in_ Exon.
Henry Walrond _Esq.; in_ ditto.
_Mr._ Samuel Waring, _at_ Bury.
_Rev. Mr._ Ward, _V. of_ Presbury.
_Mr._ Edmund Warkman.
_Mr._ John Warner.
_Rev. Mr._ Warren, _at_ Coventry.
_Mr._ Robert Wastfield.
_Rev._ Isaac Watts, D. D. B. 2.
Richard Watts, M. D.
_Mr._ Joel Watson, _Merchant_.
_Mr._ Michael Watson.
_Mr._ Thomas Watson _Jun._
_Mr._ Weaver.
_Mr._ Jos. Weaver.
George Wegg _Esq.;_
_Mr._ B. Wellington, _Surgeon at_ Hertford.
Simon Welman _Esq.;_
_Mr._ John Wells, _Attorney at Law_.
_Rev. Mr._ Welsh, _at_ Rossendale.
_Mr._ Thomas West.
_Mr._ John Weston.
_Mr._ John Wheelwright.
_Mr._ White.
John Whitby _Esq.;_ _of_ Staffordshire.
_Rev. Mr._ Whitlock, _at_ Radford.
_Mr._ Thomas Whitaker, _at_ Leeds.
John Whitty _Junior_, M. D. _at_ Lyme B. 2.
_Mr._ Obadiah Wickes.
_Rev. Mr._ Willets, _at_ Newcastle-under-Lyme.
_Mr._ John Wilkinson.
_Mr._ Tho. Wilkinson, _at_ Arnold.
Francis Wilkes _Esq._
John Wilkes _Esq._ _at_ Croydon.
_Mr._ Jos. Williams, _at_ Kidderminster. B. 2.
_Mr._ Thomas Williams, _at_ Haverford-West.
_Mr._ John Williams, _at_ ditto.
Clerke Wilshawe, M. D.
_Mr._ William Wilson.
_Mr._ Samuel Wilson.
_Mr._ Wimpey, Bookseller _at_ Newbury.
Henry Winder, D. D. _at_ Liverpool.
_Mr._ John Withers, _in_ Exon.
_Mr._ Peter Woodcock, _Merchant at_ Warrington.
_Mr._ William Woodcock, _of_ d^o.
_Mr._ John Woodcock.
_Rev. Mr._ James Wood, Lancashire, B. 7.
_Mr._ John Wood.
_Mr._ Nathaniel Wood, _at_ St. Albans.
William Woodhouse, M. D. _at_ Leicester.
John Godden Woolfe _Esq.;_
Wight Woolley _Esq.;_
Houlton Woolley _Esq.;_
_Mr._ Tho. Woolrich, _at_ Leeds.
_Mr._ John Worsley, _at_ Hertford, B.3.
_Rev. Mr._ Hugh Worthington, _in_ Cheshire.
_Rev. Mr._ Hugh Worthington, M. A. _at_ Leicester.
_Rev. Mr._ Samuel Wreyford.
_Rev._ Samuel Wright, D.D. B. 2.
Henry Wright _Esq.; of_ Mobberly.
_Mr._ Samuel Wright.
_Rev. Mr._ Witter, _at_ Hull. B. 20.
_Mr._ Tim. Wylde, _Merchant_.
_Rev. Mr._ Wylde, _at_ Nottingham.
_Mr._ Isaac Wylde, _at_ ditto.

Y.

_Mr._ William Yarnold.
_Rev. Mr._ Rob. Yates, _at_ Darwen.
Jos. Yates _Esq.;_ _of_ Manchester.
_Rev. Mr._ Geo. Lewis Young.
──────────
_Mr._ Edmund Atkinson.
_Mrs._ Fletcher _Junior_.
_Mr._ William Foster.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

A

NATURAL HISTORY

_OF_

_SERPENTS_

----------------------------------------------------------------