Chapter I: Front Matter

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

* Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_, and small caps
are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS.

* Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected.

* Original spelling was kept, but variant spellings were made
consistent when a predominant usage was found.

* To aid referencing places and names in present-day maps and
documents, outdated and current spellings of some proper names
follow:

Abispal (Conde), now Abisbal and La Bisbal,
Agaera (river), now Agüera (río),
Aguilar del Campo, now Aguilar de Campoo,
Albayda,
Albeyda, now Albaida,
Albaracin, now Albarracín,
Albuquerque, now Alburquerque,
Alcanizas, now Alcañices,
Alemtejo, now Alentejo,
Almanza, now Almansa,
Arroyo dos Molinos, now Arroyomolinos,
Aspeytia, now Azpeitia,
Babila Fuente, now Babilafuente,
Ballasteros, now Ballesteros,
Balmaseda, now Valmaseda,
Bastan, now Batzán,
Beassayn, now Beasáin,
Becceril, now Becerril,
Belayos, now Velayos,
Bergara, now Vergara,
Berostigueta, now Berrosteguieta,
Bivar, now Vivar,
Bussaco, now Buçaco,
Caçeres, now Cáceres,
Calvarisa de Abaxo, now Calvarrasa de Abajo,
Calvarisa de Ariba, now Calvarrasa de Arriba,
Castroxeriz, now Castrojeriz,
Consentaina, now Concentaina,
Cordova, now Córdoba,
Corunna, now La Coruña,
Donna Maria,
Doña Maria, now Donamaría,
Douro, now Duero (in Spain),
Douro (in Portugal),
El Orrio, now Elorrio,
Ernani, now Hernani,
Escurial, now El Escorial,
Espadacinda, now Freixo de Espada à Cinta,
Estremadura, now Extremadura (in Spain),
Estremadura (in Portugal),
Exea, now Ejea de los Caballeros,
Exeme, now Ejeme,
Freneda, now Freineda,
Fuente Dueñas,
Fuentedueñas, now Fuentidueña de Tajo,
Garcia Hernandez, now Garcihernández,
Guadalaviar (river), now Turia (río),
Guarena, now Guareña,
La Baneza, now La Bañeza,
La Mota, now Mota del Marqués,
Majorca, now Mallorca,
Moxente, now Moixent,
Pampeluna, now Pamplona,
Passages, now Pasajes,
Penauseude, now Peñausende,
Puycerda, now Puigcerdá,
Requeña, now Requena,
Saguntum, now Sagunto,
Sanguesa, now Sangüesa,
Santa Enferina, now Santa Eufemia del Barco,
Saragossa, now Zaragoza,
Senabria, now Sanabria,
Tagus (river), now Tajo (Spanish),
Tejo (Portuguese),
Torre dem Barra, now Torredembarra,
Valtanas, now Baltanás,
Villa al Campo, now Villalcampo,
Villa Real, now Vila Real,
Villaba, now Villava,
Villadrigo, now Villodrigo,
Villavanez, now Villabáñez,
Vittoria, now Vitoria,
Xucar (river), now Júcar (río),
Yrurzun, now Irurzun,
Zagaramurdi, now Zugarramurdi,
Zamorra, now Zamarra.

* Footnotes have been renumbered into a single series and placed at
the end of the volume.

_from the portrait by G. Dawe, R.A._]

A HISTORY OF THE
PENINSULAR WAR

BY
CHARLES OMAN, K.B.E.

M.A. OXON., HON. LL.D. EDIN.

FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
CHICHELE PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY
AND FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE, OXFORD

VOL. VI

SEPTEMBER 1, 1812-AUGUST 5, 1813

THE SIEGE OF BURGOS
THE RETREAT FROM BURGOS
THE CAMPAIGN OF VITTORIA
THE BATTLES OF THE PYRENEES

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1922

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

London Edinburgh Glasgow Copenhagen
New York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town
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HUMPHREY MILFORD
Publisher to the University

Printed in England