Chapter I: Front Matter

ROMANTIC HISTORY
_General Editor_: MARTIN HUME, M.A.

TWO ENGLISH QUEENS
AND PHILIP

_From a contemporary engraving by Essarts._]

TWO ENGLISH QUEENS
AND PHILIP

BY
MARTIN HUME, M.A.
(PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE)
EDITOR OF THE CALENDARS OF SPANISH STATE PAPERS PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE

WITH A FRONTISPIECE IN PHOTOGRAVURE AND
TWELVE OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS

_Con todo el mundo guerra_
_Y paz con Inglaterra_

METHUEN & CO.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON

_First Published in 1908_

CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY (1552-1553) 1

The Emperor and England—Death of Edward VI.—Mary and
Renard—To capture England by marriage—Philip II. accepts the
sacrifice—Spanish efforts to moderate the religious reaction in
England

CHAPTER II

1553-1554 32

The Coronation of Mary—Noailles _versus_ Renard—Mary
accepts Philip—The marriage treaty—Alarm in London—Egmont’s
missions—Wyatt’s rebellion—Attitude of Elizabeth—The coming
of Philip—His voyage and arrival—His popular manners in
England—Arrival at Winchester

CHAPTER III

1554-1555 75

Philip’s first meeting with Mary—The marriage—Discontent and
disappointment of the Spaniards—Philip’s kindness to his
wife—Spanish descriptions of England—Philip in London—Arrival of
Pole—Philip’s religious policy in England—His attempts to marry
Elizabeth to Savoy—The Emperor’s war with France—Departure of
Philip from England

CHAPTER IV

1555-1558 128

Religious persecution in England—Philip’s attempts to restrain
it—His efforts to keep control of English policy—Elizabeth comes
to Court—Return of Philip to England—French intrigues—The
English drawn into the war—St. Quentin—Loss of Calais—Penury of
the English treasury—Illness and death of Mary—Feria’s approaches
to Elizabeth

CHAPTER V

1558-1565 181

Accession of Elizabeth—The beginning of the long duel—Feria
urges Philip to use force—Philip’s many difficulties—He offers
his hand to Elizabeth—The Peace of Cateau Cambresis—The
Franco-Spanish Alliance—Fears of a Catholic League—Philip marries
a French Princess—English Catholics appeal to Philip—Mary
Stuart claims the Crown of England—War with Scotland—Philip’s
efforts to effect a reconciliation—Bishop Quadra—His relations
with Leicester—Intrigue for a Catholic reaction in England—Mary
Stuart approaches Philip—Disgrace and death of Quadra—A war
of tariffs—Guzman de Silva, ambassador—The interviews of
Bayonne—Failure of the Catholic League

CHAPTER VI

1565-1569 234

Mary Stuart marries Darnley—Their intrigues with Philip through
Guzman—Plan to promote revolution in England in favour of
Mary—Expulsion of the English ambassador from Spain—Recall of
Guzman—Don Gerau de Spes ambassador—His character—Commences
conspiring at once—His turbulent behaviour—Seizure of Philip’s
treasure in England—Indignation of de Spes—His imprudent and
disastrous action—Alba stops trade—Strained relations—Proposed
declaration of war against England—The views of Philip and
Alba—The Norfolk plot—The Northern rebellion

CHAPTER VII

1570-1578 296

Desperation of Alba—Fresh Catholic conspiracies—De Spes’s
complicity—Alba and the Ridolfi plot—Discovery—The revenge
of John Hawkins—De Spes outwitted—His expulsion from
England—Guaras appointed Spanish Agent—Reopening of trade—Guaras’
intrigues with Mary Stuart and Don Juan of Austria—The plot
discovered—Imprisonment of Guaras—Fall of Don Juan—Bernardino de
Mendoza appointed ambassador in England

CHAPTER VIII

1578-1584 354

Mendoza and Elizabeth—His haughty behaviour—The French in
Flanders—Elizabeth’s approaches to Philip—The Spanish designs
on Portugal—Renewed plots of Mary Stuart—Appeals to Philip to
aid her in England—Philip’s attitude towards Guise—Co-operation
with him in Britain—The Jesuit mission—Mendoza and the Catholic
plot in Scotland—Elizabeth aids the Portuguese Pretender—Anger
of Mendoza—His altercation with Elizabeth—Progress of the
plots—Collapse of Lennox—The interference of Guise in the
plans—The jealousy between English Catholic exiles and the
Scots—Development of the Anglo-Spanish plans and intended
exclusion of Guise—Arrest of Francis Throckmorton—Discovery of
the plot—Expulsion of Mendoza—Philip faces the inevitable and
slowly prepares for a war of invasion