Chapter XXVI: Appendix: F

_A List of the Birds collected by the Author on the island of Buru._

_Pandion leucocephalus_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. i., pl. 6.

_Baza Rheinwardtii_, Schleg. and Müll., P.Z.S.,[60] 1860, p. 342.

_Tinnunculus moluccensis_, Hornb. and Jacq., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 343.

_Ephialtes leucoapila_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 344.

_Caprimulgus macrourus_, Horsf., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 22.

_Hirundo javanica_, Sath., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 345.

_Cypselus mystaceus_, Sess., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 22.

_Eurystomus pacificus_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 25.

_Todiramphus collaris_, Bon., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 23.

_Todiramphus sanctus_, Bon., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 23.

_Alcyone pusilla_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. ii., pl. 26.

_Nectarinia zenobia_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 32.

_Nectarinia proserpina_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 32.

_Dicæum erythothorax_, Sess., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 32.

_Tropidorynchus bouruensis_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 31.

_Acrocephalus australis_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. iii., pl. 37.

_Sylvia flavescens_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 349.

_Cysticola rustica_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 25.

_Cysticola ruficeps_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. iii., pl. 45.

_Motacilla flavescens_, Shaw, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 350.

_Criniger mysticalis_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 28.

_Mimeta bouruensis_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 26.

_Rhipidura tricolor_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 351.

_Rhipidura bouruensis_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 29.

_Rhipidura_, sp.

_Monarcha loricata_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 29.

_Musicapa_, sp.

_Camphega marginata_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 31.

_Artaurus leucogaster_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 354.

_Dicrurus amboinensis_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 354.

_Calornis obscura_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 355.

_Calornis metallica_, Bon., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 355.

_Munia molucca_, Blyth, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 355.

_Platycercus dorsalis_, Quoy and Gaim, (_P. hypophonius_, Gray)
P.Z.S., 1860, p. 356.

_Eos rubra_, Wagl., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 356.

_Trichoglossus cyanogrammus_, Wagl., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 357.

_Eclectus puniceus_, Gm., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 357.

_Eclectus polychlorus_, Scop., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 358.

_Tanygnathus affinis_, Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 20.

_Geoffroius personatus_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 358.

_Eudynornis ramsomi_, Bon., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 359.

_Centropus medius_, Müll., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 23.

_Cuculus caroides_, Müll., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 359.

_Cuculus assimilis_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1858, p. 184.

_Cacaomantis sepulchris_, Bon., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 359.

_Ptilonopus superbus_, Steph., P.Z.S., 1858, p. 184.

_Ptilonopus prassinorrhous_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1858, p. 185.

_Ptilonopus viridis_, Gm., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 34.

_Treron aromatica_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 33.

_Carpophaga perspicillata_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 360.

_Carpophaga melanura_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 361.

_Macropygia amboinensis_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 361.

_Macropygia_, sp.

_Chalcophaps moluccensis_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 361.

_Megapodius Forsteri_, Temm., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 362.

_Megapodius Wallacii_, Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 362.

_Glareola grallaria_, Temm., P.Z.S., 1863, p. 35.

_Ardetta flavicollis_, Sath., Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 65.

_Ardea novæ-hollandiæ_, Sath., Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 53.

_Herodias immaculata_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 58.

_Butorides javanica_, Blyth, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 35.

_Limosa uropygialis_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 29.

_Sphoeniculus magnus_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 33.

_Sphoeniculus subarquatus_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 32.

_Sphoeniculus albescens_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 31.

_Actitis empusa_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 31.

_Totanus griseopygius_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 38.

_Numenius uropygialis_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 43.

_Gallinula mystacina_, Temm.

_Rallus pectoralis_, Cuv., Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vi., pl. 76.

_Rallus_, sp.

_Dendrocygna guttulata_. Gray, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 36.

_Sterna velox_, Rüpp., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 366.

_Sula fusca_, Gould, B. of Aust., vol. vii., pl. 78.

NOTE.—For lists of birds collected on the Banda Isles, Ternate, and Celebes, see ‘Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.’ For a list of the shells collected in the Moluccas and other scientific papers, see ‘Memoirs and Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ and the ‘American Journal of Science for 1868,’ _et seq._

FOOTNOTES

[1] Valentyn, “History of the Moluccas.”

[2] The population of the Residency of Samarang, which includes the city, is 1,020,275. Of these 5,162 are Europeans, 1,001,252 are natives, 11,441 are Chinese, 438 are Arabs, and 1,982 are from other Eastern nations. In these figures the military are not included.

[3] The population of the Residency of Surabaya, which also includes that of the city of the same name, is 1,278,600. Of these, 5,124 are Europeans, 1,261,271 are natives, 7,603 are Chinese, 1,477 are Arabs, and 3,125 are from other Eastern nations.

[4] Crawfurd’s Dict. Ind. Arch.

[5] Crawfurd’s Dict. Ind. Arch., “Hindustan.”

[6] For the history of the culture-system and government in the Netherlands India, consult Money’s “Java.”

[7] During 1865 the government sold 250,000 piculs (16,666 tons) of sugar, but the total exported from Java was two million piculs.

[8] Our word sugar comes from the Arabic _sakar_, and that from the Sanscrit _sarkara_, thus indicating in its name how it first came to be known to Europeans.

[9] Mr. Crawfurd states that it is a similar product made from the sap of the Palmyra palm (_Borassus flabelliformis_), and not the sugar of the cane, that forms the saccharine consumption of tropical Asia, i. e., among the Cochin-Chinese, the Siamese, the Burmese, and the inhabitants of Southern India, including the Telinga nation who introduced Hinduism and Sanscrit names among these people, and probably were the first to teach them how to obtain sugar from the sap of palm-trees.

[10] The prices obtained for it are established as follows: On Madura and the north coast of Java, 6.92 guilders; on the south coast, 5.92 gl.; at Bencoolen, Padang, and Priaman, on the west coast of Sumatra, 6.66¾ gl.; Ayar Bangis and Natal, 6 gl.; Palembang, 5.10 gl.; Banca, 6.72 gl.; Bandyermassin, 6.66 gl.; Sambas and Pontianak, 5.10 gl.

[11] Of this number 27,105 are Europeans; 13,704,535 are natives; 156,192 are Chinese; 6,764 are Arabs; and 22,772 are from other Eastern nations. See Appendix B.

[12] For a list of the number of ships that arrived during 1864, their tonnage, and the countries from which they came, see Appendix E.

[13] Albinos are occasionally found among these animals. For a long time previous to 1840 there was a famous “white deer” on the coast at Antju, in the vicinity of Batavia. Many attempts were made to shoot it, and these invariably proved so unsuccessful, that the natives, finding they had an opportunity to give way to their insatiable love for the marvellous, were all fully convinced that this animal was invulnerable. It was, however, shot at last, and proved to be of a gray, rather than a pure white. In 1845 a young one of a pure white color was caught at Macassar.

[14] Jão de Barros, who wrote a classical history of the regions discovered and conquered by the Portuguese in the East, was born in 1496, and died in 1570. He never visited the Indies, but carefully and faithfully compiled his descriptions from the official records, which were all intrusted to his care, in 1532. The first decade of his work was published in 1552, the second in 1553, the third in 1563, and the fourth after his death. He was, therefore, a contemporary of most of the early navigators whose history he narrates.

[15] Diogo de Cauto, who wrote the “Asia Portuguesa,” was born in Lisbon in 1542, and died at Goa, the Portuguese capital of India, in 1616, at the age of seventy-four. It is believed that he went to India at the age of fourteen, and, after having lived there in the army ten years, returned to Portugal, but soon after went back, and continued there till his death. It is probable that he never visited any part of the archipelago himself, but obtained from others the information he gives us.

[16] The early kings of Macassar boasted that they descended from the Tormanurong, who, according to their legends, had this miraculous history as given in Pinkerton’s “Voyages,” vol. ii., p. 216. In the earliest times, it happened that a beautiful woman, adorned with a chain of gold, descended from heaven, and was acknowledged by the Macassars as their queen. Upon hearing of the appearance on earth of this celestial beauty, the King of Bantam made a long voyage to that land, and sought her hand in marriage, though he had before wedded a princess of Bontain. His suit was granted, and a son was begotten in this marriage, who was two or three years old before he was born, so that he could both walk and talk immediately after his birth, but he was very much distorted in shape. When he was grown up, he broke the chain of gold which his mother had brought from heaven into two pieces, after which she, together with her husband, vanished in a moment, taking with her one half the chain, and leaving the other half and the empire to her son. This chain, which the Macassars say is sometimes heavy and sometimes light, at one time dark colored and at another bright, was ever afterward one of the regalia of the kings until it was lost in a great revolution.

[17] Odoardo Barbosa (in Spanish, Balbosa) was a gentleman of Lisbon, who travelled in the East during his youth. From his writings it appears probable that he visited Malacca before it was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. His work appeared in 1516. In 1519 he joined Magellan, and was treacherously murdered by the natives of Zebu, one of the Philippines, in 1521, four days after the great navigator, whom he accompanied, had suffered a like fate.

[18] Mr. Wallace estimated the value of the goods carried there from Macassar alone at 200,000 guilders (80,000 dollars), and those brought from other places at 50,000 guilders (20,000 dollars) more.

[19] The name of this island comes from the Portuguese word _flor_, a flower; plural, _floris_.

[20] The Rajah of Sangir, a village from twelve to fifteen miles southeast of the volcano, was an eye-witness of this fearful phenomenon, and thus describes it: “About 7 P. M., on the 10th of April, three distinct columns of flame burst forth, near the top of Tomboro Mountain, all of them apparently within the verge of the crater; and, after ascending separately to a very great height, their tops united in the air in a troubled, confused manner. In a short time the whole mountain next Sangir appeared like a body of liquid fire, extending itself in every direction. The fire and columns of flame continued to rage with unabated fury until the darkness, caused by the quantity of falling matter, obscured it at about 8 P. M. Stones at this time fell very thick at Sangir, some of them as large as a man’s two fists, but generally not larger than walnuts. Between 9 and 10 P. M. ashes began to fall; and soon after, a violent whirlwind ensued, which blew down nearly every house in the village of Sangir, carrying their tops and light parts along with it. In that part of the district of Sangir adjoining Tomboro, its effects were much more violent, tearing up by the roots the largest trees, and carrying them into the air, together with men, houses, cattle, and whatever else came within its influence. The sea rose nearly twelve feet higher than it had ever been known to do before, and completely spoiled the only small spots of rice-lands in Sangir, sweeping away houses and every thing within its reach.”

[21] “Native Races of the East Indian Archipelago, Papuans,” by George Windsor Earl, M. R. A. S. London, 1853.

[22] Possibly the “spots,” of which Mr. Earl speaks, may have been caused by some disease, for spots of a lighter hue than the general color of the body are often seen among all Malays. Both the straight-haired Malaysians and the frizzled-haired Melanesians have the odd custom of rubbing _lime_ into their hair, which gives it a dull-yellowish or reddish tinge. Mr. Earl, however, states that he has seen one native whose hair was naturally _red_, a kind of partial albinoism.

[23] Mr. Jukes remarks, and I believe, most correctly, that “if the term ‘jura kalk’ is applied lithologically to these tertiary rocks, it is to a certain extent applicable, as they have a concretionary and oölitic structure. If, however, it is meant to have a chronological meaning, it is either incorrectly applied, or the formation is incorrectly extended on the map to the neighborhood of Kupang.”

[24] “Voyage of the Dourga in 1825 and 1826,” by Captain Kloff, translated by G. W. Earl.

[25] A paal, the unit of measure on land in the East Indian Archipelago, is fifteen sixteenths of a statute mile.

[26] The Dutch name for this tree and its fruit is cacao. Our word chocolate comes from the Spanish “chocolate,” which was a mixture of the fruit of this tree with Indian corn. These were ground up together, and some honey was usually added. After sugar-cane was introduced, that was also added to neutralize the bitter qualities of the cocoa.

[27] This name must not be confounded with that of the cocoa-nut-tree, or _Cocos nucifera_, which is a palm. The word cocoa is supposed to have been derived from the Portuguese word _macoco_ or _macaco_, a monkey, and to have been applied to the cocoa-nut palm, from a fancied resemblance between the end of the shell, where the three black scars occur, and the face of a monkey.

[28] Francis Valentyn, the author of the most comprehensive and accurate history and description of the Dutch possessions in all the East, was a Lutheran clergyman. He was born at Dordrecht, about the year 1660. In 1686 he arrived at Data via as a minister, and having resided some time at Japara, near Samarang, he was transferred to Amboina, the future field of his ministry and literary labors. After a residence of twelve years in the Spice Islands, he was obliged to return home on account of ill-health. Having remained in Holland for eleven years, he sailed a second time for India in 1705. Arriving at Java, he remained on that island for two years, and then proceeded to the Spice Islands, where he resided for seven years, and in 1714 he returned again to Holland. Immediately after his arrival he devoted himself to arranging his copious notes for publication. His first volume was published in 1724; this was followed by seven others, all fully illustrated, the last appearing in 1726. They embrace a complete description and history of all the Dutch possessions from the Cape of Good Hope to Japan. The date of the death of this eminent man is not known, but he must have been in his sixty-sixth year when he finished his great work.

[29] According to official statements, the total yield from 1675 to 1854 was 100,034,036 Amsterdam pounds.

[30] De Cauto, who visited these islands in 1540, says: “The Persians call the clove _calafur_, and speaking on this matter, with permission of the physicians, it appears to us that the _carofilum_ of the Latin is corrupted from the _calafur_ of the Moors (Arabs), for they have some resemblance. And as this drug passed into Europe through the hands of the Moors with the name _calafur_, it appears the Europeans did not change it. The Castilians (Spaniards) called cloves _gilope_, because they came from the island of Gilolo (probably one of the chief sources of this article at that time). The people of the Moluccas call them _chanqué_. The Brahmin physicians first called them _lavanga_, but afterward gave them the Moorish name. Generally all nations give them a name of their own, as we have done; for the first of us (the Portuguese) that reached these islands (the Moluccas), taking them in their hands, and observing their resemblance to iron nails, called them _cravo_, by which they are now so well known in the world.”

[31] In 1855 the population of the islands east of Amboina was thus divided, and so little change has occurred that these figures closely represent the relative numbers of each class at the present time:

---------+----------+--------+------------------------+-------+--------
Islands. |Mestizoes.|Burgers.| Villagers. |Slaves.| Total.
| | +-----------+------------+ |
| | |Christians.|Mohammedans.| |
---------+----------+--------+-----------+------------+-------+--------
Haruku | 88 | 288 | 3,204 | 3,544 | 64 | 7,188
Saparua | 162 | 2,912 | 7,340 | 1,154 | 97 | 11,665
Nusalaut | 4 | 63 | 3,386 | | 26 | 3,479
---------+----------+--------+-----------+------------+-------+--------

[32] In 1854 the western part that is included in the residency of Hila was supposed to contain a population of two thousand four hundred and sixty-eight; the middle peninsula and the bay visited on this voyage, twenty-four thousand one hundred and ninety-four; the northern coast under Wahai, forty thousand nine hundred and twenty-five; and, in the great area east of Elpaputi Bay, it was supposed that there dwelt between twenty-one and twenty-two thousand; making a total of eighty-nine thousand and eighty-seven, about ninety thousand; but Dr. Bleeker, who gives these figures, thinks there are half as many more people among the mountains, and that the whole population of the island should be put down at one hundred and fifty thousand. He gives the population of these islands for 1855 in round numbers as follows:

Amboina 29,500
Haruku 7,900
Buru 9,200
Amblau 1,000
Bonoa 1,500
Nusalaut 3,500
Manipa 700
Saparua 11,600
Ceram 150,000
-------
Total 214,200

These figures may be regarded as good estimates of the population at the present time.

[33] This name Alfura, in Dutch Alfoera, is also written Alfora, Alafora, Arafura, and Halafora. Mr. Crawford finds that it is composed of the Arabic articles _alor_, _el_, and the preposition _fora_, without; and was simply a general denomination given by the Portuguese when they were supreme in the Moluccas to all the native inhabitants who were without the pale of their authority.

[34] This Gunong Api most not be confounded with another similar volcano of the same name north of Wetta, and still another near the western end of Sumbawa, at the northern entrance to the Sapi Strait.

[35] De Barros, in Crawfurd’s “Dictionary of the India Islands.”

[36] Subsequently I learned that two of them were still living when he reached France.

[37] From Valentyn and later writers we learn that eruptions have occurred in the following years: 1586, 1598, 1609, 1615, 1632, 1690, 1696, 1712, 1765, 1775, 1778, 1820, and 1824.

[38] Heavy earthquakes, without eruptions, have occurred in 1629, 1683, 1710, 1767, 1816, and 1852.

[39] In this case the facts that the water in the roads did not pour out into the sea, and that the “flood” did not come until half an hour after the shock had occurred, indicate that this wave had its origin elsewhere, and that there is no need of supposing, as in accounting for the great wave of 1852, that any part of the group was raised or depressed.

[40] Mr. Crawford thinks this is a corruption of _burungdewata_, which in Malay means “birds of God.”

[41] Vide Ramusio, vol. i., p. 376, in Crawford’s “Dictionary of the India Islands.”

[42] In the same length of time Mr. A. R. Wallace collected sixty-six species on this island.

[43] A similar cause produces the rainless district of Peru, but there the prevailing wind throughout the year, at least in the upper strata of the atmosphere, is from the southeast.

[44] This date is corroborated by Pigafetta, who wrote in 1521, and remarks in regard to this point: “Hardly fifty years have elapsed since the Moors (Arabs) conquered (converted) Malucco (the Moluccas), and dwelt there. Previously these islands were peopled with Gentiles (i. e., heathen) only.”

[45] Vide Pigafetta in Crawfurd’s “Dict. India Islands.”

[46] He has since been canonized, and is worthily considered by his people a model of piety and devotion to the missionary cause.

[47] Mr. A. R. Wallace, who has travelled more widely than any other naturalist over the region where these magnificent birds are found, gives the following complete list of the species now known, and the places they inhabit: Arru Islands, _P. apoda_ and _P. regia_; Misol, _P. regia_ and _P. magnifica_; Wagiu, _P. rubra_; Salwatti, _P. regia_, _P. magnifica_, _Epimachus albus_, and _Sericulus aureus_; coast regions of New Guinea generally, _Epimachus albus_, and _Sericulus aureus_; central and mountainous regions of the northern peninsula of New Guinea, _Lophorina superba_, _Parotia sexsetacea_, _Astrapia nigra_, _Epimachus magnus_, _Craspedophora magnifica_, and probably _Diphylloides Wilsonii_ and _Paradigalla carunculata_.

[48] This number is divided according to nationalities as follows: Europeans, 550; natives, 102,423; Chinese, 1,434; Arabs, 11.

[49] Crawfurd’s “Dictionary of the India Islands.”

[50] For an accurate representation of these rings, see the drawings of concretionary structure in Dana’s “Manual of Geology,” p. 99, fig. 85.

[51] I had little idea, when the above was written, that this ship was no other than the Hartford, made so famous by Admiral Farragut’s brave and successful assault on the forts below Mobile, and that Rear-Admiral H. H. Bell, then commanding our Asiatic squadron, was on board; and that during that same year (1866) it would be my privilege to meet him, and receive from him and the other officers of our United States ships so much kind assistance in making long voyages on the coasts of China, Corea, and Japan.

[52] Vide Max Müller’s “Lectures on the Science of Language,” First Course, p. 224.

[53] Queen Elizabeth’s letter is as follows: “We for them” (the East India Company) “do promise, that in no time hereafter you shall have cause to repent thereof, but rather to rejoice much, for their dealing shall be true and their conversation sure, and we hope that they will give such good proof thereof that this beginning shall be a perpetual confirmation of love betwixt our subjects in both parts, by carrying from us such things and merchandise as you have need of there. So that your highness shall be very well served, and better contented, than you have heretofore been with the Portugals and Spaniards, our enemies, who only and none else of these regions have frequented those your and the other kingdoms of the East, not suffering that the other natives should do it, pretending themselves to be monarchs and absolute lords of all those kingdoms and provinces, as their own conquest and inheritance, as appears by their lofty titles in their writings. The contrary whereof hath very lately appeared unto us. That your highness, and your royal family, fathers and grandfathers, have, by the grace of God, and their valor, known, not only to defend your own kingdoms, but also to give war unto the Portugals in the land which they possess, as namely: in Malacca, in the year of human redemption, 1575, under the conduct of your valliant Captain Ragamacota (_Rajah makuta_) with their great loss and the perpetual honor of your highness’ crown and kingdom. And now, if your highness shall be pleased to accept unto your favor and grace and under your royal protection and defence, these our subjects, that they may freely do their business now and continue yearly hereafter, this bearer, who goeth chief of the fleet of four ships, hath order, with your highness’ license, to leave certain factors with a settled house or factory in your kingdom, until the going thither of another fleet, which shall go thither on the return of this—which left factors shall learn the language and customs of your subjects, whereby the better and more lovingly to converse with them.”

[54] For a detailed list of the quantities exported each year, and the average price, see Appendix D.

[55] Vide Marsden’s “History of Sumatra,” p. 322 _et seq._

[56] While this work is going to the press, the specimens referred to have all arrived in perfect order, though the ship that brought them was obliged to put in twice in distress, having one time been nearly dismasted by a cyclone, that kept her on her beam ends for eight hours.

[57] This accords with Van Dijk’s statement, that while the purity of English coals is represented by 81.08, that of the Orange-Nassau mines in Borneo would be represented by 98.46, and this by 69.47.

[58] The total population of this residency is estimated at 527,050, of which 132 are Europeans; about 522,345 natives; 2,790 Chinese; 1,716 Arabs; and 67 from other Eastern nations.

[59] The population of the island is 54,389. Of these, 110 are Europeans; 37,070 natives; 17,097 Chinese, and 56 Arabs.

[60] ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.’

INDEX.

A.

Abreu, Antonio d’, sent to search for the Spice Islands, 23;
is the first to reach the Bandas, 215;
pillars of discovery erected by, 256.

Achin, country, people, and trade, 448;
English appear at, 449.

Alfura, name whence derived and its signification, 203, and _note_;
bloody laws of, in Ceram, 205;
of Kaibobo, 207;
drunken revels of, 209, 210;
of Buru, their customs and belief, 271-273;
of the Minahassa, 365.

Amahai, bay of, described, 202;
village of, _ib._

Amboina, residence of Rumphius, 13;
island and city described, 130-132;
famous for its shells, 133;
life of foreigners at, 211;
trade of, 249.

_Amuk_, defined, 383.

_Anak gadis_, or virgin children, 497, 507.

_Anon depressicornis_, an antelope, 325.

Ants, abundance of and trouble caused by, 288, 289.

Army, headquarters of Javanese, 43;
Dutch, in Sumatra, 456.

Arrack, how made, 68.

Arriens, governor of the Moluccas, 213;
kind invitation given the author, _ib._;
visits Banda, 213 _et seq._

Aru Islands, account of, 244.

Assilulu, visit to the village of, 149-161.

Ayar Bangis, port of, 453.

B.

Baba, island of, described, 127.

Babirusa, skulls of, 150;
distribution of, _ib._;
young one seen at Kayéli, 292;
author hunts for, on Limbi, 325;
one commits suicide, 331.

Bachian, island of, described, 299;
great python killed on, 334;
fauna of, 380.

_Baju_, a, described, 34.

Bali, described, 93;
fauna of, _ib._;
separation from Java, 93, 94;
fauna of, 94;
religion of, 95, 96.

_Bali_, a town hall, 477.

Bamboo, used by the Malays, 86.

Banana, tree and fruit described, 84, 85;
native name for, 159;
different kinds, _ib._

Banca, description and geology of, 534;
income of, 535.

Banda, author arrives at, 128;
and revisits, 214;
description of the group, 214, 215;
early inhabitants of, 216;
religion of, _ib._;
natives of, exterminated by the Dutch, 217;
convicts banished to, 217, 218;
the group only walls of a crater, 224;
compared with that of the Tenger Mountains, _ib._;
nutmeg parks on, 227;
residency of, 242.

Banteng, the _Bos sondaicus_, 72.

Bantiks, a people near Menado, 343.

Barros, Jão de, history of, 97, _note_;
his description of Celebes, 97;
describes the many languages spoken in the Moluccas, 163;
his description of the Bandas, 215, 216.

Barus, a port in Sumatra, 442.

Batavia, purpose of going to, 13;
foundation of, 24;
police of, 383.

Batta, grave of a, 417;
Lands, a description of, 423;
are cannibals, 424;
referred to by Marco Polo, 425;
by Sir Stamford Raffles, _ib._;
draw the author’s carriage, 426, 427;
author visits a village of, 440;
houses of, _ib._;
eat a man, 442;
missionaries among, 443;
Madame Pfeiffer among, 444;
kill two American missionaries, 445;
origin of their cannibal customs, 446.

Barbosa, Odoardo, cited, 63;
history of, 100, _note_;
describes the natives of Celebes, 100.

Bears, of Sumatra, 510, 511.

Bencoolen, bay of, 486;
history of, 487, 489.

Benzoin, a resin, 63.

Betel-nut; tree described, 180;
mode of chewing the, 181.

Birds.—
Bird that guarded the double cocoa-nut tree, 15;
of Java, 80, 81;
trade in, on the coast of New Guinea, 242;
luris, _ib._;
crown pigeons (_Megapodiideæ_), 242;
doves (_Columba ænea_ and _Columba perspicillata_), fruit planted
by, 243;
of paradise found at Aru Islands, 244;
Pigafetta’s account of, _ib._;
kingfishers at the Bandas, 246;
_Pitta vigorsi_, a rare species, _ib._;
_Carpophaga luctuosa_, a white dove, 255, 268;
the prince parrot (_Platycercus hypophonius_), description of,
_ib._;
luris, red (_Eos rubra_), 256, 259;
kingfishers at Buru, 258;
hunting luris, 259;
parrakeets, _ib._;
_Trichoglossus cyanogrammus_, _ib._;
luris, Moore’s description of, 260;
_Tanygnathus macrorynchus_, a large, green parrot, 268;
_Carpophaga perspicillata_, a long-tailed dove, _ib._;
_Muscicapidæ_, _ib._;
_Monarcha loricata_, _ib._;
_Tropidorynchus bouruensis_, 269;
_Anas rajah_, or “prince duck,” 283;
author incurs great danger in procuring, _ib._;
_castori rajah_, 289;
_Megapodius Forsteni_, _ib._;
_M. Wallacei_, _ib._;
mode of shooting, skinning, and preserving, 288, 289;
_Corvus enka_, 335;
_Dicrurus_, _ib._

Birgos latro, the great hermit crab, 148.

Bleeker, Dr., on the geology of Laitimur, 247;
on the ichthyology of Lake Linu, 344.

Blood-suckers, author tortured by, 492, 493, 508.

Boats, with outriggers, 57;
see also _leper-leper_.

Bonang, the, described, 190.

Bonoa, situation of, 253.

Bosche, Governor Van den; entertains the author at Padang, 387.

_Bos sondaicus_; the ox of Madura, 72.

Bread-fruit, tree and fruit described, 92.

Breech-loader, Sharpe’s, 43.

Bridge, suspension, made of rattan, 428, 430;
of bamboo, 474;
of rattan, 475.

Bua, valley of, 462;
cave of, 463, 464.

Buffalo, the, described, 35;
habits of, 35, 36;
color of, 36;
fights with tigers, 36;
wild ones in Sumatra, 413.

Buru, described, 256;
history of, 270, 271;
Alfura of, and their customs and belief, 271-273;
alternation of seasons in, 298.

Buton, description and geology of, 380, 381.

C.

Camphor-trees, described, 433;
kinds of, _ib._

Cannibals; mode of eating men, 444;
see also Battas.

Cassowary, eggs of, 150;
habitat of the, _ib._

Cauto, Diogo de, history of, 98, _note_;
his description of Celebes, 98, 99.

Celebes; description and history of, 97-100;
northern peninsula of, 322;
gold-mines in, 379;
fauna of, 380.

Cemetery, Chinese, at Batavia, 35.

Ceram, described, 201, 202;
head-hunters of, 203;
Alfura, _ib._;
landing on the south coast of, 207;
alternation of seasons in, 298.

Ceram-laut, natives of, 242;
elevation of, 243.

_Cervus rufa_, 80;
_mantjac_, _ib._

Chair, to travel in, described, 141, 142.

Chilachap, port of, 57.

Christmas Island, passed, 13.

Cinnamon, kinds of, and their distribution, 425.

Cleft, of Padang Panjang, 390-392, 459, 460.

Clove, tree and fruit described, 153;
distribution of, 153, 154;
quantities obtained in previous years, 153;
mode of gathering the, 155;
names for, 156;
history of, 157;
yield of, in Saparua, Haruku, and Nusalaut, 197.

_Clypeastridæ_, abundant at Saparua, 186.

Coal, near Siboga, 436;
near Bencoolen, 492-495;
abundance of, 494;
on the Limatang, 521;
on the Inem, 524.

Cock-fighting, Malay passion for, 61.

Cocoa-nut, the double, 14;
palm, described, 81-83;
oil, mode of making, 83;
kind eaten by Malays, 82, 83;
importance of, 84;
beaches lined with trees of, 149;
a portable fountain, _ib._;
abundance of, on the upper Limatang, 523;
rafts of, _ib._

Cocoa-trees at Amboina, 138;
history of, 138, 139.

Coffee, store-houses for, at Menado, 346;
history of, 347-349;
how brought to Padang and when sold, 453;
exports to the United States, 455, and Appendix D.;
where large quantities could be profitably raised, 504, 505.

_Coir_, a rope made of gomuti fibres, 370.

Controleur, duties of, 67;
in Ceram summons the head-hunters, 203.

Cooking, Eastern mode of, 31.

Coral, _Meandrinas_, or “brain corals,” 285;
different kinds of, and appearance beneath the sea, 286-287;
_Fungidæ, Gorgonias_, raised reefs, 508.

Cotton, raised by the natives on the Limatang, 527.

Crawfurd, Mr. John, cited, 96;
in regard to Mount Tomboro, 108.

D.

Damma, described, 126;
hot springs in, 126, 127.

Deer, author hunts, on Buru, 290-292;
their venison smoked and made into _dinding_, 292;
_Axis maculata_, 387;
hunted by tigers, 413.

Dias, Bartholomew, his discovery of southern extremity of Africa, 22.

Dilli, city of, 122;
name whence derived, 124.

Diving, skilful, 103.

_Draco volans_, described, 144.

Dugong found at Aru Islands, 244.

_Duku_, the, described, 90.

Durian tree and fruit described, 91, 92.

E.

Earl, Mr., cited in regard to a plateau, 95;
people near Dilli, 116.

Earthquake, experienced by the author at Amboina, 167-169;
diseases caused by several, 169, 170.

Elephants, native mode of killing, 495;
author comes near a stray one, 513;
distribution of, _ib._

Elizabeth, Queen; her letter to the rajah of Achin, 449, _note_.

Eugene Sue, describes Rahden Saleh, 38.

Exquisite, an Eastern, described, 42.

F.

_Feest Kakian_, a revel of the head-hunters, 210.

Fever, Batavia, described, 39.

Fishes; large one caught at Limbi, 332;
_Ophiocephalus striatus_, 354;
_Anabas scandens_, _ib._;
_Anguilla Elphinstonei_, _ib._

Fishing, boats used by Malays, 52;
Malay mode of, 329.

Floris described, 111;
cannibals of, _ib._

Flying-fish, 106;
can fly during a calm, 122.

Forest, home in a tropical, 261;
nature’s highway through, 263.

Fountain, “youth’s radiant,” quoted from Moore, 297.

_Fringilla oryzivora_, the rice-bird, 80.

G.

_Gallus bankiva_, 60, 61;
other species of, 60.

Galunggong, Mount; eruption of, 75, 76;
compared with the Tenger Mountains, 77.

_Gambang_, of Java, 190.

Gambling, Malay vice of, 61.

Geology, of Timur, near Kupang, 119, 120;
of the Banda group, 241;
of Amboina, 247;
of Buru, 263, 293;
of Bachian, 299;
of the Minahassa, 376;
of Gorontalo, 379;
of Buton, 381;
of a cliff at Tapanuli Bay, 441;
of the Padang plateau, 477;
of the cliffs of Bencoolen Bay, 489, 490;
of the region near Tebing Tingi, 508;
of the region of the upper Limatang, 522;
of Banca, 534.

Gillibanta, passed, 187.

Gilolo, west coast of, 310;
Alfura of, 311;
“the bloodhounds” of, _ib._

Goitre, prevalent in the interior of Sumatra, 416;
probable cause of, _ib._

Gold-mines in Celebes, 379;
geological age of, _ib._;
mines in Sumatra, 404-406;
distribution of, 406;
ornaments of, 431, 432;
mode of obtaining, 432.

_Gomuti_ palm, fibres of, 360;
made into a rope, 370;
_tuak_ or wine of, 371.

Goram, situation of, 243.

Gorontalo, bay of, 377;
country and tribes near, 378.

Gresik, village of, 56.

Gunong Api, of Sapi Strait, 106, 107;
of Banda, 214-219;
author ascends, 228;
description of, 228-234;
account of eruptions of, 237;
the one near Wetta, 245;
of Banda compared to Ternate, 317.

H.

Haruku, one of the Uliassers, 178;
north coast of, 182;
population and description of, _ib._

Head-hunters, of Ceram, 203;
clothing, 203, 204;
dance of, _ib._;
of Sawai Bay, 205, 206.

Hinduism, history of, 62.

Hitu, a part of Amboina, 130;
remarkable appearance of hills on, 131;
excursion along the coast of, 141.

Horse, author thrown from a, 341;
of Sumatra, 409.

Hospital, at Batavia, 39.

Houtman, commander of first Dutch fleet to the East, 24;
arrives at Ternate, 307.

_Hukom_, _Biza_, _Kadua_, _Tua_, and _Kachil_, meaning of, 338.

Hunting in the tropics, 139.

I.

Ice, used in the East, 31;
whence brought, and where manufactured, 31.

Inkfish, an _Octopus_, author dines on, 172.

J.

Java, Sea, 19;
meaning of the word, 21;
described by Ludovico Barthema, 23;
compared with Cuba, 77-79;
description of, 77, 78;
population of, 78;
imports and exports, 79;
forests, _ib._;
fauna, 79-81;
flora, 81-89;
separated from Sumatra and Bali, 93, 94.

Jewels, from the heads of wild boars, 151;
Rumphius’s account of, 152.

Jukes, Mr., cited on the geology of Sandal-wood Island, 112;
Timur, 119.

Junghuhn, Dr., cited, 52, 53, 109.

K.

_Kampong_, a, described, 132.

Kayéli, bay of, 256;
village of, 257;
description of, 269;
history of, 270;
a threatening fleet arrives off, 283.

_Kayu-puti_, trees and oil described, 282, 283;
distribution of, 283.

Kema, village of, 323;
great python killed near, 334.

Ki, some account of the group, 243.

Kissa, described, 125.

Klings, whence their name, 63;
early voyages of, to the archipelago, 405.

Kloff, Captain; describes the natives of Kissa, 125.

Korinchi, reformers of, 471.

Kubus, the tribe of, described, 533.

Kupang, village of, 113;
bay of, _ib._;
population of, 114;
oranges of, _ib._

L.

_Ladangs_, native gardens, 264.

Lepers, author visits a village of, 343;
description of the, 343-346;
description of the disease, 345.

_Leper-leper_, a native boat, 165;
dangerous voyage in, 165, 166.

Letti, described, 125.

Limatang, river of, 518, 520, 521;
author descends, 521-533.

Limbi, an island near Kema, 324;
author visits for Babirusa, 324-332.

Living, Eastern mode of, 32.

_Lombok_, the, described, 264.

Lombok, island of, separated from Bali, 93;
fauna of, 94;
flora, _ib._

Lontar, one of the Banda Islands, 214;
shores of, 219;
author visits it, 223-227;
beautiful nutmeg-groves of, 225.

Lotus, fragrant, 358;
land of, by Tennyson, 366.

Lubus, tribe of, 411;
habits, 419.

M.

Macassar, harbor of, 100;
praus of, 100, 101;
city of, 103-105;
tombs of princes near, 105.

Madura, a low island, 55;
Strait of, 56;
cattle of, 60;
south coast of, 71;
whence its name, _ib._;
coffee-trees on, 72;
manufacture of salt on, 72.

Magellan, Ferdinand, his discovery of the Spice Islands, 305-307.

Maize, history of, 265-267.

Makian, island of, described, 299;
eruptions of, 299, 300.

_Malabrathrum_, a gum, 62.

Malay, first sight of, 18;
language of, 20;
physical characteristics of, 33, 34;
passion for gambling, _ib._;
are mostly Mohammedans, _ib._;
language affected by the Portuguese, 122;
speak many dialects, 162, 163;
migrations of, from Gilolo, 313.

Mango, tree and fruit described, 89, 90, 148.

Mangostin, described, 88, 89.

Manindyu, lake of, 397;
crater of, 399, 401;
village of, _ib._

Marco Polo, his account of Java, 21.

Marriage, feast at Kayéli, 274;
Mohammedan laws in regard to, 275;
at Amboina, 275-278;
Malay ideas of, 279.

Matabella, situation of group, 243;
Wallace’s description of, _ib._

Menado, village of, 342;
bay of, 346, 351;
Tua, an island, 346.

Menangkabau, kingdom of, 394;
former capitals of, 468;
history of, 469-474;
arts in, 472, 473.

Minahassa; the most beautiful spot on the globe, 316;
mode of travelling in, 335;
population of, and area, 339;
cataract in, 356;
mud-wells and hot springs in, 358-364;
Alfura of, 365;
most charming view in, 369;
products of, 370, 375;
graves of the aborigines of, 373;
Christianity and education in, 375;
geology of, 376.

Mitarra; small island near Ternate, 317.

Mohammedan religion, first converts to, 51;
at Gresik, 56;
jealousy, 159;
requires the shaving of the head, 273;
filing the teeth, 274.

Moluccas, history of the, 146;
population and how divided, 195;
Catholicism in, 307, 308;
Christianity introduced, 308;
of what islands composed, 309.

Monkeys, of Sumatra and Java, 408, 409;
large troops of, 410;
sagacity of, 478;
a flock of, 509.

Monsoons, calms during the changing of, 16;
name whence derived, 44;
east and west, _ib._;
rainy, 45;
sky thick in the eastern, 120;
eastern at Amboina, Ceram, Buru, and New Guinea, 128, 129;
western boundary of, 486.

Mosque, Mohammedan, in Samarang, 50.

Mount, Ungarung, 45;
Slamat, _ib._;
Sumbing, 46;
Prau, residence of the gods, 46-48;
Japura, 48;
Tenger, 73;
Bromo, 74;
Tomboro, eruption of, 108-110;
Tompasso, 357;
Singalang, 393;
Mérapi, _ib._;
Ophir, 404;
Seret Mérapi, 420, 422;
Lubu Rajah, 423;
Sago, 461-468;
Talang, 480;
Ulu Musi, 499;
Dempo, 516.

Mud-wells, in the Minahassa, 359-364.

Müller, Dr. S., ascended Gunong Api of Banda in 1828, 236.

_Musa paradisiaca_, the banana-tree, 85;
_textilis_, 340.

N.

Natal, port of, 453.

Nautilus, shells of, purchased at Kupang, 119;
said to be common on Rotti, _ib._;
those secured at Amboina, 134, 135.

Navigating mud-flats, 57.

Nusalaut, name whence derived, 178;
author visits, 187;
surrounded by a platform of coral, 187;
natives of, in ancient costume, _ib._;
description and population of, 188.

Nutmeg-tree, when found, 215;
gathered by the natives, 216;
description of tree and fruit, 222;
mode of curing the fruit, 222, 223.

O.

_Orangbai_, an, described, 136.

Orang-utan, habits of, 408, 409.

Ophir, whence the gold of, 405.

Opium, mode of selling and smoking, 279-282;
history of, 280.

P.

Padang, city of, 385;
Panjang, 392;
Sidempuan, 423.

Padangsche Bovenlanden, or Padang plateau, 390;
native houses in, 393;
dress of the natives of, 394;
author travels in, Chap. XV.;
geology of, 477.

_Paddy_, described, 66.

Pagi Islands; natives of, and their habits, 482, 483.

Palembang, author arrives at, 529;
description and history of, 530, 531;
mosque of, 531;
Lama, 532.

_Pandanus_, a screw-pine, 84.

Papandayang, Mount, eruption of, 74, 75.

Papaw, tree and fruit described, 85.

Papua, natives of, 311, 312;
taxes levied on, 314;
author thinks of going to, 315.

Pasuma, plateau and people of, 516-519.

_Pedatis_, described, 68.

Pepper, an article of trade, 446-448;
distribution of and native names for, 447, 448.

Periplus of the Erythræan Sea, 62.

Pigafetta, his account of birds of paradise, 244;
account of the Philippines, 308.

Pinã-cloth, how made, 143.

Pine-apples, introduction and history of, 142.

_Piper betel_, leaves of, chewed by the Malays, 181.

Pirates, in the Moluccas, 318;
from China, _ib._;
from Mindanao, 319;
Malays escape from, 320;
a surprise of, _ib._;
praus of, 321;
a challenge from, _ib._;
Dutch cruise for, 322.

Plough, kind used by Malays, 36;
mode of using, 36, 37.

Pompelmus, a gigantic orange, 19.

Ponies, Javanese, 65.

Post-coaches of Java, 64.

Pumice-stone, great quantities of, 110.

Python, one seen near Kema, 333;
stories concerning, 333-336;
author presented with one, 537;
it escapes, 539;
author has a deadly struggle with, 541.

R.

Raffles, Sir Stamford, history of, 488.

Railroads in Java, 49.

_Rambutan_, described, 89.

_Ranjaus_, 86.

Rattan, kinds of, 511;
how gathered, 511, 512.

Reef, first coral, visited, 123;
author’s boat strikes on one, 183;
waves breaking on a, 199.

Reinwardt, Professor, cited, 53;
ascended Gunong Api of Banda, in 1821, 236;
predicts an eruption, 312.

Rejangs, customs and laws, 496-498.

Reynst, Gerard, arrival at Banda, 236.

Rhinoceros, native pits for, 495;
distribution of, 509.

Rice, manner of gathering in Java, 66.

Rivers; Musi and its valley, 499;
Inem, 521, 522.

Roads, post, in Java, 64.

Roma, described, 126.

Roses, abundance of, in the Minahassa, 352, 366.

Rotti, island of, 116;
people of, _ib._

_Ruma négri_, a public house, 355;
beautiful one, 366.

_Ruma, Satan_, or Devil’s Dwelling, author visits, 437-442.

Rumphius; his “Rariteit Kamer” referred to by Linnæus, 13;
grave of, 260;
sketch of life of, 251.

S.

_Saccharum, sinensis_, 69;
_officinarum_, _ib._;
_violaceum_, _ib._

Sacrifice, human, 117.

Saleh, Rahden, palace of, 37, 38;
manners and acquirements of, 38;
described by Eugene Sue, _ib._

Salt, manufacture in Madura, 72;
Java, 72, 73;
Borneo and Philippines, 73;
quantity of, _ib._;
prices of, 73, _note_.

Samarang, arrive at, 45;
described, 48.

_Sambal_, described, 32.

Sandal-wood Island, description of, 113;
horses of, _ib._

Sandy Sea, the, 74.

Saparua, name whence derived, 178;
island described, 184;
history, _ib._;
town of, 184, 185;
bay of, 186.

_Sapi_, described, 60.

Sarong, description of the, 18, 34.

Sawai bay, people of, 205.

_Sawas_, described, 66;
fertility of, 67.

Schneider, Dr., cited, 120, 247.

Schools, in the Spice Islands, 193;
how supported, _ib._;
welcome to the Resident, 194;
classes of, 195.

Sclater, Mr., cited, 94.

Semao, island of, 113.

Sequiera, first brings Portuguese into Eastern Archipelago, 23.

Shells, collecting, at Kupang, 117-119;
_Trochus marmoratus_, 175;
_Strombus latissimus_, 176;
_Scalaria preciosa_, 185;
_Cypræa moneta_, 186;
best place in the Spice Islands to gather, 198;
harp, _ib._;
_Mitra episcopalis_ and _papalis_, 199;
_Tridacna gigas_, found on hills, 248;
_Auricula_ in Ceram, 255;
_Rostellaria rectirostris_, _ib._

Siboga, author comes to the village of, 434;
country about, 435 _et seq._;
coal near, 436.

Singapore, history and description of, 536.

Sinkara, lake of, 476;
kampong, _ib._

Siri, Malay name for the _Piper betel_, 181.

Snakes, swimming, 14.

Springs, Damma, 126;
in Java, 127;
hot, in the Minahassa, 360-364.

Strait, Sunda, 13-19;
Sapi, passed through, 106-108.

_Styrax benzoin_, described, 63.

Sugar-cane, kinds of, 69;
history of, 69, 70.

Sugar-Loaf Island, passed, 121.

Sulphur, from volcanoes, 53.

Sumatra, grand mountains of, 43;
author travels in, 384-532;
Dutch army in, 456;
Hinduism in, 471;
Mohammedanism in, 471;
unimproved areas in, 502;
true source of the wealth of, 505.

Sumbawa, seen, 107;
Mount Tomboro in, 108.

Sundanese, a language of Java, 25.

Surabaya; business of, 56;
shipping at, _ib._;
harbor of, 57;
situation of, _ib._;
population of, _ib._;
dock-yard, 58;
machine-shops, _ib._;
artillery works, 59;
streets of, 60.

Surakarta, residence of Javanese princes, 26.

Surf, on south coast of Ceram, 208;
revolt in, 257.

T.

_Tandu_, a, described, 49.

Tanjong O, feared by the natives, 200;
Flasco, beautiful sunset seen at, 377.

Tapanuli, bay of, 434, 436;
geology of a cliff near, 441;
natives that come to the bay of, 448.

Teak, durability of, and different purposes used for, 59;
abundant in Java, 79;
distribution of, 267.

Telegraph-lines in Java and Sumatra, 65.

Tenger Mountains, seen, 73;
Sandy Sea in, 74;
Bromo in, _ib._;
compared with the Bandas, 241.

Ternate, island and village of, described, 300, 303, 304;
history and account of the eruptions of, 300-309;
the prince of, and his territory, 309, 310;
trade of, 315;
author experiences four earthquakes at, in four days, 316;
houses of foreigners at, 317.

Tidore, peak and village of, 312, 313;
prince of, 313.

_Tifa_; a kind of drum, 137;
discordant sounds of, 179;
mode of beating, 180.

Tigers, ravages of, 413;
native traps for, 491;
natives destroyed, 503, 504;
fight with a bear, 510;
abundance of, 513-517.

Timur, different races on, 115;
southeast monsoon in, _ib._;
northwestern coast of, 121.

Timur-laut, described, 127;
natives of, at Banda, 218.

Tin, distribution of, 535.

Tobacco, history of, 265, 266.

Tondano, lake of, 367, 368;
village of, 368;
Klabat, mantled with clouds, 369;
tragedy occurred near, 372.

Trees.—
Upas, 54;
_Antiaris toxicaria_, 54, 55;
anchar, 55;
_Artocarpus incisa_, and _integrifolia_, 92, 93;
_Carophyllus aromaticus_, the clove, 153;
Palmyra palm, 222;
_Borassus flabelliformis_, _ib._;
_Myristica moschata_, the nutmeg, _ib._;
_Tectona grandis_, the teak, 267.

_Tripang_, described, 101-103.

U.

Uliassers described, 178.

V.

Valentyn, his description of an earthquake wave, 240;
history of Buru, 270;
history of Ternate, 304;
describes the eruption of Mount Kemaas, 336, 337.

Valley of Poison, 53.

Van Dijk, cited, 476, 492, 494.

Vidua, Carlo de, sinks in a solfatara, 354.

_Viverra musanga_, 79, 80.

W.

Wakasihu, visit to the village of, 161-164;
rajah of, 161;
shells gathered at, 162.

Wallace, A. R., cited, 94, 95;
list of the birds of paradise, 314, _note_.

Wetta, described, 124.

Wilkinson, Sir Gardner, cited, 62.

X.

Xavier, St. Francis, visits the Moluccas, 307.

Z.

Zoological gardens, at Batavia, 38;
at Samarang, 60.

THE END.

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