Chapter XVII: ágades 175

The Retail Traders from Tawát—The Learned ʿAbdallah—Aspect of
the Town—The Sultan’s Quarter—Interview with the Chief—Mohammed
Bóro’s House and Family—Markets of Ágades—Manufactures—Native
Cavalry—View of the Town—The Kádhi—Interior of Ágades—Various
Visitors—The “Fúra,” a Favourite Drink—Manners and
Customs—A Misadventure—Language of Ágades the same as that
of Timbúktu—My Friend Hamma—The Fatal Dungeon—Ceremony
of Investiture—The Procession—Visitors—Rumours of War—On
Rock-Inscriptions—Visitors again—Episode—Parting with
Bóro—Tailelt (Guinea-fowl) Tobes—Áshu’s Garden—Letters from the
Sultan—Military Expedition—Results of the Expedition—Interior
of a House—The Emgedesi Lady—Ruinous Quarter—Wanton
Manners—The Mosque and Tower—Interior of the Mosque—Hostile
Disposition of the Kádhi—Other Mosques in Ágades—Enlightened
Views—Preparations for Departure.

CHAPTER XVIII.

HISTORY OF ÁGADES 203

Ágades not identical with Aúdaghost—Meaning of the Name—The
Songhay Conqueror Háj Mohammed Askiá (Leo’s Ischia)—The
Associated Tribes—Leo’s Account of Ágades—The Ighedálen—Tegídda
or Tekádda—Gógó and the Ancient Gold Trade—Position of the
Ruler of Ágades—The Sultan and his Minister—Meaning of the word
“Turáwa”—The Town, its Population—Period of Decline—Ground-Plan
and Quarters of the Town—Decline of Commerce—Market Prices.

CHAPTER XIX.

DEPARTURE FROM ÁGADES.—STAY IN TIN-TÉGGANA 211

Abortive Commencement of Journey—The Valley Tíggeda full
of Life—Tin-téllust deserted—Arrival in Tin-téggana—Stay
in Tin-téggana—Mohammed el Gatróni—Turbulent State of
the Country—Conversation on Religion—Poor Diet—Prolonged
Delay—Preparations for Starting.

CHAPTER XX.

FINAL DEPARTURE FOR SUDÁN 220

Taking Leave of Tin-téggana—Trachytic Peak of Teléshera—Valley
of Tánegat—The Salt Caravan—Wild Manners of the Tuarek—Mount
Mári—Richer Vegetation—Well Álbes—Tebu Merchants—Chémia—Mount
Bághzen—Camels lost—Rich Valley Unán—Stone Dwellings of
Kél-gerés—Christmas Day—Taking Leave of Hamma.

CHAPTER XXI.

THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT—THE TAGÁMA 229

Travelling in Earnest—Home of the Giraffe and _Antilope
leucoryx_—The Mágariá—The _Cornus nabeca_ and the Feathery
Bristle—Princely Present—Animals (_Orycteropus Æthiopicus_)—The
Tagáma; their Peculiar Character—The Tarki Beauty—New
Plants—Steep Descent—Ponds of Stagnant Water—Cornfields
of Damerghú—The Warlike Chief Dan Íbra—Ungwa Sámmit—Negro
Architecture—Name of the Hut in Various Languages—Animal and
Vegetable Kingdoms—Horses grazing—Arrival in Tágelel—The
Ikázkezan Freebooter—Niggardliness of the Chief—Towns and
Villages of Damerghú—The Haunts of the Freebooters—Market of
Tágelel—The “Devil’s Dance.”

CHAPTER XXII.

SEPARATION OF THE TRAVELLERS—THE BORDER DISTRICTS OF THE
INDEPENDENT PAGAN CONFEDERATION—TASÁWA 243

Dissembling of the Chief—His steadfast Character—Mr.
Richardson’s Health—Separation—Different Roads to
Kanó—Animated Intercourse—Native Warfare—The First Large
Tamarind-tree—Villages and Wells—Separation from Mr.
Overweg—Improved Scenery—Encampment at Gozenákko—Lively
Camp Scene—Native Delicacies—Revenues of Tasáwa—Astounding
Message—Visit to Tasáwa—The Market in Tasáwa—Náchirá, Ánnur’s
Estate—Character of the People and their Dwellings—Intrigue
defeated—Counting Shells—A Petty Sultan—Dyeing-Pits.

CHAPTER XXIII.

GAZÁWA—RESIDENCE IN KÁTSENA 257

An African Dandy—My Protector Elaiji—Camp Life—Fortifications
and Market of Gazáwa—March resumed—Desolate Wilderness—Site
of Dánkama—Struggle between Islámism and Paganism—Encampment
near Kátsena—Estimate of Salt Caravan—Negro Horsemen—Equestrian
Musicians—The Governor of Kátsena—Detained by him—The
Governor’s Wiles—Disputes—Who is the “Káfer”?—Clapperton’s
Companion—The Tawáti Bel-Ghét conciliated—Extortionate
Demands—Subject about the Káfer resumed—The Presents—Promenade
through the Town—The Governor’s Wishes—Taking Leave of him.

CHAPTER XXIV.

HÁUSA—HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF KÁTSENA—ENTRY INTO KANÓ 273

The Name Háusa—Origin of the Háusa Nation—The Seven
States—Origin of the Town of Kátsena—The Mohammedan Missionary
Ben Maghíli—Kings of Kátsena—The First Moslim—The Oldest
Quarter—Magnitude of the Town—Its Decline—Salubrious Site and
Favourable Situation of Kátsena—Departure from Kátsena—Wild
State of the Country—Shibdáwa—Rich Scenery—Kusáda—The Bentang
Tree—Women with Heavy Loads—Beehives—Gúrzo—Approach to
Kanó—Straggling Villages—Composition of our Troop—First View of
Dalá—Entering Kanó.