Chapter XIX: Appendix: B

THE PLACE-NAMES OCCURRING IN THE VERSE

[The “learned terms” in Book vii. are not included.]

=Aenloch= [_Énloch_, L.L. 245ᵇ10]. I adopt this form in L.L. which means “bird-lake,” and have supposed it to be somewhere to the north or north-west of Croohan. Elsewhere (See L.L. 31ᵇ29, and Archiv. iii, p. 5) the place of the death and burial of Fergus is called Findloch, “white-lake”; and this, probably, was the lake still called _Findloch_, about seven miles south-east of Croohan. _Énloch for Maig Ai_, “Aenloch on Moy Wee,” is mentioned Silv. Gad. i. 256, but its whereabouts is not indicated.

=Africa= [_Affraic_]. See Windisch, _Táin_, p. 819.

=Alba= [_Alba_]. Scotland.

=Alps.= See Appendix E.

=Ard A´-had= [_Ardachad_]. “High-field.” There were many places so named. This “High-field” comes next after Ath Gowla in the Itinerary L.L. 56.

=Ardcullin= [_Ard Chuillend_, L.L.; _Iraird Cuillend_, L.U.]. In L.U. we are told that this place is called “_Crossa Cúil_ to-day.” _Crossa Cúil_ may perhaps be the village of Crossakeel in Meath, and the pillar-stone may have been on some adjoining height from which a wide view could be obtained. The boundary of ancient Ulster, which extended from the mouth of the Boyne to the point where County Leitrim touches the sea, may very well have passed through this place.

=Ard-keen´-aht= [_Árd Chiannacht_]. The whole of the present barony of Ferrard, in the County Louth, was called _Árd Cianachta_. (See B.R. p. 186, note). But in the _Táin_, _Árd Ciannacht_ seems to apply to some one definite spot.

=Ards of Ulster.= In the _Mesca Uladh_, L.L. 267ᵇ3, we have the words: _Blad briuga mac Fiachna a Temair na hArda_, “Blad (= Blai) the brewy, the son of Fiachna from Tara in the Ards.” This, I feel no doubt, was the very fine earthen fort still called Tara, which crowns a hill at the southern extremity of the Ards peninsula to the east of Strangford Lough. This _Bruiden_ or “house of hospitality” of Blai the Brewy was one of the six most celebrated houses of entertainment in ancient Erin. (See L.L. 112ᵃ4).

=Armenia.= See Appendix E.

=Assal.= See “Road of Assal.”

=Assa-roe´= [_Ess Rúaid_]. The falls at Ballyshannon in County Donegal.

=Ath Carpat= [_Áth Carpait_]. A ford on the Nith. See “Goola Milhy.”

=Ath Cleea= [_Áth Cliath_]. The usual Irish name for Dublin. Cf. L.L. 104ᵃ47, _Dublind rissaraiter Ath Cliath_, “Dublin, which is called Ath Cliath.”

=Ath Faerdeeah= [_Áth Fhir diad_]. “The Ford of Faerdeeah,” now shortened to Ardee, the name of a little town on the river Dee (the ancient Nith) in County Louth. O’Donovan says: “The grave of Ferdiah is shown at Ardee, 14 yards long, 9 or 10 feet wide. About two yards of the tumulus in the middle is cut away, so as to be level with the ground. It lies ... about 80 perches west of Ardee.”

=Ath Fayna= [_Áth Féinne_]. Not an uncommon ford-name. This may be the same as the _Áth fhéne_ of the _Amra Choluim Chille_ (see L.U. 6ᵃ29).

=Ath Frae= [_Áth Fráich_, L.U. 63ᵇ24]. “The Ford of Frae.” Not identified, so far as I know. At L.U. 63ᵇ11 we are told that its former name was _Ath Fúait_; but it was not therefore necessarily near _Sliab Fúait_, for the element _fúait_ enters into various place-names.

=Ath Gowla= [_Áth n-Gabla_]. This has sometimes been spoken of as a ford on the Boyne, but it was not: the host came past Kells and did not go south of the Boyne. At L.L. 59. 31, we are told that it was at “the turlough of the great forest, northward of Knowth of Kings.” Knowth is about two miles east of Slane. A turlough is a lake which dries up in summer. L.U. 58ᵃ33 (gloss) speaks of the pass (_beloch_) through the great forest. Was the turlough a flood-like expansion of the little river Mattock?

=Ath Greena= [_Áth n-grena_]. The older name of _Ath Gowla_.

=Ath Lahan= [_Áth Lethain_]. A ford on the Nith. See “Goola Milhy.”

=Athlone= [_Áth luain_]. “The Ford of the Loin.” The town of Athlone on the Shannon.

=Ath na Foraire= [_Áth na Foraire_]. See “Ford of Watching.”

=Ath Neermeeda= [_Áth n-Irmidi_]. The older name of _Ath Fayna_, which see.

=Ath Tray= [_Áth Traiged_]. “Ford of the Foot.” Said to be in Tir Mór; but but I cannot identify _Tir Mór_.

=Ath Vaeva= [_Áth Medbi_]. “The Ford of Maev.”

=Avvin Maha= [_Emain Macha_]. The ancient capital of Ulster was two miles due west of the present city of Armagh. The great mound, with what remains of its fosse, is now called Navan Ring. A townland to the west of the Ring still bears the name of Creeve Roe. Avvin Maha was destroyed by the three Collas, A.D. 331; and the Ulstermen did not dwell in it afterwards. It has been conjectured that Avvin Maha was Ptolemy’s _Regia_.

=Baeg= [_Bedg_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified. _Bedg_ means “a sudden spring or start.”

=Bally Al´-yone= [_Bélat aileáin_]. “The Crossway of the Island.” (See “Cooley”).

=Banba= [_Banba_]. One of the ancient names for Ireland.

=Barna na darriv= [_Berna na d-tarb_]. “The gap of the bulls.”

=Barna Tána Bó.= (See “Cooley”).

=Ben Edar= [_Bend Etair_]. The Hill of Howth, near Dublin.

=Bill-awn´= [_Bithlán_, _Bithslán_]. “The Ever-full,” or “the Ever-healthful.” One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Billi Vaeva= [_Bile Medba_]. “Maev’s Tree.” _Bile_ means generally a large, venerable or sacred tree.

=Bir= [_Bir_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified. _Bir_ means “a spit.”

=Booan= [_Buan_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified. _Buan_ means “enduring.”

=Boyne= [_Boand_]. The river Boyne, which joins the sea at Drogheda.

=Bray Ross= [_Breg Ross_]. Evidently the district just north of Ardee.

=Bree Aerga= [_Brí Errgi_]. I do not know that this famous place has yet been identified; but I think it should be looked for in County Donegal, not far from Ballyshannon. I take the _Raith Argi_ of Trip. Life, p. 328, to be the same place, and this was in the barony of Tirhugh, County Donegal. Compare Trip. Life, 352, where it is said that the extent of the boundary of St. Patrick’s see was to be: “_a pinna montis Berbicis_ [= probably _Benna Boirche_, the Mourne Mountains] usque ad montem _Mis_ [= Slemish in County Antrim], a monte _Miss_ usque ad _Bri Erigi_, a _Bri Erigi_ usque ad _Dorsos Breg_ [= Drum Bray].” If, as I conjecture, _Raith Argi_ and _Bri Erigi_ were the same place, the extent of St. Patrick’s see, as promised by the angel, was practically to coincide with the extent of ancient Ulster.

=Bregan’s Tower= [_Tor m-Breogain_]. After the Gaels had come from Scythia to Spain, one of their number, Bregan, erected a tower and city which were named after him, Brigantia. It was from this tower that Ith, his son, in the evening of a winter day first perceived Ireland in the distance! (See L.L. 3 and 4). Brigantia was on the coast not far from the modern Betanzos, in Galicia. See the account of O’Donnell’s visit to Bregan’s Tower in 1602. “He was rejoiced to have landed at that place, for he deemed it to be an omen of good success that he had arrived at the place from whence his ancestor had formerly obtained power and sway over Ireland.” (F.M. 1602).

=Brenid= [_Brenide_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified. It probably means “stinking,” “rotten.” Let us hope that the stream belied its name at the time when Cucullin was bathed in it.

=Bressla More= [_Breslech Mór_]. (See the same name, Appendix A.) It must have been somewhere in the northern half of County Louth. _Ath Aladh_ was another name for the same place. Windisch, _Táin_, p. 337, n. 6.

=Britain= [_Bretain_, _Breatain_]. Those western parts of Great Britain which were inhabited by the Britons.

=Bush= [_Buas_]. The river Bush in County Antrim. It was “one of the sovereign waters of Ireland.” See Rev. Celt. xxii. 321.

=Caha= [_Catha_ L.L. 56ᵇ42]. Apparently a river flowing into the Boyne, some way to the west of Slane.

=Cahir Conree= [_Cathir Conruí_]. “The City of Cúrúi.” The remains of this cahir are still to be seen on Slieve Mish, near Tralee, in Kerry. In the Triads (Y.B.L. 415ᵃ2) it is mentioned as one of the Three Doons, or strong places of Ireland, the other two being Dunseverick and Duncermna.

=Callan= [_Calland_]. The river which flows past Armagh, and joins the Blackwater near Moy. It is still called the Callan.

=Cann Teera More= [_Cend Tiri Móir_]. “The Head of the Great Land.” The same term occurs _Rennes_ 66. I do not understand it.

=Carrloig= [_Carrlóig_, L.L. 94ᵇ1]. I think that this place, from which Kehern was to be summoned, was probably an old name for _Dun-Ceithirn_, now the Giant’s Sconce, in the parish of Dunboe, in the north of County Londonderry. Kehern’s father, Finntan, and his grandfather, Niall Niamhghlonnach, lived at _Dún dá bheann_, now Mount Sandel, not very far away. The words _laoch_ and _carn_ occurring in the two last lines of Inda’s Lament (Windisch, _Táin_, p. 639), though they suggest a different etymology, contain, I fancy, an allusion to this place-name. The _Carrlaoigh_ of “Fragments of Irish Annals,” p. 14, and the _Cairloegh_ of F.M. 478, appear to be the same place as the _Carrlóig_ of the _Táin_.

=Carthage.= See Windisch, _Táin_, p. 819.

=Cenannas= [_Cenannas_]. Now Kells, in Meath.

=City of Moorn= [_Cathair Muirne_]. See the full account in “The Martial Career of Conghal Cláiringhneach” (Irish Texts Soc., vol. v.). Is the story founded on an account of Iceland and its volcano by some very early traveller? Fergus was said to be a fortnight and a month sailing to it from Lochlann (Denmark).

=Clahra= [_Clathra_, _Clartha_]. This may possibly be Clara on the Brosna in King’s County; but it is more likely, I think, to be _Caislean Clártha_, now anglicised Clare Castle, which “is situated on a conspicuous hill in the parish of Killare, not far from the celebrated but now poor village of Ballymore Lough Sewdy, in the County of Westmeath.” See F.M. 1544, note _y_.

=Cleer Bó Ulla= [_Clithar bō Ulad_]. “The shelter of the cows of the Ultonians.” Probably somewhere towards the centre of County Louth.

=Cletty= [_Cleittech_]. This was a famous royal residence “above the brink of the Boyne” not far from Slane.

=Clon-ard´= [_Cluain Iraird_]. On the Boyne about ten miles above Trim. See the account of it in Wilde’s “Beauties of the Boyne.”

=Clō-na-Darriv= [_Clodh na d-tarb_]. “The dyke, or earthen wall, of the bulls.”

=Clonmacnoise= [_Cluain-mic-Nois_]. On the Shannon about nine miles below Athlone.

=Connallia Mweerhevna= [_Conailli Muirthemni_]. See “Moy Mweerhevna.”

=Connaught= [_Connacht_]. The ancient Connacht included the present County of Clare. See O’Mahony’s Keating, p. 88.

=Cooley= [_Cualnge_]. In dealing with the topography of Cooley we are met by two difficulties. The first lies in our ignorance of the exact extent of the ancient Cooley, the Cooley of the Táin. It would seem to have included not only the mountainous Carlingford peninsula in County Louth, but also Slieve Gullion in County Armagh, and the Mourne Mountains in County Down.

Compare =1.= _Echtra Nerai_ (Rev. Celt. x. 224), where there is a poem containing the line _i m-Bairchi hi Cuailgniu_, “in Bairchi in Cooley.” _Bairchi_ seems to mean the Mourne Mountains, the old name of which was _Benna Boirche_ (or _Bairche_).

=2.= _Cóir Anmann_, 269 (I.T.) where _Glenn Samaisce_ is said to be in Cooley. In the Táin we are told that it is in Slieve Gullion.

=3.= Y.B.L. 53ᵃ26, where we are told that the bull on returning to Cooley, “went upon the Road of Meedlougher into _Cuib_. It is there that he used to be with the dry kine of Dawra.” _Cuib_ is “Moy Cova” in the baronies of Upper and Lower Iveagh in County Down. Hence it seems likely that the house of Dawra may have been on one of the northern slopes of the Mourne Mountains.

Our second difficulty lies in this: we have three versions of the harrying of Cooley. The first is contained in L.L. 69ᵃ44-69ᵇ46. It is the simplest and clearest; but much of the most interesting material is omitted. The other two accounts are in L.U., whose redactor in his usual scholarly manner gives them successively, so that the reader may compare them for himself. The second of these two L.U. accounts is chiefly in poetry, archaic and difficult, and it perhaps represents the oldest Táin-material which has come down to us. To reconcile the topography of these three versions is impossible, though there are some points wherein they seem to agree. Thus, up to the present we have been able to identify hardly any of the places in Cooley. I can only make the following suggestions:—

_Drumenna_ [_Druim En_ L.L., _Druim Féne_ L.U.]. I think this was perhaps the wooded height now called Trumpet Hill, near Ballymascanlan, County Louth. In the very interesting old “map of County Down” by Gerard Kremer-Mercator this hill is marked _Drommena_, and an old woman living near the place told me that in her childhood Irish-speakers called it by this name. The situation would fit the story: it was just on the borders of Cooley and Connallia.

_Slieve Fauhan_ [_Sliab Ocháine_]. If Trumpet Hill was _Druim En_, Slieve Fauhan, whence Cucullin hurled at the camp, must have been one of the higher mountains to the east of it. Now, in Mercator’s map one of these mountains is marked _Slew Wyaghno_, a name which might easily be a corruption of _Sliab Ocháine_. Perhaps the name applied to the whole line of mountains between Ballymakellett and Piedmont. Does it still survive? I failed to find it.

_Glen Fauhan_ [_Glend Focháine_]. If the identification of Slieve Fauhan is right, Glen Fauhan was probably the valley of the little river which joins the sea a short mile to the east of Bellurgan Station.

_Glass Crond_ [_Crond_; _Glaiss Cruind_]. It seems likely that this may have been the stream now called the Piedmont River. It issues from the mountain just below the Windy Gap (at “the Long Woman’s Grave”) by which the roadway crosses the Carlingford Peninsula, and it falls into Dundalk Bay.

_Barna Tana Bo Cooley_. If the Piedmont River is Glass Crond, then the famous pass which Maev caused to be made is the above-mentioned Windy Gap.

_Glass Colpa_ [_Glaiss Colptha_]. This seems to be the same as the _Aband cholpthai i cualngiu_ of L.L. 110ᵇ33 (the story of Goll and Garb). But I cannot identify it.

These are all the suggestions I can make.

The account of the harrying of Cooley which I give in Book viii. is a much abbreviated conflation of the three versions described above. Those, therefore, who wish to work at the topography of Cooley, will not find help in it; they must work from original sources.

=Cool Shibrilly= [_Cúil Sibrilli, Cúil Sibrinni_]. Said in the Táin to be south-west of Kells. According to F.M., A.M. 3991, _Dún Chuile Sibrinne_ was an old name for Kells.

=Cool Shillinny= [_Cúil Silinne_]. Now Kilcooley, only four miles or so to the south-east of Croohan. See F.M. 1418.

=Corann= [_Corann_]. This territory is now represented by the barony of Corran in County Sligo.

=Corcum-roe´= [_Corcumruad_]. Now represented by the barony of Corcumroe in County Clare; but in ancient times the territory of Corcumroe included Burren.

(The) =Corry of Glenn Gatt= [_Dub cairiu glinni Gatt_. L.U. 65ᵃ21]. See “Cooley.”

(The) =Craggs of Manann= [_Cairrge Manann_]. Rocks on the coast of the Isle of Man.

=Crannig= [N. _Crandach_; G. _Crandche_; D. _Crandaig_]. In making Crannig the old name of Faughard, I was relying on L.L. 73ᵃ47-51; but in reality _Crandach_, “the Woody Place,” seems to be used somewhat vaguely; and it may have been applied to a good stretch of country.

=Crithny= [_Cruithnech_]. The Land of the Picts. The Irish Picts were settled in the ancient _Dál araidhe_, namely, the southern half of County Antrim and the northern part of County Down.

=Croagh Patrick= [_Cruach-Phádruig_]. A high mountain on the southern side of Clew Bay in County Mayo. On a clear afternoon it may be seen from Rath Croohan, fifty miles to the east of it.

=Cromma= [_Cromma_]. Apparently a river flowing into the Boyne a little to the west of Slane.

=Croohan= [_Cruachan_ or _Rath Cruachan_]. The ancient capital of Connaught, now Rathcroghan, near Bellanagare in County Roscommon. Many mounds and raths are still to be seen there, as well as the ancient royal burial-field and the pillar-stone over the grave of Dawthy.

=Cullin= [_Cuilend_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Is it the Cully Water which flows southward from County Armagh into County Louth to the west of Forkill?

=Cumung= [_Cumung_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified. _Cumung_ means “narrow,” “constricted.”

=Dalriada= [_Dál riada_]. The northern part of County Antrim. See the account of it, Reeves, p. 318.

=Deehaem= [_Dichaem_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Delind= [_Delaind_]. A river crossed by the hosts on their way eastward to Kells. Not identified.

=Delt= [_Delt_]. A river crossed by the hosts on their way eastward to Kells. Not identified.

=Delt= [_Delt_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. It may possibly have been the _Doailte_ in _Crich Roiss_ which is mentioned F.M., A.M. 4169. _Crich Roiss_ was partly in the barony of Farney in County Monaghan, and partly in the adjoining portion of County Louth.

=Dooglass= [_Dubglass_]. “The black stream.” One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Doolough= [_Dubloch_]. “The black lake.” Somewhere between Kilcooley and Slieve Bawne in County Roscommon.

=Doon Borrig= [_Dún Borraig_]. This famous fortress was on the headland of Torr in County Antrim, a point at which there are only about twelve miles between the coasts of Ireland and Scotland. It would now be pronounced “Dunwarry” or “Dunvarry.” See the very interesting account, O’Lav. iv. 479 and 520.

=Doon Dalgan= [_Delga_ L.U. 68ᵃ8; _go Dun Dealgan_ C.R.R. 66]. Now anglicised Dundalk. The ancient doon, now called the Castletown Moat, is about a mile inland.

=Doon Feea= [_Dún-fidhgha_; _Dûn fiodhaigh_]. “The doon of the wood, or thicket.” Perhaps near Loch Etive.

=Doon Finn= [_Dún Finn_]. “The white doon.” Perhaps near Loch Etive.

(The) =Doon of the Sons of Nahta Scaena= [_Dún mac Nechtáin Scéne_]. O’Curry says this was “on the right bank of the little river Mattock, where it falls into the Boyne.” See M. and C. ii., p. 292. This doon is mentioned in the _Dindsenchas_. See Rev. Celt. xvi., p. 83; but outside the Táin, I remember no other reference to it.

=Drong= [_Drong_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Drum Bray= [_Druimne Breg_ T.E. § 38.] = Slieve Bray [_Sliab Breg_]. A line of low heights stretching across the barony of Upper Slane in Meath and the barony of Ferrard in Louth, and forming the northern watershed of the Boyne.

=Drumenna=. See under “Cooley.”

=Drum Keen= [_Druim Cáin_, L.L. 56ᵇ20]. “The fair or beautiful ridge.” There were many places so named.

=Drum Leek= [_Druimm Licci_]. “The ridge of the flagstone.” Somewhere near Slane.

=Drum-na-darriv= [_Druim na d-tarbh_]. “The ridge of the bulls.”

=Drum Saulinn= [_Druim Salaind_, L.L.; _Druim Sálfind_, L.U.]. Is this Drumshallon about six miles north of Drogheda? It seems possible.

=Dunseverick= [_Dún Sobairche_]. About three miles east of the Giant’s Causeway in County Antrim. One of the Three Doons of Ireland. (Triads, Y.B.L. 415ᵃ2).

=Duv= [_Dub_]. “The Black.” The first river passed after leaving Kells. Therefore, almost certainly, the Blackwater.

=Edon More= [_Eo dond mór_]. “The great brown tree.” Somewhere towards the middle of County Louth. Probably the same place as that in which the battle of _Euduind móir_ was fought. See F.M. 590.

=Erin= [N. _Eriu_; G. _Erend_; D. _Erind_] Ireland. I have adhered to the dative form, which has already been adopted in English.

=Farney= [_Fernmag_]. “The plain of alders.” Now the barony of Farney in County Monaghan.

=Faughard= [_Fochaird_]. The height still called Faughard about three miles north of Dundalk.

=Fauhan.= See under “Cooley.”

=Fawl= [_Fál_]. An old name for Ireland. See L.L. 261ᵃ37. Sometimes we have _Inis Fáil_, “the Island of Fál.” The name was derived from the _Fál_ or _Lia Fáil_ in Tara, “the stone that used to roar under the feet of every king that would take possession of Ireland.” See Rev. Celt. xv. 281 and 285.

=Fedain Collna= [_Fedain chollna_, Y.B.L. 50ᵃ28]. This must have been somewhere near Clahra, which see.

=Fĕven= [_Femen_]. The Plain of Femen was in the south of Tipperary. It is now the barony of Iffa and Offa East. I do not know whether the famous Sheemound of Bove has been identified or not; but see _Ac. na Sen_. 2775, where we are told that in somewhat later times it was called _Sidh ban find_, “the Shee-mound of white women.” O’Donovan says that _Sliabh na mban bhfionn_, “the mountain of the white women,” was the ancient name of Slieve-na-man; so, probably, it was this striking mountain which was the residence of Bove.

=Findabair.= (See under “Cooley”).

=Finncarn.= (See under “Slieve Mourne”).

=Finnglass= [_Finnglais_]. “The white stream.” One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Finnglass= [_Finnglass Assail_]. A river crossed by the hosts. Not identified. See “Road of Assal.”

=Finngower= [_Fingabair_]. Probably in Slieve Foo-id; for at L.L. 89ᵇ26 Fingin is said to be at _Leccain Sleibe Fúait_.

=Fo-dromma= [_Fodromma_]. This seems to be a river flowing into the Boyne very close to Slane.

=Ford of Bercna= [_Áth Bercna_]. Probably to the north-west of Croohan, near Bellanagare or Frenchpark. See also _Ac. na Sen._ 7862.

=Ford of Coltna= [_Áth Coltna_]. This seems to be connected with _Coltain_ L.L. 56ᵇ15, and _Móin Coltna_ L.L. 58ᵃ17. It must have been somewhere near Slieve Bawne, and south-east of Croohan.

=Ford of Moga= [_Áth Moga_]. A ford over the river Suck. Now Ballymoe, about ten miles south-west of Croohan.

=Ford of Shlissen= [_Áth Slissen_]. A ford over the Owenure River, near Elphin, now Bellaslishen Bridge. See F.M. 1288. It is about six miles to the north-east of Croohan.

=Ford of the two Magic Deeds= [_Áth da Ferta_, Y.B.L. 55ᵃ23, cf. _vadum duarum virtutum_ (_Mirabilium_), An. Ulster 818]. At L.L. 79ᵇ7 this ford is said to be in Slieve Foo-id. Elsewhere it is said to be in Moy Mweerhevna. Therefore, probably, it was at a point where the hills (Slieve Foo-id) join the plain (Moy Mweerhevna) on the southern border of the barony of Upper Fews in County Armagh.

=Ford of Watching= [_Áth na Foraire_]. This was evidently on the road between Avvin Maha and Loch Ahtra (Lake Muckno). Outside the _Táin_ I remember no reference to _Áth na Foraire_; but there are many references to _Carn na foraire_, “the Cairn of Watching”; and the latter may perhaps be identified with Carnagh, a hill about four miles south of Keady. This hill must have commanded a wide view towards the territory of Mourne and the sometimes hostile sub-kingdom of Farney in the south.

=Gan´-a-win= [_Gáinemain_]. “The sandy.” One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Gaul.= See the remarks by Dr. Kuno Meyer, Rev. Celt. xi. 438.

=Gawrig= [_Gárech_, dat. _Gárig_]. I think the site of the great battle was near Ballymore, in Westmeath. See “Clahra.”

=Glass Colpa= [_Glaiss Colptha_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glass Crond= [_Crond_; _Glaiss Cruind_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glass Gatlig= [_Glaiss Gatlaig_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glen´-a-win= [_Glenamain_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Glen Bray= [_Gleunn mBreogaind_, T.E. § 39]. A glen between Drum Bray and the Boyne. Moy Bray, Glen Bray, &c., are said to have been named after Bregan, the builder of Bregan’s Tower.

=Glen Daw Roo= [_Glenn Da Rúadh_]. Said to be Glendaruel, in Argyle. For an account of the various glens in Argyle, supposed to be those which are described in Daerdra’s song, see “Loch Etive and the Sons of Uisneach,” by the late Dr. Angus Smith.

=Glendomna.= See “Imlee of Glendomna,” Appendix A.

=Glen Etive= [_Glenn Eitchi_]. Glen Etive in Argyle.

=Glen Faer-bay´= [_Glend Firbaith_, L.U. 74ᵃ11]. This must have been close to Faughard.

=Glen Fauhan= [_Glend Focháine_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glen Gatt= [_Glend ngat_, L.U. 65ᵃ23]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glen Law´-ee= [_Glend Láid_]. Said to be Glenlochy in Argyle.

=Glen Massan= [_Glend Masain_]. Said to be Glenmasan, at the head of Loch Striven, in Argyle.

=Glen Samaska= [_Glend na Samaisce_]. “Glen of the heifers.” This must have been close to Slieve Gullion, in County Armagh.

=Glen Taul= [_Glend Táil_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Glen Urkeen= [_Glend Urchán_, _Orchaoin_]. Said to be Glenorchy, in Argyle.

=Glore= [_Gleóir_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Goola Milhy= [_Guala Muilchi_]. On the river Dee (the ancient _Nith_). Is this the townland of Drumgoolestown between Dromin and Stabannan in County Louth?

=Gower= [_Gabair_]. Perhaps to the west of Loch Neagh. See _Fir Gabrae_, Trip. Life, Index.

=Granard= [_Granard_, L.U. 57ᵃ30 _gloss_]. The town of Granard, in the east of County Longford.

=Great Greece.= See Appendix E.

=Great Snowy Land.= See Appendix E.

=Greece.= See Appendix E.

=Grellah Cul´-găry= [_Grellach Culgairi_]. “The miry place of the chariot-noise.” One gathers from _Táin Bo Regamna_ that this was the old name for Grellah Dollud, which see.

=Grellah Dollud= [_Grellach Dolluid_]. O’Donovan (F.M. 693, note) suggests that this place was Girly near Kells. But _Tochmarc Emire_ and _Táin Bo Regamna_ show clearly that it was somewhere in Moy Mweerhevna.

=Grey Lake= [_Lind Liath_]. Somewhere in Slieve Foo-id.

(The) =Height of Willows= [_Árd na Sáilech_]. Now Armagh, cf. Trip. Life, ii. 473.

(The) =Hill of Usna= [_Uisneach_]. In the barony of Rathconrath, in Westmeath. “The reputed centre of Ireland.”

=Ilgawrig= [_Ilgáirig_]. See “Gawrig.”

=Imlee of Glendomna.= See Appendix A.

=Immil.= See “Loch Laery.”

=Innish Cooscree= [_Inis Cuscraid_]. Now Inch, near Downpatrick.

=Innish Draiguen= [_Inis Draigen_]. Perhaps “a projecting rocky land called _Ruadh nan Draighnean_,” near Bunawe, in Argyle. See “Loch Etive and the Sons of Uisneach.”

=Inn´-yone= [_Indeóin_]. This was the old name of the Dungolman River, which separates the baronies of Rathconrath and Kilkenny West, in Westmeath. It seems to mark the southern limit of “the long devious course” by which Fergus led the hosts.

=Inver Colpa= [_Inbher Colptha_]. The estuary of the Boyne.

=Iona= [_I Choluim Chille_]. An island off the Ross of Mull in Scotland. Of great fame in connexion with St. Columba.

=Irrus Domnann= [_Irros Domnand_]. Now the barony of Erris in County Mayo.

=Islands of the Athishec.= See Appendix E.

=Islands of the Foreigners= } [_Insi-Gall_]. The Hebrides, or Western
=Islands of the Gall= } Isles of Scotland.

=Isles of Gat= [_Indsi Gaid_, Y.B.L. 46ᵃ27]. When writing, I understood these to be the same as the _Insi Cadd_ of C.R.R. p. 10, and the _Insi Cat_ of G. and G., p. 152, namely, the Shetland Islands; and I recast the passage. But Dr. Windisch (_Táin_, p. 722) quite rightly, I think, understands them to be the Islands of Cadiz. The sentiment expressed by Fergus is not affected by the difference!

=Isles of Orc= [_Indsi Orcc_, Y.B.L. 46ᵃ26]. The Orkney Islands.

=Kell Cooan= [_Caill Cuan_]. “The Wood of Cooan.” I cannot identify this; but there was a high road leading to it from Moy Mweerhevna. _Cuan_ means “a harbour.”

=Kyle Cooan= [_Caill Cuan_]. Somewhere in Argyle. I don’t know whether it has been identified.

=Knowth= [_Cnogba_]. A great tumulus on the Boyne, a couple of miles east of Slane. In the Triads the Cave of Knowth is one of the three Dark Places of Erin.

=Land of Sorca= [_Tír na Sorcha_; _Tír Sorcha_]. A supernatural country, the same as _Tír Tairngiri_, “the Land of Promise.” In the story called _Serglige Conculaind_ (L.U. 43-50) it is described in very beautiful poetry: the name occurs at L.U. 48ᵃ41.

(The) =Larguey= [_Lerga_]. _Lerga_ means “a slope,” “a hillside,” and is found in very many place-names in Ulster. The Larguey of Book xi. must have been close to the place afterwards called the Bressla More.

=Leek More= [dat. _ic Líic Móir_]. Not identified.

=Leesa Leek= [_Liasa liac_]. See under “Cooley.”

=Le-Glass= [_Lethglais_, _Dún Leithglaisse_]. Now Downpatrick. The great doon of Keltar, which has given its name, “Down,” to the whole country, may still be seen there.

=Leinster= [_Lagen_]. An ancient name for Leinster was _Gailean_. In the _Táin_ the men of Leinster are called the _Galeóin_.

=Letteree= [_Leitir-Ruige_]. Unfortunately I have not read the _Cath Leitreach-Ruige_, of which there is a copy, R.I.A. 23 k. 37. It may supply data for the identification of this place.

=Lind Format.= See Appendix E.

=Loch Ahtra= [_co Fertais Locha Echtrand_]. Now Muckno Lake, County Monaghan. See F.M., A.M. 2535, note t.

=Loch Etive= [_Loch Eitche_]. Loch Etive in Argyle.

=Loch Laery= [_Loch Laoghaire_, Haliday’s Keating, p. 390]. This must have been Belfast Lough. Compare “Death-Tales of Ulster Heroes” by Dr. Kuno Meyer, p. 22, and “Deaths of some Irish Heroes” by Dr. Stokes, Rev. Celt, xxiii, pp. 320, 325, 335: from these passages we learn that the house of the great Laery the Victorious was on the brink of _Loch Lái_, _Loch Laogh_, _Loch Láig_, _Loch Lóig_, all various spellings of the old name for Belfast Lough. The country near his house was called _Críoch Láoghaire Bhuadhaigh_, “the Territory of Laery the Victorious.” In the _Táin_ the name of his rath is variously given as _Immiailli_, _Impail_, _Ráith Imbil_, _Ráith Impail_, &c., a name which possibly, I think, contains an allusion to its situation on the edge of the sea, for _Imbel_ means “an edge,” “a border.” I would suggest that it may have been at Carnalea, the last syllable of which name is probably derived from the ancient name of the Lough.

=Loch-na-darriv= [_Loch-na-d-tarb_]. “The lake of the bulls.”

=Loch Ree= [_Loch Rí_]. Lough Ree, an expansion of the Shannon.

=Loo´-a-her= [_Luachair_]. Perhaps Slieve Lougher near Castleisland in County Kerry.

=Loolohta Lōha= [dat. _Luglochtaib Loga_]. In “_The Battle of Magh Rath_,” p. 52, we are told that the _bruighean_ of Forgall Mona was _i taeb Lusca_ “beside Lusk” (County Dublin).

=Maeda of the Bird= [_Méide ind eóin_]. } These places must have
=Maeda of the Squirrel= [_Méide in togmaill_]. } been near the middle
of the County Louth.
_Méide_ means “a neck.”

(The Three) =Maels of Meath= [_na tri Maela Mide_]. There is a reference to these Silv. Gad. i. 308; but I cannot identify them.

(The Three) =Maels of Connaught= [_na tri maoláin Atha Luáin_, “the three Maels of Athlone”]. These must be three hills close to Athlone, on the Connaught side.

=Meath= [_Mide_]. The ancient Meath contained the present counties of Meath and Westmeath and much territory besides. See O’Mahony’s Keating, p. 86.

=Meedlougher=. See “Road of Meedlougher.”

=Meelic= [_Miliuc_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Mone Coltna= [_Móin Chóiltrae_, L.U. 57ᵃ9]. This seems to be the same place as the _Coltain_ of the Itinerary L.U. and L.L. Apparently a moor between Slieve Bawne and the Shannon.

=Mooah= [_Muach_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Mound of Ercmon= [_Sid Ercmon_, Celt. Zeit. 241]. In the unedited _Coga Fergusa agus Conchobar_, “Wars of Fergus and Conor,” R.I.A. 23 k. 37, there is a _Síodh Ealcmar_, which may be the same place; but I cannot identify it.

=Mourne= [_a Moduirn atúaid_, L.L. 98ᵃ42]. It seems likely that this territory of Munnrower son of Guerkind was _Mughdhorn Breagh_, “Mourne of Bray,” which was partly in Cavan, partly in Meath. Munnrower met his death “in his own lake,” Loch Munreamair (Rev. Celt. xxiii, 327) now Lough Ramor, County Cavan. At L.L. 114ᵃ38 he is called _Munremur lond Locha Sáil_; and _Loch Sáil_ seems to be _Loch Sailind_, now Lough Sheelin, not far from Lough Ramor.

=Movilla= [_Magh bhile_]. Near Newtownards in County Down.

=Moy Bray= [_Magh Breagh_]. Used vaguely for the whole of the comparatively level country between Dublin and Kells and Dundalk.

=Moy Cova= [_Magh Cobha_]. The plain north-west of the Mourne Mountains, in the baronies of Upper and Lower Iveagh, County Down.

=Moy Cronn= [_Magh Cruinn_]. This would seem to have been part of Moy Wee.

=Moy Innish= [_Magh Inis_]. Now the baronies of Upper and Lower Lecale in County Down.

=Moy Linny= [_Magh Line_]. Chiefly in the barony of Upper Antrim, County Antrim.

=Moy Mweerhevna= [_Magh Muirthemne_]. The level plain in the north of County Louth.

=Moy-na-darriv= [_Magh-na-d-tarbh_]. The plain of the bulls.

=Moy Thooaga= [_Mag Tuaga_]. Somewhere in Connaught.

=Moy Traega= [_Mag Trega_]. The level country in the barony and county of Longford.

=Moy Twirra= [_Mag Tuireadh_]. Near Lough Arrow in the barony of Tirerrill, County Sligo. See F.M., A.M. 3330, note s.

=Moy Wee= [_Mag Ái_, _Mag Aei_]. The plain in County Roscommon on which Rath Coohan was situated. It extended from Ballymoe to Elphin, and from Bellanagare to Strokestown.

=Munster= [_Muma_].

=Murrisc= [_Muiresc_]. The barony of Murrisk in County Mayo.

=Nemud= [_Nemud_]. Somewhere in Slieve Foo-id. It may be the same place as the _nemed_ in Trip. Life, p. 240.

=Nith= [_Nith_]. The ancient name of the river of Ardee. See F.M., A.M. 4169, note. Now called the Dee.

=Ohawn= [_Ochun_, _Ochuind_]. This seems likely to be the _Ochonn_ of Meath, where Niall of the Nine Hostages was buried. (See Rev. Celt. xv, p. 295.) I don’t know whether it has been identified.

=Ollbinni= [_Ollbine_, _Ailbine_. T.E. § 46]. The river Delvin, which falls into the sea at Gormanstown a little north of Balbriggan. See Reeves, Col., p. 108, note d.

=Ooanub= [_Uanabh_, _Uanuib_]. Is this the White River between the baronies of Ferrard and Ardee in County Louth?

=Oorawn Garad= [_Uarán Garad_]. In O’Donovan’s map of Hy Many this is marked due south of Croohan. Our old literature contains some singularly charming references to this well.

=Orkill= [_Oircel_, _Orcel_]. Now Forkill; the valley of the Forkill river, west of Slieve Gullion in County Armagh.

=Oughter Netmon= [_Ouchter Nedmon_]. Somewhere a little to the north of Drum Bray.

=Partry= [_Partraigi_]. Does this name still survive a little to the south-west of Kells?

=Pass of Awny= [_Belach náne_, L.U. 63ᵇ7]. _Belach_ being a neuter noun, I take the following _n_ to be “transported.” Not identified so far as I know.

=Poopal Vaeva= [_Pupall Medba_]. “Maev’s tent.”

=Raeda Lōha= [_Réde Loche_]. See under Cooley.

=Rath Aerheer= [_Ráith Airthir_]. “The Eastern Fort.” There was a _Ráith Airthir_ close to Taltin (See Trip. Life, p. 70), but this was not in Farney, of which Owen was king.

=Rath Immil.= See “Loch Laery.”

=Rathlin= [_Rachriu_]. A large island off the northern coast of Antrim. An old name for it was _Inis Cuilinn_.

=Rath-na-darriv= [_Ráith na dtarbh_]. “The rath of the bulls.”

=Reedonn= [_Rígdond_]. Is this the same place as that in which St. Patrick afterwards founded his church of _Domnach Rígduind_, “The church, or cathedral, of Rígdond”? _Domnach Rígduind_ was in the south of County Derry, between Slieve Gullion and Loch Neagh. See Trip. Life, p. 169, and Reeves, p. 294. At Y.B.L. 47ᵇ45, the place whence Rohee came is called _Brig dumae_.

=Rind= [_Rind_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Road of Assal= [_Slighe Asail_]. One of the great high roads of ancient Ireland. It ran from Tara westwards, at least as far as _Tig Lommain_ (now Portloman) on the western shore of Lough Owel, in Westmeath. See L.U. 6ᵃ31-33.

=Road of Meedlougher= [_Slighe Midhluachra_]. One of the great high roads of ancient Ireland. It ran northward from Tara; and from various passages in the literature (especially Y.B.L. 53ᵃ26) we are able to gather that it went through the western part of Cooley—perhaps through the Moyry Pass—and so past Newry into Moy Cova.

=Sawss= [_Sás_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Saxon land= [_Saxain_]. England. But the Saxons had not come to Britain at the time when the _Táin_ took place. The first mention of Saxons in F.M. is under the year 683 A.D.

=Sayer= [_Saighir_]. Now Seir-kieran, about six miles to the east of Parsonstown, in the King’s County.

=Scythia.= See Appendix E.

=Seel= [_Síl_]. Somewhere in Lecale, in County Down.

=Shannon= [_Sionainn_]. The river Shannon.

=Slahta= [_Slechta_]. To the south-west of Kells. Does the name survive?

=Slane= [_Sláne_]. The town of Slane, on the Boyne.

=Slane of Meath= [_Slemain Mide_]. “Now divided into Slanebeg and Slanemore, two townlands in the parish of Dysart, County Westmeath.” An. Ulster i., p. 33, note. An adjoining townland is called Slanestown. This district is about three miles to the west of Mullingar.

=Slawnga= [_Slánge_]. The ancient name of Slieve Donard, the highest of the Mourne Mountains.

=Slieve Bawne= [_Badbgna_]. “A mountainous territory extending from Lanesborough to Rooskey, on the west side of the Shannon, in the County of Roscommon.” F.M. 678, note.

=Slieve Bray= [_Slíab Breg_]. See “Drum Bray.”

=Slieve Fauhan= [_isin tsléib tuath ochaíne_, L.U. 67ᵃ15]. See under “Cooley.”

=Slieve Findabair= [_Findabair Slebe_]. There were many places named Findabair. I cannot identify this one. The name is usually anglicised Fennor.

=Slieve Foo-id= [_Slíab Fúait_]. This name seems to have been applied vaguely to almost all the mountainous country west and north-west of Slieve Gullion, in the southern half of County Armagh. One could make a long list of names of places which in our old literature were said to be “in Slieve Foo-id.”

=Slieve Gullion= [_Sliab Culind_]. A striking mountain in the barony of Upper Orior, County Armagh. See under “Cooley.”

=Slieve Mourne= [_Sliab Moduirn_]. A country of low hills in the southern part of the barony of Cremourne, County Monaghan. Finncarn, “the white cairn,” must have been on a height which commanded a wide view towards the south.

=Spain= [_Espain_].

=Suir= [_Siúir_]. The river which forms the northern boundary of County Waterford.

=Tahg= [_Tadg_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Taltin= [_Taltiu_; dat. _Tailtin_]. Now Teltown, on the Blackwater between Kells and Navan. A very famous place in ancient Erin.

=Tamlaht Orlam= [_oc Tamlactain órláib_, L.L. 68ᵃ28]. Said in L.L. to be to the north of _Disert Lochad_, but where was this? _Tamlachta_ means a plague-grave. Near Drumshallon, to the west, there is a townland called _Kiltallaght_. Was this the place?

=Tara= [_Temair_]. The ancient capital of Ireland. In the barony of Screen, County Meath.

=Tara in the Ards.= See “Ards of Ulster.”

=Tara of Cooley.= See under “Cooley.”

=Teffia= [_Tethba_]. North and south Teffia were large territories, the boundaries of which doubtless varied at different periods. In early times the river Inny, which flows into Lough Ree, divided north Teffia from south Teffia. See B.R., p. 11.

=Telamet= [_Telaméit_]. One of Cucullin’s rivers of healing. Not identified.

=Thromma= [_Tromma_]. A river evidently flowing into the Boyne close to Slane. In F.M. 512 there is mention of a _Sidh Truim_ close to Slane. The names are probably connected. Sidh Truim is also mentioned L.U. 47ᵃ33.

=Toom Mona= [_Tóm Mona_, _Tuaim Mona_]. Now Toomona, two or three miles south of Rath Croohan. See the interesting note, F.M. 1488, note _a_.

=Tyrrhene Sea= [_Muir Toirrian_]. See Appendix E.

=Ulster= [_Ulaid_]. The boundary of ancient Ulster extended from the estuary of the Boyne to the river Drowes, which flows from Lough Melvin into Donegal Bay. In the Táin, however, _Ulaid_ is occasionally used in a more restricted sense, and seems to apply only to the north-eastern corner of Ireland, Antrim and Down and Armagh.

=Wave of Cleena= [_Tond Chlidna_]. In Glandore Harbour, County Cork. See the very interesting note by O’Donovan, F.M. 1557.

=Wave of Rury= [_Tond Rudraige_]. In the Bay of Dundrum, County Down. This place was also called _Inbhear n-Gaoth_, “the River-mouth of Winds.” See I.T.S. v. 168.

=Wave of Thooig Inver= [_Tond Tuage Inbir_]. At the mouth of the Bann, in County Derry.