Chapter XXXI: Part II: The Struggle for Possession, 1700–1832

For the struggle between France and England Parkman’s _Half Century of Conflict_ (2 vols.), _Montcalm and Wolfe_ (2 vols.), and _Conspiracy of Pontiac_ (2 vols.) give the best connected account. S. Farmer’s _History of Detroit and Michigan_, A. Hulbert’s _The Niagara River_, and other local histories of Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Niagara, as well as chronicles of the war, contribute to this history. Mr. C. M. Burton has published a very interesting pamphlet on _Cadillac’s Village, or Detroit under Cadillac_, which is the result of his own research in the records of this time. Besides Parkman’s two-volume story of the _Conspiracy of Pontiac_, it is well to read Major Robert Rogers’ _Journals of the Siege of Detroit_, and _Concise Account of North America, 1765_, and also a _Diary of the Siege of Detroit_, edited with other documents by F. B. Hough, and _The Gladwin Manuscripts_, edited by Charles Moore. Alexander Henry tells his own story in _Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories_, 1809.

For the period of the war between England and America, Henry Adams’ _History of the United States, 1800–1817_ (9 vols.), is the authority. T. Roosevelt in his _The Winning of the West, 1777–1807_ (5 vols.), gives his fifth volume to _St. Clair and Wayne_. There are three standard works on the naval part of the war, J. Barnes’ _Naval Actions of the War of 1812_, Roosevelt’s _The Naval War of 1812_, and A. T. Mahan’s _Sea Power in its Relations to the War of 1812_ (2 vols.). There are many contemporary accounts of the battles and defences of the leading participants, such as _The Defence of Brigadier-General Hull Written by Himself_, 1814. Three leading documents of the Chicago massacre are the _Narrative of the Massacre at Chicago, 1844_, supposed to be the Kinzie account, _The Chicago Massacre in 1812_, which is the Heald account, written at a much later date by Joseph Kirkland, and an anonymous document in the _Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections_, viii, 648–652. The Black Hawk War is treated in all histories of the time. The material about Black Hawk himself is gathered from B. Drake’s _Life and Adventures of Black Hawk_ (7th ed., 1846), _Life of Black Hawk, Dictated by Himself_, 1834, and S. G. Drake’s _Book of the Indians_ (8th ed., 1841), which has also accounts of Pontiac and Tecumseh. R. G. Thwaites’ _How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest_, has an essay on the Black Hawk War, as well as other interesting essays on this period. Randall Parrish’s _Historic Illinois_ should be mentioned in this connection as the best book of its kind on this whole region, with a clear account of the events that took place in Illinois and a graphic picture of pioneer conditions.

The biographies of Cass and Wayne are valuable. The two contemporary books on Cass are W. L. G. Smith’s _The Life and Times of Lewis Cass_, and W. T. Young’s _Life and Public Services of Lewis Cass_. A. C. McLaughlin has written a good biography with the title, _Lewis Cass_, for the American Statesman Series. John R. Spears is the author of a biography of _Anthony Wayne_, 1903.