Chapter XXVII: The Wind-Up

It was April 10th, 1865, the last day of the Constitutional Convention. As, in the morning, the Convention began listlessly and wearily to do the formal and necessary things before its final adjournment, a telegram was received announcing the surrender of General Lee on the preceding day to General Grant at Appomattox. The effect was electric. In a flash all dulness and languor fled. For the nonce all differences of opinion vanished. All hearts were surcharged with patriotic emotion. The die was cast. The integrity of the Union was assured. From all parts of the hall came shouts of joy; delegates and spectators vied with each other in expressions of gladness. They clapped, stamped and cried, “The Union forever!” Mr. Drake, the leader of the Convention, finally got the ear of the rejoicing patriots and gravely moved that they give cheers three times three “for the glorious news just now received.” They were given with full lung power. Those nine hurrahs brought the members of the Convention to quietude once more, and they proceeded by resolution to thank “Almighty God for the success of our noble and patriotic army and navy; for the steady and persistent perseverance of our noble President in the work of breaking the power of the rebellion; and especially for the noble and humane disposition which has been manifested by our authorities to our conquered enemy.” But they also declared, that they were not ready “to sanction any terms of peace which will admit of the perpetuation of slavery in any part of the Republic.” While this last resolution was well enough as an expression of opinion, it showed, at the very last, a disposition on the part of the Convention to get beyond its jurisdiction and attempt to shape the policy of the general government. Its remaining routine work was soon done. Its life ended. But the city and State, rejoicing over the close of the war, scarcely noted it. Those who did notice its termination were twice glad; glad that it had adjourned _sine die_ and that national peace, founded in justice, had come.

That 10th of April was memorable not only for the whole nation, but also especially for St. Louis. A border city, which, for four long years, had been a bone of contention, fought over and snarled over by the dogs of war, had perhaps a keener appreciation of the surrender of the illustrious Lee, than could be found in any city far to the north of Mason and Dixon’s line. At all events no pen however able and eloquent could adequately depict our joy on the day which followed Grant’s final victory in Virginia. No business was done, except that which was most necessary and perfunctory. Men spontaneously gathered in crowds, their faces radiant, their lips rippling with smiles; they shook hands with firm grip; with tears starting in their eyes they talked of the surrender; all bitterness seemed to be gone; there was little or no exultation over those who had laid down their arms; men on every hand just brimmed over with gladness that the fratricidal strife had ended, and that slavery, the fruitful cause of our greatest woes, was no more.

And it was remarkable how few secessionists there were in our city on that day. During the four preceding years they had been alarmingly numerous, but now only a very few could be found; they had been strangely and magically transformed into Unionists. Even those who for four years had sat on the fence hopped off on the Union side, flapped their wings and crowed.

Still our city was not a unit in political thought and sentiment. While Grant’s victory caused the great multitude to rejoice, it was wormwood and gall to the few, who, in spite of disaster to the Confederacy, were still faithful to it. While their neighbors were exultant, they bitterly mourned. The city put on its gala dress. Public buildings and private dwellings were lavishly decorated with red, white and blue. National flags of all sizes were flung to the breeze. But here and there a house was flagless. Within sat sad and sombre secessionists sighing over their shattered hopes. They refused to be comforted. At night once more the bells rang, bands played, bonfires blazed, cannon boomed, and the windows of most buildings, public and private, were illuminated; while in public halls the people gathered to listen to patriotic speeches and to sing the most popular and stirring war songs. “The Star Spangled Banner,” “Rally Round the Flag, Boys,” and “The Soul of Old John Brown,” had a large place in our festivity, while “My Country, ’Tis of Thee,” was sung as the crowning and parting hymn.

But sorrow and tears trod on the heels of joy. April 15th, five days after our exultant celebration of Lee’s surrender, came the astounding news that our great President had been shot the night before at Ford’s Theatre, in Washington, and that he had died in the morning. For an hour or two we were dazed by this sudden and overwhelming calamity. No one thought of doing business. Those who gathered on the Board of Trade did nothing but talk over the crushing national sorrow. Men as if in a dream moved along the streets; few said anything; they dumbly shook hands and passed sadly on; as the most stalwart met, tears started; the city was silent and a pall of gloom rested upon all. Men at last began slowly to drift together in companies upon the streets. They conversed in low but earnest tones. Beneath that calm exterior fierce passion burned.

On Fourth Street a great, excited crowd had instinctively gathered; they, like all others, were talking over the appalling national loss. A stranger passed by. They thought that he expressed himself as pleased with the assassination of Mr. Lincoln. In a moment the pent up fires within them flashed forth. They seized the stranger, beat him, dragged him roughly along the pavement, he all the time pleading to be heard. At last they listened to his statement and were convinced that they had quite misunderstood what they believed to have been a grossly offensive utterance. They were deeply ashamed of what they had passionately done, and humbly apologized for it. But the incident showed that the life of any one in our city, who, on that day, should have openly approved of the murder of the President, would have been indignantly snuffed out.

Throughout the city all flags were at half-mast. On public buildings, churches and private dwellings, the emblems of rejoicing gave place to those of mourning. Public sentiment was such that no one living in the better part of the residential districts dared to withhold the ordinary tokens of the general sorrow. Houses that five days before were conspicuously dark amid the almost universal illumination were now draped in black; some it may be in self-defence, but probably in most cases as the expression of genuine sorrow. Though the Confederacy for which the secessionists of our city had worked and prayed was irretrievably lost, they had at least come to respect Mr. Lincoln, not only for his unswerving fidelity to what he believed to be the right, but also for his broad charity, and not a few of them, while still differing from him politically, admired him as a man. They recognized in him a great and generous friend of the South, and so joined with us, on that day of tears, in eulogizing the martyr and denouncing his assassin. The same lips that four years before had scornfully called him clown, the Illinois ape, baboon and gorilla, now praised him. He had not only subdued the rebellion by force of arms, but also by his clearness of conception, fairness in administration, unflinching advocacy of the rights of all, patience and persistence in duty, and large-heartedness, had conquered their inveterate prejudices.

In the afternoon of that day of sorrow, the churches were thrown open, and large congregations met to pray. They poured out their hearts in thanksgiving to God for the unsullied life of the martyred President; for his courage and wisdom in proclaiming liberty to the captive, and freedom to the oppressed. They prayed for his constitutional successor in office, and for God’s blessing on the people both North and South. Nor did they forget the assassin whose wanton act had bowed a nation in grief. In all their utterances they were calm and sane, as men always are when, in submission to the will of God, they commune with Him. At last the curtain of darkness fell on that terrible day, and men with throbbing brows and aching hearts lay down to rest; but to many, if sleep came at all, it came but fitfully. We seemed to be living in a new world. One era of our national life had ended, another had begun. And with ever new experiences our mourning was prolonged as from day to day with the whole Republic we followed in thought the dust of the immortal martyr to its last resting-place at Springfield, Illinois. It was most fitting that it should lie near the home of his early manhood, and in the State that he, in larger measure than any other, had made illustrious.

Thirty days after the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, the Baptist Missionary Societies of the North held, by urgent invitation, their May Meetings in our city. This had been made possible by the war. The churches of this great denomination had long been divided by slavery; but now the delegates from the churches of the North came to hold out the olive branch to their brethren of the South on what had been slave soil. They came by hundreds. The city gave them a royal welcome. Christians of all denominations threw open their doors to them and lavished upon them their hospitality. It was an era of good feeling. Denominationalism and the irritating questions of the war decidedly fell into the background.

But there was another side to the picture. Southern Baptists, except from the national capital, did not come to us. The olive branch seemed to be held out in vain. The brotherly act was even misconstrued. The coming of these Northern missionary societies to our city was regarded as an unwarrantable invasion of Southern soil. Forty years had to pass away, a generation had to die in the wilderness, before, in St. Louis, during the progress of the May Meetings of the same societies, Northern and Southern Baptists, standing face to face, truly fraternized with each other and sang heartily:

“Blest be the tie that binds
Our hearts in Christian love.”

There was one unique incident at the meetings in 1865, that deserves special notice. The name of the martyred President was on all lips. Men were just beginning to understand and appreciate something of his greatness, both of mind and heart. It was whispered in the ears of our guests that an artist of our city, A. J. Conant, had painted, from sittings, a portrait of Mr. Lincoln. He was invited to unveil this portrait before the assembled delegates. He did so. A great and distinguished company greeted it with enthusiasm and cheers; and were specially delighted to hear the artist’s account of what the great President did and said while he kindly sat for his portrait,—what quaint and suggestive stories he told. The portrait was painted before Mr. Lincoln’s first inauguration. His face was then smooth shaven. He had not yet covered up with scraggly whiskers the rugged outlines of his lower jaw, which, from a side view, as some one has said, was shaped like the keel of a three-masted schooner.[114] It is doubtful if any one has produced a better portrait of that strong face with its undertone of sadness.

A little later the Presbyterians held a convention in our city. This too was an outcome of the war. In May, their General Assembly at Pittsburg had enacted some severe and radical measures in reference to slavery and loyalty to the national government. Many Presbyterians, especially of the border States, protested against this. The convention was called to consider the whole question. There were over two hundred delegates, mainly from the North; probably not a score of them were from the border States, including Missouri.[115] The aggrieved States were very slimly represented. The synod of Missouri was so opposed to the legislation of the General Assembly as to ask permission peaceably to withdraw from it. Their request was very earnestly debated. A pastor from Brooklyn, N. Y., joined hands with a pastor of St. Louis in behalf of the recalcitrant synod, urging, by great ingenuity of argument, that the synod should be permitted unmolested to secede. In their impassioned appeals on behalf of the aggrieved synod they were at times so eloquent that the galleries burst out into applause. The ladies waved their handkerchiefs. The style of the brother from our city was often quite flowery. These two defenders of the refractory synod sometimes complained in their speeches that they were not being fairly dealt with, and posed as martyrs; at other times their language became somewhat threatening.

But at last a Scotchman from Ohio got the floor. His speech was replete with mingled humor and sarcasm. The delegates and spectators were at times convulsed with laughter. Among other things he said, with a decided Scotch accent, “Mr. Moderator, the brethren who have defended the synod that wishes to secede have posed as martyrs. What is a martyr? In the time of the early church it was one who suffered for the truth which he believed and advocated. He was thrown to wild beasts and was torn limb from limb; or he was sewed in a sack and thrown into the Tiber, or he was burned at the stake. But what is a modern martyr? It is to live on Brooklyn Heights and be sent to Europe for the bronchitis.” A too personal thrust at the delegate from Brooklyn. “What is a modern martyr? It is to make an eloquent speech in an assembly like this and have the fair in the galleries wave their handkerchiefs. But the speech of the brother from this city brought to my mind an experience of my school days. I wrote an oration and handed it to my teacher for correction. When he had examined it he called me to him and said, ‘Taylor, if you would only pluck a few feathers from the wings of your imagination and stick them into the tail of your judgment, you would write a great deal better.’

“And then, if I heard correctly, we are threatened with disaster if we now vote against permitting this seceding synod to depart in peace. But shall we by threats be deterred from our duty? Having already cut off the seven hydra heads of secession, shall we now be frightened with the wriggle of its tail?”

This was the climax. There was long continued laughter and applause, which the moderator was unable to check. Peaceable secession found no more favor in this Presbyterian Convention than it had found under the general government of the United States. Secession was dead.

At last the end of strife in Missouri had come. It came in fact even before the surrender of Lee. Three days after the second inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, Governor Fletcher declared by proclamation that no organized armed force against the general government any longer existed in the State. He called upon all civil officers to resume their duties. And on the 17th of March, Major-General Pope, then in command of the Department of Missouri, issued orders to aid in carrying out the proclamation of the Governor. He withdrew the military forces from all districts where the people were ready to return in good faith to civil rule, and by August there remained less than a dozen military posts in the State; and these were kept up chiefly for the protection of the property of the Federal government.

And now rejoicing in peace which was based upon righteousness, St. Louis entered upon an era of great prosperity. She grew apace in commerce, wealth and population. No longer, as Carl Schurz characterized her before the war, “a free city on slave soil,” but a great free city on free soil.

THE END.

INDEX

Abolitionists, denounced, 48;
alleged atrocious conduct of, 54;
hated, 161;
two extraordinary, 170–176;
as viewed by Southerners, 252.

Alabama, Governor of, urges secession, 23, 33.

Alton, Illinois, arms landed at, 79;
murder of Lovejoy at, 80;
fugitives from panic in Saint Louis flee to, 111.

Anderson, Reverend Galusha, pastor of Second Baptist Church, 122, 166;
character of his church, 122;
prays for president, 124–126;
outraged by sight of rebel flag, 126;
his congregation sings America, 130;
preaches against secession, 127–130;
attempted attack upon, 131;
prints sermon in Missouri Republican, 133;
marriage of, 131;
visits Cincinnati, 131;
left by secession parishioners, 133–134;
attempt to force resignation of, 136;
preaches first Union sermon in Saint Louis, 137;
preaches so-called “politics,” 139;
his association with Christian secessionists, 141;
one of his deacons won to the Union, 148–149;
his interview with artist of “The Slave Mart,” 156–157;
denounced by Presbyterian editor, 166;
his life threatened, 167–168;
in Washington’s Birthday Parade, 249;
joins Home Guards, 275;
preaches to soldiers, 301;
works in hospitals, 302;
helps conscience-stricken Quaker soldier, 303;
cares for religious work in Fifth Street Hospital, 304–307;
examines teachers for negro schools, 334–335;
preaches confidence in 1864, 339.

Anderson, guerilla leader, 325.

Anderson, Confederate prisoner, 302.

Anderson, Reverend Richard, negro pastor, 176;
early life of, 12;
attitude toward free negro exclusion bill, 13;
pleads for slave mother, 177–178.

Anderson, Reverend S. J. P., mistaken assault upon, 134–135;
preaches on “Ultimatum of the South,” 121, 135.

Army and Brigade Hospitals, 288.

Army, Union, Missouri troops in, 62;
of the Frontier, 274.

Arsenal in Saint Louis, 23, 82, 86;
arms at, 21;
situation of, 63;
fight for, 63–85;
description of, 63;
United States troops in, 64;
threatened attack on, 69;
fortifying of, 69, 73;
two heads to, 70;
rumors about, 74;
plots against, 76, 77, 90;
arms sent from, 77–80;
defense of, by Missourians, 83;
prisoners from Camp Jackson at, 99–102;
munitions from Camp Jackson removed to, 104;
“J. C. Swan” brought to, 118;
draped in black for General Lyon, 212.

Baptist Missionary Societies, hold meetings in Saint Louis, 365;
division among, 365.

Bast, George Y., casts only vote for secession in convention of 1861,
58.

Bates, Edward, President Lincoln’s Attorney-General, 4;
frees his slave, Richard Anderson, 12.

Baton Rouge, arms stolen from, 104, 118.

Battles, Boonville, 202, 288;
Carthage, 288;
Chickamauga, 315;
Davidson, Fort, 328;
Donelson, Fort, 296;
Dug Spring, 288;
Fair Oaks, 124;
Independence, 273;
Lexington, 219;
Pea Ridge, 244;
Pittsburg Landing, 291;
Wilson’s Creek, 211, 288.

Beauregard, General P. G. T., attack of, on Fort Sumter, 74;
street in Camp Jackson named for, 104.

Bell, Major William H., at Arsenal, 66, 67, 94;
pledges himself to General Frost, 66;
ordered to N. Y., 66;
resigns, 67.

Belle Fontaine, the Cemetery, 4;
the Fort, headquarters of Department of Upper Louisiana, 7;
Sac and Fox Indians sell land around, 7.

Benton, Thomas H., most distinguished man in Missouri, 4;
funeral of, 4;
called “The Magisterial,” 4;
United States Senator, 5;
political speeches of, 5;
opposed to nomination of John C. Fremont, 5.

Bitterness of feeling in Saint Louis during the war, 159–169.

Blair, Frank P., 4, 92;
member of Congress and friend to Lyon, 69;
forms Home Guard, 69;
visits President Buchanan, 70;
appeals to Secretary of War in Lyon’s behalf, 73;
in attack on Camp Jackson, 96;
confers with Committee of Safety, 93;
rumor of his intended attack on the state capital, 104;
life of, threatened, 163–165;
proscribed, 169;
in conference with General Lyon and Governor Jackson, 199–201;
opposes Fremont, 222;
becomes conservative, 279.

Blunt, General, drives guerrillas from Missouri, 273.

Bogie, Mr., candidate for Congress, 5.

Boonville, battle of, 202, 203, 288;
panic at, 322.

Border slave states, ignored by seceding states, 60;
kept in Union by Missouri’s loyalty, 62.

Bowen, Colonel, of militia, on Kansas border, 88;
reports to General Frost at Saint Louis, 89.

Breckinridge, Judge S. M., 45.

Broadhead, James O, lawyer, 4;
member of Convention of 1861, 44;
member of Committee of Safety, 92;
attendant at Second Baptist Church, 122.

Brotherton, Marshal, deacon, slaveholder, emancipator, 170–173.

Buchanan, President James, 65, 68, 176;
inactivity of, 32, 34–36, 124;
contrast to President Jackson, 35;
his position repudiated by loyalists, 35;
sends troops to Saint Louis, 64;
refuses Captain Lyon supreme command of the Arsenal at Saint Louis,
70;
prayed for, 124–125.

Buckner, General Simon B., surrenders Fort Donelson, 246.

Bushwhackers in Missouri, 324;
murders by, 325.

Butler, General Benjamin F., 262, 285.

Cairo, fugitives from panic flee to, 111;
military encampment at, 209;
General Grant at, 223;
Sanitary Commission at, 296;
General Smith at, with relief for Missouri, 326.

Calhoun, John C., disciples of, in Convention of 1861, 50–51.

Cameron, Simon, President Lincoln’s Secretary of War, 84, 88;
visits Fremont, 222.

Camp Jackson, 86–105, 106, 119, 126, 159, 169, 181, 198, 203;
for whom named, 89;
fear of, 90–91;
number of men at, 91;
attack upon, 95–98;
prisoners from, 97–99;
results from capture of, 99–103;
character of, 104–105;
streets in, 104.

Canby, General E. R. S., calls for soldiers, 320.

Carthage, battle of, 288.

Cavender, Mr., gives time to Home for Refugees, 293.

Chamber of Commerce, division of, 153–154.

“Charcoals and Claybanks,” 276–287, 341, 342;
radical and conservative Unionists, 277–278;
differences among, 278;
extreme policy of Charcoals, 280–282;
Charcoals oppose General Schofield and Governor Gamble, 283–284;
complain to War Department, 285;
Claybanks favor and oppose General Schofield, 287.

Chicago Convention nominates Abraham Lincoln, 54–55.

Chickamauga, battle of, 315.

Chouteau, Colonel, house of, back from river, 7.

Christian secessionists, 140–141.

Church, see “Pulpit,” “Baptist,” “Presbyterian.”

City General Hospital, 290.

City Hospital, 288.

“City of Alton,” steamer, engaged to carry arms, 77–80.

“City of Louisiana,” fitted as a hospital, 297.

Civil government in Saint Louis inaugurated, 7.

“Claybanks,” see “Charcoals and Claybanks.”

Clayton, Honorable A. M., of Alabama, 119.

Clubs, political, 19–22;
see “Wide-Awakes” and “Minute Men.”

Colonization Society, 175.

Columbus, Kentucky, fugitives from panic flee to, 111;
rebels at, plan to seize Paducah, 223;
Union army there first, 245.

Committee of Safety, 92–93.

Committee on Federal Relations, of Convention of 1861, 53, 49;
reports against secession, 57.

Conant, A. J., unveils Lincoln’s portrait, 366.

Conant, Major, in conference with Lyon and Jackson, 199.

Confederacy, Southern, 71, 82, 87, 105, 119, 147;
formed, 62;
Congress of, votes to admit Missouri, 232;
authorizes Jefferson Davis to raise troops in Missouri, 232.

Confiscation, of war material in Saint Louis, 116;
of the “J. C. Swan,” 118;
of slaves, 218;
by General Curtis, 280.

Constitution of Missouri, new, of 1865, 349, 356;
ratified at polls, 357;
portion of, declared unconstitutional, 359.

Convention of Missouri of 1861, how created, 41–42;
met in Jefferson City, 42–43;
adjourned to Saint Louis, 45;
its composition, 46–48;
pro-slavery in sentiment, 48;
divided on how to preserve slavery, 49;
conditional and unconditional unionists in, 50–52;
organization of, 53;
speech in, by Orr, 54;
action of, on Georgia’s Ordinance of Secession, 55;
opposed by legislature, 56;
sovereign in Missouri, 57, 231;
voted down secession, 58;
adjourned to meet on call of Committee, 58;
came together in July, 227;
established provisional state government, 228;
sustained by Halleck, 235;
required oath of allegiance, 235.

Convention, Radical, of 1865, 342–359;
calling of, 342;
composition of, 343–344;
met in Mercantile Library Hall, 343;
a German as president of, 344;
passed Emancipation Ordinance, 345–346;
made drastic requirements for the franchise, 349–352;
adopted “Oath of Loyalty,” 351–353;
amended the constitution, 349–352, 360–361;
rejoicing in, over Lee’s surrender, 360;
adjourned sine die, April 10, 361.

Cooper, William, commissioner from Alabama, 23.

Crum, Mr., candidate for Congress, 5.

Currency, 268–270;
postage-stamps used as, 269;
“postage currency,” 269;
“fractional currency,” 269;
furs used as, 8.

Curtis, General Samuel R., 274, 280;
drives Price from Missouri, 244;
wins victory at Pea Ridge, 244;
in command at Saint Louis, 274;
favors Charcoals, 280;
confiscations by, 280;
in collision with governor, 281;
removal of, 282, 283.

Davidson, Fort, battle of, 328.

Davis, Jefferson, his letter to Governor Jackson, 87;
cannon solicited from, 88, 94;
street in Camp Jackson named for, 104;
cannon sent by, to Saint Louis, 105;
cheers for, 191;
visited by Governor Jackson, 229;
authorized to raise troops in Missouri, 232;
approves act admitting Missouri to Confederacy, 233.

Decisions for and against the Union, 146–158;
for the Union, 146–149.

Democrats, 20;
on Saint Louis school board, 336.

Divisions, caused by the war, 146–158;
in church, 151–153;
in Chamber of Commerce, 153–154;
between friends, 149–151, 154.

Dix, Dorothea L., superintendent of nurses, 288;
appoints Mr. Yeatman her agent in Saint Louis, 294.

Donelson, Fort, capture of, 246;
Sanitary Commission at, 296.

Douglas, Stephen A., his debates with Lincoln, 11;
champion of squatter sovereignty, 17, 20.

Drake, Charles D., advocate of Oath of Loyalty, “Draconian Oath,” 355;
calls for cheers for Lee’s surrender, 360.

Dryden, John, altered quotation from, 148.

Dug Spring, battle of, 288.

Duke, Basil Wilson, leader of Minute Men, police commissioner, 72.

Eliot, Reverend William G., D.D., 4, 301;
Unitarian, unionist, 121;
of the Sanitary Commission, 289;
description of, 290;
offers prayer of thanksgiving in Convention of 1865, 345–346.

Emancipation, Proclamation of, by President Lincoln, 149;
by individual slave owners, 170–176;
by General Halleck, 241;
Ordinance passed by Missouri Convention of 1865, 345, 356;
celebrated at Saint Louis and Jefferson City, 347–348.

Engler, Mr., banished because of resistance to assessments, 243.

Everett, Edward, delivers oration on Washington, in Saint Louis, 271,
272.

Ewing, General, 327–330;
holds Pilot Knob, 327;
checks Price at Fort Davidson, 328;
retreats to the Meramec, 329;
holds Harrison Station, 329.

Fair, Mississippi Valley Sanitary, held by Western Sanitary Commission,
309–314;
participants in, 309–310;
departments of, 311–312;
Germans in, 311–312;
wide-spread response to appeals for, 310;
success of, 313;
a boon to Saint Louis, 314.

Federal Relations, committee on in convention of 1861, 49, 53, 57.

Filley, Oliver D., mayor of Saint Louis, a friend to Lyon, 69;
member of Committee of Safety, 92.

Flags, absence of, in 1861, 23, 38, 131, 362;
rebel, in street, 38–39, 72, 126,
hauled down, 100,
suppressed by Halleck, 237;
display of Stars and Stripes, 146–147, 159, 248;
on Court-House, 29;
lowered at Sumter, 75;
at the Fair, 313.

Fletcher, Governor T. C., 346;
election of, 341;
proclaims Emancipation Ordinance, 348;
proclaims Revised Constitution, 357;
proclaims end of armed conflict, 368.

Floyd, John Buchanan, of Virginia, Secretary of War, sends arms south,
34.

Foote, Commodore Andrew Hull, at Fort Henry, 245;
at Fort Donelson, 246.

Fort Sumter, fall of, 74, 75;
effect of, in Saint Louis, 75.

Foster, Mr., delegate to convention of 1861, 56.

Freedmen’s Relief Society, organized, 294.

Fremont, John C., offered Republican nomination for President, 5;
Major-General, 206;
his fleet on the Mississippi, 208;
deceived at New Madrid, 209;
at Cairo, 209, 230;
fails to support Lyon, 208–209, 212–213;
praises Lyon, 213;
inefficiency of, 212–213, 219, 223;
declares martial law in Saint Louis, 213,
in Missouri, 217;
frees slaves of the disloyal, 217;
is reproved by Lincoln, 217–218;
fails to reënforce Mulligan, 219;
fortifies Saint Louis, 220;
leaves for Jefferson City, 221;
his campaign in Missouri, 221;
appoints officers and approves bills improperly, 223;
occupies Springfield, 221;
at Jefferson City, 223;
reproved by Secretary of War, 222, 223;
removal of, 224;
confidence in, shown by Germans, 225;
his patriotism, 225;
favored Charcoals, 279;
aids hospitals, 288;
fits up hospital cars, 296.

Frost, General Daniel M., 66, 105;
sketch of life of, 87;
his plans for seizing Saint Louis, 87–90;
his letter to Lyon, 94;
disloyal record of, 94;
a spy, 95;
in command of all Missouri militia, 88;
forms camp at west of city, 89;
learns of Lyon’s plans, 94;
joins rebel army, 94;
surrenders Camp Jackson, 95.

Fugitive Slave Law, execution of, demanded, 52;
a dead letter, 181.

Fur trade, chief trade in Saint Louis, early part of nineteenth
century, 8.

Gallaher, Reverend H. M., attacked, while in pulpit of author, 131.

Gamble, Honorable Hamilton R., chairman of Committee on Federal
Relations, 49, 50, 53;
chosen provisional governor of Missouri, 228;
issues proclamation, 228–229;
calls for state troops, 229;
takes action against guerrillas, 273.

Georgia, Ordinance of Secession of, 55;
commissioner from, visits Missouri officials, 53–56.

Germans in Saint Louis, in 1860, 1;
Republicans, 16;
enter volunteer service, 81;
three fourths of volunteer force, 85;
soldiers, 97, 98;
at attack on Camp Jackson, 97;
in the Home Guards, 106;
rumor of intended rising of, 112;
fear attack by Americans, 113;
rumor of intended advance of, on Jefferson City, 104;
attack on, 106–107;
bitterness against, 160;
fired on, 204;
at the Fair, 311.

Giddings, Honorable J. R., of Connecticut Western Reserve, his address
on slavery, 27, 28;
his opposition to slavery, 27.

Glenn, Honorable Luther J., commissioner from Georgia, visits Missouri
convention of 1861, 53–56.

Glover, Samuel T., lawyer, 4;
member of Committee of Safety, 92;
his writ of replevin, 93.

Grant, General Ulysses S., at Saint Louis, 100;
at Cairo, 209, 223;
at Paducah, 223;
organizes an army, above Columbus, 245;
at Fort Henry, 245;
at Fort Donelson, 246–247;
on the Mississippi, 251;
at Vicksburg, 298;
sustains Western Sanitary Commission, 295;
in Virginia, 320, 338, 340, 360;
accuses Rosecrans, 321;
at Appomattox, 360, 361.

Greely, C. S., Esquire, of the Sanitary Commission, 289.

Greely and Gale, loyal firm, name of, used as a blind, 104.

Guerrillas, 240, 274–275, 321–324;
cause much damage, 272;
action against, 273;
driven from Missouri, 273–274;
invade Missouri from the South and Illinois, 320;
plunder Union men, 324.

Hagner, Major Peter V., description of, 67, 72;
in command at arsenal, 67;
claims to outrank Lyon, 68;
refuses to fortify arsenal, 69;
in command of ordnance, 70.

Hall, Mr., of Randolph County, member of Convention of 1861, 44.

Hall, Willard P., provisional Lieutenant-Governor of Missouri, 228.

Halleck, General Henry W., seizes secession rendezvous, 168;
in command in Missouri, 234–250;
protects railroads, 239–240;
puts slaves to work for the government, 239–241;
assesses rich rebels, 242–243;
character of, 234;
supports convention, 235;
enforces requirement of oath of allegiance, 236, 352;
suppresses display of rebel flag, 237;
orders spies shot, 238;
banishes spies, 238;
censors newspapers, 238;
feeds refugees, 242–244;
leaves Saint Louis, 250, 272;
favors Claybanks and Charcoals, 279.

Hammer, Colonel, 208.

Hancock, Daniel J., deacon of Second Baptist Church, 123.

Hancock, General Winfield S., anecdote of, 123.

Hardee, General William J., 207.

Harding, General, quartermaster general, sent by Governor Jackson to
procure munitions, 90.

Harney, General William Selby, orders troops away from subtreasury, 64;
sketch of life of, 67;
refuses chief command to Lyon, 68;
sustained by General Scott and President Buchanan, 70;
appoints Lyon in command at the arsenal, 72;
called to Washington, 73;
characterizes the militia bill as a secession measure, 103;
returns to Saint Louis, 108;
tries to quiet panic, 108–109;
proclamation of, 108, 115;
seizes arms, 116–117;
his agreement with Price, 117;
removal of, 118;
succeeded by Lyon, 118, 198.

Harper, Captain, extraordinary abolitionist, 174–176.

Henderson, Honorable John B., chairman of committee, reports against
prayer of Georgia to secede, 55.

Henry, Fort, capture of, 245.

Home Guards, 62, 72, 73, 200, 274;
“Wide-Awakes” transformed into, 69;
plans to secure arms for, 69;
control of, in hands of Governor Jackson, 71, 72;
attack upon, 106;
rumor of intended attack by, 108–114;
declared enemies to the Confederacy, 233;
in conflict with State Guards, 240;
defend Saint Louis, 327.

“Homes,” for soldiers, 292, 296, 300;
for refugees, 293, 295, 261;
for orphans, 314;
number of people cared for in, 300.

Hospitals, 288–308;
great demand for, 291;
fifteen, 291;
New House of Refuge, 288;
City Hospital, 288;
City General, 290;
cars fitted as, by General Fremont, 296;
floating, 297;
flying, 297;
Southerners in, 302;
incidents in, 301–308;
uplifting influence of, on Saint Louis, 308.

How, John, member of Union Safety Committee, 69, 92, 93;
defeat of, for mayor, 71.

Howell, Mr., conditional unionist delegate to Convention of 1861, 52.

Hunter, General David, succeeds Fremont, 225–226, 234.

Independence, battle of, 273.

Ironton, lead seized at, by Lyon, 118.

Jackson, Governor Claiborn F., 44, 66, 71, 77, 79, 89, 94, 103, 105,
119, 198;
sympathizes with secession, 23, 33;
favors convention, 41–42;
receives Commissioner Glenn, 54;
rumor of his intention to seize arsenal, 77;
appoints police commissioners, 72;
refuses troops, 84, 88;
plants batteries, 86;
in correspondence with Confederacy, 87–88;
summons special session of legislature, 88;
confers with Frost on seizure of Saint Louis, 87–88;
buys munitions, 90;
removes war material from Jefferson City, 104;
a fugitive, 167, 227, 229;
in conference with Lyon, 198–202;
visits Jefferson Davis at Richmond, 229;
returns and issues proclamation, 231.

Jackson, James, contraband, tries to learn to read, 265–266.

Jefferson Barracks, hospital at, 291;
receives and treats eleven thousand soldiers, 292.

Jefferson City, 70, 77, 88, 201, 346, 347;
Convention leaves, 43, 45, 60;
panic at, 102–104;
evacuated by Jackson, 201;
occupied by Lyon, 202;
occupied by Brigadier-General U. S. Grant, 220;
Fremont at, 221–223;
troops at, overestimated, 330;
emancipation celebrated at, 348.

Jefferson, Thomas, purchase of Louisiana by, 6.

“John Brown’s Body,” sung by Indiana troops, 245;
by legislature, 348;
over Grant’s last victory, 362.

Johnson, Reverend G. J., D.D., 161, 162.

Johnson, J. B., M.D., of Sanitary Commission, 289.

Kansas, War, 11;
invasion of, 24;
Lyon in, 68;
troops from, pursue Price, 330.

Kelly, Captain, at Camp Jackson, 90, 91.

Kelton, J. C., Fremont’s assistant adjutant-general, 208.

Knights of the Golden Circle, 317, 338;
its numbers and wide influence, 317;
checked by Rosecrans, 318;
expected rising of, 331.

Krekel, Arnold, president of Convention of 1865, 344.

Laclede, Pierre Ligueste, early trader, 6;
digs first cellar, 7, 8.

Ladies’ Union Aid Society, 296;
formation and composition of, 293;
receives donation from Western Sanitary Commission, 314.

Lafayette, Marquis de, entertained in Saint Louis, 1825, 7.

Lane, General, of Kansas, 284.

Lawyers, distinguished, before the war, 4.

Lead, seizure of, 118;
exportation of, 118–119.

Lee, General R. E., surrender of, rejoicing over, 360, 361.

Legislature, votes to expel free negroes, 11;
creates Convention, 41, 42;
opposes Convention, 56;
attempts to carry Missouri into the Confederacy, 70, 71;
special session of, 88;
after capture of Camp Jackson, 103;
fears attack, 104;
puts Governor Jackson in absolute control of Saint Louis, 103;
passes militia bill, 103;
fugitive, 227, 232;
passes secession ordinance, 231–232.

Lexington, Missouri, battle of, 219.

Lieutenant-Governor, the unseated and fugitive secession, 227;
issues proclamation at New Madrid, 229;
the provisional, Willard P. Hall, 228.

Lincoln, Abraham, 4, 19, 32, 51, 62, 71, 82, 84, 94, 124, 149, 299,
318, 359, 360;
his debates with Douglas, 11;
his declaration of 1858, 11;
misrepresentation of, 15;
election of, 18, 51, 340, 341;
speaks in Philadelphia, 37;
inauguration of, 37, 38;
nominated for president, 55, 338;
his call for troops, 75;
his call for troops denounced, 84;
anecdote of, 162;
policy of, toward Fremont, 217;
recalls Fremont’s proclamation, 218;
letter of, to Schofield, 282;
allays strife, 285;
effects of his death, 362–365, 366;
portrait of, 366.

Lindell’s Grove, site of Camp Jackson, 89, 90, 165.

Linton, Doctor, member of Convention of 1861, 43;
in Convention of 1865; opposes Oath of Loyalty, 355.

Lovejoy, Elijah Parish, death of, at Alton, 80.

Lyon, Nathaniel, sketch of the life of, 66–68;
commissioned captain, 67, 68;
claim of, to supreme command, at arsenal, denied, 68;
visits the “Wide-Awakes,” 69;
plans of, for arsenal, 69, 72;
patrols vicinity of arsenal, 73;
in command of troops, 70;
in full command, 72, 73;
plants batteries on bluffs, 73;
empowered to raise and arm troops, 73;
fortifies arsenal, 73;
ability in defending arsenal, 76;
dealings of, with Governor Yates of Illinois, 76;
ruse of, to defend arsenal, 78;
enrolls Missouri troops, 81, 83;
refuses to remove troops, 84, 85;
occupies bluffs, 88;
declares governor in correspondence with Confederacy, 87;
visits Camp Jackson in disguise, 92;
meets with Committee of Safety, 92–93;
captures Camp Jackson, 95;
removes munitions from Camp Jackson to the Arsenal, 104;
made Brigadier-General, 118;
seizes “J. C. Swan” and lead, 118;
success of, 119;
confers with Price and Jackson, 198–201;
campaign of, 201;
at Boonville, 202–203;
occupies Springfield, 203, 207;
occupies Jefferson City, 202;
pleads for troops, 207, 208;
moves against Price and McCulloch, 209–210;
his letter to Fremont, 210;
praised by Snead, 211;
killed in battle of Wilson’s Creek, 211;
his army retreats to Rolla, 211;
surprised Price and McCulloch at Wilson’s Creek, 211;
body borne through Saint Louis, 212.

McClellan, General George B., 298;
nominated for president, 338.

McCulloch, General Ben, 203, 207, 209;
helps win battle of Wilson’s Creek, 211;
with Price occupies Springfield, 211;
defeated at Pea Ridge, 244.

McDowell, Dr., Medical College of, made a military prison, 188–189.

McKinstry, Major J., suppresses disloyal papers, 214;
reprimands editor of Christian Advocate, 215;
requires special permits to pass lines, 215.

McNeil, Colonel, commandant of Saint Louis, 206.

McPherson, William M., 122, 123.

Marmaduke, marches towards Missouri, 323.

Marshall, John, his interpretation of the Constitution, 51.

Marshall, Honorable Thomas, lectures of, on Henry Clay, and the
Revolution, 25, 26;
downfall of, 27.

Martial law, proclaimed in Saint Louis and Saint Louis County, 213;
in the State, 217;
passes required to leave the city, 215;
deprecated by the loyal and disloyal, 216–217.

Massachusetts, 26, 127, 295, 299.

Meetings for prayer, 137–138.

Mercantile Library Hall, 116, 117, 183;
address in, by Honorable J. R. Giddings, 27;
Convention of 1861, meets in, 44, 45;
Convention of 1865 meets in, 343.

Militia, of Missouri, to be called out by governor, 63;
called to drill, May 2, 1861, 88;
bill for equipping, 103;
regiment of, mutinies, 284.

Minute Men, Democratic political club, 20;
drilled in military tactics, 21;
armed, 22;
under control of Governor Jackson, 71, 72;
refuse to lay down arms, 81;
join General Frost, 89.

Mississippi Valley Sanitary Fair, of 1864, 309–314;
see “Fair.”

Missouri Historical Society, 6.

Missouri Republican, prints sermon on “Duty of Obedience to Established
Government,” 133;
its Union and Secession editors 143–144.

Mitchell, Captain, of “City of Alton,” 79.

Mulligan, surrender of, at Lexington, 219, 220.

Napoleon, sells Louisiana, 6.

Negroes in Saint Louis, slaves, 1, 9;
bill to exclude free, 11–14;
a pastor of, 12–13;
at the Fair, 313;
schools for, 333–337;
celebrate passing of Emancipation Ordinance, 347;
own taxable property, 333.

Nelson, Reverend Henry A., 4;
Presbyterian Unionist, 121.

Neosho, guerrillas near, 323.

New House of Refuge Hospital, 288.

New Orleans, slave market, 172, 177, 182.

Newspapers, see “Press.”

Noble, Thomas S., sketch of life of, 155–157;
paints “The Slave Mart,” 156;
paints “John Brown going to Execution,” 157.

Nurses, qualifications of, for Saint Louis hospitals, 294;
efficiency of, 305.

Oath, to sustain the constitution of United States and Missouri, by
Convention of 1861, 53;
by members of Camp Jackson, 89;
of fealty to Missouri asserted supreme, 103;
of allegiance, taken by prisoners, 102, 196;
in prayer-meeting, 137–138;
demanded by Halleck, 235–236;
keeps many from voting, 341;
“of Loyalty,” 351;
severity of, 354–356;
distress resulting from, 357–359;
“Test Oath,” 353;
called “Draconian,” 355;
set aside by Supreme Court, 359.

Oliver, Mordecai, Secretary of State of Missouri, 228.

Order of American Knights, 317, 331.

Order of the Star, 317;
see “Knights of the Golden Circle.”

Ordinance of Emancipation, 345–349.

Orr, Honorable Sample, speech in Convention of 1861, 54.

Paducah, occupied by Grant, 223;
Sanitary Commission at, 296.

Panic, in Saint Louis after capture of Camp Jackson, 101–102;
in Jefferson City, 103–104;
of May 12, 107–115;
at Boonville, 322.

Partridge, George, Esquire, of Sanitary Commission, 289.

Pierce, President Franklin, 68.

Pike, General Albert, 244.

Pillow, General Gideon J., 207, 208, 229, 230.

Pilot Knob, Confederate troops near, 326;
General Ewing at, 327.

Planters’ Hotel, 163, 164;
conference at, 199–202.

Plot against the Union, 315–332;
clues of, followed up, 316;
object and character of, 317;
names of organization in, 317;
places and leaders in, 317;
incited by press, 319;
rumors of, get abroad, 320;
movements by guerrillas, a part of, 321–325;
helped by bushwhackers, 324–326;
General Price in, 326–331;
failure of, 331.

Police of Saint Louis, control of, in hands of Governor Jackson, 71,
72;
commissioners of, demand removal of troops, 84;
checks rioting, 102.

Pope, Major-General John, 212, 368.

Post, Reverend Truman M., 4, 121, 301.

Praying for the President, 124–126.

Preachers, distinguished, before the war, 4.

Preaching, against disunion, 127–134, 136, 139–140, 149, 166;
preaching “politics,” 139;
to soldiers, 301;
of good cheer, 338–340.

Presbyterians, minister of, preaches on “The Ultimatum of the South,”
121;
General Convention of, in Saint Louis, 366;
debate in Convention over secession of Synod, 367–368.

Press, the, attitude and influence of, 142–145;
censored by Halleck, 238;
The Missouri Republican, 12, 116, 133, 143–144,
publishes sermon on “Obedience to Government,” 132;
Harper’s Weekly, 15;
The Missouri Democrat, 143,
prints Te Deum extra, 247;
Evening News suppressed for criticizing Fremont, 219–220;
War Bulletin and Missourian suppressed, 214;
Christian Advocate threatened with suppression, 215;
Metropolitan Record, circulation of, prohibited in Missouri, 319.

Price, Sterling, president of convention of 1861, 53, 61;
a Confederate general, 61, 117, 191, 234;
campaigns of, 201–203, 226, 326–332;
driven from Missouri, 203, 240, 244, 330;
invades Missouri, 207, 209, 239–240, 327;
rumor of intended invasion of, 322–323;
in conference with Lyon, 198–201;
victorious at Wilson’s Creek, 211;
occupies Springfield, 211;
defeated at Pea Ridge, 244;
recognizes guerrilla Anderson, 325;
checked at Fort Davidson, 328;
fails to attack Saint Louis and Jefferson City, 329–330;
destroys much property, 331–332;
failure of his last campaign, 331–332.

Prisoners, from Camp Jackson, 97–99,
refuse food at Arsenal, 99;
paroled, 102;
Confederate, 191–196;
anecdotes concerning, 189–197;
a Baptist preacher a prisoner, 191–194;
soldiers get Thanksgiving dinner meant for, 195;
secession minister a prisoner, 196;
at Boonville, 202.

Prisons, military, 188–197;
character of, 189;
Dr. McDowell’s Medical College used as, 188;
slave-pen used as, 193.

Pritchard, Colonel, 89.

Proclamations, of General Harney, 108, 110, 115;
Emancipation, of Lincoln, 149;
of General Fremont, 217;
of secession, Lieutenant-Governor, 229;
of General Thompson, 230;
of Governor Jackson, 231;
of General Price, 233;
of General Halleck, 236, 239;
assessing rich rebels, 242,
freeing slaves, 241;
of Governor Gamble, 228–229;
of General Schofield, 284;
of Emancipation by Governor Fletcher, 348;
of the Revised Constitution, 357;
declaring end of the war, 368.

Protestants admitted to Spanish Saint Louis only by pass, 9.

Provisional Government of Missouri, 228.

Pulpit, 120–142;
prudentially silent, 120–121;
one voice for secession, 121, 135;
supported by loyal laymen, 122–126;
soldiers in the congregation, 123–124.

Quaker conscience, 303.

Quantrel, 273, 322;
invades Kansas, 284.

Quinby, Major-General, 249–250.

Quincy, fugitives from panic flee to, 111.

Ramsay, Charles G., editor Evening News, imprisoned, 219–220.

Rawlings, United States Marshal, seizes munitions of war, 116.

“R. C. Wood,” floating hospital, 297.

Refugees, 251–267;
follow army of Fremont, 226;
fed by private charity and army rations, 242,
and by enforced assessments, 243–244;
anecdotes of, 253–267;
classes of, 252–259;
ignorance of, 255–260;
numbers of, 261;
freedmen, 262–267;
homes for, 261, 293, 295;
white, 300;
from Price’s invasion, 332.

Republicans, 20;
party of, success of, the doom of slavery, 15;
appealed to by Carl Schurz, 17;
success of, in 1860, 18.

Rioting, after the capture of Camp Jackson, 101–102, 106–107;
in attack on church, 131–132;
in attack on minister, 135;
from attack on German troops, 204–205.

Robinson, Lieutenant, 64.

Rolla, Missouri, Lyon’s army falls back to, 211;
guerrillas near, 322;
Ewing retreats to, 329;
wounded hero at, 307.

Rosecrans, General W. S., President of Mississippi Valley Sanitary
Fair, 309, 316;
succeeds Schofield, 309;
in command of Department of Missouri, 315;
ferrets out disloyal plot, 316–323;
enlists negro troops, 319;
sends away troops, 320;
prohibits circulation of Metropolitan Record, checks 319;
accused of violation of orders, 321;
gets help from General Smith, 327.

Sac and Fox Indians, sell land, 7.

Saint-Ange, Captain Louis, acting French governor, 1765, 7.

Saint Louis, character of people of, in 1860, 1, 3, 4;
population in 1860, 1, in 1822, 8;
buildings in, 2;
dwellings in, 2, 3;
early history of, 6–10;
site of, on terraces, 2, 7;
capital of Upper Louisiana, 6;
trading-post in 1764, 6;
its defenses in 1764, 7;
incorporated as a town, 7;
chartered as a city, 8;
divided in sentiment, 40.

Schofield, General John McAllister, in command in Missouri, 272–275,
282–286, 309, 315;
commands militia against guerrillas, 273;
commands Army of the Frontier, 282;
opposed by Charcoals, 283;
threatens newspapers, 284;
sustained by Lincoln, 285;
his view of the radicals, 286;
opposed by Claybanks, 287;
drills negro troops, 313.

Schools, for negroes, 333–337;
no public, for negroes in 1864, 333;
legislature provides, 336;
private, for negroes, poor quality of, 333–335;
examination of teachers for, 334;
school board in favor of, for negroes, 336.

Schurz, Carl, address of, in Saint Louis, “The Doom of Slavery,” 16–18,
369.

Scott, General Winfield, denies supreme command to Lyon, 68, 70.

Schuyler, Episcopalian clergyman, Unionist, 121.

Search for arms, May 17, 116–117.

Secession, urged by cotton states, 23, 24, 33, 49, 57;
of South Carolina, 24, 32, 33;
of Gulf states, 32, 33, 36;
of Georgia, 53, 55;
reasons against, 35, 36, 48–60;
process of, 40;
Missouri saved from, 40–62;
results of Missouri’s rejection of, 62;
efforts for, 71, 81, 82, 147, 315, 332;
preaching against, 127–134;
attitude of church and press toward, 142–145;
discussion of, 146–148;
divisions over, in families, neighborhoods and churches, 146–158;
division over in Chamber of Commerce, 153–154;
Ordinance of, passed by defunct legislature, 231–232.

Secessionists, active, preceding Lincoln’s inauguration, 38;
in Missouri, hopeful, 42.

Seward, William H., 11.

Sheeley, Mr., of Independence, conditional unionist, 51.

Shelby, General, invades Missouri, 326;
opposes Ewing, 328.

Sherman, General W. T., 295;
at Camp Jackson, 99–100;
receives aid from Western Sanitary Commission, 298;
calls for soldiers, 320;
troops meant for, sent to Missouri, 327;
in Georgia, 338, 340.

Simmons, Colonel, 92.

Simmonds, Medical Director, turns over the “Ben Franklin,” to Sanitary
Commission, 297.

Sisters of Charity, in hospital, 288, 302.

Slave Mart, the, painting, 156–157.

Slave-pens, Lynch’s and Children’s, 182–187.

Slavery, its extinction hoped for, 9,
feared, 15;
discussion of, 11;
protected by law in Saint Louis, 9;
speech of Carl Schurz on, 16;
speech of Giddings on, 27;
how to preserve, 48;
Fugitive Slave Law, 51, 52, 181;
condition of the slaves, 170–181;
abolition of, demanded, 277, 345–348;
abolition of, by Convention of 1865, 344–345.

Slaves, small number of, in Saint Louis, 1, 9;
last auction of, 28–31;
condition of, 170–181;
emancipation of, by Lincoln, 149,
by owners, 170–176,
by Fremont, 217,
by Halleck, 241;
attitude of, towards their masters and the war, 178–181.

Smarius, Father, 4.

Smith, General A. J., defends Saint Louis, 326–327;
advances to Pilot Knob, 327;
retires behind the Meramec, 328.

Smith, Mr., delegate from Saint Louis to Convention of 1861, 54.

Snead, Thomas L., aide to Governor Jackson, 199;
praises Lyon, 211;
slaves of, freed by Fremont, 217.

Soldiers’ Home, 300;
see “Homes.”

Songs, John Brown’s Body, 245;
Star-Spangled Banner, 247;
Yankee Doodle, 247;
Rally Round the Flag, 362;
America, 129, 362.

Sons of Liberty, The, 317;
see “Knights of the Golden Circle.”

Spies, in Saint Louis, 237, 238.

Springfield, Illinois, shipment of arms to, 76–81;
Lincoln at, 162;
Lincoln’s burial at, 365.

Springfield, Missouri, occupied by Lyon’s troops, 202;
occupied by Lyon, 203, 207, 209;
by Price and McCulloch, 211.

State Guards, 229, 233;
in conflict with Home Guards, 240.

State Rights Doctrine, absurdity of, shown, 84;
humored by Lincoln, 218.

Statesmen, distinguished, before the war, 4.

Steamboat, first at Saint Louis, 8;
four thousand of, in 1860, 9;
City of Alton, 77–80;
J. C. Swan, 118;
City of Louisiana, 297;
R. C. Wood, 297.

Stephens, Alexander H., vice-president of Confederacy, 59, 197.

Stevenson, Colonel, 213.

Stewart, R. M., Governor of Missouri, 33;
pockets bill expelling free negroes, 14;
received coldly commissioner from Alabama, 23.

Stoddard, Major, agent of France and United States, 6.

Stokes, Captain James H., conveys arms from arsenal, 77–81.

Sturgeon, Isaac H., assistant treasurer, calls for troops, 63–65.

Sumner, General Edwin V., 124.

Tate, Samuel, of South Carolina, views of, on importance of Missouri to
Confederacy, 118, 119.

Taylor, Daniel G., mayor of Saint Louis, 71.

Thanksgiving dinner to unintended diners, 195.

Thompson, Brigadier-General, of Missouri State Guards, 229;
issues proclamation, 230.

Union Chamber of Commerce, formed, 154.

Unionists, kinds of, 35, 49–53;
unconditional, 35, 36, 51;
conditional, 51, 52, 57;
Calhoun unionists, 50, 51;
condition of, 51, 52, 53;
not panic-stricken, 115;
numbers of, in 1865, 362;
their success in Convention of 1861, 61;
parade of on Washington’s birthday, 248–249.

United States Sanitary Commission, 297.

Vallandigham, Clement L., supreme commander of secret order, 317, 331.

Vanbuskirk, Mr., of Holt County, 51.

Van Dorn, General Earl, defeated at Pea Ridge, 244.

Vicksburg, supplies received at, 298.

Volunteer troops, 81, 83;
numbers of, increased, 85, 244;
preaching to, 301;
come to defense of Saint Louis, 327.

Webster, Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home at, 314.

Welsh, “Father,” Baptist minister, forced to solicit pass, 216.

Western Sanitary Commission, 254, 288–308;
helps refugees, 261;
authorized to fit up hospitals, 288–289;
composition of, 289;
opens, City General Hospital, 290,
home for soldiers, 292,
home for refugees, 293;
sustained by generals and Secretary of War, 295;
donations to, 295–296, 299, 314;
visits Cairo and Paducah, 296;
coöperates with United States Sanitary Commission, 297–298;
sends aid to Generals McClellan and Sherman, and to prisoners at
Andersonville, 298;
aids freedmen on the lower Mississippi, 298;
great demands on, 309;
holds Fair, 309;
establishes Orphans’ Home, 314.

Wide-Awakes, The, a Republican political club, 19, 20;
arms for, sent as plaster casts, 21–22;
become Home Guards, 69, 71, 72;
armed, 81;
see also “Home Guards.”

Wilson’s Creek, battle of, 160, 212, 213, 288;
General Lyon killed at, 211.

Witzig, Julius J., member of Committee of Safety, 92.

Wood, R. C., Assistant Surgeon General, commands flying hospital, 297.

Yancey, William L., of Alabama, 59;
a Calhoun Unionist, 51.

Yankees, 99;
denounced, 161–162.

Yates, Governor Richard, of Illinois, makes requisition for arms in
arsenal, 76;
summons Stokes to secure the arms, 77.

Yeatman, James E., President of Western Sanitary Commission, 254, 289,
290;
his great work, 288–299;
description of, 289;
agent for Miss Dorothea L. Dix, 294;
takes aid to Vicksburg, 298, 299.

Zagonyi, 221;
heroism of a soldier of, 307–308.

-----

Footnote 1:

The originals of both these commissions are in the archives of the
Missouri Historical Society. See also Scharf’s History of St. Louis,
and Billon’s Annals of St. Louis.

Footnote 2:

The Louisiana Purchase; Hitchcock, p. 243.

Footnote 3:

W. R. S. 2 Vol. I, p. 244.

Footnote 4:

W. R. S. 4, Vol. I, pp. 1–75.

Footnote 5:

They called all male slaves, boys.

Footnote 6:

W. R. S. 4, Vol. I, pp. 1–75.

Footnote 7:

See, on this whole Chapter, Journal and Proceedings of the Missouri
State Convention, 1861.

Footnote 8:

Journal of the Missouri State Convention, 1861, p. 11.

Footnote 9:

Snead, pp. 68–72.

Footnote 10:

Journal Missouri State Convention, 1861, pp. 13–20.

Footnote 11:

Blaine’s Twenty Years of Congress, Vol. I, p. 505. Vol. II, pp.
202–203.

Footnote 12:

Journal Missouri State Convention, 1861, pp. 248–256.

Footnote 13:

The State of Missouri by Williams, pp. 545–546.

Footnote 14:

Snead in “The Fight for Missouri,” p. 110, says there were in the
Arsenal sixty thousand muskets. For this I find no authority.

Footnote 15:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. I, p. 667; also W. R. S. 3, Vol. I, p. 80.

Footnote 16:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, D. of E., Vol. I, p. 44. Also Doc., p.
147–8.

Footnote 17:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, D. of E., Vol. I, p. 30.

Footnote 18:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, D. of E., Vol. I, p. 59.

Footnote 19:

“The Fight for Missouri,” p. 113.

Footnote 20:

Moore, D. of E., Vol. II, p. 60. Doc. 174, p. 494. Also W. R. S. 1,
Vol. III, pp. 5–10.

Footnote 21:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 4; also Moore, Vol. IX, Doc. 11, p. 258.

Footnote 22:

Fiske, The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War, pp. 16–17.

Footnote 23:

Fiske, pp. 18–19.

Footnote 24:

Yet Lucian Carr, “In Missouri a Bone of Contention,” Series of
American Commonwealths, pp. 304–305, contends that Frost was loyal.

Footnote 25:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 706.

Footnote 26:

Fiske, The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War, p. 20.

Footnote 27:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. IX, Doc. 11, p. 259.

Footnote 28:

D. J. Hancock, President of the Illinois River Packet Co., says the
cannon were sent in crockery crates.

Footnote 29:

See Lyon’s Report, W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 4–5; also pp. 386–387.

Footnote 30:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 9.

Footnote 31:

Snead, The Fight for Missouri, p. 179.

Footnote 32:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, D. of E., Vol. I, p. 92.

Footnote 33:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. I, p. 363. Also W. R. S. 1, Vol. III,
pp. 374–81, 383.

Footnote 34:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. I, D. of E., p. 76.

Footnote 35:

W. R. S. 4, Vol. I, p. 276.

Footnote 36:

“Not whiggs, nor tories they; nor this, nor that;
Not birds, nor beasts; but just a kind of bat;
A twilight animal; true to neither cause,
With tory wings, but whiggish teeth and claws.”
_—Duke of Guise, Prol._

Footnote 37:

This painting was purchased by Wm. B. Howard of Chicago, and was
burned, not in the great fire, with all of Mr. Howard’s Collection.

Footnote 38:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. I, p. 363.

Footnote 39:

Snead, The Fight for Missouri, pp. 199–200.

Footnote 40:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. I, Doc., p. 363.

Footnote 41:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 384.

Footnote 42:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, D. of E., Vol, I. pp. 105–106.

Footnote 43:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 390.

Footnote 44:

P. 410.

Footnote 45:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 512, 532, 540 to 549, 568.

Footnote 46:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 409–410.

Footnote 47:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 407–409.

Footnote 48:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 419–424.

Footnote 49:

Pp. 419–423.

Footnote 50:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. II, D. of E., p. 52, Doc. 153, p. 467.

Footnote 51:

Peckham’s General Nathaniel Lyon and Missouri in 1861, pp. 324–325.

Footnote 52:

Snead, The Fight for Missouri, pp. 266–267.

Footnote 53:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 425.

Footnote 54:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 460.

Footnote 55:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. II, Doc. 183, pp. 626–627; also W. R.
S. 1, Vol. III, p. 442.

Footnote 56:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. III, D. of E., p. 10, Doc. 18, p. 36.
W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 466–469.

Footnote 57:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. III, D. of E., p. 25, Doc. 43, p. 126.

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. III, Doc., p. 129.

Footnote 58:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, p. 477.

Footnote 59:

P. 485.

Footnote 60:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. III, D. of E., p. 32, Doc. 33, p. 70.

Footnote 61:

Moore’s Rebellion Record, Vol. III, D. of E., p. 34, Doc. 58, p. 146.

Footnote 62:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 43.

Footnote 63:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 532–533.

Footnote 64:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 544–47.

Footnote 65:

Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 265–267.

Footnote 66:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. VIII, p. 434.

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 512, 532, 540–549, 568.

Footnote 67:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 549, 568–9.

Footnote 68:

The order for his removal is dated at Washington, October 24, 1861.

Footnote 69:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 65, Doc. 126, p. 270. W. R.
S. 1, Vol. III, pp. 559–560.

Footnote 70:

Pigges Corantoe, or Newes from the North, p. 3.

Footnote 71:

The Missouri Republican, July 31st, 1861. Moore’s Rebellion Record,
Vol. II, D. of E., p. 40.

Footnote 72:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. II, D. of E., p. 51, Doc. 151, p. 458.

Footnote 73:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. II, D. of E., p. 53, Doc. 156, p. 472.

Footnote 74:

August 24th, Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, Doc., p. 5.

Footnote 75:

American Cyclopædia, 1861.

Footnote 76:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. II, D. of E., p. 56, Doc. 163, p. 479.

Footnote 77:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. II, D. of E., p. 70.

Footnote 78:

P. 74.

Footnote 79:

The State Guards were armed Secessionists, the Home Guards armed
Unionists.

Footnote 80:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. VIII, p. 369.

Footnote 81:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 108. Also W. R. S. 1, Vol.
VIII, p. 414.

Footnote 82:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. IV, D. of E., p. 18, Doc., p. 129.

Footnote 83:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. VIII, pp. 586–587, p. 832.

Footnote 84:

Pp. 557, 648.

Footnote 85:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. IV, Doc., p. 52.

Footnote 86:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 121.

Footnote 87:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 103. Also W. R. S. 1, Vol.
VIII, pp. 431, 490.

Footnote 88:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. IV, D. of E., p. 16.

W. R. S. 2, Vol. I, p. 150.

Footnote 89:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXII, P. 1, p. 811.

Footnote 90:

At that time Missouri was called a State of Misery.

Footnote 91:

Forty-Six Years in the Army, pp. 104–106.

Footnote 92:

In addition to my own observations, for the facts set forth in this
chapter I am largely indebted to “The Western Sanitary Commission: A
Sketch ——.”

Footnote 93:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. III, D. of E., p. 25.

Footnote 94:

Fiske, The Miss. Valley in the Civil War, p. 270.

Footnote 95:

Nicolay and Hay, Vol. VIII, Ch. 1.

Footnote 96:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 4, p. 505.

Footnote 97:

Moore’s Reb. Rec., Vol. VIII, D. of E., pp. 56, 57.

Footnote 98:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, p. 107.

Footnote 99:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, pp. 42, 62, 107.

Footnote 100:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, pp. 381, 416.

Footnote 101:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, p. 30.

Footnote 102:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, pp. 197, 232, 238, 283, 344, 381.

Footnote 103:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, pp. 283, 364.

Footnote 104:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, p. 416.

Footnote 105:

P. 443.

Footnote 106:

P. 574.

Footnote 107:

P. 626.

Footnote 108:

P. 4, pp. 216, 233, 277.

Footnote 109:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 4, pp. 216, 233, 277.

Footnote 110:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XXXIV, P. 3, p. 351.

Footnote 111:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XLI, P. 1, p. 309.

Footnote 112:

W. R. S. 1, Vol. XLI, P. 1, pp. 307–340.

Footnote 113:

For the facts of this chapter, aside from my own personal
observations, see “Journal of the Missouri State Convention, held at
the City of St. Louis, January 6–April 10, 1865.”

Footnote 114:

See Volk’s life-mask of Lincoln’s face.

Footnote 115:

American Church Hist., Vol. VI, pp. 168–9.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Re-indexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.