Chapter XV: A Last Word (2)

"Everybody here deprives himself to help the more unfortunate. Thanks to America the famine has been averted. The American Minister is adored and blessed by all. He is so simple and modest that he doesn't like manifestations of thanks, but after the war we hope to show our appreciation. The d'Assches, Woelmonts, Pierre van der Straten and other faithful ones remain here until the day of deliverance. The Germans, after they have massacred and pillaged, now remain more quiet. They are ashamed, with reason, of their infamous doings, and I think the cruelties are past. But how does one know with barbarians? We are waiting for the Roumanians and the Greeks, and the Italians to enter on our side. The whole world wants to get all and risk nothing. I am writing to ask you if the singers in New York will not be able to organize something for the benefit of their dear brothers and sisters here. No music is possible. Professors and artists die from hunger....

"I want to tell you that my little Marie is going to make her first communion privately. It is a sweet consolation for me to prepare her. She is so simple and religious that I believe her prayers must be acceptable to the Lord. She is very young, only just seven; but as you know, Pope Pius Tenth wished that children should take their first communion at that age. In these grave days we wanted her to receive this great favour that she may unite her innocent prayers with ours in order that the Lord may hear us the better."

"LONDON, May 1, 1915.

"It is very wearisome waiting to be sent to La Panne--but the shelling of Dunkirk does not bode well for our speedy departure. We simply have to wait from day to day, ready to start at short notice. The American Red Cross doctors and nurses--of the two new units, just arrived from America--are waiting also in London. The rules are stricter and stricter for leaving England.... No one may now leave for nursing without having been definitely engaged in a hospital over there. People are often turned back from Dover in spite of passports which are apparently perfectly correct.

"You see La Panne is at present under shell fire--the King and Queen have been headquartering there, an added reason for the Germans to try to demolish it. But I hear that just now they have been too near La Panne to be able to get so short a range, and Dunkirk as you know has been the victim. Many hospitals there are being evacuated.... In the meantime I have been rather enjoying some free time here in London. I was busy for a while getting my new uniforms for La Panne--and odds and ends necessary for the 'war zone.' The uniform is of dark blue, and we wear caps with a long white veil behind. In order to get my certificate I had to take an oral medical examination--in French--before five Belgian doctors. A very trying ordeal, for it was really a stiff examination, with questions which are asked of trained nurses in their third year. But I got through somehow, and am now the proud possessor of a certificate giving me '_le droit de me mettre au service de la Croix Rouge de Belgique en qualité d'infirmière_' signed by all the doctors.

"All the food for La Panne is sent out from London on Monday of each week by the Admiralty boat. They send only once a week, as it is necessary for supplies to be watched and escorted all the way--otherwise they get stolen. One day we saw a lot packed up all ready to start--some friends of Mother's have charge of the whole fund, and also of the refugee fund which distributes food all over London and neighbourhood. They have been very nice to me, and offered me a job to drive a motor-van for them, carrying food to Belgian hostels and families. I went out with another girl once or twice, but have had no time yet to do anything regularly.... We are told that they are _very_ much in need of ether at La Panne--and I want to send out some with the money which has been given me. But this last week or two _nothing_ could be sent--fortunately there is a reserve supply of food at La Panne and another in Dunkirk, so it has not mattered much.... Since I came from Paignton I have been staying at the Nurses' Hostel in Francis Street, off Tottenham Court Road, with Nurse Walsh and Nurse Scott. It is very big and comfortable--and very cheap--well known all over the world. And nurses are pouring in almost daily from Canada and Australia. It is quite an experience staying there, and I slept in a cubicle the first three nights to see what it was like!

"One day we went to an exhibition by the Women's Signaling Corps. Women and girls are learning flag-signaling, and they are also to take up bicycle despatch-riding, telegraphy, etc. The idea is of course to free men for the front. Miss D----, who is the chief officer of the women police, and a remarkable woman, came to dinner with us last week. They have been enrolled with the aim of providing a body of trained women for the service of the public.

"I inclose you a copy of a letter from Lieutenant X----, who was in command of two companies of Gurkhas at the fight at Neuve Chapelle. It was written to his family on his twenty-eighth birthday."

The letter from Lieutenant X---- follows:

"March 15, 1915.

"I ought to consider myself lucky to see another 15th of March,
after the last five days. It has been absolute hell, but anyhow
we won ground and killed more than we lost. The best way of
telling you will be to quote my diary again.

"March 9th we spent in billets very cold, frosty and snow
showers. Marched off at 11.30 P. M. for the Neuve Chapelle
front, so we got no sleep that night.

"March 10th. Arrived in a trench line at about 3 A. M. after a
march full of checks, owing to the crowded roads. The action
about to take place was not a small one, but one by a front of
three divisions, of which we were the center one. At 4.30 A.
M. punctually, 480 guns opened fire and never I should think in
history has there been such a bombardment. Our guns blazed
away--the country behind was a mass of gun flashes--and in
front of us a mass of smoke and shell bursts. There was not a
second in which you could say, there is no gun firing--it was a
continuous rattle and roar, and you could not hear yourself
speak. We had to lie very low in our trench and there were
several short bursts of our own shell going overhead; in fact I
picked up two shrapnel bullets on my right hand side, and the
base of a fuse on my left hand side. According to arrangements,
at 8 A. M. our guns increased their range, and our first
attacking line advanced under the enemy's trenches. The first
and second lines reached the enemy's trenches with very little
loss comparatively, as the enemy were quite disorganized by our
shelling. They passed over two lines of trenches and reached an
old trench line dug in the early days of the war--called the
Smith-Dorrien line--about 1,200 yards beyond. I followed close
behind, and Major B---- came last--we had about 96 casualties
in the first advance. We all reached the Smith-Dorrien line
with the Germans in full retreat, our guns firing shrapnel on
them. At this point we could have advanced still further, but
that for one thing our guns were still dropping shells just in
front of us, and for another the division on our left had not
advanced sufficiently to support us. My double company only got
about thirty prisoners and two machine guns. We immediately
started digging ourselves in against an expected
counter-attack. Some snipers from a trench on our right
troubled us for some time; the regiment on our right had
somehow advanced beyond the trench without killing its
occupants.... At dark another brigade passed through us and
advanced towards a wood 1,000 yards in front of us, and
entrenched themselves 250 yards in our front. Maxim and rifle
fire was opened on them by the enemy from the edge of the wood,
but they did not suffer very heavily.

"March 11th. The entrenched line ahead of us was held all day.
We got heavily shelled all day--the heaviest shells dropped
behind, Jack Johnsons and Woolly Bears, while we had shrapnel,
bombs and nasty double-acting shells which burst first with
white smoke, and fifty yards further on with black smoke. We
also got a good share of a shell which gave out the most
beastly-smelling gases. Major B---- was wounded in the head by
a bomb which burst on our parapet within a foot of my head,
blowing a large hole in the parapet and covering me with
earth. The explosion of it, so close, instead of deafening me
seemed to clear a passage through my head from ear to ear, and
I went through all the processes of death. It seemed to me I
was a goner, and it was some seconds before I realized I was
alive and unhurt. The brigade in our front was ordered to
retire in the night, and we were told to hold their evacuated
trench with pickets. I sent out a picket from my double
company--they remained out until 5 A. M., when I was ordered to
withdraw them.

"March 12th. They had only just come in when the Germans were
seen advancing, and a fearful fusillade of rifle fire from our
trenches began. After a time the firing slackened and dawn
came, when in front of us were lines of dead Germans. We
counted about one hundred in our immediate front--there were
lots more to right and left, and the trench just evacuated in
our front was thick with them. We had some very useful pistols
with us, which fire a big cartridge and light up the ground in
front. I fired fifteen rounds with mine to enable my men to see
to fire. Only a few live Germans remained in the trench to our
front, and these a British regiment turned out in an attack at
1 P. M. Their first line advanced through us, but suffered
rather heavily from fire from a trench to our left front. Their
second line was about to advance, and the officer in command of
it jumped lip close by me and shouted 'Second line advance,'
when he dropped, shot through the head. The third line never
advanced. On our right the ---- Gurkhas advanced to the front
trench and suddenly white flags began to appear, and after some
difficulty we got our men to stop firing, and a few of the
Gurkhas began sending prisoners back. In a moment both sides
were standing up out of the trenches, on our side we were
waving to the Germans to come in, and on their side they were
waving flags and calling for us to go and fetch them--but this
we could not do, as they continued to fire and we could not
trust them. But the ---- Gurkhas collected a lot on the right
and more followed, many of them wounded, and came into our
lines. About a hundred came like this, I should think. Many
more would have liked to come from further to the left, but it
was difficult to arrange, as they kept firing and at the same
time did not trust us sufficiently to leave cover. However we
got a fair bag.

"March 13th. All to-day and yesterday too we had absolute hell
from enemies' artillery. All day we lay flat against the front
parapet in fear and trembling--we were very crowded in our
trench as a British regiment was there too, and such crowding
added of course to the casualties. The shells dropped all round
us--many dropped close in front and behind, putting the fear of
God into us. All this time our artillery was firing too and the
noise was terrific. The men behaved absolutely splendidly and
did not move from their places. At 5 P. M. we got news that we
were to be relieved--we were pleased and the men bucked up at
once and started chattering away. We hoped to go out at dusk,
but were disappointed, as a message came to say a German
counter-attack was expected, and we must remain for the time
being. However I got away about 8 P. M., and reported to the
Colonel, who told me to march off to billets. Off I went with
my men and myself, all as happy as could be, but I only got as
far as our brigade headquarters a mile away, when the General
said, he was very sorry but the ---- and ---- Gurkhas had to
stay in reserve to the brigade who had relieved us. This was a
bit fat after five days and nights without any wink of sleep
for any one; for we had to work all night at improving our
trench and repairing it where shells had damaged it, digging
graves for killed, seeing to wounded going back; and in the day
it was impossible to sleep for the noise, and casualties
occurring now and then, and the fear of a German attack.
However there was nothing for it, so I explained the situation
to my men, who I must say took it very well. I almost cried for
pity at their disappointment, for they were all dead tired: in
fact none of us could walk in a straight line, and they were
looking forward to a good sleep and some decent food again.
However they turned and marched forward again, but no sooner
had I arrived than a staff officer of the other brigade came
and said the ---- and ---- Gurkhas were no longer required--so
about turn again and back we went at a snail's pace. I halted
at one place for water, as the men had been rather short of
water the whole time, and I gave them an hour's sleep by the
roadside at another point.

"March 14th. It was about four miles to our billets and we got
in just at dawn--our billets are near to L----. After some food
they started to get some rest, but at 12 noon we had to change
to another house half a mile away. Poor fellows, they have had
a time, but the whole regiment has behaved splendidly and they
are as cheerful as ever. Many acts of individual bravery were
performed. During the attack there was a house full of Germans,
but the difficulty was to get them out. One of our fellows went
in and called upon all of them to surrender--and he brought
out nine of them. On another occasion some of our men had to
bring up ammunition along a _nullah_ which was swept by
machine-gun fire. One of the men was wounded, but another
coming up behind stopped, put down the ammunition box he was
carrying and dressed the wound, remaining under fire till he
was killed. A Jack Johnson burst near one of our machine guns
and buried every man except one, who was only buried up to the
waist. He got out and dug out the others, and all were saved.
Poor Major F---- was shot through the head during the German
counter-attack and killed. In my own double company I had Major
D---- wounded, 30 men wounded, and 9 killed. Our regimental
casualties were 1 British officer killed, 2 Gurkha officers
killed, and 39 rank and file killed, 3 British officers (Major
B----, Major T---- and Captain S----) wounded, not seriously; 2
Gurkha officers and 170 rank and file wounded, 35 missing,
probably killed or wounded. Losses in the other four regiments
in the brigade were much the same. A great many of the Germans
against us were found to have bullets on them with the tips
snicked off with cutters, making them act like dum-dum
bullets--in fact three were shot for this on the spot. Several
of our wounded showed dum-dum wounds....

"You noticed perhaps that Sir John French's despatches, after
the recent fighting, thanked the Worcesters 'a second
time'--and everybody does not know that the first time was at
Mons. Towards the end of that battle, Sir Douglas Haig came and
said he thought they couldn't possibly hold on any longer.
General French agreed reluctantly, and gave the order for a
general retreat. But immediately Sir Douglas Haig came back in
haste to report that the Worcesters were still holding on, and
the General said, 'Then let us all hold on a little longer.'
The tide turned and the Germans retreated--and so it was that a
plain little company of Worcesters saved Europe! Three separate
times General French started to go and thank the Worcesters,
and three times he had to turn back--he couldn't speak for the
choke in his throat...."

III

AMERICAN RELIEF WORK

At first there was some discussion as to the advisability of America's feeding the Belgians. International law told us that it was the duty of the army occupying foreign territory to feed the civilian population. English soldiers felt that by importing foodstuffs into Belgium, America was helping the Germans. But Germany was unwilling to take upon herself this additional load, and some one had to do it. While the discussion was going on, seven million people were beginning to starve. "The hungry stomach knows no politics, and when a man is drowning, pull him out and not ascertain who threw him in." So America came to the rescue.

After the destruction of Louvain a committee was formed in New York to collect funds for the Belgians, headed by Mr. de Forrest. His Excellency, Mr. Emmanuel Havenith, and His Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, at once started a general movement, thinking that a comparatively small sum would be needed. The Millers' Belief Committee, headed by Mr. Edgar in Minneapolis, was among the first to respond. My husband started the New England committee at that time.

Later, Mr. Whitlock informed Mr. Page, our Ambassador in London, of the great devastation in Belgium, as a result of which millions of people were on the verge of starvation. So a commission of Americans was formed in England, headed by Mr. Hoover, They sent Mr. Lindon W. Bates over here to organize committees throughout the United States. The British and Belgian governments promised to help, as well as the Spanish, and Germany gave permission for foodstuffs to be distributed to non-combatants in Belgium. The Spanish and American Ministers in Brussels, and their committees in other towns in Belgium, had charge of the distribution.[17]

[17] I am indebted to the official bulletin of the
Commission for Relief in Belgium for much of the following
material.

This Commission perfected a wonderful system of shipping and of giving out the supplies. Everything was issued from the principal and branch stations of the Commission in Belgium into the hands of the "Commission Nationale Comité de Secours," a well-organized Belgian association.

The appeal to the governors of states and to the Rockefeller Foundation met with the most generous response. The American railways and express companies for a time gave free transportation, and then coöperated to ship at reasonable prices. The Rockefeller Foundation also undertook to furnish free ocean transportation, and chartered the first ship that sailed from America with food for the Belgians, the _Maesapequa_, which left here November 4th and reached Rotterdam the 18th. The Foundation also contributed foodstuffs.

Throughout the winter everybody knitted madly. The unemployed were set to work at small pay making garments, and people literally took their clothes off their backs to send. Plays, concerts, lectures, moving picture shows and rummage sales took in money which was later turned into food.

The way in which this food was put up was original and quite American. Boxes were filled with nourishing food suited to the needs of three classes of refugees--infants, convalescents, and adults.

"A package for infants and young children should include thirty pounds of evaporated, unsweetened milk; about two pounds of milk sugar, five pounds of barley flour, five pounds of cornmeal, five pounds of oatmeal, and two ounces of salt. This will sustain from two hundred to two hundred and fifty infants or young children for one day.

"For packages for convalescents the following is recommended: Fifteen pounds of evaporated milk, fifteen pounds of malted milk; one pound can of olive or cottonseed oil; two pounds of canned chicken, five pounds of brown rice, seven pounds of whole wheat or white flour, three pounds of sugar, two pounds of tea, and six ounces of salt. It is estimated that this will sustain from one hundred to one hundred and fifty convalescents for one day.

"A package for well adults should contain: Five pounds of canned baked beans, eight pounds of dried lentils, peas or beans, five pounds of canned salmon, five pounds of oatmeal, five pounds of cornmeal, fifteen pounds of whole wheat or white flour, two pounds of sugar and six ounces of salt. This will furnish a sustaining ration for fifty adults for one day."

"Not one mouthful has gone down a German throat yet, nor do I believe it ever will," wrote Mr. Hoover; "we have had nothing but help from the Germans in the distribution of American foodstuffs in Belgium. Belgium raises less than forty per cent. of its own food. The war struck it in the midst of the harvest, and Belgium had made no provision to feed itself in time of trouble. The minimum monthly requirements of the Belgian population are sixty thousand tons of grain, fifteen thousand tons of maize, three thousand tons of rice and peas, at a cost of four or five million dollars."

There was no milk for thirty thousand babies at the end of November. The cows had all been killed or taken by the Germans for the army. The starving mothers could give little nourishment to their infants, and the supply of condensed milk was quickly used up. This picture was brought by an American from Belgium:

"I stood one morning by the back door of a German cook camp,
watching a group of Belgian women grubbing through the trash
heap piled up behind the camp. All these women carried babies.
'What are they doing?' I asked a German sergeant with whom I
had struck up an acquaintance. 'Scraping our condensed milk
cans,' he said. 'It is the only way to get milk for their
babies. I have seen them run their fingers round a can which
looked as bright as a new coin, and hold them into the babies'
mouths to suck."

Six thousand meals a day were served in Brussels alone in the autumn. In some places one large baker's bun a day was all that was issued by the authorities; in other places, one bowl of cabbage soup. By April there were forty-seven soup kitchens in Brussels.

A shipload of food meant one day's rations for the Belgians. When the first ship arrived at the Hook of Holland, the city of Rotterdam rejoiced. While the unpacking went on, speeches were made and banquets held, and American national airs were played. The cargo of the ship was put into canal barges, which by German permission were allowed to make their way to the different towns.

To show how quickly the food is distributed--in three hours sixty thousand people received bread. Three hundred and sixty sacks of American flour arriving at Verviers was distributed in the form of bread the following morning. According to the system of the Commission, each person receives three cards. "One is kept at the office, the other two are given to the applicant. One of these he keeps and presents each day for his quota of rations, i. e., bread. The other he gives to his baker. With this card the baker makes application to the storehouse for the necessary flour to cover the demand of the bread card. The bread card calls for 325 grams of bread; the baker's card for 250 grams of flour. When there are not full rations to be had, the applicant gets the percentage available. This applies to every one, rich and poor alike."

Thanks to the efficient work of the Commission, fully seventy-five per cent. of the Belgians receiving food were able to pay for it. This was due to the clever financiering of Mr. Hoover and his committee, who managed, by an ingenious method, to raise the depreciated paper currency to par value.

Putting gift and purchase cargoes together there were delivered in a single month, "twenty-five thousand tons of wheat, thirty thousand tons of flour, eleven thousand tons of maize, fifteen hundred tons of rice, five hundred and forty-six tons of peas, four thousand tons of beans, one hundred and seven tons of potatoes, one hundred and twelve tons of salt, with thirty-six hundred tons of sundries."

In the spring Antwerp and Brussels were feeding about two hundred and eighty thousand people twice a day. At least four million people are getting their food through the National Commission. Those who can pay for it do so. Food is given in the bread line to those who cannot pay. At first only workmen appeared in the line, then small shopkeepers, and later professional men.

West of the road from Antwerp to Mons the people are being fed. East of the road the Germans did not permit it during the winter. In April, however, it was arranged that the Commission should also feed Northern France. In June General von Bissing permitted the Commission to furnish grain for seed, to be planted and harvested by Belgian peasants for their own use. The report of the Commission for the first year of the war showed that for the people of Belgium and the 2,500,000 French people hemmed in behind the German battle front, an expenditure of $10,000,000 a month was required.

The despatch of a shipload of food every other day from America during the winter constituted the largest commissary that the world has ever seen. "The Fleet of Mercy is constantly making voyages." Every cent collected in America for the purchase of food was spent in America. It is said that up to May 1st the United States made gifts amounting to about six million dollars. The American Relief Commission today has branches not only in the United States, Canada and Holland, but also in London and Belgium and France. From sixteen American seaports food has been sent direct to Belgium. Forty-eight States, the District of Columbia and Hawaii, organized Belgian Relief Committees, and endless sub-committees. Thirty-seven of the States of the Union are represented by the women's section.

Queen Elizabeth, now called the "Wandering Queen," sent this letter to thank the women of this Commission:

"It gives me great pleasure to accept the invitation which has
been transmitted to me to become a patroness of the Women's
Section of the American Commission for Relief in Belgium. I
wish to extend to the women of America the deep gratitude of
the women of Belgium for the work which they are doing for my
people. The food which your country is daily providing to our
women and children comes like a ray of sunshine in the darkest
hour in Belgium's history. The Belgian women have fought a
brave fight, and are still fighting for the common cause of
human liberty, so dear to every American woman's heart.

"ELIZABETH."

* * * * *

By May 1st the New York Belgian Fund amounted to more than a million dollars. California raised over a hundred thousand in a day. Chicago has been conspicuous with large gifts. Kansas sent a great quantity of flour, and Mr. Wanamaker of Philadelphia shipped cargoes worth half a million dollars.

The New England Committee believes that its results up to May first are substantially as follows: Cash collected, $300,000; value of goods collected, $100,000; money sent from New England direct to New York, $50,000; and goods sent to New York, about $50,000. The Kermesse Flamande cleared $15,000, and Madame Vandervelde's meetings raised about $14,000 in Boston alone. Three ship-loads of food and clothing left Boston harbour.

Copyright by Boston Photo News Co.

The _Harpalyce_ was the first and largest of the ships. She sailed on January 7th, reaching Rotterdam the 23d. On April 10th, while on another voyage, she was torpedoed in the North Sea. She carried a crew of fifty-three men, twenty-six of whom were drowned, among them the captain, whom we knew personally.

The work of Madame Vandervelde while she was in this country deserves special mention. She is an English woman, the wife of Emile Vandervelde, the leader of the Socialists in Belgium. He had several times been offered a place in the Cabinet but had refused. When the war broke out, however, feeling that he could be of real service to his country, he became one of the Ministers of State. He came with the Minister of Justice, Monsieur Carton de Wiart, an old friend of ours, and several others, as one of a commission sent to America in the autumn of 1914. Madame Vandervelde followed shortly to make a lecture tour in the United States. We found her a charming and well-educated woman, and a speaker of unusual power. She came to this country in a spirit of splendid patriotism for the sake of helping Belgium.

Before the food question became urgent, she asked for money to help the Belgian refugees return to their homes. But this did not seem wise, as we shall see from a report quoted below, so the money that she collected was turned into food.

"For example, the towns Waelhem, Malines, Duffel, and Lierre, are reduced practically to ruins and are certainly not in a condition to receive back more than one-third of their ordinary population. There is, moreover, a smell of decay in the air, which probably proceeds from corpses buried in the ruins, which may, at any time, breed a pestilence. To send people back to their homes when those homes no longer exist, I believe to be cruel. Visé and Tamines and, I suppose, ten or a dozen other small towns in Belgium, are practically in the same condition as those I visited, desolate and uninhabitable, half of their houses wrecked, many scattered and isolated farmhouses practically destroyed, and a considerable portion of the land under cultivation laid waste, either by military operations or by inundation for defense.

"There is no work. The factories are closed because they have no raw material, coal, or petrol, and because they have no markets. And yet war taxes are falling with hideous pressure upon a people whose hands are empty, whose workshops are closed, whose fields are idle, whose cattle have been taken."

In one of her lectures Madame Vandervelde said: "The sight of the poor refugees streaming into Antwerp from Louvain and Malines, women with babies in their arms, older children clinging to their skirts, men wheeling their decrepit fathers in wheelbarrows or helping along a crippled brother or son, is more pitiful than any words can express."

From the reports in the daily papers, Madame Vandervelde said, one knows little of the overwhelming nature of the tragedy. She told many interesting stories of the land which had been ravaged by the horrors of war, and the murderous raids of the Zeppelins.

Her mission was not a political one; it was a plea for help. She arrived in September, bringing good letters of introduction. Wherever she spoke--in private houses on Long Island, at Beverly, Mass., or Dublin, New Hampshire, or in cities--she was so attractive, and her appeal was so pathetic, that people wept and opened their pocketbooks. In the big cities of Canada she spoke in halls and churches, and was most enthusiastically received. From Syracuse she went to Chicago, also to St. Paul and Minneapolis, starting committees where they did not already exist. At Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston she was especially successful in raising money. She was present at the sailing of several of the food ships, when hundreds of people crowded the docks, speeches were made, and patriotic music played.

Three thousand people attended the mass meeting at Tremont Temple, in Boston, and over a thousand were turned away. She went to Providence and then to New Haven, where she was introduced by ex-President Taft. She was introduced in Boston by Bishop Lawrence, and in Baltimore by Cardinal Gibbons. A large meeting was held for her in Cooper Union Hall in New York. During her stay in Washington she visited the Belgian Minister and his wife. Where committees were already started, she turned over the money she made to them. She sailed for Europe on the third of April, having raised about three hundred thousand dollars.

Her last lecture before sailing contained these words: "We, the Allies, do not want peace. We appreciate the well meaning, high minded, noble Americans who are planning a conference at your national capital whereby the neutral nations shall decide on some peace plan to be submitted to the belligerent nations without armistice, but we cannot hear of peace at this or any other time until Prussian army caste has been wiped from the face of Europe. We want peace, but only peace with honour, and lasting peace. Peace now, before militarism has been conquered, will not be lasting peace. At the most, it would only be for five or six years, until Prussian militarism could reconstruct itself, and then the whole reign of terror for all Europe would begin again. We can scarcely understand an attitude that would even suggest peace at this time. Such an attitude is embarrassing."

Just as Madame Vendervelde left the country, Madame Depage arrived to take her place. She had had experience in the Balkan War, when she accompanied her husband to Constantinople and acted as an auxiliary nurse. She directed the equipment of the hospital and within a very short time had turned the building into one of the best military hospitals in Europe. During the present war she has aided in the establishment of a large number of military hospitals, not only in Brussels but also in other Belgian cities. When Brussels was taken the Germans seized the hospitals and devoted them to their own uses. The Governor-General of Belgium issued a decree breaking up the organization of the Belgian Red Cross. All the funds were seized, and the archives were handed over to a German officer, who was appointed to carry on the work. It is said that forty thousand dollars' worth of Red Cross supplies was taken over. As the National Belgian Headquarters of the Red Cross were in Brussels, the heads of the organization were temporarily cut off from the army.

Dr. Depage stayed with the King while his wife remained in the capital until she received word from him that she was needed at the front. She made her way to Holland, then to England, and then to Calais. Her husband was at that time in charge of the Gendarme Ambulance. He gave her some orderlies and told her to proceed to La Panne and select a site for a military hospital. She found an empty hotel, and had things ready with three hundred beds when the Doctor arrived from Calais to take charge. Now there are a thousand beds, and he has a large corps of assistants.

As Belgium was not receiving American Red Cross supplies, for the simple reason that it seemed impossible to reach their headquarters, Madame Depage came to this country to solve the difficulty. She was here only a short time, but obtained a hundred thousand dollars by her lectures. Our American Red Cross had previously contributed thirty thousand dollars through the Belgian Relief Commission, and gave Madame Depage thirteen thousand more, besides promising six surgeons and twenty-four nurses to Belgium, furnishing two field hospitals and paying for their maintenance for six months. The total gifts of the American Red Cross organization have amounted to about $100,000. Fortunately the money that Madame Depage raised was deposited here, for this brave, executive woman went down on the _Lusitania_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ALLEN, GRANT: Belgium: Its Cities

AMES, F. T.: Between the Lines in Belgium

BOULGER, D. C.: Belgium of the Belgians -- Belgian Life in Town and Country

BUMPUS, T. F.: Cathedrals and Churches of Belgium

BITHELL, J.: Contemporaneous Belgian Poetry

BODE, W.: Great Masters

CLAFLIN, W. H.: Holland and Belgium

CONWAY, W. M.: Early Flemish Artists

CROWE AND CAVALCASELLE: Flemish Painters

DELEPIERRE, OCTAVE: History of Flemish Literature

DAVIS, R. H.: With the Allies

EDWARDS, G. W.: Old Flemish Towns

ENSOR, R. C. K.: Belgium

FROMENTIN, EUGÈNE: Les maîtres d'autrefois

GILBERT, EUGÈNE: France et Belgique

GRIFFIS, W. E.: Belgium the Land of Art

HOLLAND, CLIVE: Belgians at Home

HUNTER, G. L.: Tapestries

HUET, C. B.: Land of Rubens

HYMANS, LOUIS: Bruxelles à travers les ages

JOURDAIN, M.: Old Lace

KAUFFMAN, R. W.: In a Moment of Time

MAC DONNELL, J. DE C.: Belgium, Her Kings and People
-- King Leopold II
-- Albert, King of the Belgians

OMOND, G. W. T.: Belgium

POPLIMONT --: Heraldry

POTVIN, CHARLES: Nos premiers siècles littéraires

POWELL, E. A.: Fighting in Flanders

PAMPHLETS:
Washington and Columbia Printing Co.: Facts About Belgium
Belgian Government: Diplomatic Correspondence respecting the War
German Commanders in Belgium: Why Belgium Was Devastated
Commission on International Law: Reports

ROOSES, MAX: Art in Flanders

REA, HOPE: Great Masters (Rubens)

RICE, W. G.: Carillons of Belgium and Holland

SOUTHEY, ROBERT: Netherlands in 1815

STEVENSON, R. L.: An Inland Voyage

SCOTT, W. B.: Gems of Modern Painters

SINGLETON, ESTHER: Art of the Belgian Galleries

SHARP, WILLIAM: La jeune Belgique

SMITH, E. GILLIAT: Story of Brussels

SAROLEA, DR. CHARLES: How Belgium Saved Europe

THOMPSON --: The Belgian Renascence

VALENTINER, W. R.: The Art of the Low Countries

WAUTERS, A. J.: La peinture flamande

ZWEIG, STEFAN: Emile Verhaeren

INDEX

A

Adelbert (Prince), 34

Adoration of the Lamb, the, 182, 184, 236

Adoration of the Magi, 195, 196

Aerschot, 373, 393

Africa, 113, 116

Aisny, 393

Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 101

Albert, Archduke, 99

Alfred the Great, 70

Algini, 307-313

Alost, 97, 210

Alva, Duke of, 96, 192

American Club, 51
Students' Club, 55-6

Ancienne Cour, 94

Andenne, 351, 352

Angel's Mass, 30

Angers, 162, 171

Anseele, Edouard, 151

Antwerp, 8, 37, 68, 94, 97, 98, 99, 111, 124, 137, 138, 162, 202,
230, 233-236, 282-283, 331, 342, 366, 371, 383, 384, 418, 423
Academy, 204
Cathedral, 147, 234, 262
Museum, 189, 195

Antwerp, Legends of, 255
Antigon, 255-262
Yvon Bruggermans, 262-275
Frügger the Miser, 275-303
The Blacksmith of Antwerp, 303-313
The Milk Girl, 313-330

Apocalypse (tapestries), 171

Archdukes Albert and Isabella, 165, 194

Ardennes, the, 331, 332, 341, 344

Arenberg, Duc d', 34
Duchesse d', 34
(family), 34

Arquenne, 333

Arras, 162, 170
Assembly of, 88
Tapestries, 168, 169

Artevelde, Jacob van (the Brewer of Ghent), 82, 83, 238
Philip van, 84

Assche, Comte d', 20
Palais d', 2, 7, 20
(family), 389, 399

Aubusson, 170

Audennes, 374, 392

Augustus, 66

Austrian Succession, war of, 101

Aymon, sons of, 348

B

Baldwin (_Bras-de-fer_), 69, 74
Second, 70
King of Edessa, 73
Count of Hainault and Flanders, 73
Fifth, Count of Flanders, 75
Sixth, Count of Flanders, 76, 78

Bataille, Nicolas, 171, 173

Bates, Mr. Lindon W., 412

Baudouin, Prince, 119

Bavaria, John of, 185

Bayard, 348-350
Rock of, 348

Beauvais, 170

Beeckmans (the), 389

Beernaert, Minister of State, 35

Beers, van, 210

Beethoven, 52

Béguinage
in Ghent, 146, 237
in Bruges, 238

Belgica, 66, 67

Bel, Jean le, 209

Beloeil, 332, 334-335

Berryer, M., 35

Beughems, de (the), 13, 389

Beuken, 372

Biefve, Edouárd, 202

Black Prince, 83

Blanc-Grin, 204

Blondel, 17

Blücher, 104

Bodel, Jean, 208

Boehn, von, 368

"Boerenbonden," 135

Boitsfort, 58

Boma, 118

Borinage, the, 140, 335

Bosel, 379

Bouvignes, 353

"Brabançonne," the, 210, 381

Brabant, 18, 58, 80, 84, 87, 142
Governor of, 8

Braekeleer, Henri de, 203

Brant, Isabella, 194

Braquenié, Brothers, 166

Brederode, de, 95

Breuil, du, 173

Brieux, 378

Broqueville, Baron de, 137

Bruges, 17, 18, 68, 70, 74, 75, 80, 81, 84, 90, 93, 98, 99, 111,
162, 180, 185, 187, 238-242
Belfry of, 240

Brussels, 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 85, 100, 119, 162, 163, 164, 230,
331, 342, 356, 364-365, 378, 382, 388, 389, 416, 418
life in, 43-64

Buelow, von, 368

Buisseret, Comte de, 2
Caroline de, 7, 24

Burgundian Sacraments, 159, 189

Burgundy, dukes of, 18, 89
(county of), 92, 99
(duchy of), 86, 92

C

Cæsar, 65, 259

Calais, 83, 87, 88, 371, 380, 426

Calvé, 53

Cambre, Parc de la, 58, 59
Bois de la, 62

Cassel, victory of, 79

Cats, le Vieux, 209

Caxton, William, 240

Cercle du Parc, 38

"Chambers of Rhetoric," 208

"Chansons des Saxons," 208

Charlemagne, 16, 68, 74, 243, 341, 343, 348, 349, 350

Charleroi, 139, 342, 363, 374

Charles V, 18, 92, 93, 94, 159, 209, 263

Charles the Rash, 91, 160, 170, 172, 187
Prince, of Lorraine, 101
the Sixth (of France), 84
the Seventh (of France), 89
Prince, of Hohenzollern, 120
the Bald, 69

Charles Theodore (of Bavaria), 25

Charlotte, Princess, 108
(Empress), 108

Chasseurs, 61

Christianity, 58, 69

Church, the, 71, 79, 130, 132, 151

Ciergnon, 120, 346

Ciney, cow of, 351-353

Cinquantenaire, the, 61
Palais du, 60
Museum, 119

Clary, Comtesse, 24

Clémentine, 109, 110

Clericals (political party), 112, 127-130, 133-135, 137

Clovis, King of the Franks, 67, 68, 69

Colbert, 171

Cologne, 17

Comans and Planche, 171, 173

Commission for Relief in Belgium, the (American), 412, 420

Congo State, the, 114-119
Museum, 51, 119

Congress of Vienna, 103, 106

Conjoux, 392, 393

Conscience, Henri, 210-212

Conservatoire, the, 53

Constitution (Belgian), 107

Cortemarch, 396

Coster, Charles de, 210

Courouble, Leopold, 220

Courtrai, 68, 70, 80, 143, 247, 331

Crève-Coeur, 353

Cross, Descent from the, 195
Elevation of, 195

Crown Prince (of Belgium), 123

Crown Prince (of Germany), 30
(of Roumania), 30

Croÿ, Prince Henri de, 338, 339
(family), 335, 336, 339

Crusades, 71, 74

D

David, Abbe, 210

David and Goliath (tapestries), 176

Davignon, Madame, 12

Deg, van, 305-313

Democrats (political party), 127

Demolder, Eugène, 220

Depage, Dr., 397, 426
Madame, 425, 426, 427

Derouette, Colonel, 3

Dhanis, Baron, 115

Diana (tapestries), 173-176

Dieckmann, Major, 369

Digue, the, 243

Dinant, 65, 341, 346, 350, 366, 374, 383, 392, 393

Dixmude, 247, 367

Donnan, Miss, 56

Duffel, 422

Dunkirk, 400, 401, 402

Dyck, Anthony van, 199-201

E

Edwards, George Wharton, 241

Egmont, Count, 34, 91, 95, 96, 247

Eilbert, Count, 346-347

Elst, Baron von der, 57

Emilie Louise, 108

Emmich, von, 368

Enghien, 162, 163, 332, 333

Eugene, Prince, 100

Eyck, Jan van, 183-186, 187, 189, 190
Hubert, 179, 180, 182, 183-186
Margaret, 183

Eycks, the, 179, 189, 191, 240

F

Fancy Fair, the, 47

Farnese, Alexander, Prince of Parma, 98

Ferdinand and Isabella, 92

Flamberge, 349

Flanders, 13, 14, 18, 33, 67, 73, 74, 75, 76

Flanders, Count of, 69
Robert, Count of, 73
(Counts of), 352

Flandre, Comtesse de, 10, 28, 29, 30, 47, 340
Comte de, 25
Philip, 108, 119

Flemings, 67, 126

Forêt, Comte Raymond de, 333

Fourment, Helena, 194

Francis I, 93

Franks, 66, 67, 68
Salian, 66

French, General, 410, 411

Freya, cave of, 347

Frügger, 275-303

Furnes, 248
Procession of Penance at, 249-251

G

Galliat, Louis, 202

Galsworthy, John (quoted), 356

Garde Civique, 29

Gates of the Apostles (tapestry), 169

Gaul, 66, 67, 68

Gauls, the, 65, 66

Geographical Congress, 113

Gerard, Baron, 76

Geubles, Jacques, 174

Ghent, 18, 68, 70, 74, 81, 84, 90, 93, 97, 98, 139, 142, 150,
236-238, 239, 393, 394
"Pacification of ----," 97

Gilles, Dancing, 336-338

Glesener, Edmond, 213

Gobelins (Jean and Philip), 167, 170, 171

Godfrey of Bouillon ("Advocate" of Jerusalem), 72, 73

Godfrey the Bearded, Count, 17

Golden Fleece, Order of, 90, 91, 185

Goltz, Baron von der, 368

Grammont, 76, 78

Grand Council, 87

Grande Harmonie, Société de la, 147

Grande Place (Brussels), 48-49, 96, 100, 365
(Ypres), 251

Grant-Smith, 3

Grenadiers, 3

Grétry, 52

Groenendal, 58, 59
Château, 59

Grunne, de, 339

Gueux, the, 95

Guides Regiment, 4, 60, 61

Guy (of Anderlecht), 14, 15, 16

H

Haarlem, 96

Hainault, 33, 79, 87, 141, 142, 331

Hal, 332, 333

Han, 345
Grottes de, 345-346

Hall, Mr., 123

Hapsburgs, the, 19

Havre, 137, 342, 371

Havré, 336

Hennebicq, 76

Henry, Cardinal of Winchester, 88

Herzèle, 247

Hill, Mr. James J., 121

Hoboken, 282

Hochstetter, 284-303

Hofstade, 366

Holland, 12, 87, 98

Holy Blood, chapel of, 239

Hoorn, Count, 91, 95, 96

Hoover, Mr., 412, 417

Hôtel de Ville (Brussels), 16, 48, 49, 166

Hougomont, 63, 104

Houllos, 139

Hubert, St., 58, 345

I

Inquisition, 18, 96, 236

International Association for the Suppression of the Slave Trade
and the Opening of Central Africa, 114

Isabella, Duchess (of Burgundy), 89
Princess (of Portugal), 90, 185
Infanta, 99, 165

J

Jacqueline of Bavaria, 86, 87

Jallet, 352

Jenneval, 210

Joanna, 92

Johanna, 84

John the First, 17
the Fearless, 86
Don, of Austria, 97

Jordaens, Jacob, 165, 191, 199, 200

Josephine (Princess), 119

Joseph II, 101, 102

Joyous Entry, the, 84, 100, 110, 194

Judith, 69

Jungblüth, General, 120

Jupille, 342, 343

K

Karcher, Nicholas and Jean, 173

King Albert Hospital, 386

King of the Belgians, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 25, 26, 27, 30, 41, 42, 57,
61, 117-125, 137, 147, 371, 381, 384, 395, 396, 400

L

La Belle Alliance, 63, 104

Lac d'Amour, 238

Laeken, 25, 30, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 112, 394

La Haye Sainte, 63, 104

Lalaing, Comte de, 380

Lalaing, Countess van, 193

Lambeaux, Jef, 205

Lambremont, Baron, 120

La Panne, 367, 391, 395, 397, 400, 401, 402, 426

"La Princesse Maleine," 216

La Roches, 345

Last Communion of St. Francis, 198

_L'Echo Belge_, 386

Ledeganck, 210

Legation, 2, 3, 20

Lemonnier, Camille, 213

Leopold I (Prince, of Saxe-Coburg), 107, 108, 374

Leopold II, King, 19, 25, 32, 39, 42, 51, 85, 108-114, 242
Prince, 395
of Austria, 102

Le Pays Noir, 140

Lerberghe, Charles van, 221, 222, 224

Le Roeulx, 339

Lesbroussart, 210

Leys, 202

Liberals (political party), 112, 127, 129, 132-134

Liège, 52, 69, 124, 136, 139, 141-144, 331, 341, 342, 343, 361-363,
371, 374, 377, 392
Bishop of, 58, 70, 89
Marshal of, 352

Lierre, 422

Ligne, Prince Charles de, 32, 33, 332
Princesse, 33, 34, 391, 392
Prince George de, 388
(family), 10, 31, 33, 332, 334, 335
Prince Edward, 391

Ligny, 103

Lille, 162

Limburg, 84

Locquenghieu, Chevalier de, 8

Lombaertzyde, 248

Lorand, M., 116, 117

Lorinnes, Curé of, 393

Lorraine (Lotharingia), 74, 91
Count Lambert of, 16
Duke Charles of, 16
Prince Charles of, 101

Loti, Pierre, 251

Louis XIV, 34, 100

Louis XI of France, 92

Louise, 109

Louvain, 18, 52, 84, 230-232, 371, 372, 373, 374, 384, 393, 423
Counts of, 70

Louvain, University of, 94, 231, 373
Hotel de Ville, 230, 232
Cathedral, 370

Lovenjoul, Vicomte de Spoelberch, de, 220

Low Countries, 51, 68, 92, 93, 97

Luetwitz, von, 369

Luxembourg, 87, 341, 383
Duke of, 2
Counts of, 351, 352, 359

M

Maecht, Philip de, 173

Maele, Louis de, 83, 84

Maestricht, 97

Maeterlinck, 152, 207, 213-219, 224, 237

Maison du Peuple, 152

Maison du Roi, 46, 96

Malines (Mechlin), 147, 195, 196, 200, 232-233, 366, 370, 371, 374,
422, 423
Cathedral, 233

Mannikin, the, 49

Marburg, Mr., 20

Margaret of Austria, 92, 159 of Parma, 94-96

Marie Elizabeth, Archduchess, 100

Marie Henriette, Archduchess, 109

Marie José, Princess, 25

Marie - Louise - Alexandrine-Caroline, 119

Marie, Jean de, 89

Marncourt, Renard de, 173

Marriage of St. Catherine, 186, 187

Martel, Charles, 68

Mary (of Burgundy), 92

Matilda, 75

Matsys, Quentin, 144, 191,
(Blacksmith of Antwerp), 303-313

Maugis, 349

Max, Burgomaster, 8, 9, 364

Maximilian of Austria, 92
Second, 99

Maximilian of Austria (Emperor), 108

Melba, 53

Melis, 13, 14

Melusine, 333

Memling, Hans, 179, 186-189, 190, 191, 240

Menapians, 66

Mercier, Cardinal, 370, 375

Mérode, Comte Jean de, 5
Comtesse, 31, 392
(family), 389

Meunier, Constantin, 205

Meuse (river), 331, 332, 349, 353, 361
Valley, 65, 346

Michael the Archangel, 16

Middelkerke, 367

Middlebourg, 162

Minister, American, 2, 8, 388, 399

Minister of Foreign Affairs, 11, 12

Minister, Spanish, 8, 382

Miraculous Draught of Fishes, 195, 196

Mockel, Albert, 223

Monnaie, Place de la, 50

Mons, 140, 335-336, 364, 411, 418

Moor, Baron de, 4

Mortlake, 167, 170, 173

"Musette de Portici," 107

N

Namur, 79, 331, 341, 342, 353-354, 363, 374, 384
Counts of, 70, 351, 352

Napoleon, 102-105, 147

Napoleon III, 108

Nash, Miss Hildegarde, 55

Netherlands, 68, 70, 74, 75, 92, 94, 99, 170, 171
Austrian, 100, 231
United, 106

Neuve Chapelle, 403

Nibelungen Lied, 207

Nieker, von, 369

Nieuport, 248, 367, 395

Nieuport-Bains, 248

Nieuwenhoven, Martin van, 187

Noort, Adam van, 193

Normans, 69, 75

Notre Dame du Sablon, 158
Church of, 158 (Malines), 195, 196, 370

O

OEuvre des Soldats Belges, Franco-American, 13

Ophem, 339

Orange, Prince of, 8
(William the Silent), 95, 97, 98
Nassau, family of, 107
House of, 192

Ostend, 137, 236, 242-244, 342, 367, 379, 390

Oudenarde, 162, 163, 164, 165

P

Pack, Governor, 37

Paele, Canon van de, 185, 186
Madonna of, 185-6

Palais de Justice, 365

Palais de la Nation, 50

Pannemaker, Willem de, 172

Papal Nuncio, 8, 10, 38

Parnasse de la Jeune Belgique, la, 213

Pendleton, Miss Charlotte, 168

Penelope, 161

Pepin of Heristall, 68
the Short, 342

Perch, Baron de, 8

Perwez, 340

Peter the Hermit, 72

Philip of Alsace (Count of Flanders), 73, 79, 208
the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 84, 86
the Good, 16, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 159, 183, 185, 187, 240
Second, of Spain, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 172, 209
the Fair, 92, 159

Philip, Duke, of Saxe-Coburg, 109

Philippeville, 393

Picardie, 346

Pirenne, Henri, 220

Plantyn-Moretus Museum, 234

Plantyn, Christopher, 234

Pléiade, 213

Poe, 242

Poplimont (quoted), 33

Potvin, Charles, 207, 212

Prier, Toussaint, 163

Q

Quartier Leopold, 20, 50, 51

Quatre Bras, 103, 104

Queen, the (of the Belgians), 6, 7, 10, 11, 25, 26, 27, 41, 42, 47,
61, 122, 123, 125, 147, 148, 381, 391, 395, 400, 419

R

Raes, Jean, 174

Red Cross, American, 400, 426, 427

Renkin, M., 117

Requesens, 97

_Revue de Belgique_, 212

Rhine, 66, 67

Richard, Earl of Warwick, 88

Richilde, Countess of Hainault and Namur, 79

Robert the Frisian, 79

Rochefort, 345

Rodenbach, Georges, 224

Roi, Jean Grégoire le, 214, 221

Roland (bell), 93, 238

Rombeaux, Egide, 205

Ronner, Madame, 204

Roosbeke, battle of, 84

Rooses, Max, 163, 202, 205

Roost, Jean, 173

Rouart, 349

Roubaix, Jean de, 185, 247

Roulers, 244
Convent at, 244-246

Rubens, Peter Paul, 99, 191-199, 200
John, 192

Rudolph, Crown Prince, of Austria, 109

Ruysbroeck, 209

S

Sainte Barbe, College of, 214, 224

Saint-Vaast, monastery of, 89

"Salon Bleu," 26

Sambre (river), 332, 353, 354

Saxe, Marshal, 19, 101

Saxon League, 67

Saxony, Anne of, 192

Schaffen, 372

Scheldt, the, 13, 69, 74, 235, 255, 331

Scott, William B., 184

Seaman, Major, 121

Sempst, 366

Senne, the, 15, 17

Severin, Fernand, 222

Sluys, victory of, 83

Socialism, 127, 151

Socialists (political party), 127, 129, 135, 137

Soignes, Forêt de, 57, 58, 59, 340, 397

Somme, the, 69

Spa, 341, 343-344

Spaniards' Castle, 93

"Spanish Fury," 97

Spanish Netherlands, 33

St. André, church of, 279

St. Géry, church of, 16

St. Gudule, church of, 10, 29, 30

St. Hubert, church of, 344
hermitage of, 354

St. Ives, college of, 373

St. Jean, 62

St. John's Hospital (Bruges), 186

St. Peter and St. Guy, church of, 16

St. Peter, church of (Louvain), 143, 373

St. Quentin, 364

Stanley, 114

States-General, 87, 94

Stephanie, 109, 110

Stevens, 204

Stoelkens, Beatrix, 158

Storer, Mr. Bellamy, 20

Straten, Pierre van der, 399

T

Tamines, 374, 422

Teniers, David, 165

Terlinden, Lieutenant, 62

Termeire, 12

Termonde, 236, 366, 393

Théâtre de la Monnaie, 106

Third Estate, 87

Thompson, 53-54

Tirlemont, 375

Tongres, Lucius de, 207

Tournai, 69, 162, 163, 374, 379

Tremeloo, 372

"Triumphs and Types of the Eucharist," 165

Troyes, Crestien de, 208

Truce of God, the, 79

Tyndale, 232

U

United Belgian States, 102

Ursel, Duc d', 13, 57
Comte Wolfgang d', 32
Comtesse Wolfgang d', 32
Duchesse, 13, 31, 32, 57
Duchess Dowager, 13, 32
family, 31, 32
Palais, 32

Ursula, St., 188-9
Mother, 245

Utrecht, Union of, 98
peace of, 99

V

Vanderkindère, 212

Vandervelde, M., 115, 116, 127, 137
Madame, 95, 421, 423, 425

Veen, Otto van, 193

Vendôme, Duc de, 120
Henriette, 120

Verhaeren, Emile, 124, 210, 213, 223-229, 362

Verviers, 143, 384

Vesalius, Andreas, 18

Victor Napoleon, Prince, 109

Vilain XIIII, Comte, 34, 35

Villaloba, Marquis, 8

Villeroi, Marshal, 19

Vilvorde, 232

Visé, 331, 360, 393, 422

Volkson, Father von, 379

Vondel, 209

Vooruit, the, 151-2

Vydts, Jodocus, 183, 184

W

Waal, 66

Waelhem, 422

Walker, Madame, 54

Walloon (Provinces), 13, 67, 139
(individuals), 72
(people), 98, 126, 331, 332

Warlemont, Maurice, 213

Waterloo, 59, 62-64, 103, 104, 106

Waulsort, 346, 347

Wauters, 204

Wavre, 340

Waxweiler, M., 120

Wellington (Duke of), 103, 104

Wenzel of Luxembourg, 84

Werchter Wackerzeel, 372

Westende, 367

Weyden, Roger van der, 163, 189, 190

Whitlock, Mr. Brand, 8, 20, 382, 412

Wiart, M. Carton de, 35, 421,
Madame, 369

Wielt, 396

Wiertz, 203
Museum, 203, 212

Willebroeck Canal, 8

Willems, 210

William the Conqueror, 75
First, 106

Woelmonts (the), 399

Y