Chapter VII: Part 7

=Portus Adurni=, possibly origin of a track to London, 200;
doubts on its equivalence to Shoreham, 200.

=Portus Lemanis=, the modern Lympne, perhaps original of Old
Road, 27;
its connection with the earliest crossing of the Straits, 35.

=Puttenham=, apparent exception to straightness of Old Road at,
mentioned, 105;
example of church passed to south, 110;
medieval market at, 158;
diversion of Old Road at, discussed, 159-161 (and map);
neolithic and bronze remains at, 161.

=Quarley Hill=, on original track of Old Road, 27.

=Quarry Hangers=, east of Red Hill, too steep to take Old Road,
205, 206;
arrival at summits of, 207.

=Ramsgate=, one of modern harbours on northern shore of Straits,
its artificial character, 36.

=Reconstruction of Old Road.= See '=Method=.'

=Reculvers=, one of original harbours in connection with crossing
Straits of Dover, 35.

=Reef=, of Calvados, 50;
off Ventnor, 55.

=Reformation=, effect of, on Old Road, 221-224.

=Reigate=, derivation of name of, and relation to Old Road, 199.

=Religion=, effect of a road on development of, 7;
effect of Dark Ages on, in Britain, 80;
preserves and recovers Old Road, 92-94.

=Representative System=, monastic origin of, 86.

=Richborough=, one of original harbours on northern shore of the
Straits, 35 (Rutupiae);
alternative harbour in original crossing, 36.

=Road=, the, primeval importance of, 4-5.

=---- Old.= See '=Old Road=.'

=Road, Roman.= See '=Roman Road=.'

=---- Flanking.= See '=Flanking Roads=.'

=---- Turnpike.= See '=Turnpike=.'

=Roads, prehistoric=, in England, correspond to five hill ranges,
15 (with map);
difficulty of recovering, 74-75;
especially preserved in Britain, 78;
and their destruction in twelfth century, 84, 85.

=Roman Britain=, imperfect occupation of, 76, 77.

=Roman Coins=, discovery of, at Gatton, 203;
at Boxley, 253 (note 2).

=Roman Remains=, near Itchen Abbas, 126 (and note);
near Farnham, 153;
at Colley Farm and Walton Heath, 197;
at Titsey Park, 214;
at Lower Halling, Snodland, Burham, Little Culand, 251;
Plaxtol and Thurnham, Boxley, 253 (note 2).

=Roman Road=, definite character of a, 74;
from Winchester to Silchester, site of, 119, 124 (and note);
conjectural from Portus Adurni to London, 200;
at base of Upwood Scrubbs, 208.

=Ropley=, passage of Pilgrimage through, and position on Old Road,
136 (and note);
valley of, track of Old Road through, 137 (map).

=Rutupiae.= See =Reculvers=.

=Rye=, one of original harbours on northern shores of Straits, 35.

=St. Catherine's Chapel=, near Guildford, discussed in connection
with passage of River Wey, 163-165.

=---- Down=, in Isle of Wight. See '=Isle of Wight=.'

=---- Hill=, camp at Winchester, compared to Bigberry Camp, 70.

=St. Martha's=, doubtful whether passed to north or south, 110;
derivation of name, 170;
described, passed, 172.

=St. Swithin=, his shrine at Winchester, 71.

=St. Thomas à Becket=, his shrine at Canterbury destroys that of
St. Swithin at Winchester, 71;
pilgrimage to tomb of, see '=Pilgrimage=';
his martyrdom, turning-point of twelfth century, 89;
date of martyrdom, jubilee and translation, 91;
his chapel at Reigate, 200.

=Salisbury Plain=, area of convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.

=Sandwich=, one of harbours on northern shore of Straits, 35.

=Scilly Isles=, their identification with Cassiterides doubtful,
20.

'=Second Crossing=,' passage of Channel from Cotentin to Wight
so called, 46;
its advantages, 48;
map of, 49;
high land marking either shore, 50-51;
great advantage of its English harbours, 55;
the direct route to the centre at Salisbury Plain, 56;
principal cause of development of Winchester, _ibid._

=Seale=, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to
south of, 110;
passed, 157.

=Seine=, estuary of, its importance in production of Second
Crossing, 48, 49 (and map).

=Severn=, valley of, importance as metallic centre, 20.

=Shalford=, Becket's fair at, 158;
passage of Wey at, discussed, 164-167 (and map).

=Shere=, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, doubtful, 110;
probable track of Old Road through, described, 175.

=Shoelands=, passed on journey, 157;
significance of name, 157.

=Shrines=, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, 71;
of St. Thomas à Becket. See '=St Thomas=.'

=Snodland=, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110;
crossing of Medway at, discussed, 248-253 (and map), 236.

=South Country=, originally wealthiest portion of the island,
23, 24.

=Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead=, regarded as one
harbour, north of 'Second Crossing,' 55.

=South Downs=, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16.

=Stane Street=, example of evidences of a Roman road, 74;
disuse in Middle Ages, 87;
crosses Mole at Burford Bridge, 185.

=Stoke=, meaning of, in place-names, 127.

=Stonehenge=, and Avebury, mark convergence of prehistoric
roads, 16;
original starting-point of Old Road, 27.

=Stour, River=, importance of in development of Canterbury,
42, 43;
compared to Itchen, 68, 69;
source in Lenham, 259;
entry of Old Road into valley of, 260, 262.

=Straits of Dover=, importance of, to England alluded to, 17;
discussed at length, 29-40;
complexity of tides in, 32;
opposite shores visible, 32;
original harbours of, 35;
original crossing of, 37-39.

=Street=, =Stane=, =Ermine=, =Watling=. See under these names.

=Street=, in place-names indicates passage of a road, 136 (and
note 2).

=Swegen=, his march through the Worthies, 126.

=Thomas à Becket, St.= See '=St. Thomas=.'

=Ticino=, example of advantage of partial isolation, 30.

=Tide=, multiplicity of harbours due to their complexity, 31-32;
in Straits of Dover, 37-39;
limit of, on Stour, 43;
and on Itchen, forming Canterbury and Winchester, 68;
political importance of limit of, _e.g._ at Snodland, 252.

=Tin=, mined originally in Cornwall, 20.

=Titsey Church=, old, example of church passed to south by Old
Road, 110;
passed on journey, 216.

=---- Park=, discoveries in, mentioned, 82;
flanking road on hills to east of, 107;
Roman remains of, and passage of Old Road through, 214.

=Towns=, inland, advantages for defence over seaports, 67;
avoided by Old Road, exceptions to this, 149.

=Trottescliffe.= See =Coldrum=.

=Turnpike Roads=, second cause of preservation of Old Road, 76, 95.

=Twelfth Century=, revolution of the, 84-87.

=Upwood Scrubbs=, near Caterham, Old Road lost in, 208.

=Valleys=, examples of advantages of partial isolation, 31;
of Wey, Itchen, Darent, Medway, etc. See under these names.

=Varne=, sand-buoy, alluded to, 37.

=Walton Heath=, Roman remains at, 197.

=Watershed=, method of crossing one, 60-61;
that between Itchen and Wey, 61-62 (and map);
proximity of, to Medstead, 113;
direct approach to, an argument for Itchen Stoke Ford, 131;
also for coincidence of Old Road with Brisland Lane, 135;
how approached from Ropley valley, 137 (and map);
passed on journey, 140;
map of, in detail, 143;
of Medway and Stour, 259.

=Watling Street=, alluded to, 18;
preserved when others disappeared in twelfth and thirteenth
centuries, 86.

=Wells=, in churches, list of, 57 (note).

=Welsh Road=, preserved, like the Old Road, by turnpikes, 95-96.

=West Country=, importance of, in early times, 19-22;
spirit of, 21.

=Weston=, or =Albury Wood=, Old Road passes to north of,
106 (note);
this part of road described in journey, 173.

=Weston Street=, old name for Albury, significant of passage of
Old Road, 136 (note 2).

=West Street=, near Lenham, place-name significant of passage of
Old Road, 136 (note 2).

=Wey River=, discussion of how crossed by Old Road near Shalford,
164-167 (and map).

=----= valley of, forms Winchester to Farnham road, 60;
its geological conditions beyond Alton, 152 (and note);
coincidence of Old and modern road in, 149-152 (and map);
Roman remains in, 153.

=Whitchurch=, on original track of Old Road, 27.

=Whiteways=, point in Hog's Back where Old Road branches from
Turnpike, 156.

=Wight, Isle of.= See '=Isle of Wight=.'

=Winchelsea=, one of original harbours on northern shore of
Straits, 35.

=Winchester=, why the origin of Old Road in its final form,
causes of development of, 45-57;
inland town of the Second Crossing, 56;
great age of, 56;
compared to Chartres, 57;
compared with Canterbury, 66-71;
beginning of decay of, after twelfth century, 87;
arrangement of Roman streets in, 117;
site of north gate of, 118.

=Winds=, prevailing in Straits of Dover, 33;
effect of, on original crossing, 34;
prevailing, of 'Second Crossing,' 48 (map), 49.

=Worthies=, =Headbourne=, =King's=, =Martyrs'=. See under these
names.

=Wrotham=, relation of, to Old Road, 226-227 (and map);
view from, 231-233.

=Wye=, in Kent, why unsuitable as a centre for Kentish ports,
42-44.

=Yaldham=, relation of, to Old Road, 226, 227 (and map).

=Yarmouth=, in Isle of Wight one of harbours of Second Crossing,
54.

=Yews=, often mark Old Road, 103;
indicate recovery of road at Box Hill, 186.

=Yew Walk=, at Albury, mentioned, 174.

=York=, why Roman capital, 65.

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