Chapter XXXIV: Epilogue

_MANA_ was once more back in England, and her crew went each on his way. The Brixham and Lowestoft men returned to their homes, having at least enlarged their knowledge of the world. Rosa, the Chilean engineer, and the Jamaican cook disappeared to get engagements back to their respective lands; Rosa, we trust, to realise his dreams of a shop and a wife at St. Vincent. Mr. Gillam applied for service in the Royal Navy, and subsequently became a sub-lieutenant in the R.N.R.

The two Pitcairners were the last left on board; they had proved themselves very intelligent, as well as good workers. Charles could, it is believed, have passed an examination on every port he had visited, and how long he had stayed in each. We endeavoured to make some amends for our lack of Mendelian research on their island, by sending them up to the Royal College of Surgeons, where they were thoroughly measured and examined by Professor Keith.[94]

A still more signal honour awaited them; they were commanded to Buckingham Palace as representatives of England’s smallest colony. Mr. Gillam took charge of them in London. He was not intimately acquainted with the great city, and used the map as he would a chart, disdaining the main thoroughfares, unless they lay on the direct route, and steering a straight course by weird and mysterious alleys. Any way, his charges were produced in good time at the Palace.

During the arrangements for the interview, S. had stated that the men spoke “the pure Elizabethan English of the Bible and Prayer Book”; their vocabulary, however, had been enlarged on _Mana_, and I was not without trepidation lest such expressions might crop out as “I don’t mind if I do”; which is considered at Brixham the most courteous form of polite acceptance. All, however, went well. Charles, who acted as spokesman, after a first embarrassment answered readily the questions asked by the King. The Queen graciously accepted some specimens of Pitcairn handiwork, and the men were much impressed with the kindness and condescension of their Majesties.

Incidentally, during the interview with which we were previously honoured, they made great friends with the royal footman who was on duty outside. He was of course a very imposing person in scarlet and gold, and they shook hands affectionately with him on leaving. Cuttings from the newspapers of official and other paragraphs, announcing the reception of the two inhabitants of Pitcairn by King George and Queen Mary, were taken back by them to be inserted in the State records of the island. Posts were obtained for both men on a New Zealand liner, and we have since heard that they have safely returned to their home, having made the voyage from Tahiti on a little schooner which the plucky Pitcairners have built since we were there. It is to be hoped that this boat may continue a success and solve many of the problems of the island.

This narrative cannot close without that note of pride and sadness which, alas, characterises so many records at this time in the history of the world. Since the first chapter was written two more of our company have laid down their lives. The words of appreciation which it was hoped would have given pleasure can only be wreaths to their memory. Charles Jeffery, of Lowestoft, who joined at Whitstable and was with us to the last, who grew from boyhood to manhood on _Mana_, has met with a hero’s death on a minesweeper.

Henry James Gillam rests in a Sicilian grave. Volunteers were called for, for specially dangerous work in capturing submarines; Gillam responded—it is impossible to picture his doing otherwise—and he fell in action in April 1918. The loss to his country is great; to us it is very real and personal. The whole voyage of the _Mana_ is a tribute to his skill. His high intelligence and character secured him universal confidence, while his unvarying good temper—in bad times as well as in good—made him a delightful companion. One can only think of him in that other life as still keen for some new work or enterprise, and carrying it out with perfect loyalty and success.

Thus from land and sea, in defence of a Great Cause, have our comrades of the Expedition made their last voyage “westward.”

I know not where His islands lift
Their fronded palms in air;
I only know I cannot drift
Beyond His love and care.
WHITTIER.

* * * * *

And now the story is told. The Expedition has, we hope, brought some new pieces to fit into the puzzle which it went out to study, but the help is needed of every reader who has more to bring, from whatever part of the world; so alone can be finally solved the Mystery of Easter Island.

ITINERARY OF THE EXPEDITION

OUTWARD VOYAGE

Left Southampton Feb. 28 1913 Dartmouth March 1–5 „ Falmouth March 6–25 „ Madeira April 13–16 „ Grand Canary April 18—May 10 „ Cape Verde Islands May 17–29 „ Pernambuco June 15–21 „ Bahia de Todos os Santos June 25–26 „ Cabral Bay July 2–4 „ Cape Frio July 10–12 „ Rio de Janeiro July 14–23 „ Porto Bello Bay July 27—Aug. 2 „ Buenos Aires Aug. 17—Sept. „ 19 Port Desire Oct. 3–6 „ Entered Magellan Straits Oct. 16 „ Punta Arenas Oct. 20—Nov. 29 „ Entered Patagonian Channels Dec. 11 „ Left Patagonian Channels Jan. 6 1914 Talcahuano Jan. 14—Feb. 13 „ Juan Fernandez Feb. 16—Feb. 19 „ Valparaiso Feb. 22—Feb. 28 „ Juan Fernandez March 4—March 9 „

EASTER ISLAND

Arrival at the Island March 29 1914 _Mana_ leaves May 23 „ Native rising begins July 1 „ Arrival of Chilean warship Aug. 4 „ _Mana_ returns Aug. 23 „ _Mana_ leaves (second time) Sept. 4 „ Visit from Von Spee’s squadron Oct. 12–18 „ S. R. goes to Chile Dec. 5 „ Visit of _Prinz Eitel Friedrich_ Dec. 23–31 „ Return of _Mana_ with S. R. March 15 1915 _Mana_ leaves (third time) March 17 „ _Mana_ returns May 28 „ Expedition leaves the Island Aug. 18 „

HOMEWARD VOYAGE

Pitcairn Island Aug. 27—Sept. 1 1915 Tahiti Sept. 16—Oct 8 „ Honolulu Nov. 11—Dec. 1 „ _Mana_ leaves Honolulu Nov. 28, arr. San Francisco Dec. 25 „ Hawaii Dec. 2–6 „ San Francisco arr. Dec. 14, 1915—Jan. 20, 1916 [K.R. leaves Jan. 16—reaches England Feb. 6, 1916] San Francisco left Jan. 20 „ Socorro Feb. 5–6 „ Quibo March 7–9 „ Panama March 13–16 „ Through the Canal March 17–18 „ Cristobal March 18–26 „ Jamaica April 7–9 „ Bermuda May 2–12 „ Azores May 31—June 1 „ Southampton June 25 „

INDEX

_Note._—Entries other than proper names refer to Easter Island, unless
otherwise stated. References to illustrations are given in text.

Acklin Island, Bahamas, 376–7

Aconcagua Mount, 105

Ahu:
— for bird-men, 191, 264
— canoe-shaped, 230–1
— definition, 166
— destruction, 172–3, 299–300
— exposure and interment of dead, 170–1, 229 and note (fig.)
— forms, different, list of, 231 note
— image ahu, description, 167–71
— converted to semi-pyramid type, 172, 229
_see also_ Statues
— number, 166–8, 231 note
— pavement ahu, 231
— poe-poe: _see_ canoe-shaped and wedge-shaped.
— position, 166
— semi-pyramid type, 172
— unclassified, 231 footnote
— for warriors (Mata-toa), 231
— wedge-shaped, 231
— for individual ahu _see_ placenames.

Akahanga, 194

Akikuyu, 166, 201, footnote, 327, 376

Aku-aku: _see_ Religion—supernatural beings

Ana: _see_ Cave

Anakena, Easter Island:
— bird-man, resort of, from western clans, 263
— in legend, 278–81, 284, 295
— Ngaara headquarters of, 241–2
— statue at, 187–8, 269–75
— tablets inspected at, 245–6

Angata, native prophetess:
— dreams, 142–3
— funeral of, 149, 275
— visit to, 144–5

Angosto Harbour, Magellan Straits, 80

_Annie Larsen_, ship, 348–9

Anson:
— at Juan Fernandez, 111
— at St. Catharina Island, 49
— wreck of the _Wager_, 97

Ao, clans celebrating bird rites: _see under_ Bird Cult

Ao, dancing-padde, 259, 261, 268

Apépé, ahu, 257 footnote

Ara Mahiva (road), 198

Araucanians, resistance to Spaniards, 99

Argentina:
— British, commercial and legal status, 63–4
— history, 52
— inhabitants, 59
— social conditions, 61–3
— women, 61–2

Arii Taimai: _see_ Pomare family

Ariki, chiefs, 241–3, 298: _see also_ Ngaara and Kaimokoi

Astronomy, study of, 235

Atalaya, Grand Canary, 23

Atua: _see_ Religion—supernatural beings

Azores, 383–4

Bahia, 38–9

Bailey, cook on _Mana_, 75, 155, 321

Balboa, Panama, 361–2

Balfour, H., 296

Banks, Sir Joseph, account of marae, 320

_Baquedano_, ship: _see Jeneral Baquedano_

Bartram, fisherman of Bermuda, 381

Beards of statues, 269, 275

Beechey, of H.M.S. _Blossom_, account of Easter Island, 204–5, 210, 220

Benson, Captain, of _El Dorado_, boat voyage, 127

Berkeley, San Francisco: _see_ California University

Bermuda, history and description, 378–83

Bird cult:
— Ao clans celebrating bird rites, 258–60, 264–6
— bird designs, 259, 269
— bird, sacred (manu-tara):
— arrival of, 261–2
— nestlings (_Piu_), 264–5
— species, Easter and Solomon Islands, 296
— bird-men (tangata-manu):
— carvings of, 262–3
— possession of sacred egg, 260–2, 263–4
— taboo, period of, 263–4
— dates connected with, 265
— decadence of, 265–6
— deities connected with, 260
— egg, sacred, search and disposal, 258, 261–4
— hopu, 260–2, 264–6
— initiation of children (manumo-te-poki), 267–9, 291
— in Solomon Islands, 296–8

“Biscuit-Tin,” 30

Bishop Museum: _see_ Honolulu

Bornier, Captain Dutrou:
— exploitation of Easter Island, 124, 207–8
— murder, 125–6, 208

_Bounty_, ship, mutiny, 305

Brander, firm of, 208, 209, 216

Brazil:
— history and descriptions, 34–49
— name explained, 40

British Museum:
— letter _re_ Easter Is., 204 footnote
— statue, larger: _see_ Orongo statue
— smaller, 197, 208
— wooden carvings at, 268

British Museum of Natural History, gift to, 381

Buenos Aires:
— description, 58
— docks, 53–4
— an _estancia_, 55–6
— meat trade, 56–8
— prices, rents, and wages, 60

Burial: _see_ Dead, disposal of

Burial-places: _see_ Ahu, Caves, etc.

Cabral, discovery of Brazil, 34, 40

Cabral Bay, 40–1

Cairns:
— legends _re_, 232, 278
— memorial, 232

Caldero: _see_ Atalaya

California:
— history and descriptions, 328–32
— university, 330

Calvo, Señor, 61

Canary Isles: _see_ Grand Canary

Cannibalism, 173, 225–6, 259, 280, 283, 285

Canoes, 278, 283, 296

Canoe-shaped ahu: _see under_ Ahu

Cape Verde Islands, history and descriptions, 27–31

Caribbean sea, 368

Caroline Islands, 302

Carvings:
— in stone: on Motu Nui, 261, 275
at Orongo, 262–3
_see_ Statues, design on, and carvings incised on
in wood:
— human figures, 268–70
— objects, 268
_see also under_ Ao; Lizards, wooden; Rei-miro

Caves:
— Ana Havea, 215, 285
— Ana Kai-Tangata, 259
— Ana Te Ava-nui, 284–7
— as burial-places, 225–6, 231–2, 274–5
— as dwellings, 215, 272–3
— geological formation, 272
— as hiding-places, 272, 281
— inaccessible, 273
— as store houses, 247, 273

_Challenger_, ship:
— at Hale Cove, 96
— at Port Churruca, 84 footnote

Charrua Bay, Patagonia, 86–7

Chatham Islands, 296, 302

Chicken-houses, 218

Chickens: _see_ Fowls

Chile:
— British in, 102
— finance, 102
— fruit, 104
— history and descriptions, 99–107
— Trans-Andine Railway: _see_ that title

Christmas:
— 1913, in Patagonian Channels, 94
— 1914, _Prinz Eitel Friedrich_ at Easter Island, 157–8
— 1915, at San Francisco, 330

Clans:
— bird cult celebration, 258
— leadership, 224
— names and localities, 221–3
— wars between, 223–4, 282–9
_see under_ respective names

Cockburn Channel, Patagonia, 78

Cochrane, Admiral, 99

Coiba Island: _see_ Quibo Island

Colon, Panama: _see_ Cristobal-Colon

Columbus, at Porto Santo, 16

Connor Cove, Patagonia, 92–3

Cook, Captain:
— early account of Easter Island, 202–4
— at Hawaiian Island, 322
— at Tahiti, 316, 320, 326

Cook’s Bay:
— arrival of Expedition in, 124
— Germans at, 152, 156–9
— H.M.S. _Topaze_ at, 257

_Cornhill Magazine_, reference to expedition, 152

Cristobal-Colon, Panama, 364–7

Crooked Island, Bahamas, 376

Crowns:
— of bird-men, 263
— of natives, 218
— of Paina, 233
— of statues, 166, 197, 199, 218, 301

Cruising Club Cove, Socorro Island, 343
_see also_ Royal Cruising Club

Cuatro Puertas, Montana de las, _see_ Telde

Davis Island or David’s Island, S. Pacific, 200

Dead, disposal of:
— on ahu (exposure and interment), 170–1, 229–30
— articles placed with, 170, 264, 275–6
— burials in caves, 225–6, 231–2
— in crevasses, 231
— recent, near statues, 190–1
— funerals, popularity of, 228–9

Desolation Island, Patagonia, 82–4

Devil-fish, 352–3

Doldrums, 322

Drake, Sir Francis:
— exploration of coast of Patagonia, 65
— at St. Julian, 68
— vessels of, compared with _Mana_, 18 footnote

_Dresden_, German cruiser:
— at Easter Island, 152
— destruction at Juan Fernandez, 113, 163
— in Magellan Straits, 78

Dress, ancient, 218–9
— modern, 151

Early voyagers: _see_ History and Religion

Ears:
— distention of:
— Akikuyu custom of, 166, 201
— on Easter Island:
— early accounts, 201–2, 204
— practice abandoned, 220–1, 300
— recent examples, 220, 227
— Melanesians’ custom of, 296
— Long-eared and Short-eared peoples, legend and theories _re_,
280–2, 294, 300 footnote
— of stone statues, 166
— of wooden statues, 269, 271

Earthquakes, 103, 173

Easter Island:
— caves: _see under_ that head
— Chilean annexation, 209
— climate, 136–7
— description, general, 131–3
— food supplies:
— in early times, 216–8
— modern, 138
— geology, 131–3, 210, 272
— history, 124, 200–9
— insect life, 137
— names of, 209–10
— navigation difficulties, 128–9
— water-supply, 132, 137–8, 174

Easter Islanders:
— origin
— legendary: _see under_ Legends
— scientific study of, 295–8
— colour of skin, 221–35
— conversion to Christianity, 206
— description by early voyagers, 200, 205
—dishonesty, 141, 201, 203, 261
— dress: _see under_ that head
— epidemics:
— dysentery, 155, 160
— phthisis, 206
— smallpox, 205–6
— language: _see under_ that head
— mode of life:
— ancient, 215–20
— modern, 140
— numbers, 125, 203, 215
— old people, 211
_see also_ Jotefa, Kapiera, Kilimuti, Porotu, Tomenika, Te Haha,
Viriamo
— Peru, carried off to, 205
— rising amongst, 142–9
— women, 139, 227–8

Edmunds, Mr., Manager at Easter Island, 125
— experience _re_ caves, 274
— house: _see under_ Mataveri
— in native rising, 141, 143–4, 147
— stories of Easter Island, 125–8

_El Dorado_, wreck, 126–7

Elephantiasis at Quibo Island, 354–5, 356

English Narrows, Patagonia, 92

Equator, crossing, 33, 120

Eruption of volcano at sea, 370–1

Eyraud, Eugène, missionary to Easter Island, 206

“Fish-men” (Tangata-ika):
— rites for, 229
— tablets for, 229, 248
— term applied, 285, 287

Forster, botanist with Cook’s expedition, 202

Fowls, supply in early times, 201–3
— supposed powers of Miru in connection with, 240–2

“Freeman,” steward on _Mana_, 66, 67, 73

Fremantle, Admiral the Hon. Sir Edmund, 156

Frio, Cape, Brazil, 41–3

Froward Reach, Magellan Strait, 79

Funchal, Madeira, 18

Functions, native, 233–5

Gambier Islands, S. Pacific, Easter Island peopled from, 292–4

Germans:
— Coronel, Battle of, 155
— at Easter Island:
— — _Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, 156–9
— — Von Spee’s squadron, 151–4
— at Juan Fernandez, 113, 163
— in Patagonian waterways, 78
— at Tahiti, 319

Gillam, H. J., Sailing-master on _Mana_, 9, 128, 335, 389, 390

Gonzalez, early account of Easter Island, 202–4
— takes possession for King of Spain, 202, 237, 286

Grand Canary, history and descriptions, 19–27

Grogan, Sir Edward and Lady, 104

Guadia, Señor, 356–8

Guanches, natives of Canary Islands, history, 19

Gwaruti-mata-keva, legend of, 224

Haddon, Dr. A. C., F.R.S., 290

Hale Cove, Patagonia, 92–5

Hamea (Clan), 223, 227, 284

Hamilton, Bermuda, 382

Hanga Maihiko, ahu, 229

Hanga Paukura, ahu, 196, 301

Hanga Piko, 159, 224

Hanga Roa, Easter Island, 124–5, 208
— in legend, 270, 284–5

Harding, Colonel, acting chief of Panama Canal, 361

Haré-a-té-atua: _see_ Religion—ceremonies

Hats: _see_ Crowns

Haumoana, 221, 223, 284

Hawaii:
— descriptions, 325–8
— language, 327

Hawaiian Islands, history and descriptions, 321–2

Hé, native, 224

Heiau, model of, at Puukohola, 323–4, 327

Heu-heu, 245, 246

Hinelilu, leader of Long Ears, 278–9, 281, 282

Hiro, god of sky, 242

Hitiuira clan: _see_ Ureohei

Hoa-haka-nanaia:
— at British Museum, 184
— removal from Orongo, 257

Honaunau, Hawaii, 326

Honolulu, 323–5

Hope-Simpson, Mr., 107, 162

Hotu:
— feud with Ureohei, 225
— skull of, 240–1

Hotu-iti, son of Hotu-matua, 280, 281, 282

Hotu Iti and Kotuu Territorial divisions:
— boundary between on Motu Nui and Orongo, 260, 261
— general position of, 221, 223
— origin of divisions considered, 298
— wars between, 282–9, 300

Hotu-matua, 277–80, 294, 298

Houses:
— burnt in war, 224
— inauguration ceremony, 243
— stone, at Orongo, 255–6
— thatched, 215
— — with stone foundations, 215–6

Ika: _see under_ Script-Kohau-o-te-ika. _Also under_ “Fish-men”
(Tangata-ika)

Images: _see_ Statues

Inca Bridge, Argentina, 105

Indians of Patagonia:
— extermination of, 70
— visits to _Mana_, 87–8, 90–1

Island Harbour, 93

Ivi-atua: _see under_ Religion

Jamaica, history and descriptions, 373–7

Jaussen, Bishop, of Tahiti:
— account of departure of missionaries, 208
— list of chiefs by, 241
— translation of tablets attempted by, 207, 247, 253

_Jean_, French ship:
— crew at Easter Island as prisoners, 160
— destruction by Germans, 157–8, 160

Jeffery, Charles C., boy on _Mana_, 9, 78, 390

_Jeneral Baquedano_, ship, 144, 147–8

Jotefa, native, 266

Joyce, Captain T. A., views on Easter Island, 269, 295–6

Juan Fernandez:
— animals, 112
— _Dresden_ at, 113
— history, 111
— lobster trade, 113
— Selkirk’s look-out and cave, 112–3

Juan Tepano, native, 158, 214, 228, 240, 289

Kaméhaméha, chief of Hawaii, 322, 324, 327

Kaimokoi, son of Ngaara, 241, 246–7

Kainga, legend of, 282–8

Kealekakua, Bay of, Hawaii, 326

Kanakas: _see_ Easter Islanders

Kapiera, native:
— knowledge _re_ wooden carvings, 271
— tau explained by, 251
— wars of Kotuu and Hotu Iti, date of, 289

Kaunga, ceremony, 234–5

Keith, Dr.: report _re_ native skulls, 228, 295

Kelp-geese, 96–7

_Kildalton_, ship captured by Germans, 157–60

Kilauea, Hawaii, 325–6

Kilimuti, native, 261, 274, 281

King George, 390

Kingston, Jamaica, 373, 375

Ko Mari, carved design, 263

Ko Peka, ceremony, 233–4

Ko Tori, last cannibal, 225–6, 266

Kohau: _see_ Tablets

Koro, ceremony, 234–42, 251–2, 267

Koro-orongo clan, 223, 280, 284

Koremaké: _see under_ Religion

Kotuu, son of Hotu-matua, 280, 281, 282

Kotuu, territorial division: _see_ Hotu Iti

Language, 203, 207, 213–4, 295, 327

Lapelin, Admiral T. de, on origin of Easter Islanders, 294–5

La Pérouse, accounts of Easter Island, 202–4, 234

Las Palmas, 22

Legends:
— of arrival of inhabitants on Easter Island (Hotu-matua), 277–80,
282, 294, 298
— from Mangareva, 294–5
— from Rapa-nui, 300
— of cairns and old woman, 232–3
— of first statue, 184
— of Gwaruti-mata-keva (Secret Society), 224
— of Hotu-matua: _see_ Arrival of Inhabitants
— of Long Ears and Short Ears, 280–1
— of Oroi and Hotu-matua, 279–80
— of overthrow of statues, 173, 182
— of supernatural beings, 193, 237–9, 269–70
— of Tuukoihu, 269–70, 283
— of Uré-a-hohové carried off to Paréhé, 237
— of war between Kotuu and Hotu-iti, 282–8
— of wooden figures, 269–70

Lemuria, theories _re_, 290

Leprosy, 212, 250

Light, seaman on _Mana_, 9, 30

Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii, 322, 324

Lisiansky, early account of Easter Island, 204

Lizards, wooden, 238, 243, 268

Llay-Llay, Chile, 104

“Long Ears”: _see under_ Ears

Los Andes, Chile, 104, 106

Lowry-Corry, Frederick:
— death, 110
— joins expedition, 8, 72, 92
— typhoid fever, attack of, 108–9

“Luke,” under-steward on _Mana_, 14, 73–4

Madeira, history and descriptions, 18

Magellan, discovery of Patagonia, 65

Magellan, Straits of, 69–85

Mahaiatea: _see_ Tahiti: Marae

Mahanga, servant, 138–9, 292

_Mana_, vessel of Expedition:
— accident to, at Cristobal, 366–7
— books on board, 11
— building, 4, 6
— crew:
— appointed, 9
— changes at Tahiti, 320
— dispersal of, 389
— danger from German vessels, 156–7, 163
— description, 4–6
— life on board, 115–20
— motor engine trouble, 71
— name explained, 6
— refitting at Talcahuano, 100–1
— return to England, 387
— Royal Cruising Club Challenge Cup gained by, 387 footnote
— size compared with Drake’s vessels, 18
— speed, 17, 19, 33, 117, 150, 331
— stores, 10–13, 20–1, 100–1
— voyages between Easter Island and Chile, 128, 150, 162–3
— water-supply, 10, 47, 116–7

Mana Inlet, Patagonia, 84

Mana, Mount, Socorro Island, 345–6

Mangareva, migration from, 294–5

Manu: _see under_ Bird Cult

Manu-tara: _see_ Bird Cult: Bird, sacred

Maoris, 292

Marae Renga, I., 277, 280

Marae Tohio, I., 277

Marama clan, 221, 246, 258, 280, 284

Marau, Madame: _see_ Pomare family

Marotiri, 284–9

Marquesas, 292, 299

Marriage, 226–8

Martinez, Señor, 31

Maru, 242, 244, 246

Mata: _see_ Clans

Mataa, spear-heads of obsidian, 223, 256, 280, 296

Mataveri, Easter Island:
— bird cult at, 258–9, 264
— camp of expedition at, 134, 145, 155
— house of Mr. Edmunds, 125, 134, 265

Maunga Tea-tea, 286

Maurata, grandson of Ngaara, 246, 247

Melanesian race, relation to Easter Islanders, 291–8

Memorial mounds: _see_ Cairns

Merlet, Señor, chairman of Easter Island company, 107, 209

Mindello, Cape Verde, 28, 31

Miru clan:
— Ariki title of, 241
— fowls power over, 240–2
— Hamea and Raa connection with, 222
— Ngaara: _see under_ that head
— origin legendary, 279
— scientific investigation of, 298, 302
— script connection with, 243
— skulls incised, 240
— wars, 258–84

Missionaries:
— in California, 328
— on Easter Island:
— disputes with Captain Bornier, 208
— early work, 206–7
— sale of rights, 208, 209

Moai: _see_ Statues

_Mohican_, U.S. ship: _see_ Thomson, Paymaster

Morant’s Cays, W. Indies, eruption at, 370–1

Motu Iti, Easter Island, 255

Motu Kao-kao, Easter Island, 255

Motu Nui, Easter Island:
— bird cult at, 255, 258, 260–1
— cave burial-place, 274–5
— in legend, 278, 283
— statue from, 261
— visit to, 257–8

Narborough, Sir John, exploration of Patagonia, 65, 67

New Guinea, 296

New York, 332

Ngaara Ariki or chief:
— bird cult relation to, 260, 298
— burial, 230, 246
— life and position, 241–3, 245, 258
— tablets stolen from, 249

Ngatimo (clan), 221, 284

Ngau-ngau tree, ceremonial use, 243, 262

Ngaure, 223, 227, 246, 258, 284

Oahu: _see_ Honolulu

O’Higgins, Bernardo, 99

Obsidian: _see_ Mataa

Olinda, Brazil, 37

Orange Bay, Patagonia, _Dresden_ at, 78

Orohié, Easter Island:
— ahu, 264
— bird cult at, 264, 267

Oroi:
— ahu of natural, 170
— legend of, 279, 282

Orongo, Easter Island:
— bird cult at, 259–61
— carvings, 262–3
— description, 255
— houses, 256
— legends of, 280, 288
— statue Hoa-haka-nanaia, now at British Museum, 184
— back of, 187, 263 note
— bird cult connection with, 267, 291
— description as typical image, 166
— eyes of, 187
— original position, 257
— removal, 124, 208

Pacific, races of, 291–4

Paina, 233

Pakarati, native, 207

Palmer, surgeon, account of missionaries, 206

Pampero, 49–50

Panama Canal:
— construction, general outline, 362–3
— difficulty of entering, summary of log, 359–60
— passage of, described, 363–4
— regulations _re_ pilots, victualling, etc., 365, 367

Panama, City of, 361

Papeete, Tahiti, 317–8

Parapina, native, 214

Paréhé, 237

Paré-pu, tattooed figure, 220

Paro, Easter Island:
— overthrow of image at, 173
— tradition _re_ crown of statue, 197

Patagonia:
— history, 65
— vegetation, 92

Patagonian Channels, voyage through, 85–98

Paumotu Islands, 292

Penguin Inlet, Patagonia, 90

Péra, 171, 172, 204

Pereyra, Señor, 55

Pernambuco, 35–7

Peruvian slave-raids, 205

Petropolis, Brazil, 46

Pillar, Cape, Patagonia, 85

Pipi-hereko: _see_ Cairns

Piro-piro, statue (frontispiece), 166, 189

Pitcairn Island:
— archæological remains, 313–4
— communications, 311–2
— description, 306
— history, 305–6
— islanders on _Mana_: _see_ Young
— life on, 307–13

Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 261 note, 271

Plate River, 53

Platform: _see_ Ahu

Poié, leader of Kotuu, 285–8

Poike portion of Eastern Headland, 133, 286

Poki-manu: _see_ Bird Cult, Initiation

Polynesian race, relation to Easter Islanders, 295–8

Pomare family, of Tahiti:
— account, general, 316
— Arii Taimai, 316, 319
— Marau Taaroa, Madame, 319
— Takau, Princess, 319, 320

Ponta Delgada: _see_ St. Miguel, Azores

Pora, 261

Porotu, native, 226, 266

Port Churruca, Patagonia, 80–4

Port Desire, Patagonia, 67, 68

Port Royal, Jamaica, 374–5

Porto Bello, Brazil, 47–9

Porto Grande: _see_ St. Vincent

Porto Santo, Madeira Island, 16

Ports, procedure on reaching, 20

Preston, mate of _Mana_, 9

_Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, German cruiser:
— despatch _re_ to British Minister at Santiago, 163
— at Easter Island, 156–9

Prisoners of war:
— on Easter Island, 159–60
— at Tahiti, 318

Pua, plant, 220, 243, 245

Puerto de la Luz, Grand Canary, 19–20

Punapau, quarries of stone hats, 199, 270

Punta Arenas, Patagonia, 71–5

Puukohola, Hawaii, 327

Quarries:
— at Punapau, 199
— at Rano Raraku, 175–82

Queen Mary, 390

Quibo Island, Panama, 351–8

Raa (clan), 223, 284

Races of the Pacific, theories of migrations, 291–4

Rano, meaning, 132

Rano Aroi, Easter Island, 133, 158

Rano Kao, Easter Island:
— bird cult at, 254–5, 262, 263
— description, 254–5
— view from, 133

Rano Raraku, Easter Island:
— ahu, 191, 264
— bird cult at, 263–4, 265, 267
— camp of expedition at, 135–6, 137, 145–6
— description, 135–6, 175
— excavations at, 185–91
— legends of, 182, 184, 193, 238
— pits on summit, 191
— quarries, 175–82
— south-east side, 191–3
— statues standing, 182–90
— round base, 183–95, 264

Rapa (dancing-paddle), 229, 235, 268

Rapa-iti, S. Pacific, 209, 314–5

Rapa-nui, or Easter Island, 209–10

Rats, 218, 233, 242

Ray, Mr., on native names and language, 223 footnote, 295

Ray: _see_ Devil-fish

Recife: _see_ Pernambuco

Rei-miro, 242, 268

Religion:
— cult of early voyagers, 239–40, 256, 300–1
— ivi-atua, 233, 239, 260–1, 264
— koromaké, 239
— rain, prayers for, 242
— soul, theories of, 238–9
— supernatural beings (atua, aku-aku, tatane), 236–9, 242, 260, 262,
264, 269–70, 280
— bird cult, connection with, 260, 262, 264
— characteristics and legends, 236–9
— Hotu-matua, deified ancestor, 236, 280
— statues, connection with, 301
_see also_ Miru, Bird Cult, and Script

Richards, Mr., Consul at Tahiti, 317, 321

Rio de Janeiro, 44–7

Ritchie, Lt. D. R., R.N.:
— assigned to Expedition, 8
— departure from Easter Island, 154
— surveys made by, 176, 256 footnote

Roads:
— ancient:
— of the Ao, 259
— of Ara Mahiva, 198
— ceremonial, 194–5, 264
— in legend, 278, 294
— modern, 135

Roggeveen, Admiral, discovery of Easter Island, 124, 200, 201

Rongo-rongo men: _see_ Script—professors

Rosa, Bartolomeo, sailor, 30, 389

Roussel, Father, missionary, 206

Routledge, Katherine:
— alone on Easter Island, 155
— returns to England, 332
— stewardess of _Mana_, 9

Routledge, Scoresby:
— account of homeward voyage, 335–87
— visit to Chile from Easter Island, 155, 161–3

Royal Cruising Club, 8, 343, 388

Royal Geographical Society, 295, 296

Russian Finn, seaman on _Mana_, adventures, 350–1

Sta. Catharina Island, Brazil, 49

St. George, Bermuda, 381

St. Jago: _see_ Cape Verde Islands

St. Julian, Patagonia, 68

St. Miguel, Azores, 383–4

St. Nicholas, Bay and River, Patagonia, 78, 79

St. Vincent, Cape Verde Is., 28

Salmon, Alexander, 208–9, 247, 282

San Francisco, 328, 332

San Martin, General, 99

Sandwich Islands: _see_ Hawaiian Islands

Santa Barbara, California, 332

Santa Cruz, Brazil, 40–1

Santiago, Chile, 103–4

_Scharnhorst_, German Cruiser, 153

Script:
— ariki connection with, 243–7
— discovery by missionaries, 207
— first mention of, by Gonzalez, 202
— glyphs, arrangement of, 244
— instruction of students, 245
— Kohau:
— o-te-ika, 229, 248
— o-te-puré, 249
— o-te-ranga, 249
— o-te-timo, 229
— Ngaara: _see_ Ariki
— origin legendary, 244, 252, 277
— scientific investigation, 302
— professors (tangata-rongo-rongo), 244–6
— last survivor, 250–3
— subjects dealt with, 248–9, 251–2
— system conjectured, 253–4, 301–2
— tablets, destruction of, 207–47
_see also_ Kohau
— tau, 250–3
— translation attempted, 207, 247–8
— yearly festival connected with, 245–6

Secret societies, 224, 292

Selkirk, Alexander, 111, 112–3

Seligman, Dr., 296

Sharks, 117–8, 350

Sharp, Captain, of _Kildalton_, 159–60

“Short Ears”: _see under_ Ears

Silva, Eduardo, engineer on _Mana_, 320, 349–50, 389

Skulls, race affinity, 295–6
_see also_ Miru

Slave-raids, Peruvian, in South Seas, 124, 205, 208

Socorro Island, 340–9

Solomon Islands, bird cult in, 296–8

Spee, Admiral von:
— at Easter Island, 152, 153
— at Papeete, 319

Sphagnum, 256

Statues:
— on ahu, 166, 168, 170
— at Anakena, 173, 187
— as avenue to ahu, 196
— backs, two types, 187–8
— design on, 187–8, 220, 269
— bed-plates, dimensions, 168
— as boundary marks, 193, 197, 261, 301
— in British Museum, larger: _see_ Orongo statue
— smaller, 197, 208
— burials in connection with, 190
— carvings incised on, 189, 263 note
— counterfeited by natives, 271
— date of construction, 299–300, 301
— description, general, 166
— details of, 186–9
— dimensions, 166, 170, 173, 182, 183, 195
— early accounts: _see_ Easter Island: early accounts
— ears, 166
— erection, 189, 197
— excavation, 151–2, 163–4, 185–91
— hands, 186
— isolated, 193, 197
— legends, 173, 182, 184: _see also_ makers, names, transport
— makers, (legendary), 181–2
— material, 175–6
— on Motu Nui, 261
— names, 183–4, 257, 301
— numbers, 168, 179, 183
— orbits, 187
— at Orongo: _see_ Orongo
— overthrow, 172–3, 182, 299, 300
— at Paro, 173
— on Pitcairn Island, 313–4
— at Pitt Rivers Museum, 261 footnote
— in quarries: _see_ Rano Raraku
— quarrying, method of, 179–80
— at Rano Raraku: _see under_ this head
— representation and purpose, 301: _see also above_, boundary
— on roads, 194–5
— sources of information, 200–5
— tools used in making, 180–1
— transport, problem of 193, 195–8
— at Washington, 257 footnote

Submarines, preparations for meeting, 385–6

_Sunbeam_, yacht, 31, 76, 387 footnote

Tablets: _see_ Script

Tahai, 246

Tahiti:
— description, 317
— German attack on, 153, 319
— history, 316
— Marae Mahaiatea, 316, 320

Tahonga, 267

Takau, Princess: _see_ Pomare family, 247

Také, 266

Talcahuano, Chile, 100, 101–2, 154, 162–3

Tangata-ika: _see_ Fish-men

Tangata-manu: _see_ Bird Cult—bird-men

Tangata-rongo-rongo: _see_ Script—professors

Tapa, 170, 201, 218–9

Tatane: _see_ Religion—supernatural beings

Tattooing:
— inspection by Ariki, 243
— practice of, 219–20

Tau: _see under_ Script

Taura-renga: _see_ Orongo statue

Te Haha, Miru:
— part in social functions, 240
— service with Chief Ngaara, 242, 243, 245–6
— wooden images made by, 271

Te Pito-te-henua: _see_ Easter Island—names.

Tea-tenga, ahu, 194

Telde, Grand Canary, 25–7

Teneriffe: _see as for_ Grand Canary

Tepano, Juan: _see_ Juan Tepano

Tepeu, ahu, 170, 269

Terraces, 133
_see also_ Ahu

Theosophists, theories _re_ Easter Island, 290

Thomas, cook on _Mana_, 375, 386

Thomson, Paymaster of _Mohican_:
— account of Easter Island, 209
— names of Easter Island, 210
— translation of tablets attempted by, 247
— versions of legends, 282, 289

Tierra del Fuego, 69–70

Timo, 229

Titahanga-o-te-henua, statue on Motu Nui, 261

Toa-toa, 224

Tongariki:
— ahu, 136, 168, 172, 173, 193
— in legend, 282

Tomenika, native:
— knowledge of tau, 250–3
— Také, statement _re_, 266

Tools used for statues, 180–1

_Topaze_, H.M.S., visit to Easter Island, 206, 208, 210, 257

Towers for fishing, 218

Trade winds, 3, 32, 292, 321

Trans-Andine Railway, 104–6

Tupahotu clan, 223, 224, 227, 228, 249, 252, 284

Turtle, capture of, 336–9

Tuukoihu:
— landing with Hotu-matua, 279
— maker of boats, 283, 289
— wooden images, 269–70

Twins, customs _re_, 243

“Undertaker,” 373

Uré-a-hohové, legend of, 237

Ure-vae-iko, native refusal to decipher tablets, 247–8

Ureohei, clan, 223, 225, 227, 259, 284

Valdivia, founder of Santiago, 99

Valparaiso, Chile, 107, 108, 162

Varta: _see_ Vincent

Vinapu Ahu, 170

Vincent, French carpenter, 125, 136, 138

Viriamo, native woman:
— initiation as bird-child, 267
— life story, 227–8
— Orongo festival, part in, 260
— statue removal from Orongo described, 257
— Také described, 266

Wager I., Patagonia, 97–8

Waihu: _see_ Easter Island: Names

Washington:
— statue at, 257 footnote
— visit to, 332

Water on Easter Island: _see_ Easter Island

Water on _Mana_: _see Mana_

Waterspout, 368–9

Weapons, 223–4, 268: _see also_ Mataa

Williamson and Balfour, Messrs., 107

Women in Easter Island, 228
_see also_ Viriamo

Wooden carvings: _see_ Carvings

Young, Chas. and Edwin, Pitcairn Islanders, 314, 321, 331, 368, 389–90

_Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._

-----

Footnote 1:

The _Pelican_, or _Golden Hinde_, was 120 tons; the _Elizabeth_ 80
tons, and three smaller ships were 50, 30, and 12 tons respectively.
The crews all told were 160 men and boys.—Froude’s _English Seamen_,
p. 112.

Footnote 2:

Lady Grogan informs me that one of the main reasons for the position
of women in Argentina is that there is no Married Women’s Property
Act, and that even an heiress is therefore in ordinary course entirely
dependent on her husband.

Footnote 3:

We were subsequently interested to learn from a private diary kept on
board The Challenger that they had also taken their boat over into
this water; they had, however, neither explored it nor marked it on
the map.

Footnote 4:

Cape Pillar is the name which has been given to Magellan’s “Cape
Deseado” since the days of Sir John Narborough; it has two peaks, of
which the western one is like a pillar. The point which on the chart
is named Deseado lies two miles to the south-west and could not
possibly have been seen by Magellan: see _Early Spanish Voyages and
the Straits of Magellan_, edited by Sir C. Markham, Hakluyt Series II.
vol. xxviii.

Footnote 5:

“The Indians had taught their dogs to drive the fish into a corner of
some pond or lake, from whence they were easily taken out by the skill
and address of these savages.”—_Narrative of Hon. J. Byron_, ed. 1768,
p. 56.

Footnote 6:

“We were well clothed, and though sitting close to the fire were far
from too warm; yet these naked savages (Fuegians), though further off,
were observed, to our great surprise, to be streaming with
perspiration.”—_Voyage of H.M.S. “Beagle”_ (Darwin), ed. 1870, p. 220.

Footnote 7:

_Philesia buxifolia_ and _Luzuriaga erecta_.

Footnote 8:

“Among the birds we generally shot was a bird much larger than a
goose, which we called the Racehorse, from the velocity with which it
moved upon the surface of the water in a sort of half-flying,
half-running motion.”—_The Narrative of the Hon. John Byron_, ed.
1768, p. 50.

Footnote 9:

Some of the Chileans with British names are said to be descended from
the officers and men under command of Lord Cochrane.

Footnote 10:

See _Anson’s Voyage Round the World_, quarto ed., 1748, p. 102.

Footnote 11:

Captain Benson and his crew made the voyage in the ship’s boat to
Mangareva in sixteen days, and after two days there left in the same
manner for Tahiti, accomplishing the further nine hundred miles in
eleven days. Mr. Richards, the British Consul at the latter place,
told us later of his astonishment, when, in answer to his question
whence the crew had come, he received the amazing reply, “Easter
Island.” For the whole account see _Captain Benson’s Own Story_ (The
James H. Barry Co., San Francisco).

Footnote 12:

“I will only add this one word about the curious way in which they get
fresh water on some of the coral islands, such as Nangone, where there
is none on the surface. Two go out together to sea, and dive down at
some spot where they know there is a fresh-water spring, and they
alternately stand on one another’s backs to keep down the one that is
drinking at the bottom before the pure water mixes with the
surrounding salt water.”—“Notes on the Maoris and Melanesians,” Bishop
of Wellington: _The Journal of the Ethnological Society_, New Series,
vol. i, session 1868–9.

Footnote 13:

“Kanaka” is a name originally given by Europeans to the inhabitants of
the South Seas, and is one form of the Polynesian word meaning “man”.

Footnote 14:

The natives of Easter hold very firmly the primitive belief in dreams.
If one of them dreamt, for example, that _Mana_ was returning, it was
retailed to us with all the assurance of a wireless message.

Footnote 15:

The milch-cows.

Footnote 16:

Considerably later _Mana_ was again approached on the subject of the
Australian gifts, and Mr. Gillam consented to bring them; it then
transpired that they were no longer available, having “been given by
the wife of the head of the Customs to the deserving poor of
Valparaiso.”

Footnote 17:

Since writing the above, the following account has been found of dress
at Tahiti in 1877: “All the women, without exception, have their
dresses cut on the pattern of the old English sacques worn by our
grandmothers.... It is a matter of deep congratulation that the dress
in fashion in Europe at the period when Tahiti adopted foreign
garments should have been one so suitable.”

“We may be thankful that Prince Alfred’s strong commendation of the
graceful sacque has caused it to triumph over all other varieties of
changeful and unbecoming fashion which for a while found favour
here.”—_Cruise in a French Man-of-war_, Miss Gordon Cumming, pp. 299
and 284.

Footnote 18:

_Mana_ made seven trips in all between Chile and Easter Island,
traversing, in this part alone of her voyage, over 14,000 miles on her
course.

Footnote 19:

For an illustrated description of the method of expanding the ear, see
_With a Prehistoric People, the Akikuyu of British East Africa_, p.
32.

Footnote 20:

A full description of the statues is given in chap. xiv.

Footnote 21:

This excludes some fifteen which may have carried statues, but about
which doubt exists.

Footnote 22:

The body was no doubt supported by staves, though they were dispensed
with in the model, being unnecessary for the wooden figure.

Footnote 23:

The sole possible exception was probably due to some flaw in the
stone.

Footnote 24:

The farthest outstanding figure to the left in fig. 46.

Footnote 25:

An island was reported in lat. 27° by an English buccaneer named Davis
in 1687. It was, he said, five hundred miles from the coast of Chile,
low and sandy, and some twelve leagues to the west of it was seen “a
long tract of pretty high land.” The description in no way applies to
Easter, with which it has sometimes been identified. The probability
seems to be that Davis was out of his reckoning, as was by no means
unusual in the case of the early mariners, and it has been suggested
that the island he saw was Crescent Island, the high ground in the
distance being the Gambier group. The latitude of Easter Island is 27°
8′ S., that of Crescent Island is 23° 20′ S.

Footnote 26:

Precisely the same habit obtains to-day among the Akikuyu in East
Africa.

Footnote 27:

For Roggeveen’s description of the Island see _Voyage of Gonzalez_,
Hakluyt Society, Series II., vol. xiii., pp. 3 to 26.

A statement of the evidence _re_ Davis Island is given in the
introduction to the same volume.

Footnote 28:

_Voyage of Gonzalez_, p. 27 _seq._

Footnote 29:

_A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World_, by James Cook,
1st ed., 4to, 1777, pp. 276–96.

_A Voyage Round the World_, George Forster, 4to, 1777. Vol. i., pp.
551–602.

Footnote 30:

_Voyage de La Pérouse autour du Monde_, 4to edn., London, 1799. Vol.
i., pp. 319–36.

Footnote 31:

MS. copy in the British Museum of a letter sent by one of the officers
of the Spanish ship to a Canon or a Prebendary in Buenos Aires. MSS.
17607 (18). Our attention was drawn to this document by Dr. Corney.

Footnote 32:

See above, p. 171.

Footnote 33:

_Voyage of Gonzalez_, p. 126.

Footnote 34:

_Voyage Round the World in the Ship “Neva,”_ Lisiansky, Lond. 1814, p.
58.

Footnote 35:

_Voyage to the Pacific, H.M.S. “Blossom_,” p. 41.

Footnote 36:

See _Annales de la Propagation de la Foi_, 1866, 1867, 1869.

Footnote 37:

_Journal Ethnological Society_, Vol. i. p. 373.

Footnote 38:

The above statement is made on the authority of Mr. John Brander of
Tahiti. According to report of H.M.S. _Sappho_, which visited the
island in 1882, Salmon was then an agent of the Maison Brander.

Footnote 39:

_Smithsonian Report_, 1889.

Footnote 40:

In the _Odyssey_ Athene speaks of Odysseus as “in a sea-girt isle,
where is the navel of the sea.” (_Odyssey_, Bk. I., l. 50, Butcher &
Lang.)

Footnote 41:

_Easter Island. The Rapa-nui Speech._ W. Churchill, p. 3.

Footnote 42:

_Voyage of Gonzalez_, p. 90.

Footnote 43:

One of the Scitamineæ—further determination awaits the blooming of
plants brought back to Kew.

Footnote 44:

Of these clan names, “Raa” means the sun and “Marama” the light. The
signification of the others is not equally clear, and the natives
could give no assistance; but Mr. Ray gives the following interesting
information from other Polynesian sources. “Haumoana” means the
sea-breeze; “Hitiuira” is probably “hiti-ra” or sunrise; and “Ureohei”
another version of “ura-o-hehe,” or red of sundown. “Koro-orongo” is
doubtless from “Koro-o-Rongo,” or the ring of Rongo (a well-known
Polynesian deity), that is the rainbow. “Kotuu” appears to be a
contraction of “Ko Otuu,” meaning “The Hill”; the name “Otuu” is used
alternatively for the same district. “Hotu” is another form of the
word for hill and “Iti” signifies small, it presumably refers to Rano
Raraku.

Footnote 45:

Since writing the above the following has been seen: “The higher
Polynesian races, such as the Tahitians, Hawaiians, Samoans, had one
and all outgrown, and some of them had in part forgot, the practice
(cannibalism) before Cook or Bougainville had shown a top-sail in
their waters.”—_In the South Seas_, R. L. Stevenson, p. 94.

Footnote 46:

See below, pp. 266–68.

Footnote 47:

“These bodies, enveloped in mats, are placed on a heap of stones or on
a kind of wooden structure, the head being turned towards the sea.
Now, as all the population live round the island, dried skeletons are
to be met all along this coast, and no one seems to take any notice of
them.”—Letter from Brother Eyraud—_Annals of the Propagation of the
Faith_, Jan. 1866.

Footnote 48:

When all those ahu which can be placed in categories as Image,
Semi-Pyramid, Canoe, Wedge-shaped, or Pavement have been noted, there
remain, out of the total of two hundred and sixty burial-places, some
fourteen which are unique in design; and between sixty and seventy
which cannot be classified, either because they are mere cairns or in
too ruined a condition to be identified.

Footnote 49:

Our impressions on this head are confirmed by a remark of Brother
Eyraud. “Though I have lived in the greatest of intimacy and
familiarity with them, I have never been able to discover them in any
act of actual religious worship.”—_Annals of the Propagation of the
Faith_, Jan. 1866.

Footnote 50:

The outermost of the three hillocks on the eastern volcano on which
the Spaniards set up the crosses in 1770. Half of it has been worn
away by coastal erosion (fig. 78).

Footnote 51:

The same word aku-aku was used for the spirit both of the living and
the dead, or else the Tahitian “varua”; they were said to be
equivalent.

Footnote 52:

Evidence on this head was rather contradictory, but no Miru could be
found, male or female, to whom the title was not given.

Footnote 53:

“L’Ile de Paques,” M. Tépano Jaussen, _Bulletin Géographique_, 1893,
p. 241.

Footnote 54:

_Revue Maritime et Colonial_, vol. xxxv, p. 109.

Footnote 55:

Thirty is, however, a very favourite number: cf. the folk-tales.

Footnote 56:

Sometimes called koho-rongo-rongo.

Footnote 57:

Sophora Toromiro.

Footnote 58:

An accurate large-scale plan of the village was made by Lieutenant D.
R. Ritchie, R.N., and every house was measured and described by the
Expedition.

Footnote 59:

Recollection is naturally clearer of the removal of the statue now at
Washington, and particularly of the excellent food given to the
natives who assisted. The figure is reported to have been taken from
Ahu Apépé, an inland terrace not far from Rano Raraku, and been
dragged down to the ship as she lay in La Pérouse Bay.

Footnote 60:

Sooty Tern.

Footnote 61:

The men of the ascendant clan are also often spoken of as the
Mata-töa, or warriors, the other clans being the Mata-kio, or
servants.

Footnote 62:

This statue was removed to the mainland shortly before our arrival,
and we were able to procure it in exchange for one of the yacht
blankets. It is now at the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford (fig. 111).

Footnote 63:

The figures of the bird-man, also of the ao and Ko Mari, are all
roughly carved on the back of the Orongo statue (fig. 106). They
appear, like those on the Raraku image, to be later workmanship than
the raised ring and girdle. Permission to inspect can be obtained in
the hall of the British Museum; unfortunately the light in the portico
is bad.

Footnote 64:

Nos. 1, 2, and 3, fig. 60, form part of this series. See also fig. 74.

Footnote 65:

We owe this suggestion to Captain T. A. Joyce.

Footnote 66:

Those unacquainted with the manner in which the drawing of a natural
object can, through constant repetition, lose all resemblance to it
and become purely conventional are referred to _Evolution in Art_, by
Dr. A. C. Haddon.

Footnote 67:

The term “papa” is also applied to any flat, horizontal surface of
fused igneous rock. The double use seems to be explained by connecting
it with the facts that in Hawaii, Papa is the name of the female
progenitor of the race (or at least of a line of chiefs), while in the
Marquesas and Hervey Islands Papa is the earth personified, the Great
Mother.—See _A Brief History of the Hawaiian People_, Alexander, p.
20.

Footnote 68:

Cf. p. 232.

Footnote 69:

The ditch is still shown; there is a marked depression running across
the island dividing the eastern volcano from the mainland, but after
much consideration we came to the conclusion that it was a natural
phenomenon due to geological faulting. A mound of earth is, however,
to be seen in places on its higher or eastern side, and it is possible
that persons holding the mountain may have utilised it for defensive
purposes by erecting a rampart in this manner.

Footnote 70:

“The tradition continues by a sudden jump into the following
extraordinary condition of affairs. Many years after the death of
Hotu-matua the island was about equally divided between his
descendants and the long-eared race.”—_Smithsonian Report_, 1889, p.
528.

Footnote 71:

I.e. “Cave of the great descent.” It is in the cliff of the eastern
volcano beyond Marotiri, and is one of those which can be seen from
the sea, but to which the path has disappeared.

Footnote 72:

The centre hillock of the three on which Spaniards erected the
crosses. The name means White Mountain, from the colour of the ash
which composes it (see fig. 78).

Footnote 73:

Theosophists, indeed, contend that it has been revealed by occult
means that Easter Island is the remaining portion of an old continent
named “Lemuria,” which occupied the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and the
writer has been informed by correspondents that she “may be interested
to learn” that such is the case. Representations even of the world at
this remote epoch have been, it is said, received by clairvoyance and
are reproduced in theosophical literature: in the case of a later
continent of Atlantis, which has also disappeared, it was permitted to
see its proportions on a globe and by other means; but, unfortunately,
in the case of Lemuria, “there was only a broken terra-cotta model and
crumpled map, so that the difficulty of carrying back the remembrance
of all the details, and consequently of reproducing exact copies, has
been far greater” (_The Lost Lemuria_, Scott Elliot, p. 13). The world
at the Lemurian epoch was, we are informed, inhabited by beings who
were travelling for the fourth time through their round of the
planets, and undergoing for the third time their necessary seven
incarnations on the earth during this round. At the beginning of this
third race of the fourth round, man first evolved into a sexual being,
and at the end was highly civilised. The makers of the Easter Island
statues were of gigantic size. To prove this last point, Madame
Blavatsky quotes a statement to the effect that “there is no reason to
believe that any of the statues have been built up bit by bit,” and
proceeds to argue that they must consequently have been made by men of
the same size as themselves. She states that “the images at
Ronororaka—the only ones now found erect—are four in number”; and
gives the following account of the head-dress of the statues, “a kind
of flat cap with a back piece attached to it to cover the back portion
of the head” (_Secret Doctrine_, vol. ii. p. 337). The readers of this
book can judge of the correctness of these descriptions. Theosophists
must forgive us, if, in the face of error as to what exists to-day, we
decline to accept without further proof information as to what
occurred “nearer four million than two million years ago.”

Footnote 74:

_Revue Maritime et Coloniale_, vol. xxxv. (1872), p. 108, note. It is
unfortunate that M. de Lapelin does not give us more details as to
when and from whom the account was received.

Footnote 75:

_Royal Geographical Journal_, May 1917. It has been pointed out that
Dr. Hamy, examining skulls from Easter Island some thirty years ago,
and W. Volz (_Arch. f. Anth._ xxiii. 1895, p. 97 ff.) attained the
same result. Mr. Pycraft also came independently to the same
conclusion.

Footnote 76:

_Folk Lore_, June 1918, p. 161.

Footnote 77:

_Man_, 1918, No. 91, pl. M. Also in _Anthropological Essays_,
presented to E. B. Tylor, 1907, pl. iii. fig. 2, and p. 327.

Footnote 78:

H. Balfour, _Man_, Oct. 1918, No. 80. _Folk Lore_, Dec. 1917, pp.
356–60.

Footnote 79:

H. Balfour, _Folk Lore_, Dec. 1917. For full particulars of this and
the following points readers are referred to the paper itself.

Footnote 80:

_Hawaiki_, S. Percy Smith, p. 294.

Footnote 81:

See below, pp. 313–4.

Footnote 82:

If it were not that the strife between the Long and Short Ears is
always placed in very remote ages, we might be tempted to see in it a
struggle between the adherents of the older and newer fashion. In the
Hawaiian Islands such a combat took place before the advent of
Christianity, see p. 322.

Footnote 83:

_Quest and Occupation of Tahiti_, Hakluyt Society, vol. ii. p. 270.

Footnote 84:

They had, of course, no connection with Adams the mutineer.

Footnote 85:

Another daughter was the wife of Mr. Brander, the connection of whose
firm with Easter Island has already been seen.

Footnote 86:

My budget contained, with over twenty letters from my Mother, the news
that she had died suddenly the preceding April; and that the old home
no longer existed. The tidings were no surprise. I had had the
strongest conviction, dating from about one month after her death,
that she was no longer here. The realisation came at first with a
sense of shock, which was noted in my journal and written to friends
in England; afterwards it continued with a quiet persistence which
amounted to practical certainty.

Footnote 87:

Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, p. 102.

Footnote 88:

_Polynesian Researches_, vol. iv. p. 167.

Footnote 89:

_Thrum. Hawaiian Annual_, 1908.

Footnote 90:

We had intended to reproduce this note in facsimile, but subsequent
events have led us to think that to do so might cause danger to its
writer.

Footnote 91:

Casa = Sp. house.

Footnote 92:

_Cf._ _Ency. Brit. Edn._ 1911, Vol. xxiii., p. 930, Article RAY.

Footnote 93:

_Cock-bill._ To put the yards “a-cock-bill” is to top them up by one
lift to an angle with the deck. A symbol of mourning.—_The Sailor’s
Word-Book_ (Admiral Smyth, 1867).

Footnote 94:

See _Man_, vol. xvii. 1917, No. 88.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

With a Prehistoric People

(_The Akikúyu of British East Africa_)

BEING SOME ACCOUNT OF THE METHOD OF LIFE AND MODE OF THOUGHT FOUND
EXISTENT AMONGST A NATION ON ITS FIRST CONTACT WITH EUROPEAN
CIVILIZATION

BY

W. SCORESBY ROUTLEDGE, M.A. (Oxon)
and KATHERINE ROUTLEDGE (born Pease)

Som. Coll. (Oxon); M.A. (Trin. Coll., Dublin)

_With 136 Plates and a Map_

Medium 8vo. 21s. net. London. Ed. Arnold.

“Mr. and Mrs. Routledge have enjoyed a most interesting experience, which they have embodied in a volume that should take high rank in anthropological literature.”—_Spectator._

“Sympathetic study of the native way of thinking, careful discrimination in the acceptance of evidence, and a full, clear, and precise record of the observations made.”—_Athenæum._

“Her (Mrs. Routledge’s) reports are probably the most minute, intimate, and accurate which have hitherto appeared about the position of a female savage in any country....”—_Bookman._

“One of the choicest contributions to the study of primitive peoples that have appeared in recent times.”—_Journal of the Royal Geographical Society._

“... Enough has been said to show the importance of this careful study of an unspoiled people. It is a book that will be valued by the anthropologist, and at the same time delight a wider public.”—Dr. A. C. HADDON, F.R.S., in the _Morning Post_.

“The interest of the account itself is enough to attract mere outsiders to anthropology.”—_Nation._

“Likely to take a permanent place as a standard work.”—Sir H. H. JOHNSTON in _Nature_.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 4. Denoted superscripts by a caret before a single superscript character.