Chapter M: D. and RAYMOND PEARL, “On the Relation of Race Crossing to

the Sex Ratio” (_Biological Bulletin_, vol. xv [1908], pp.
194 _et seq._).

Page 100.

1. GUSTAV KLEMM, Allgemeine Cultur-Geschichte (Leipzig, 1843),
vol. i, pp. 196 _et seq._ His opinions are accepted by A.
WUTTKE, Geschichte des Heidentums (Breslau, 1852-53), vol.
i, p. 36.

2. CARL GUSTAV CARUS, “Ueber die ungleiche Befähigung der
verschiedenen Menschheitsstämme für höhere geistige
Entwicklung” (_Denkschrift zum hundertjährigen Geburtsfeste
Goethe’s_, Leipzig, 1849).

3. J. A. DE GOBINEAU, Essai sur l’inégalité des races humaines
(Paris, 1853-55).

4. NOTT and GLIDDON, Types of Mankind (Philadelphia, 1854);
Indigenous Races of the Earth (Philadelphia, 1857).

5. THEODOR WAITZ, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, vol. (2d ed.,
Leipzig, 1877).

6. HERBERT SPENCER, Principles of Sociology.

7. EDWARD B. TYLOR, Researches into the Early History of
Mankind; Primitive Culture.

Page 101.

THEODOR WAITZ, Anthropologie der Naturvölker (2d ed., 1877),
vol. i, p. 387.

Pages 106, 109.

HERBERT SPENCER, The Principles of Sociology (New York, 1893),
vol. i, pp. 55 _et seq._, 59-61.

Page 111.

G. M. SPROAT, Scenes and Studies of Savage Life (1868), p. 120.

Page 112.

1. HERBERT SPENCER, l.c., p. 70.

2. FRANZ BOAS, “The Growth of Indian Mythologies” (_Journal of
American Folk-Lore_, vol. ix [1896], pp. 1-11).

3. J. MOONEY, “The Ghost-Dance Religion” (_Fourteenth Annual
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_, pp. 641 _et seq._).

Page 113.

1. OVIEDO Y VALDÉS, Historia General y Natural de las Indias
[1535-57] (Madrid, 1851-55), Bk. xlii, Chaps. 2, 3 (quoted
from SPENCER, Descriptive Sociology, No. II, pp. 42-43).

2. RUDOLF LEHMANN, Schopenhauer.

Page 114.

G. TARDE, Les Lois de l’Imitation.

Page 116.

FRANCIS GALTON, Natural Inheritance; Hereditary Genius. KARL
PEARSON, _Biometrika_.

Page 117.

1. A. WERNICH, Geographisch-medicinische Studien nach den
Erlebnissen einer Reise um die Erde (Berlin, 1878), pp. 81
_et seq._

2. RUDOLF VIRCHOW, “Die physischen Eigenschaften der Lappen”
(_Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie,
Ethnologie u. Urgeschichte_, vol. vii [1875], pp. 34 _et
seq._; also vol. xxii [1890], p. 411).

Page 118.

1. W. H. R. RIVERS, “Observations on the Senses of the Todas”
(_Journal of Psychology_, vol. i [1905], pp. 322 _et seq._).

2. The complete results of this study have not been published.
The tests on hearing were published by FRANK G. BRUNER, The
Hearing of Primitive Peoples (New York, _Science Press_,
1908).

Page 120.

CHARLES DARWIN, Journal of Researches into the Natural History
and Geology of the Countries visited during the Voyage of H.
M. S. _Beagle_ round the World (New York, 1895), pp.
228-229.

Page 121.

A brief résumé of FREUD’S theory will be found in the _American
Journal of Psychology_, vol. xxi (1910).

Page 126.

1. For a history of these attempts, see P. TOPINARD, Éléments
d’Anthropologie générale (Paris, 1885), pp. 1-147.

2. H. HUXLEY, “On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief
Modifications of Mankind” (_Journal of the Ethnological
Society_, N. S., vol. ii [1870], pp. 404-412).

Page 127.

FRIEDRICH MÜLLER, Allgemeine Ethnographie (Vienna, 1879).

Page 128.

W. Z. RIPLEY, The Races of Europe (New York, 1899); J. DENIKER,
The Races of Man (London, 1900).

Page 129.

1. F. SARASIN, Ergebnisse naturwissenschaftlicher Forschungen
auf Ceylon (Wiesbaden, 1892-93), vol. iii, pp. 569 _et seq._

2. E. BÄLZ, “Menschenrassen Ost-Asiens mit specieller Rücksicht
auf Japan” (_Verhandlungen der Berliner anthropologischen
Gesellschaft_, vol. xxxiii [1901], pp. 166-189); H. TEN
KATE, “Anthropologisches und Verwandtes aus Japan”
(_Internationales Centralblatt für Anthropologie_, vol. vii
[1902], p. 659).

3. W. JOCHELSON, The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus
(_Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition_, vol.
ix [1910], p. 59).

Page 131.

1. FRANZ BOAS, “A. J. Stone’s Measurements of Natives of the
Northwest Territories” (_Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History_, vol. xiv [New York, 1901], pp. 53-68);
“Zur Anthropologie der nordamerikanischen Indianer”
(_Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie,
Ethnologie und Urgeschichte_, vol. xxvii [1895], pp. 367 _et
seq._).

2. PLINY EARLE GODDARD, Life and Culture of the Hupa
(_University of California Publications, American Archæology
and Ethnology_, vol. i [Berkeley, 1903-04]); WASHINGTON
MATTHEWS, Navaho Legends (1897); P. A. G. MORICE, “The Great
Déné Race” (_Anthropos_, vols. i, ii, iv [1906, 1907,
1909]).

Page 132.

A. L. KROEBER, Types of Indian Culture in California
(_University of California Publications, American Archæology
and Ethnology_, vol. ii [1904-07], pp. 81-103).

Page 140.

See remarks in GEORG VON DER GABELENTZ, Die Sprachwissenschaft
(Leipzig, 1891), pp. 371 _et seq._

Page 141.

FRANZ BOAS, “On Alternating Sounds” (_American Anthropologist_,
vol. ii [1889], pp. 47 _et seq._).

Page 147.

J. W. POWELL, Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages (2d
ed., Washington, Bureau of Ethnology), pp. 69 _et seq._

Page 156.

1. E. B. TYLOR, Primitive Culture; Researches into the Early
History of Mankind.

2. HERBERT SPENCER, The Principles of Sociology.

3. J. G. FRAZER, The Golden Bough; Totemism and Exogamy.

4. A. BASTIAN, Ideale Welten (Berlin, 1892); Die Welt in ihren
Spiegelungen unter dem Wandel der Völkergedankens (Berlin,
1887); Allerlei aus Volks- und Menschenkunde (Berlin, 1888);
Geographische und ethnologische Bilder (Jena, 1873); etc.

5. RICHARD ANDREE, Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche
(Stuttgart, 1878; Neue Folge, Leipzig, 1889).

6. ALBERT H. POST, Grundriss der Ethnologischen Jurisprudenz
(Oldenburg and Leipzig, 1894).

Page 157.

1. RICHARD ANDREE, “Scapulimantia,” in Boas Anniversary Volume
(New York, G. E. Stechert, 1906), pp. 143 _et seq._

2. FRANZ BOAS, Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Küste
Amerikas (Berlin, A. Asher, 1895), pp. 338-339.

3. FRANZ HEGER, “Aderlassgeräthe bei den Indianern und Papuas”
(_Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien_,
vol. xxiii [1893], Sitzungsberichte, pp. 83-87).

Page 158.

ROLAND B. DIXON, “Basketry Designs of the Indians of Northern
California” (_Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History_, vol. xvii, p. 28).

Page 161.

1. WALDEMAR BOGORAS, The Chukchee (_Publications of the Jesup
North Pacific Expedition_, vol. vii [Leiden, 1904-09]);
FRANZ BOAS, The Central Eskimo (_Sixth Annual Report of the
Bureau of Ethnology_ [Washington, 1888]).

2. LEONHARD SCHULTZE, Aus Namaland und Kalahari (Jena, 1907).

3. RUDOLF MARTIN. (See note 2 to p. 74.)

Page 162.

1. BOGORAS, l.c., pp. 177 _et seq._; BOAS, l.c., pp. 551 _et
seq._ (see note 1, p. 161).

2. BOAS (_Ibid._, p. 595).

Page 165.

K. WEULE, Die Kultur der Kulturlosen (Stuttgart); F. RATZEL,
Anthropogeographie, vol. ii (1891), p. 693.

Page 167.

1. ED. HAHN, Die Haustiere (Leipzig, 1896), pp. 464, 465; A. DE
CANDOLLE, Origin of Cultivated Plants (New York, 1886), pp.
59 _et seq._, 139 _et seq._

2. KARL VON DEN STEINEN, Durch Centralbrasilien (1886), pp. 310
_et seq._; Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (1894),
pp. 210-212.

3. BERTHOLD LAUFER, “The Introduction of Maize into Eastern
Asia” (_Congrès International des Américanistes_, xv^e
Session, Quebec, 1907, vol. i, pp. 223 _et seq._,
particularly pp. 250-252). Regarding the introduction of
tobacco into eastern Asia, see J. REIN, in _Petermann’s
Mitteilungen_, vol. xxiv (1878), pp. 215 _et seq._

4. VICTOR HEHN, Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere (2d ed., Berlin,
1874).

Page 169.

1. ED. HAHN, Die Entstehung der Pflugkultur (Heidelberg, 1909).

2. RICHARD LAASCH, Der Eid (Stuttgart, 1908). Laasch gives some
examples of the oath in America. They are, however,
remarkably few as compared to the vast material collected by
him from the Old World.

Page 171.

An exposition of BASTIAN’S point of view may be found in TH.
ACHELIS, Moderne Völkerkunde (Stuttgart, 1896), pp. 189 _et
seq._

Page 173.

1. WILHELM WUNDT, Völkerpsychologie (Leipzig, Engelmann).

2. OTTO STOLL, Suggestion und Hypnotismus in der
Völkerpsychologie (Leipzig, 1894).

Page 176.

E. B. TYLOR, Primitive Culture (3d ed., 1891), p. 16.

Page 177.

E. B. TYLOR, “On a Method of Investigating the Development of
Institutions” (_Journal of the Anthropological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland_, vol. xviii [1889], pp. 245 _et
seq._).

Page 179.

1. OTIS T. MASON, The Origins of Invention (London, 1895), pp.
315 _et seq._

2. W J MCGEE, “The Beginning of Zooculture” (_American
Anthropologist_, vol. x [1897], pp. 215 _et seq._).

3. ED. HAHN, Die Haustiere und ihre Beziehungen zur Wirtschaft
des Menschen; Die Entstehung der Pflugkultur (Heidelberg,
1909).

Page 180.

1. H. COLLEY MARCH, in _Transactions of the Lancashire and
Cheshire Antiquarian Society_, 1886, “Polynesian Ornament a
Mythology” (_Journal of the Anthropological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland_, vol. xxii [1893], pp. 307 _et
seq._). HJALMAR STOLPE, “Entwicklungserscheinungen in
der Ornamentik der Naturvölker” (_Mittheilungen der
Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien_, vol. xxii [1892],
pp. 19 _et seq._). CHARLES H. READ, “On the Origin and
Sacred Character of Certain Ornaments of the S. E. Pacific”
(_Journ. Anthr. Inst._, vol. xxi [1892], pp. 139 _et seq._).

2. A. C. HADDON, “The Decorative Art of British New Guinea”
(_Cunningham Memoirs_, No. X [Dublin, 1894]).

3. KARL VON DEN STEINEN, Unter den Naturvölkern
Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894).

4. W. H. HOLMES, “Ancient Art of the Province of Chiriqui,
Colombia” (_Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_
[Washington, 1888], pp. 3 _et seq._); F. W. PUTNAM,
“Conventionalism in Ancient American Art” (_Bulletin Essex
Institute_, vol. xviii [1886], pp. 155-167); GEORGE GRANT
MCCURDY, “The Armadillo in the Ancient Art of Chiriqui”
(_Fifteenth International Congress of Americanists_ [Quebec,
1907], vol. ii, pp. 147-163).

5. VON DEN STEINEN, “Prähistorische Zeichen und Ornamente”
(_Bastian Festschrift_ [Berlin, 1896], pp. 247-288). The
general theory of ornament has been treated from this point
of view by H. COLLEY MARCH, “The Meaning of Ornament, or its
Archæology and its Psychology” (_Transactions of the
Lancaster and Cheshire Antiquarian Society_, 1889). A. C.
HADDON, Evolution in Art (1895). ERNST GROSSE, Die Anfänge
der Kunst (1894).

Page 186.

VON DEN STEINEN, “Die Bedeutung der Textilmuster für den
geometrischen Stil der Naturvölker” (_Correspondenz-Blatt
der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und
Urgeschichte_, vol. xxxv [1904], p. 126); MAX SCHMIDT,
Indianerstudien in Zentral-Brasilien (Berlin, 1905), pp. 330
_et seq._; FRANZ BOAS, “The Decorative Art of the North
American Indians” (_Popular Science Monthly_, 1903, pp.
481-498); HEINRICH SCHURTZ, Urgeschichte der Kultur (1900),
p. 540; A. S. F. HAMLIN, in _The American Architect and
Building News_ (1898).

Page 187.

1. RICHARD ANDREE, Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche
(Neue Folge, 1889), pp. 107 _et seq._

2. WASHINGTON MATTHEWS, “The Gentile System of the Navajo
Indians” (_Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. iii [1890],
pp. 89-110).

Page 188.

1. JOHN G. BOURKE, “Notes upon the Gentile Organization of the
Apaches of Arizona” (_Ibid._, pp. 111-126).

2. J. WALTER FEWKES, “The Kinship of a Tanoan-speaking Community
in Tusayan” (_American Anthropologist_, vol. vii [1894], pp.
162 _et seq._).

3. FRANZ BOAS, “The Social Organization and the Secret Societies
of the Kwakiutl Indians” (_Report of the U. S. National
Museum for 1895_ [Washington, 1897], p. 333); JOHN R.
SWANTON, “Contributions to the Ethnology of the Haida”
(_Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition_, vol.
ii [Leiden, 1905-09], pp. 102 _et seq._).

Page 191.

A. A. GOLDENWEISER, “Totemism, an Analytical Study” (_Journal of
American Folk-Lore_, vol. xxiii [1910], pp. 179 _et seq._).

Page 192.

EDWARD WESTERMARCK, The Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas (London, 1906).

Page 194.

1. For examples see, for instance, FRANZ BOAS, Handbook of
American Indian Languages (_Bulletin 40, Bureau of American
Ethnology_ [Washington, 1911]).

2. CARL STUMPF, Die Anfänge der Musik (Leipzig, 1911).

Page 233.

CLARK WISSLER, “Decorative Art of the Sioux Indians” (_Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History_, vol. xviii [New
York, 1904], pp. 231-278).

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Transcriber's Notes

Except for the below-mentioned, all non-standard and inconsistent spelling has been retained

Hyphenation has been retained from original

New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

Pg. 19 - Corrected typo: '... primarily to the central nervous sytem' > 'system'

Pg. 125 - Corrected typo: missing period: '... as reflected in its language'

Pg. 235 - Corrected typo: '... concious of the cosmic problem' > 'conscious'

Pg. 287 - 'HERBERT SPENCER, l. c., p. 70.' > 'l.c.' to match style